Additional symbols. Symbols on the keyboard using the Alt key


Many have seen unusual and beautiful symbols, decorating a name, message or page in in social networks, but only a few know where they come from.

In the operating system Windows symbols, which are not on the keyboard, are encrypted as numbers. Pressing a number in combination with the Alt key produces a special character that will change depending on the number.

Inserting hidden characters

Many people ask the question: “How to enter characters that are not on the keyboard?” This can be done different ways:

  • using a symbol table;
  • combinations of Alt with numbers;
  • copying from the Internet;
  • copying from text editing software ( Microsoft Office);
  • special online services.

symbol table

Above is a table of symbols that are not on the keyboard. With its help, you can easily insert the symbol you like into the text and copy it to social networks.

How to open a symbol table

Opening a symbol table is very simple. The first thing you need to do is click “Start” and enter the phrase “Symbol table” in the computer search window.

Next step: click on the found phrase.

The symbol table can be easily found by knowing its location in the system. The path is as follows:

  1. "Start".
  2. All programs.
  3. Standard.
  4. Service.
  5. Symbol table.

In order not to constantly perform many operations and mouse clicks, you can pin the link to the table on the “Taskbar” or in the “Start” menu. This is done like this: hover the cursor over the icon of the open program on the lower taskbar, press the right mouse button to open additional functions, then with the left mouse button you need to click on the penultimate line (pin the program).

Using the symbol table

In the table you can change the font, view help, and also copy any of the presented characters to the clipboard. To copy them, double-click on the one you like and click on the “Copy” button. To insert into text, you need to place the cursor in the part of the text in which you want to place the element, click on the "Insert" menu, called up with the right mouse button. Or do the same using Ctrl and V.

Additional Symbol Table Options

The functionality of the program in question contains additional parameters, to enable which you need to check the appropriate box. The checkbox is located under the "For copying" line. The main advantage of additional parameters is the presence of "Grouping". It allows you to search very quickly necessary element for inserting into text by category (monetary, punctuation, arrows, numeric, technical). For proper operation groupings should be Unicode ranges.

For example, you can take the infinity sign. To find it, you need to go to the group and select the desired category(for the infinity sign these are mathematical operators). Click on it double click and copy it to the clipboard.

Alt key and number combinations

In order for the symbol you need to appear on the screen, you need to click on the indicated number while holding down Alt. In order not to lose such a useful table, it is recommended to add it to your browser bookmarks or save it to your computer. For example, the combination of Alt and 1 produces the smiley symbol.

Copying from the Web

A very popular way to obtain the necessary characters that are not on the keyboard is to copy them from the Internet. This method is very simple and understandable for everyone, it consists of 2 steps:

  • finding the desired symbol or smiley by creating a request in search bar browser;
  • copy and paste to the desired location (text, message, status).

Symbols from Microsoft Office Word

You can find original symbols that are not on the keyboard in the very popular software from Microsoft Office Word. This method is similar to that described earlier. Its essence is that first we open Word program(it is installed on almost every computer), look for the “Insert” tab, and in the menu we find the “Insert Symbol” button. After this, a window appears with a huge number of various characters. In order to take a character you like from Word and paste it somewhere else, you need to paste the required character into blank sheet"Word", then select it and copy (copying can be done using the combination Ctrl keys and C).

Online services

Online services that provide the ability to quickly and conveniently select and copy your favorite symbol, emoticon or sign will help you diversify your page on VKontakte, tweets and posts on Facebook, and simply please your chat interlocutor.

Everything here is very simple and clear. Each button is a specific symbol. After clicking on any of them, the selected symbol appears in the window at the top. Below the window there are buttons with which you can change characters (font, size) or perform some action (copy, tweet, etc.). When you click Copy, the character(s) in the selection window are copied to your computer's clipboard. Only then does the user insert them into the message from the buffer.

