What is sata 2. eSATA - what is it? Types and kinds of eSATA
SATA (Serial ATA)- serial interface for data exchange with information storage devices. SATA is a development of the parallel interface, which after the appearance of SATA was renamed to PATA (Parallel ATA). - data loop connector. HDD data loop connector -
Description of SATA
SATA uses a 7-pin connector instead of PATA's 40-pin connector. The SATA cable has a smaller area, due to which the resistance to air blowing over the computer components is reduced, and the wiring inside the system unit is simplified.
SATA cable due to its shape is more resistant to multiple connections. The SATA power cord is also designed with multiple connections in mind. The SATA power connector supplies 3 supply voltages: +12 V, +5 V and +3.3 V; however, modern devices can operate without a voltage of +3.3 V, which makes it possible to use a passive adapter from a standard IDE to SATA power connector. A number of SATA devices come with two power connectors: SATA and Molex.
The SATA standard has abandoned the traditional PATA connection of two devices per cable; each device relies on a separate cable, which eliminates the problem of the impossibility of simultaneous operation of devices located on the same cable (and the resulting delays), reduces possible assembly problems (there is no problem of Slave / Master devices conflict for SATA), eliminates the possibility of errors when using non-deterministic PATA- loops.
The SATA standard supports the command queue function (NCQ since SATA Revision 2.x).
The SATA standard does not provide for hot swapping of an active device (used by the Operating System) (up to SATA Revision 3.x); additionally connected disks must be disconnected gradually - power supply, ribbon cable, and connected in reverse order - ribbon cable, power supply.
SATA connectors
SATA devices use two connectors: 7-pin (data bus connection) and 15-pin (power connection). The SATA standard provides the ability to use a standard 4-pin Molex connector instead of a 15-pin power connector. Using both types of power connectors at the same time may damage the device.
The SATA interface has two data channels, from controller to device and from device to controller. For signal transmission, LVDS technology is used, the wires of each pair are shielded twisted pairs.
There is also a 13-pin SATA combo connector used in servers, mobile and portable devices for slim CD / DVD drives. Devices are connected using a SATA Slimline ALL-in-One Cable. Consists of a combined connector of a 7-pin connector for connecting the data bus and a 6-pin connector for connecting the device's power supply. In addition, a special adapter is used in the servers to connect to these devices.
Using http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/SATA
The most interesting comments on the colors of the SATA power connector cable:
RU2012:“Adapters are available to convert a 4-pin Molex connector to a SATA power connector. However, since the 4-pin Molex connectors do not provide 3.3V, these adapters only provide 5V and 12V power and leave the 3.3V lines disconnected. This prevents these adapters from being used with drives that require 3.3V power supply - orange wire.
With this in mind, hard drive manufacturers have largely left support for the 3.3V orange power cable option in their storage devices - line power is not used in most devices.
WITHOUT POWER OF 3.3 V (orange wire), THE SATA DEVICE MAY NOT BE HOT CONNECTING A DISK ... "- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA
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Users often ask what is SATA and how it differs from ATA (IDE). In this article, we will look at the SATA interface and all of its key features.
SATA is an interface that is used to connect a variety of storage devices. For example, SATA cables are used to connect drives and other storage devices. The SATA cable is a red ribbon approximately 1 cm wide. Thanks to these features, it cannot be confused with other interfaces, such as ATA (IDE).
ATA (IDE) is the interface that was used to connect hard drives before the SATA interface. Unlike SATA, ATA is a parallel interface. The ATA (IDE) cable consists of 40 conductors, which is why it was wider. Several of these loops in the system unit significantly deteriorated the cooling efficiency, which was one of the problems of the ATA interface.
In addition to the thinner cable, the new SATA interface received other advantages over its predecessor. One of these advantages is the speed of information transfer.
The maximum data transfer rate on the ATA bus is 133 MB / s, and this is a purely theoretical value. The introduction of the SATA interface did not bring much speed gain. The first version of the SATA 1.0 interface could transfer data at a speed of 150 MB / s. But subsequent versions of the interface were already much faster than the fastest version of the ATA interface (Ultra ATA (UDMA / 133)). So, SATA 2.0 can transfer data at a speed of 300 MB / s, and SATA 3.0 as much as 600 MB / s.
