What does the button on the toolbar formatting mean. Word Character Formatting Tools
The MathCAD formatting bar contains the following items:
1. The style of typing and formulas.
2. The font used for typing and formulas.
3. The font size.
4. Bold.
5. Italics.
6.Underlined font.
7. Align text to the right.
8. Alignment of the text in the center.
9. Align text to the right.
10. Bulleted list.
11. A numbered list.
12. Superscript
13. The subscript.
Math Panel
Fig. 1.4.Math tools panel Math
The mathematical panel with all other toolbars is shown in Fig. 1.4. Clicking on any of the icons will insert the symbol corresponding to this icon or the template for performing a mathematical operation at the cursor position in the working document.
Figure 1.5: Math toolbar
1. Calculator - insert patterns of basic mathematical operations, numbers, signs of arithmetic operations.
2. Graph - Insert chart templates.
3. Matrix - Insert matrix templates and matrix operations.
4. Evaluation –– operators of assignment of values \u200b\u200band output of calculation results.
5. Calculus - Insert patterns of differentiation, integration, summation.
6. Boolean (Boolean operators) - insert logical (Boolean) operators.
7. Programming - the operators needed to create software modules.
8. Greek (Greek letters).
9. Symbolics - Insertion of symbolic calculation operators.
Resource Panel
The drop-down menu of this panel (Fig. 1.3) contains a list of additional materials organized in a specific format of MathCAD e-books with the solution of many mathematical examples:
Tutorials (MathCAD) - a library of e-books MathCAD with examples that are built in the form of training courses (from a textbook for beginners to a textbook addressed to professional mathematicians);
QuickSheets (Quick Cribs) - a large number of MathCAD documents organized in the form of an electronic book, which are convenient to use as a template for your own calculations;
Reference Tables - physical and engineering tables, including lists of fundamental constants, units of measure, a summary of various parameters of substances, etc.
E-Books (E-books) - access to existing libraries of user documents, examples, as well as built-in e-books dedicated to the extensions of MathCAD.
When you click the Go button located in the upper right corner
resource bar, the MathCAD help window opens.
Control Panel
The control panel contains buttons for additional control over the operation of the MathCAD document. These buttons are designed to decorate the document, as a means of dialogue with the user, to control the operation of other files connected to the document. Their use, as a rule, requires writing custom DDL files. When developing MathCAD documents, there is no need to use such controls. They are not considered in this book. For more information, see the Developer’s Referance Help menu.
Debug Panel
The debugging panel, which appeared in MathCAD 13, contains buttons for popping up the program debugging window and switching on (stopping) the tracing process (displaying intermediate calculation results on the screen).
When you hover over many of the panel buttons, a tooltip appears with the name of the operation, which also contains a combination of hot keys, pressing which will lead to the equivalent action caused by clicking on this button. Since you often have to cut, copy, paste objects, it is useful to remember the keyboard shortcuts, pressing which causes these actions:
Cut Cut - Ctrl + x;
Copy Copy - Ctrl + c;
Paste Paste - Ctrl + v;
Undo the previous Undo action - Ctrl + z.
These 4 actions are performed by shortcut keys located in the neighborhood, and therefore are easy to remember.
As in all Windows applications, a selected object, a selected group of objects can be dragged or copied with the mouse. To do this:
Move the mouse to the selected object or group of objects so that a black palm appears;
With the left mouse button pressed, drag the cursor to the place where you want to move the objects;
If you want to copy the selected objects, after the black palm appears, you need to press the left mouse button, then press the Ctrl key and, while holding both buttons, drag the cursor to the desired location.
When working with MathCAD, you should always use the right mouse button. As a rule, the items that are most needed at the moment appear in this context menu, in particular, Cut, Copy, Paste (Cut, Copy, Paste) items are almost always present.
The contents of toolbars (except the main menu) can be adjusted. To do this, you can configure toolbars in the MathCAD environment — removing the keys that the user does not work with from the panel and then returning them to an old or new place. When you hover over the toolbar and right-click, a context menu appears with two Hide and Customize options. By selecting the Customize command, which brings up the toolbar settings dialog box, you can remove the old ones and add new buttons to the panel from the proposed list.