Categories of hidden characters

All existing symbols that are not on the keyboard can be divided into the following categories:

  • numbers;
  • fractions;
  • Zodiac signs;
  • musical notes;
  • symbols representing weather or precipitation;
  • card;
  • chess;
  • snowflakes;
  • flowers;
  • emotions;
  • arrows;
  • others.

Today I'll tell you about Special symbols on keyboard. These are the icons and symbols that normal condition you will not find on the keyboard, and you can write them either by copying them from the symbol table, or using a special keyboard shortcut.

You can find a list of all existing symbols by going to "Start -> Accessories -> Symbol Table" (On earlier Windows versions: Start -> Accessories -> System Tools -> Character Table).

You can also open the Run window using the keyboard shortcut "Win+R" and enter the command charmap.

A new window will open showing all the symbols you can use in Windows. At the top you can select a font, in the middle the symbols themselves are presented, and below there is a special field that allows you to copy this symbol and use it in the future at your discretion.

With one click on the symbol we enlarge it so that it is better visible, and with a double click or through the select button, we add it to the field from where you can copy it through the “Copy” button.

If you were paying attention, this table did not contain Cyrillic characters. This is because they are presented in Unicode encoding - essentially a universal encoding for all languages. In order for the letters to become Cyrillic, you need to check the box at the bottom of the window " Extra options", and then select "Windows: Cyrillic" from the drop-down list. I would certainly not recommend doing this, because most of the characters will be hidden.

It is also possible to group symbols here. To do this, in the "Grouping" option, select "Unicode Ranges". A window will appear in which you can select a range. For example, monetary units.

By the way, if you don’t like opening the symbol table every time, you can use a special keyboard shortcut to insert symbols directly. To do this, you need to hold down the Alt key on your keyboard and then type special code from numbers. You can find it in the lower right corner of the symbol table window when selecting them.

There are several points here. The first is that not all icons have their own key combination, and the second is that you need to enter a code from numbers on an additional keyboard.

Here are examples of keyboard shortcuts and what characters you end up with.

And for the most delicious thing. Windows has its own symbol editor. Open the Run window and enter the command eudcedit.

An editor will open where you can draw your own character.

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Everyone can type text today. Even the most staunch opponents of new technologies know how to type symbols on the keyboard ( but they don't do it out of principle). After all, all that is required is to find the key with the desired letter or punctuation mark and press it with your finger:

But sometimes situations arise when the desired character is simply not on the keyboard. For example, a person writes a text about the temperature at the South Pole, but there is no symbol indicating degrees. In this case, not only a beginner, but also a fairly experienced user may become confused ( or the one who considers himself to be one).

But there is certainly a way out of this situation. When the characters on the keyboard do not meet the requirements, you must use other input methods. Some of them will be discussed in this article.

Why isn't everything on the keyboard?

If you look just below the monitor screen, you can see different symbols on the keyboard, which nevertheless look very familiar. They are used, oddly enough, for printing, and humanity has been interested in this activity for quite a long time.

Back in 1868, the typewriter was introduced to the world ( although they tried to do this a century earlier), the letters on it were arranged in alphabetical order, and it took people 22 years to eliminate this inconvenience. In turn, in 1890, the QWERTY layout appeared, which migrated to modern keyboards.

Thus, the composition and arrangement of the main symbols were developed over the years, and over time, humanity did not come up with something radically new in this regard, but only improved the old.

Why do keyboards remain the same, and there is no one who wants to make money on the newness? You need to understand that large companies producing equipment must focus on a wide audience, so the symbols and signs on the keyboard are designed for the most general needs. To understand manufacturers, it is necessary to define the categories of people who use computers.

  • Regular users. They need to go online, check their email and, in some cases, write small texts ( messages, announcements):


These people do not require additional characters on the keyboard, and even those that are there are too many.

  • Programmers:


Keyboard symbols include the basic reserved constructs of many programming languages ​​( &, |, #, (), etc.). Such popular and most widely used languages ​​as C, C++, Lisp, Java have an established syntax, which was initially partially adjusted to the symbols available on the keyboard. Therefore, if the standard layout changes significantly now, this will lead to significant inconvenience for programmers, and no one wants this.