Another advantage of SATA is its greater versatility compared to the older ATA (IDE) interface. For example, using the SATA interface, you can connect external devices. To simplify the connection of external devices, a special version of the interface was developed - eSATA (External SATA).
The eSATA interface has received a "hot swap" mode, more reliable connectors and an increased cable length. These improvements make eSATA convenient for connecting a variety of external devices. A separate cable must be used to power the connected eSATA devices. In future versions of the interface, it is planned to introduce power directly into the eSATA cable.
The different key types are labeled on or near the end pins of the (gold-plated) M.2 SSD and on the M.2 connector.
The figure below shows M.2 SSD keys on M.2 SSDs and compatible M.2 slots with slots that allow you to insert drives into the corresponding slots:
Note that M.2 SSDs with key B have a different number of end pins (6) compared to M.2 SSDs with M key (5); This asymmetric design avoids the error of placing an M.2 SSD with key B into slot M, and vice versa.
What do the different keys mean?
M.2 SSDs with Key B end pins can support SATA and / or PCIe depending on the device, but are limited to PCIe x2 speeds (1000MB / s) on the PCIe bus.
M.2 SSDs with M key end pins can support SATA and / or PCIe protocol depending on the device and support PCIe x4 speed (2000MB / s) on the PCIe bus if the host system also supports x4 mode.
M.2 SSDs with B + M key end pins can support SATA and / or PCIe depending on the device, however are limited to x2 speed on the PCIe bus.
More details
What M.2 and connector configurations are not compatible?
SSD Key M.2 Key B Key M
SSD SSD edge connector - B Key SSD edge connector - M Key
Incompatible sockets Not Compatible Sockets - B Key Not Compatible Sockets - M Key
What are the benefits of having a B + M key on an M.2 SSD?
B + M keys on M.2 SSDs provide cross-compatibility with different motherboards and also support the corresponding SSD protocol (SATA or PCIe). The host connectors on some motherboards may be designed to accommodate M key SSDs only or B keys only SSDs are designed to address this issue; however, plugging an M.2 SSD into the slot does not guarantee it will work, it depends on the common protocol between the M.2 SSD and the motherboard.
What types of M.2 SSD host connectors are found on motherboards?
M.2 host connectors can be B key or M key based. They can support both SATA and PCIe protocol. Conversely, they can only support one of the two protocols.
If the SSD end pins are B + M keyed, they will physically fit into any host connector, however, the motherboard / system manufacturer's specification must be consulted to ensure protocol compatibility.
How do I know how long a M.2 SSD my motherboard supports?
You should always consult your motherboard / system manufacturer's information to verify supported card lengths, however most motherboards support 2260, 2280, and 22110. Many motherboards have a relocatable retention screw that allows the user to install a 2242, 2260, 2280, or even 22100 M.2 SSD ... The amount of space on the system board limits the size of the M.2 SSDs that can be installed in the slot and used.
What does "socket 1, 2 or 3" mean?
The various connector types are part of the specification and are used to support special types of devices in the connector.
Socket 1 is designed for Wi-Fi, Bluetooth®, NFC and WI Gig
Socket 2 is for WWAN, SSD (cache) and GNSS
Socket 3 is for SSDs (SATA and PCIe, up to x4 speed)
Does Socket 2 support both WWAN and SSD?
If the system has and does not use Socket 2 to support a WWAN card, it can be used for an M.2 SSD (usually a compact form factor such as a 2242) if it has Key B. The M.2 SATA SSD can be inserted into compatible WWAN slots if your motherboard supports it. Typically small capacity M.2 2242 SSDs are used for caching in conjunction with a 2.5-inch hard drive. In any case, you should consult the system documentation to check M.2 support.
Is it possible to hot plug an M.2 SSD?
No, M.2 SSDs are not hot-pluggable. M.2 SSD can only be installed or removed when the system is powered off.
What are single-sided and double-sided M.2 SSDs?
