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C++ is a compiled, high-level programming language. Can be used in most applications. Intended for the development of various applications. Today it is one of the most popular and famous languages.

Video lesson:

C++ is based on the C language, which was actively developed back in 1969-1973. The company was responsible for the development Bell Labs led by chief developer Dennis Ritchie. Ten years later, Danish programmer Bjarne Stroustrup, who was once a C developer, releases an expanded version of the language called C++. At the beginning of its journey, C++ was just an extension, a kind of addition to C, which expanded the capabilities of OOP. Stroustrup himself initially viewed language merely as “ C with classes ».

C++ was born in 1983. Although it was not a full-fledged language, but only a branch of C, it still had a number of useful functions. Thanks to them, programmers were able to develop applications faster and easier. With the release of C++, a number of now common concepts appeared in the world:

Initiating classes with objects in OOP;
The principle of inheritance;
Unloading or deleting functions from memory;
Virtual work functions;
Exception system and much more.

It will be interesting: C remains popular to this day even despite the development of C++ and its dominant position last language in the field of functionality. Why is an older and less developed language popular even today? It's simple - transfer programs to new language- quite a costly and time-consuming undertaking. Some companies simply go with the flow and continue to support their C programs.

On the Internet, many experts give advice that it is better to start learning C-like languages with C. They say that this is the only way to better understand the essence of C++. In reality, this is a wrong opinion. If you start learning with C++, the developer will gain knowledge about newer and more modern features of the language. If the need ever arises to switch to C, it will not require much time and effort. Even the very fact of the need to switch to a rather old C already raises serious doubts.

But if you still want to learn C before C++, we suggest you watch a large video lesson in which you can get acquainted with this language:

Soon after the release of C++, the language began to conquer various areas of programming. Gradually, more and more new functions were introduced into it, which increasingly distanced it from the role of an addition to C. Years later, it was no longer considered a continuation or extension and the time came to completely separate from C, and that’s when the language was called C++. Since then, the paths of the languages diverged, they became independent ( as much as possible).

Today C++- it is functional and powerful language, who inherited a lot from Xi key capabilities on memory management. For this reason, it is actively used in system programming.

Several areas of use:

Development operating systems. Even Windows itself is predominantly C++ based;
Driver creation;
Writing programs from scratch;
Development and support of antivirus applications and other things.

C++ has gone far beyond just systems programming. He can participate in the creation of applications of all levels, in which there is an emphasis on speed and work under high loads. Used for forming graphic editors and applied applications.

There are a lot of game engines designed to visualize huge game world, are based on C++. In recent years, more and more mobile applications use given language. Even in the web there is a place for this language. All kinds of web applications actively use C++, not necessarily as a basis, maybe just for implementation auxiliary functions, but the fact remains a fact. To summarize: it is harder to find areas in which C++ cannot be used than where this language is used.

C++ is a compiled language, meaning the compiler modifies C++ code, converting it into machine language using predefined instructions. All platforms differ in some features, which is why it is impossible to take and transfer a program from one to another platform. More precisely, you can transfer it, but it won’t run there. Wherein source Applications are predominantly portable. The only exception is the use of specific features of a particular OS.

C++ has compilers and tools for working with code on most well-known platforms. This allows you to compile sources for any platform.

C++ supports writing programs in OOP style, which C does not. In this case, the application becomes just a set of classes, objects that are able to interact with other code elements. This helps in developing large applications.

How did C++ develop step by step?

C++ development steps:

1979-1980 - C++ appeared and was positioned as a C language with additional classes;
1983 - the language began to be called, as we are all accustomed to, C++;
1985 - release of a commercial version of C++. The first paper book appeared in the same year. C++ programming language ", it included a description of the functions, capabilities and rules for using the language;
1989 - the second version of the language with expanded capabilities was released;
From 1990 to 2011 - slow development and addition of functionality. It is also worth mentioning that in 1998 they first tried to standardize the language. That standard was later called ISO/IEC 14882:1998, today - C++98. In 2003, the next version of the C++03 standard appeared;
2011 - the publication of the C++11 standard, there were really many innovations in it. The update enriched the language with an abundance of useful features;
2014 - release of a relatively small addition to previous version standard It was nicknamed C++14;
2017 - the last major release of the language.

Programming environments, compilers

To write a program in C++, a compiler is required, which transforms the original code into one suitable for execution in a file. Today there are an innumerable number of compilers. They differ in a lot of parameters, including the way the standards are implemented. At the compiler selection stage, it is better to choose those that are constantly supported and updated.

To work with C++, you need to install a development environment. You can install any environment convenient for you or even use an online compiler. Among the most popular development environments are:

1. On your own

If you have iron willpower and a burning desire to become a programmer, then you can achieve your goal through self-education. This is not the easiest or shortest path: you will have to understand the information chaos yourself and fight procrastination. But you can study at a convenient time for relatively little money or for free.