End of work -
This topic belongs to the section:
Fundamentals of the calculation of electrical circuits using the computer mathematical package MathCAD
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Programming in a function program of branching algorithms
Recall that in branching algorithms there are several branches of the computing process. The choice of a particular branch depends on the fulfillment (or non-fulfillment) of the given conditions on
Programming in a function program of cyclic algorithms
Recall that cyclic algorithms (or more simply cycles) contain repeating calculations that depend on a variable. Such a variable is called a loop parameter, and the repeat
Methodology for calculating steady-state non-sinusoidal currents in linear electrical circuits
The steady non-sinusoidal currents will be calculated by the superposition method. To do this, we expand the non-sinusoidal EMF of the sources in a Fourier series, i.e. represent in the form of an infinite sum of sinusoidal fu
Calculation of a linear electric circuit of direct current
Example 3.1 Calculation of a linear electric circuit of direct current by various methods. Consider a direct current electric circuit, the equivalent circuit of which is depicted in
The roots of the system of equations
. Using the found loop currents, we find the branch currents, given that the loop currents:
Enter the source data
- the numbering of elements of vectors and matrices begins with one.
Calculation of a linear electric circuit of a sinusoidal current
Example 3.3 Calculation of a linear electric circuit of a sinusoidal current by the method of equivalent transformations Let an electric circuit be given, the initial circuit of which is shown
In matrix form, this system will be written
where is the resistance matrix of the system of contour equations;
Calculation of nonlinear resistive circuits by Newton polynomial approximation
The composed equations of the nonlinear resistive circuit represent a system of nonlinear functional equations. The main way to solve such systems is the process of successive approximations
On this panel there are buttons that will help you in the design of your worksheets.
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This is a drop-down list with which you can assign a font type to a cell or selected text. |
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The buttons of this group are used to assign a text style: bold, italics, with underline. |
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Using these buttons, you can align the text in the cells: on the left border of the cell, in the center and on the right border of the cell. The last button is used to align the text in the center of the selected area from several cells. |
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Using the buttons of this group, you can quickly set the number formats in the cells of the worksheet. The first button is used to set the currency format, the second - the percentage format. Using the third button, you can set the separation of thousands in the number format as a space. The fourth and fifth buttons control the number of decimal places to be displayed, each press correspondingly decreasing or increasing the number of decimal places by one |
2.6. Data format
Data in Excel is displayed in a specific format. By default, information is displayed in General format. You can change the presentation format of the information in the selected cells. To do this, run the command Format | Cells. A dialog box will appear. Cell formatin which you want to select a tab Number.
In the left part of the dialog box Cell format in the list of Number formats the names of all formats used in Excel are listed (see. Fig.). For the format of each category, a list of its codes is provided. In the picture from the list Number formats row selected (all formats). In the right window Type of You can view all format codes that are used to display information on the screen.
To represent the data, you can use the built-in Excel format codes or enter your own (custom) format code. To enter the format code, select the line (all formats) and enter the characters of the format code in the input field Type of.
Any sequence of characters entered in a cell that Excel cannot interpret as a number, formula, date, time of day, logical value, or error value is interpreted as text. The entered text is left-aligned in the cell.
Fig. 14. Number format
To enter text, select a cell and type on the keyboard. A cell can hold up to 255 characters. You can format individual characters or text fragments in a cell and enter text in formulas, charts, text windows.
To format the location of text in a cell, use the bookmark Alignment in the dialog box Cell format.
Here you can arrange the text for reading from the bottom up, top down, align with the right, left, bottom or top edge of the cell, you can wrap text words within the cell.
Using the remaining bookmarks, you can format the font, the parameters of the frame around the cell, how to fill the cell with a different color, and enable or disable protection from the cell.
Fig. 15. Cell alignment
Data presentation style
While there is not much data in your table and problems with working with them, too, but when you get a taste of working with tables in Excel, you will naturally want to organize the data formats, because if you do not, even a simple task of changing the format can cause serious Problems.
One way to organize data is to introduce style. You enter phone numbers - one style, fill out the sales table - another style, enter data into the phone-address book - third style. After that, to change the presentation of the data, you just need to change the desired style and the data displayed by this style will change automatically.