For some embedded systems with limited space, the M.2 specifications provide different thicknesses for M.2 SSDs - 3 single-sided versions (S1, S2, and S3) and 5 double-sided versions (D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5). Some platforms may have specific requirements due to space constraints under the M.2 slot, see figure below (proprietary to LSI).
The Kingston SSDM.2 is compliant with double-sided M.2 specifications and can be installed on most motherboards that are compatible with double-sided M.2 SSDs; Please contact your sales representative if you require a single-sided SSD for embedded systems.
What's planned for the future?
Next-generation M.2 PCIe SSDs will move from using the old AHCI drivers now built into operating systems to a new architecture using the new Non-Volatile Memory Express (NVMe) host interface. NVMe has been designed from the ground up to support NAND-based SSDs (and possibly newer non-volatile memory) and delivers even higher levels of performance. Preliminary production testing shows that its speeds are 4-6 times faster than modern SATA 3.0 SSDs.
It is expected to start rolling out in 2015 in the corporate space and then migrate to client systems. As the industry prepares the ecosystem for the release of NVMe SSDs, beta drivers already exist on many operating systems.
Hello! In we have examined in detail the device of the hard disk, but I did not specifically say anything about the interfaces - that is, the methods of interaction between the hard disk and the rest of the computer's devices, or, more specifically, the methods of interaction (connection) of the hard disk and the computer.
Why didn't he? And because this topic is worthy of a volume no less than a whole article. Therefore, today we will analyze in all details the most popular hard disk interfaces at the moment. I'll make a reservation right away that an article or a post (as it is more convenient for anyone) this time will have impressive dimensions, but unfortunately there is no way to go without it, because if you write it briefly, it will be completely incomprehensible.
Computer hard disk interface concept
First, let's define an interface. In simple terms (namely, I will use it as much as possible, because the blog is designed for ordinary people, such as you and me), interface - the way devices interact with each other and not only devices. For example, many of you have probably heard about the so-called "friendly" interface of any program. What does it mean? This means that the interaction between a person and a program is easier, which does not require much effort on the part of the user, in comparison with a "not friendly" interface. In our case, the interface is simply a way of interaction between the hard drive and the computer's motherboard. It is a set of special lines and a special protocol (a set of data transfer rules). That is, purely physically, it is a loop (cable, wire), on both sides of which there are inputs, and on the hard disk and the motherboard there are special ports (places where the cable is connected). Thus, the concept of an interface includes a connecting cable and ports located on the devices it connects.
Well, now the most "juice" of today's article, let's go!
Types of interaction between hard drives and the computer motherboard (types of interfaces)
So, first in line we will have the most "ancient" (80s) of all, in modern HDDs it is no longer to be found, this is the IDE interface (aka ATA, PATA).
IDE- translated from English "Integrated Drive Electronics", which literally means "built-in controller". It was only later that the IDE began to be called an interface for data transfer, since the controller (located in the device, usually in hard drives and optical drives) and the motherboard had to be connected with something. It (IDE) is also called ATA (Advanced Technology Attachment), it turns out something like "Advanced Technology Attachment". The fact is that ATA - Parallel Data Interface, for which soon (literally right after the release of SATA, which will be discussed below) it was renamed PATA (Parallel ATA).
What can I say, although the IDE was very slow (the bandwidth of the data transfer channel was from 100 to 133 megabytes per second in different versions of the IDE - and that is purely theoretically, in practice much less), but it allowed simultaneously connecting two devices to the motherboard , while using one loop.
Moreover, in the case of connecting two devices at once, the line bandwidth was divided in half. However, this is far from the only drawback of the IDE. The wire itself, as can be seen from the figure, is wide enough and when connected will take up the lion's share of the free space in the system unit, which will negatively affect the cooling of the entire system as a whole. All in all IDE is already deprecated morally and physically, for this reason, the IDE connector is no longer found on many modern motherboards, although until recently they were still installed (in the amount of 1 piece) on budget motherboards and on some motherboards in the middle price segment.
The next interface, no less popular than the IDE at one time, is SATA (Serial ATA), a characteristic feature of which is serial data transmission. It should be noted that at the time of this writing, it is the most widespread for use in a PC.