  • Office workers. These comrades in most cases operate with numbers, so their needs closely intersect with those of programmers:


Mathematical operations, percentage and dollar signs are faithful companions of each report.

Needless to say, today everyone uses a computer, everywhere. In many cases, people need to enter characters that are not available on the keyboard. These could be some kind of scientific designations or simply more suitable means of display in a particular situation.

In order to accommodate all the known symbols, thousands of keyboards would be needed, but the keys have a remarkable property: they can be pressed several at a time. However, more on this later.

Special characters

We are accustomed to the fact that a character is something visual, but when formatting text it is often necessary to make indentations and line breaks, which are ignored by the browser when displayed. In this case, special characters are used. The keyboard does not have them, but in the html code you can, for example, write   , which will mean a non-breaking space.

Let's imagine another situation: you are writing an article about Internet technologies and want to give examples of tags html language. But here’s the problem: you know how to put the symbols ( not small anymore), but the browser treats the tags as tags and renders nothing. In this case, special symbols come to the rescue again.

Sometimes the authors of articles are faced with a complicated problem: how to write characters on the keyboard if there are none on it. The weak give up and use tricks, calling into words what they could not type. Initiates turn to special symbols and find what they need:


For example, 7 is the Jewish star; The symbol is not on the keyboard, but it is very useful when writing religious texts.

Character codes

The codes for special characters in the html language have already been discussed above, but there are other ways to show what is not shown on the keyboard keys.

First of all, we should mention encoding standards: ASCII, Unicode, UTF-8, which allow not only entering characters using the keyboard, but also setting them programmatically, when not the number 300 is displayed on the screen, but a beautiful heart ( if the encoding is set to ASCII).

There is a way to expand existing characters on the keyboard - ALT code. To enter characters this way, you don’t need to go to any special editor:


In order to know how to make symbols on the keyboard ( even those that are not there and that you don’t know about), just have a sign in front of your eyes and, holding down the alt key, enter a sequence of numbers.

How to enter something that is not on the keyboard?

For those who do not know how to make symbols on the keyboard that are not displayed on the keys, putting together everything mentioned above, there are several ways.

  • Take advantage of opportunities text editor. Programs such as Microsoft Word and its analogues offer a lot of possibilities beyond how to write symbols on the keyboard ( drawing up formulas, displaying physical units, choosing various styles punctuation marks). Therefore, you can safely type texts on any topic;
  • Special characters html. Not knowing how to put characters on the keyboard when publishing articles in World Wide Web, you can use the table of special characters. It will help display almost any known symbol, but you should choose common fonts ( Arial, Times).
  • Apply keyboard character codes. When editing text normally, you can hold down the alt key and enter a specific number sequence. If the screen output is programmed, then the characters are specified using their codes ( depending on the selected encoding).

In conclusion, it is worth noting that all secret symbols on the keyboard are not actually secret symbols. You can display anything by pressing a little more than one key, and information about character codes is available to all curious users.

Working on something new culinary recipe or by performing angular calculations in a simple text editor like standard notepad, the user may encounter quite logical question: how to put, for example, a degree sign, which, apparently, is not included in the standard layout? To solve this issue, use special third party programs not necessary at all. The QWERTY layout hides several tricks that are not written about in the operating instructions.

Where did the rest of the symbols go?

The existing sequence of letters and numbers on the keyboard was invented at the end of the century before last and still remains almost unchanged. Over the years, humanity has not invented anything radically new in this area. The question arises: why not come up with a new layout that would include more values?

Obviously, it will be quite problematic to place everything special signs on a regular keyboard, taking them into account great amount. However, to solve this problem, the developers came up with several simple ways, that allow expand the set printable characters. Who can benefit from this log?