Fig. 16. Design style
The concept of style includes the format for representing numbers, the type and size of the font, the type of alignment, the appearance of the frame, the presence of a pattern and protection. You can apply a specific style to both the selected cell area and to any worksheet in a workbook.
To create a style, use the command Format | Style. Running this command opens a dialog box. Style.
Styles can be modeled, by definition, copied from another workbook. You can determine the style of a cell by selecting the desired combination of formats and assigning a name to it. You can override a style by changing the formatting characteristics of the cell in it.
In the input field Style namedisplays the name of the style that applies to the selected cells. In this window, you can view existing styles.
Button press Edit displays a dialog box Cell Formatwhere you can select styles to apply to cells. After defining the style in the dialog box Cell Formatpress the button Add to add the selected style.
To copy styles from one workbook to another, click Combineand in the dialog box Combine styles from Select the workbook whose styles you want to copy.
Button Deletedeletes the style selected in the field Style name.
3. Calculations in Excel. Formulas and Functions
The main advantage of an Excel spreadsheet is the availability of a powerful apparatus of formulas and functions. Any data processing in Excel is carried out using this machine. You can add, multiply, divide numbers, extract square roots, calculate sines and cosines, logarithms and exponents. In addition to purely computational actions with single numbers, you can process individual rows or columns of a table, as well as whole blocks of cells. In particular, to find the arithmetic mean, maximum and minimum value, standard deviation, the most probable value, confidence interval and much more.
3.1. Formulas
Formula in Excel is a sequence of characters starting with an equal sign “=“. This character sequence can include constant values, cell references, names, functions, or operators. The result of the formula is a new value, which is displayed as the result of calculating the formula from existing data.
Panelformatting tools in Word 2003 it looks like this
just like in the Standard panel, consider all its buttons and windows.
- Format bar . Clicking on this button opens a whole panel of already prepared formatting styles.
You can also open the drop-down list of styles.
- Style list
. 
Looking at the formatting styles, you can see which indentation is done for numbered lines, which indentation is for marked lines. To format a paragraph or several selected paragraphs, just click on the corresponding line. And then the text fragment will have the same font, the same indentation, style, spacing, alignment, these styles will be called paragraph styles.
- Font . From the drop-down list, you can select any font installed on your system. The default font is Times New Roman.
- Choose font size . From the list, select the desired font size, if you do not have the required size, you can stand in the window and enter any integer from 1 to 1638. You can also enter fractional values: not 12, but 12.5, or 8.5. The default is 12 pins.
Now we will consider three buttons of styles:
- Bold, bold (Ctrl-B)
. Sets the character to bold, for example:
- Underline, underline (Ctrl-U) . Emphasizes words and spaces
Document workspaces are used to simplify sharing, creating and editing real-time documents with other users in Microsoft Office Word 2003, Microsoft Office Excel 2003, Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2003, or Microsoft Microsoft Office Visio 2003.
A separate style is considered to be superscript and subscript.
- Superscript, (Ctr-Shift- \u003d)
.
- Subscript, (Ctrl- \u003d)
.
Next are four alignment buttons:
- Left, (Ctrl-L) . Aligns the current paragraph to the left indent, this alignment is set by default, example:
Document workspaces are used to simplify sharing, creating and editing real-time documents with other users in Microsoft Office Word 2003, Microsoft Office Excel 2003, Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2003, or Microsoft Microsoft Office Visio 2003.
- Center, (Ctrl-E) . This button centers the current paragraph between indents,Document workspaces are used to simplify sharing, creating and editing real-time documents with other users in Microsoft Office Word 2003, Microsoft Office Excel 2003, Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2003, or Microsoft Microsoft Office Visio 2003.
- Right, (Ctrl-R) . Aligns a paragraph to the right indentation,Document workspaces are used to simplify sharing, creating and editing real-time documents with other users in Microsoft Office Word 2003, Microsoft Office Excel 2003, Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2003, or Microsoft Microsoft Office Visio 2003.