The easiest way to start is with interactive online courses. There are many on the Internet whose materials clearly explain the basics of programming and set the direction for further development. Special attention focus on those courses that teach using examples of real projects, that is, they tell you step by step how to create specific program or website.

Platform with free courses for web development freeCodeCamp

Remember that you won't succeed without practice. Study in project-oriented courses and try to write programs and websites based on them yourself. Look for lectures on YouTube about projects that you would like to develop. First, copy other people's work and analyze it. Then try to move away from the original, experiment, change individual elements until you can create something unique.

In addition to courses and video lectures, there is official documentation available on language websites, and. Once you understand the basics, look for the latest publications with the subtitle Best Practices for your chosen programming language. Such books contain best tricks development.

Be sure to set a goal to create your own project and constantly work on it.

This will help you consolidate your knowledge and understand what information you still lack. Your skills will develop along with the project. When you finish it, work on a new one - more difficult.

If you have any difficulties during the learning or development process, you can always turn to programming communities like Toaster and Stack Overflow for any question. For example, they will help you solve a problem, choose good course or point out errors in the code.

Questions and answers service on technological topics “Toaster”

It is convenient to hone your skills on special platforms where you can compete with other programmers, solving various practical problems using code. Such services include Codewars, TopCoder and HackerRank.

If you feel that your development has reached a dead end, or want to speed up your learning, try the following options.

2. With the help of a mentor

A mentor is a personal mentor who points out mistakes, warns about pitfalls, and helps chart a course of study. Useful advice, received in right moment, can save you a lot of problems and save a lot of time. Therefore, a mentor will not hurt anyone.

Find out if any of your friends are developers. Perhaps one of them will want to help you. If you don’t know such people, you can look for them in programming communities. For example, on the same “Toaster”. Only mentoring services are not cheap, and for nothing you spend a lot of time on strangers no one wants to.

3. Teachers of “live” courses

Distance and face-to-face courses with teachers who teach programmers from scratch have become incredibly popular for last years. In this format you will also have to work a lot on your own. But you will study according to a professionally prepared program, and the solutions to the problems will be checked by a living person. The disadvantages of the courses include the high cost of training.

Popular Russian-language online platforms that provide systematic training for programmers: “Netology”, GeekBrains and Loftschool.

If you prefer to study in person, you can look for educational centers that teach programming in your area. locality. Unfortunately, such establishments are most often found only in large cities. An example is the STEP computer academy, which has branches in several countries.

4. At the university

If you have a lot of time left and you are sure that you want to connect your life with programming, you can study computer science in the University. But keep in mind that traditional educational establishments are lagging behind progress, so modern languages You will have to master programming and other technologies yourself.

On the other hand, the university will provide fundamental knowledge of mathematics, algorithms and other areas that will help you become a highly qualified programmer. Over the years of diligent study, you will develop the right type of thinking, thanks to which you will grasp everything on the fly in the professional field.

How to choose a direction and language

In the IT industry, there are several areas, each of which uses its own set of languages. We list the main directions in order of increasing complexity:

Web development. Popular languages: JavaScript, PHP, Python, Ruby.
Mobile development. Popular languages: Java, Swift.
Development of games and programs for desktop computers . Popular languages: C++, C#, C.
Big Data, machine learning . Popular languages: Python, R, Scala.

What to look for when choosing

To do right choice direction and, in particular, the language, take into account the following factors: the difficulty of mastering and the number of training materials on the Internet, your personal preferences (what exactly you want to develop) and the demand for the language in the labor market.

Graph of the demand for languages on the international labor market / research.hackerrank.com

You can easily check the demand for a language in your region on job search sites. Just open the section for software developers and see the number of available vacancies.

If you can't decide

If you're confused, take a look at JavaScript, the language in which almost the entire web is written. Many organizations and programmers advise beginners to choose this language as their first language.

For example, the founder of the educational resource freeCodeCamp Quincy Larson JavaScript for beginners. Larson makes a very simple argument:

JavaScript is relatively easy to learn. And to write something and run it in this language, all you need is a code editor and a browser.
JavaScript is the most popular language in the international labor market and great prospects. Large companies like Google, Microsoft and Facebook are investing in the JavaScript ecosystem.
JavaScript has a very wide range of applications: from websites and browser games to mobile applications.

In addition, a large developer community has formed around this language. High interest in JavaScript ensures great amount courses, books and other educational content.

What else should a programmer know: mathematics and English?

Any programmer would benefit from a deep understanding of . For fields such as game graphics development or big data, a mathematical mind is a must. But when it comes to web development and creating simple programs, in most cases you can do without mathematics. Although there is no consensus among professionals on this matter.

But understanding English, at least at the level of fluently reading documentation, is mandatory for all programmers. Official documents and most educational materials appear first on English language. often become outdated before the translation is even published. In addition, knowledge of English opens up prospects for working with the whole world.