  • To the people those involved in programming. Standard layout provides a sufficient set for special languages ​​that are used in this area (|, \, &, etc.). However, an HTML programmer often requires additional values ​​that a regular keyboard does not provide (for example, © is the icon indicating Copyright).
  • For employees office sector. Some computational operations or to indicate a special mathematical operation also require their own icon (± - plus/minus sign).
  • Ordinary users. It is unlikely that there are people left who would not be interested in how to print a “heart” or a cheerful emoticon☺.

Working with special characters

HTML special characters are mostly used in the field of programming. To display them correctly, it is advisable to choose the following standard fonts, like Arial or Times New Roman. This typology includes arithmetic signs, currency symbols, markers, arrows, Greek alphabet, etc. To display desired icon, use the specialized codes given in the table. Please note that all combinations are written in lowercase.

Alt codes

Another way to type a special character is to use alt codes. This method does not require auxiliary systems. To use it, need to be clamped alt button on the keyboard and sequentially enter the special digital combination, which will insert the required icon into the text.

As an example, here are a few alt codes. Hold alt and enter:

  • 8776 – approximately or approximately equal to (≈);
  • 197 – cross (┼)
  • 0134 – cross (†)
  • 24, 25, 26, 27 – arrows up, down, right and left (,↓,→,←)
  • 7 — Bold dot ( )
  • 42 – Asterisk (*)
  • 1, 2 – Emoticons (☺, ☻)
  • 0216 – Diameter (Ø). Enters into English layout.
  • 255 – Empty character (). Not to be confused with space.
  • 0176, 248 – Degrees (°)
  • 8381 and 01364 – Ruble sign (₽, Ք)
  • 0128 and 0136 – Euro (€). The code depends on the layout - the first is for English, the second is for Russian
  • 9742, 9743 – Telephone (☎, ☏)
  • 10122 – 10131 – numbers from 1 to 10 in a black circle (➊ ​​– ➓)
  • 10112 – 10121 – numbers from 1 to 10 in a white circle (➀ – ➉)
  • 0177 – plus or minus (±)
  • 8734 – infinity (∞)
  • 960 – Pi icon (π)
  • 0216 – crossed out O (Ø). In English layout

You can also use the table to find the desired value.

operating room Windows system provides a special built-in program with which you can display characters that are not on the keyboard. To find it on your device, follow any of the following instructions:


This program allows you to see everything hidden signs. In order to transfer a character into text, you just need to copy it, for example, using the clipboard or using a special “copy/paste” key combination.

Often, when first getting acquainted with a personal computer, the user has a question about what characters are on the keyboard and how to enter them. Within the framework of this article, each group of keys will be described in detail, indicating its purpose. A method for entering non-standard characters using ASCII codes will also be outlined. This material is of greatest interest to those who work with a text editor, such as Microsoft Word or another similar application (OpenOffice Writer).

Functional set

Let's start with There are 12 of them on the keyboard. They are located in the top row. Their purpose depends on open application V this moment time. Usually a hint is displayed at the bottom of the screen, and these are the most frequently performed operations in this program (for example, creating a directory in Norton Commander is “F7”).

Keys and register

A special group of keys are keys. They control the operation mode of another part of the keyboard. The first one is “ Caps Lock" It changes the case of letters. By default, lowercase characters are entered. If we press once given key, then when you press the keys will appear. This is the simplest and convenient way how to put characters on the keyboard with different case. The second key is "Num Lock". It is used to toggle the numeric keypad. When it is turned off, it can be used for navigation. But when turned on, it works like this: regular calculator. The last key of this group is “ Scroll Lock" It is used in table processors. When it is inactive, it moves through the cells, and when it is turned on, the sheet scrolls.

Control

Separately, it is worth considering the control keys. First of all, these are arrows. They move the cursor one position left, right, up and down. There is also page navigation: “PgUp” (page up) and “PgDn” (page down). To go to the beginning of the line use “Home”, to the end - “End”. The control keys include “Shift”, “Alt” and “Ctrl”. Their combination switches the keyboard layout (this depends on the settings operating system).