- Width, (Ctrl-J) . And this button aligns the paragraph both in the left indent and in the right,Document workspaces are used to simplify sharing, creating and editing real-time documents with other users in Microsoft Office Word 2003, Microsoft Office Excel 2003, Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2003, or Microsoft Microsoft Office Visio 2003.
- Line spacing . This button changes the distance between the lines (leading) in half-line increments.
In order to change the distance between the lines, you can select a value from the drop-down list or set the number manually by clicking on the More line and enter for example, a factor of 1.25 or 0.73.
- Default Numbered List . It numbers the selected paragraphs by inserting half-Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, and so on). At the beginning of each paragraph, puts numbers, aligns the text and indentes 0.63 cm. To the right of the left border of the numbers, for example:
Document workspaces are used to simplify sharing, creating and editing real-time documents with other users in Microsoft Office Word 2003, Microsoft Office Excel 2003, Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2003, or Microsoft Microsoft Office Visio 2003.
Typically, document workspaces are created by using e-mail to send a document as a common attachment.
When you use Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft PowerPoint, or Visio to open a local copy of the document that the workspace is based on, Microsoft Office periodically downloads local copy updates and makes them available using changes in the workspace.
- Default bullet list . This button places markers at the beginning of each selected paragraph, aligns the text with an indent of 0.63 cm to the right of the marker, for example:
In reading mode:
- unnecessary toolbars are removed;
- a document outline or a new sketch area is displayed, which allows you to quickly move between sections of the document;
- the document is automatically divided into pages and conveniently positioned on the screen, which facilitates viewing the document;
- you can select parts of a document to add notes or edit them.
- Increase Indent . Same thing, just right 1.27 cm.
Regardless of the type and purpose of the created document, users strive to arrange it professionally and effectively.
The menu commands are intended for registration of documents Format. However, it’s much faster and more convenient to format documents using the toolbar. Formatting In the windows of all applications, this panel is located under the standard toolbar and contains buttons for invoking basic formatting commands. Common panel items Formattingexcel 7.0 and PowerPoint 7.0 are described in the following table.
| Element | Title | Appointment |
| Font | Specify the type of font by selecting a value in the list or entering a name from the keyboard. | |
| Font size | Change the font size by selecting a value from the list or typing from the keyboard. | |
| Bold | Set a bold style. | |
| Italics | Setting the italic style. | |
| Underline | Underline characters. | |
| Left alignment | Specifies a way to align paragraphs so that the left edge of the paragraph is flat. | |
| Center Alignment | Align the paragraph to the center of the page. | |
| Justified | Specifies a way to align paragraphs so that both paragraph edges are flat. | |
| Right alignment | Specifies a way to align paragraphs so that the right edge of the paragraph is flat. | |
| Bulleted list | Insert before the selected paragraphs an enumeration character. |
In addition to the standard panel and the formatting panel, each application has several built-in toolbars, the display of which can be controlled. The display of panels is set in the dialog box Toolbars menu View.
To display any toolbar on the screen, in the dialog box Toolbars check the box next to the panel name. Users have the opportunity to independently create panels and include buttons in them at their own discretion.
The basic methods of creating text documents using the word processor Microsoft Word
When preparing text documents on a computer, three main groups of operations are used. Operations input allow you to translate the source text from its external form into electronic form, that is, into a file stored on a computer. Input does not necessarily mean typewriting using the keyboard. There are hardware tools that allow you to enter text by scanning a paper original, and image recognition programs to translate a document from a graphic image format to a text format.
Operations editing (edits) allow you to change an existing electronic document by adding or deleting fragments of it, rearranging parts of the document, merging several files into one, or, conversely, splitting a single document into several smaller ones. Input and editing when working on text are often performed in parallel.
When entering and editing is formed content text document. Decor document set operations formatting. Formatting commands let you determine exactly what the text will look like on the monitor screen or on paper after printing on the printer.
All electronic text documents require input and, usually, editing, but formatting the document is not always required.
Recall that those programs that are used only for entering and editing text are called text editors.If the document can be formatted in the program, then it is called word processor.
There are several ways to download Word software, just like any other Windows application.
1. In the taskbar, click on the "Start" button
In the menu that appears, select “Programs”
Choose Microsoft Word.