There are 3 main variants (revisions) of SATA, differing from each other in bandwidth: rev. 1 (SATA I) - 150 Mb / s, rev. 2 (SATA II) - 300 Mb / s, rev. 3 (SATA III) - 600 Mb / s. But this is only in theory. In practice, the read / write speed of hard disks usually does not exceed 100-150 Mb / s, and the remaining speed is not yet in demand and only affects the speed of interaction between the controller and the HDD cache (increases the speed of access to the disk).
Among the innovations, we can note - backward compatibility of all SATA versions (a disk with a SATA rev. 2 connector can be connected to a motherboard with a SATA rev. 3 connector, etc.), improved appearance and convenience of connecting / disconnecting the cable, increased in comparison with IDE cable length (1 meter maximum, versus 46 cm for IDE interface), support NCQ functions starting from the first revision. I hasten to please the owners of old devices that do not support SATA - there are PATA to SATA adapters, this is a real way out of the situation, allowing you to avoid wasting money on buying a new motherboard or a new hard drive.
Also, unlike PATA, the SATA interface provides for "hot swapping" of hard drives, which means that when the power supply of the computer's system unit is turned on, you can connect / disconnect hard drives. True, to implement it, you will need to dig a little in the BIOS settings and enable the AHCI mode.
Next in line - eSATA (External SATA)- was created in 2004, the word "external" means that it is used to connect external hard drives. Supports " hot swap"disks. The length of the interface cable is increased compared to SATA - the maximum length is now as much as two meters. eSATA is not physically compatible with SATA, but has the same bandwidth.
But eSATA is far from the only way to connect external devices to your computer. For example Firewire- serial high-speed interface for connecting external devices, including HDD.
Supports hot swapping of hard drives. In terms of bandwidth, it is comparable to USB 2.0, and with the advent of USB 3.0 it even loses in speed. However, it still has an advantage - FireWire is able to provide isochronous data transfer, which contributes to its use in digital video, since it allows data transfer in real time. FireWire is undoubtedly popular, but not as popular as USB or eSATA, for example. It is rarely used to connect hard drives; in most cases, various multimedia devices are connected using FireWire.
USB (Universal Serial Bus) is perhaps the most common interface used to connect external hard drives, flash drives and solid state drives (SSD). As in the previous case - there is support for "hot swapping", a rather large maximum length of the connecting cable - up to 5 meters in case of using USB 2.0, and up to 3 meters - if using USB 3.0. Probably, you can make a longer cable length, but in this case, the stable operation of the devices will be questionable.
The data transfer rate of USB 2.0 is about 40 Mb / s, which is generally a low figure. Yes, of course, for ordinary daily work with files, a bandwidth of 40 Mb / s is enough for your eyes, but as soon as it comes to working with large files, you will inevitably start looking towards something faster. But it turns out there is a way out, and its name is USB 3.0, the bandwidth of which, compared to its predecessor, has increased 10 times and is about 380 Mb / s, that is, almost like SATA II, even a little more.
There are two types of USB cable pins, type "A" and type "B", located on opposite ends of the cable. Type "A" - controller (motherboard), type "B" - connected device.
USB 3.0 (Type "A") is compatible with USB 2.0 (Type "A"). Types "B" are not compatible with each other, as can be seen from the figure.
Thunderbolt(Light Peak). In 2010, Intel demonstrated the first computer with this interface, and a little later, the equally famous Apple company joined Intel in support of Thunderbolt. Thunderbolt is quite cool (well, otherwise, Apple knows what is worth investing in), is it worth talking about its support of such features as: the notorious "hot swap", simultaneous connection with several devices at once, really "huge" data transfer speed (20x faster than USB 2.0).
The maximum cable length is only 3 meters (apparently more is not needed). Nevertheless, despite all the listed advantages, Thunderbolt is not yet "mainstream" and is used mainly in expensive devices.
Move on. Next in line we have a couple of very similar interfaces - SAS and SCSI. Their similarity lies in the fact that both of them are used mainly in servers where high performance and the shortest possible access time to the hard disk are required. However, there is also a downside to the coin - all the advantages of these interfaces are offset by the cost of the devices that support them. Hard drives that support SCSI or SAS are orders of magnitude more expensive.