While holding “Shift”, the case of the entered characters changes and it becomes possible to enter auxiliary characters. For example, let's find out how to type characters from this set on the keyboard. Let's enter "%". To do this, hold down “Shift” and “5”. The set of auxiliary characters depends on the active keyboard layout at the current time. That is, some characters are available in the English layout, and others are available in the Russian layout.

We pay attention to the symbols that are on the keyboard. Deleting a character on the left is "Backspace" and on the right is "Del". "Enter" - go to new line. Another one special key- this is "Tab". In a table, it provides a transition to the next cell, and at the end adds new line. For text, pressing it causes an “increased” indentation between characters to appear. And in file manager pressing it leads to a transition to another panel.

Basic set

The main set depends on the active layout at the current time. It can be Russian or English. Switching between them is carried out using the combinations “Alt” + “Shift” on the left or “Ctrl” + “Shift”. The selected combination is determined in the operating system settings. You can find out the active combination by selection. That is, we click the first of them and look at the state language bar(located in the lower right corner of the screen). If a language change has occurred, it means that this is the combination we need (for example, from “En” to “Ru” or vice versa). The first one is installed by default.

The alphabetic characters on the keyboard are located in its central part and are divided into three rows. The more often a symbol is used, the closer it is to the center, the less often it is used, the further away it is from it. That is, the letters are distributed not alphabetically, but according to At first, it is difficult to get used to this principle of organizing the distribution of characters, but the more you work, the more you get used to it and understand that it is really convenient. One more nuance that needs to be taken into account. For short-term switching between capital and uppercase letters, it is better to use “Shift”, and for long-term typing - “Caps Lock”.

Numeric keypad

Another required component of such input devices is a numeric keypad. It is located on the right side of it. It has two modes of operation: input and navigation. In the first case, characters are typed on the keyboard (these are numbers and basic mathematical operations). This is convenient when working with large A; in the second option, the keys for moving the cursor and page navigation. That is, arrows for moving the marker, “PgUp”, “PgDn”, “Home” and “End” - all this is present here.

Switching between them is done using the “Num Lock” key. When it is turned off (the LED is inactive), navigation works, and when turned on, digital dialing works. If necessary, you can install desired mode work after loading personal computer in the BIOS (this is best done by advanced users, since beginners may have problems with this operation).

Punctuation marks

Punctuation marks on the keyboard are concentrated mostly near the right “Shift” key. This is a period and a comma. Also in the English version of the layout there are other symbols (colon, question mark and exclamation marks) are on the main numeric keypad, which is located immediately below function keys. To enter them, briefly hold down “Shift” and together with it the corresponding button.

About what doesn't exist

But what about the characters that are not on the keyboard? Is there any way to get them? The answer to this question is yes. There are two ways to type such characters. The first of them involves the use of text Word editor. After launching it, go to the “Insert” toolbar and select “Symbol” there. In the list that opens, select “Others”. Then a special input window will open. Here, using the navigation keys, find the desired symbol and press “Enter”.

Additional characters on the keyboard can be typed in another way - using ASCII codes. This works in all Windows applications - a major plus. The downside is that it uses a lot of code that you need to remember. First, let's find out digital code the sign we need on the official website of Microsoft Corporation or in any other source where there is a corresponding table, and remember it. Then we go to the application we need.

Be sure to turn on “Num Lock”, hold down “Alt” and on the numeric keypad on the right, sequentially type the code found in the previous step. At the end, you need to release “Alt” and after that the desired symbol must appear. For example, to enter “ ”, use the combination “Alt” + “9829”. This is convenient to use for non-standard

Designs text messages in chat or pages on social networks. After all, it is much more convenient to remember a non-standard record than a regular one. And this decision just contributes to this.

Results

Within the framework of this material, all the characters on the keyboard that exist today were described. The purpose of all keys is indicated and practical examples work. It also shows a working methodology that allows you to go beyond the usual set of characters using ASCII codes. All this together will help the novice user to thoroughly understand the operation of the keyboard and understand the basic principles of the functioning of a personal computer.


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