2. If there is a Word icon on the desktop, just double-click on this icon.
3. By pressing the button with the symbol W on the Quick Launch toolbar.
Page settings
After starting WinWord, a window opens with an empty text field. Before typing, you must set the page settings.
 |
Fig. Dialog box Page settings.
Second tab Paper size not only allows you to choose the paper size: standard or set your own custom size, as well as the orientation of the sheet: landscape or portrait.
Entering text and its design.
The text typed on the computer keyboard appears in the document window. As you type, it automatically "flows" to another line. And only when moving to a new paragraph, you must press the key Enter. Missing characters on the keyboard can be entered using the command Insert, Symbol. Having selected the desired symbol from the list of the dialog box, click on the button Paste.
Editing text as usual using keyboard keys Backspase, Delete. But Word has the ability to automatically correct typical typos. For example: capitalize first letters of sentences. A list of such replacements can be viewed in the command window Service, AutoCorrect. The same command allows you to use it to enter abbreviations. You can cancel AutoCorrect by unchecking the box in the “replace upon entry” line in this window.
Another option to use abbreviations is in the menu. Edit AutoText. With its help, you can quickly insert text fragments, pictures, tables into a document. To do this, you must:
Type and highlight the text that you want to enter for automatic insertion.
Call up the dialog box. AutoText and enter the name of the element when you enter which you want to get auto text
Click on the button Add.
Now, to insert an element from the list into the document, just type the name of the element at the cursor position and press F3. AutoText is immediately inserted instead of the element name.
You can make out the text by completing the set, or first set all the necessary parameters, and then type the text. Everything you need for the text is contained in the command menu Format. You can also use the buttons on the formatting toolbar to format text.
Text font options can be selected in the command dialog Format, Font and include:
Change the font and its size;
Color change;
Change of style;
Underline text
Apply effects to text.
To cancel all font selections and bring the fragment to the standard view, select the text and click CTRL -space.
When formatting a paragraph, you are dealing with a change in the structure and layout of paragraphs of text. This formatting includes:
Defining paragraph indents;
Alignment of the text (left, right, center);
Setting line spacing and paragraph spacing;
Apply borders and fills;
Position on the page.
All this can be done using the command Format, Paragraph.
If you fill out the text after typing, then you need to select the necessary fragments before setting the formatting options. There are many ways to highlight text in Word. The simplest of them are as follows:
1. holding the key Shift, move the cursor keys, the cursor in the desired direction;
2. place the mouse cursor at the beginning of the fragment, press the left mouse button, and without releasing it, drag the selection to the desired size. The text will be placed on a black background. To select all the text, you can use the menu command Edit, Select All.
Saving a file to disk
Having typed the text, you need to save it on the MD, for this you need to perform the following steps: open the menu File and select team Save, or use the button to save on the standard toolbar. If the file has not been saved before, a dialog box will appear on the screen, in which you must specify:
File name (if no name is specified, the first sentence and extension. DOC will be taken).
File type i.e. format in which you want to save your document. By default, it is saved as a Word document.
Folder. By default, it is saved in the My Documents folder.
Having specified all the necessary click on the button Save. For subsequent saving, it is convenient to use the button on the standard toolbar. The dialog box does not appear in this case.
Fig. Dialog box Saving a document.
Word has an autosave mode, when at a specified interval the document is saved to the safety copy.
Since they are displayed in Word by default and with them you can get quick access to most of the frequently used commands.
Create. By clicking on this button you can create a new blank document.
Open. This button opens a file already saved somewhere on the disk or other storage device. After clicking on the button, a window opens, usually the default folder is My Documents, in which you select the file to open. After finding the desired file, double-click, and the file starts to load.
You can upload multiple files by holding the Ctrl key, and then each file will be loaded into its own separate window.
Save. This command saves an existing document under its name, that is, saves the changes made to the document. If you have not given a name to the document, then Word will open a dialog box. Saving a documentin which it will be necessary to give a name to the new file. The same command can also be executed using the keyboard shortcut: Shift-F12. Remember this combination and click on it more often to avoid data loss when the computer suddenly shuts down.