SCSI(Small Computer System Interface) - a parallel interface for connecting various external devices (not only hard drives).
It was developed and standardized even slightly earlier than the first version of SATA. Recent versions of SCSI have hot-swap support.
SAS(Serial Attached SCSI), which replaced SCSI, had to solve a number of shortcomings of the latter. And I must say - he succeeded. The fact is that because of its "parallelism" SCSI used a common bus, so only one of the devices could work with the controller at a time, SAS was free from this drawback.
In addition, it is backward compatible with SATA, which is undoubtedly a big plus. Unfortunately, the cost of hard drives with SAS interface is close to the cost of SCSI hard drives, but there is no way to get rid of this, you have to pay for the speed.
If you are not tired yet, I suggest considering another interesting way to connect HDD - NAS(Network Attached Storage). Network-attached storage systems (NAS) are very popular nowadays. In fact, this is a separate computer, a kind of mini-server responsible for storing data. It connects to another computer via a network cable and is controlled from another computer through a regular browser. All this is necessary in cases where a large disk space is required, which is used by several people at once (in the family, at work). Data from the NAS is transmitted to users' computers either via a regular cable (Ethernet) or using Wi-Fi. In my opinion, a very handy thing.
I think that's all for today. I hope you enjoyed the material, I suggest subscribing to blog updates so as not to miss anything (form in the upper right corner) and we will meet you in the next blog articles.
The SATA 1 interface is almost forgotten, but the generations that have replaced it periodically force us to think about the issue of SATA 2 and SATA 3 compatibility. As a rule, this issue is relevant for SSD solid-state drives and the latest HDD models connected to old motherboards. In this case, there is a question about the backward compatibility of components, many users wanting to save money, as a rule, do not want to pay attention to the loss of performance. The situation is the same with - the connector can be connected to both SATA 2 and SATA 3, and the equipment does not complain about this in any way, so we plug it in - and everything works.
The difference between SATA 3 and SATA 2 in terms of construction - absent. SATA 2 is a data exchange interface with a maximum speed of up to 3 Gb / s, SATA 3 can quite double the speed - up to 6 Gb / s.
If we take an ordinary hard disk drive HDD, then plugging it into a SATA 3 motherboard, there will not be much difference in compared to SATA 2... It's all about the mechanics of the hard drive - it cannot provide a high data transfer rate, and the actual maximum can be considered a speed of 200-250 Mb / s - this is given that the maximum bandwidth is 300 Mb / s or 3 Gb / s. Therefore, production hard drives with SATA 3 Is nothing more than a commercial move. Such a drive can be connected to the sat 2 port and not notice the loss of data exchange rate.
A different situation is with SSD devices, which, as a rule, are only available with a SATA 3 interface, but they can also be connect to SATA 2 port... In this case, the speed of reading and writing is significantly lower than those declared by the manufacturer on 50-70% ... Therefore, the application SSD on older motherboards with the SATA 2 interface, from the point of view of speeding up work - not rational. Mechanical stability and low power consumption can be beneficial, but these 2 benefits are only relevant for portable devices - laptops, netbooks, slimbooks or ultrabooks. Although, on the other hand, an SSD, due to its technological features, will work faster than a hard disk even when connected to a slow interface, losing more than half of the maximum possible data transfer rate.
SATA 3 works on higher frequenciesthan the 2nd version, sodelays are decreasing, and even a SATA 3 solid-state drive connected to the SATA 2 port will work faster than a SATA 2 hard drive. However, an ordinary user will be able to notice the difference only when testing or running Windows, during normal work with applications the difference is almost imperceptible.
Not a critical, but significant difference between SATA 3 and SATA 2 is the improved power management of the device. This improvement is especially true for portable devices.
The difference between SATA 2 and SATA 3 is as follows:
- The bandwidth of the SATA 3 interface reaches 6 Gb / s, and SATA 2 reaches 3 Gb / s.
- For hard drives, SATA 3 can be considered useless.
- When working with a SATA 3 SSD, it provides high data transfer speeds.
- The SATA 3 interface operates at a higher frequency.
- The SATA 3 interface theoretically provides improved device power management.