Print. Prints all pages of the current document. Be careful as the printer prints everything. Let's say if you have 100 pages, then it will print 100 pages to you. If you are sure that you have one or two pages, and you want to print the entire document, then feel free to click on the button. If you want to print selectively, that is, individual pages, you should first open the File menu - Print. The following window will open:
In the upper window, the name of the printer is selected, if you have several, or on a local network. There are three positions in the Pages options: all - prints the entire document, this is the same if you click on the button on the Standard toolbar; current - that page of the document where the cursor is currently located; numbers - you can specify page numbers separated by commas, several pages separated by a dash or page number and a dash, that is, from this page to the end,
e.g. 1,2,5,9-11,16,21,33-.
In the Copy options, if there is a checkmark in the line collate, then the entire first copy will be printed first, then the entire second, and so on, if there is no checkmark, then all the first pages will be printed first, then all the second and so on.
When printing a document on two pages of a sheet, include the line Odd Pages.
After you print the odd pages, turn over the stack of papers and re-insert them in the printer tray to print even pages, and to avoid turning over the pages in Options, check the box in reverse order.
Print modes can be viewed by clicking on the Options ... button.
You can set the print quality in the window Printer Propertiesby clicking on the Properties button.
For each printer, the tabs on the printer properties window may look different. Here you can select color or black and white printing, slow printing with high resolution or fast printing with low resolution.
- Preview. Before you print a document, you need to view it, define the margins, edit it so that you don’t print twice later, which in turn will be an excess of paper, ink and time. There is a team for this Preview, which shows the document in the form in which it will be printed.
Spelling. Checks the spelling of the entire document or its selected part. Word is able to correct errors in the process of typing, it emphasizes unfamiliar words with a red line, and grammatical errors with a wavy green line.
To fix the error, just right-click on the word underlined with a red line and select the correct word from the dialog box and the error will immediately correct. For example, in the word Malo made a mistake, the program suggests choosing a suitable word from several words, and choosing the right word.
Word considers us so smart that it does not allow the thought that we can make as many as two mistakes in one word, here it is powerless, so try not to make more than one mistake in one word.
The underlined word can be correct, then it can be added to the dictionary, after which it will be recognized.
To cut . Using these scissors, we cut out the selected text or image from the document and put it on the Windows clipboard. The clipboard is a kind of storage where various data can be kept, of various formats for copying or moving. You can also cut using the keyboard shortcut: Ctrl-X
Copy. This button copies the selected text or image to the clipboard. Keyboard shortcut: Ctrl-C
Paste. until you have cut or copied a piece of text, the Paste button will be pale, that is, not active. And after the Cut or Copy commands, you can paste a piece of text or graphics from the clipboard to the place you need. Ctrl-V. You can also do inserts with one key - Ins. To do this, go to the menu Service-Options-Edit and check the box - use the INS key to insert.
- Copy format. Copy formatting and apply it to the selected text fragment. How it works? For example, if you typed a document, in this document you format a part of the text as you wish. If you want to format the text in another place in the document in the same way, then click the cursor to the place where the format is already executed, the cursor takes the form of a brush, then select the text fragment that you want to change, as a result, the whole design will change as in the sample.
Cancel. This command cancels the previous operation or key combination - Ctrl-Z. By clicking on this button several times, you can cancel as many operations as you like. a small triangle gives a drop-down list of command history. Choosing a particular line from the list, you can cancel several commands at once, or completely all actions.
Return . This button "cancels the cancellation", that is, scrolls the cancellation list in the opposite direction. Keyboard shortcuts: F4 or Ctrl-Y.
- Paste Hyperlink. In the hyperlink window, you must enter the path to the file on your disk, for example: C: \\ My documents \\ Letter.doc or the Internet address http://kursymaster.ru/word.php, after which the typed text will turn blue and underlined that is a sign of a text hyperlink. To start the link, you need to press the Ctrl key and click on the link, the contents of the file will open, if it exists or a page on the Internet.
Borders panel. Click on this button and the whole panel will open. Tables and Borders. Here you can draw a table yourself, add a table specifying the number of columns and rows, sort the table data s, fill with color, align table data vertically, perform auto-summation.