How to get your first experience and first job

To find your first job as a programmer, you must have a portfolio. This is a project you created, or better yet several, that demonstrate all your developer skills. Most courses include developing projects that can be included in your portfolio.

A very valuable item on your resume will be work experience, especially team development. But where can you get it if you are looking for your first job?

Complete several orders on . This could be Freelansim or Upwork. Offer your services for free, then the first customers will come to you.
Find like-minded people and create a common project with them. People unite for such purposes at almost every educational platform where there are programming courses.
Select courses whose organizer helps with job placement. For example, at GeekBrains, after training, you have access to internships from different companies, including paid ones. GeekUniversity and STEP guarantee employment to their graduates.

Before doing this, don’t forget to search the Internet for lists of tasks and questions that are often asked to job seekers.

Understand how loops work. Cycles are one of the most important aspects programming because they allow individual blocks of code to be run repeatedly until a certain condition is met. This allows you to simplify program recording repetitive actions and saves you from having to write new conditions every time you want the program to do something.

There are three main types of loops: FOR, WHILE and DO...WHILE.

Use a FOR loop. This is the most popular and useful of the cycles. It continues to execute the given function until the conditions set in FOR are met. FOR loops require three conditions to be specified: the variable to be initialized, the condition to be satisfied, and how to update the value of the variable. If you don't need all three of these conditions, you need to leave a space with a semicolon in their place, in which case the loop will last forever.

#include int main() ( int y; for ( y = 0 ; y< 15 ; y++ ) { printf ( "%d\n",y) ; ) getchar () ; )

In the above program, the initial value of the variable y is zero and the loop continues until the value of the variable remains less than 15. Each time a new value of y is displayed, it is incremented by one and the loop repeats. As soon as the variable y is equal to 15, the loop will end.

Use a WHILE loop. WHILE loops easier than FOR loops. They set only one condition and the loop runs as long as this condition is met. Here you don't need to initialize or update the variable, but this can be done in the main part of the code of the loop itself.

#include int main() ( int y; while ( y<= 15 ) { printf ( "%d\n",y) ; y++; ) getchar () ; )

The y++ command adds one to the value of the y variable each time the loop is executed. As soon as the variable y becomes 16 (note that the loop must be executed until the variable less than or equal to 15), the cycle stops.

Apply a loop D.O...WHILE. This loop is very useful in cases where the loop operations need to be performed at least once. In the FOR and WHILE loops, the condition is checked at the very beginning, that is, if a false result is obtained, the operation specified by the condition is skipped and not performed. The DO...WHILE loop checks for conditions at the very end, which allows the loop to be executed at least once.

#include int main() ( int y; y = 5 ; do ( printf ( "The cycle is working!\n ") ; ) while ( y != 5 ) ; getchar(); )

This loop will display the intended message even though the condition test fails. The variable y is set to five, and the loop must repeat when the variable is not equal to five, so the loop is exited. The message is displayed on the screen once, since the condition is checked only at the very end.
The WHILE clause in a DO...WHILE loop must end with a semicolon. This is the only loop that requires a semicolon at the end.

Learning programming is becoming more and more accessible thanks to the continuous growth in the number of online resources that help everyone with it. The advantage of such resources is the unlimited amount of knowledge they can provide and the highly qualified teachers. The downside is that no one forces you to study and the quality of the knowledge you gain depends only on how much effort you put in.

An interactive online platform for teaching 12 programming languages: Python, PHP, JavaScript, Ruby, Java, etc., as well as working with the jQuery library and markup and web page design languages HTML and CSS.

If you need to quickly get acquainted with the basics of a new technology, then these courses are very useful and will help you quickly understand the new language. But the resulting knowledge will be shallow and after these courses it is necessary to continue studying.

The educational streaming service LiveEdu.tv offers you unique tutorials for learning programming. What's so special about LiveEdu.tv? The lessons are interactive, you see the project being written in real time and can communicate with the teacher via chat, recordings of streams are also available.

Livedu.tv contains a huge library of recorded broadcasts on all kinds of programming languages and frameworks. Most of the content is available for free, you just need to register, there are paid projects, they are more structured and educational, a monthly subscription will cost 500 rubles.

The site recently launched a Russian-language premium section, where you can find various training projects, for example: “Server implementation of the messenger”, “How to write a link shortener in Node.js”. Thanks to a huge database of training videos and projects, the site is suitable for both beginners and experienced professionals. And any specialist who meets the requirements can become a teacher and create their own educational project here.

A service for learning programming, namely Full-stack development in JavaScript. The training is based on the principle of self-education from simple to complex. First, the basics are given, and then they give a task that goes beyond what has been studied and you need to solve it yourself.

It all starts with HTML, CSS, Bootstrap and continues with tasks on basic JS functions, tasks on algorithms, front-end projects. A section about React is planned to be launched. For communication there is a chat on Gitter.

This site provides programming exercises specifically in: C#, C++, Haskell, JavaScript, Lua, Objective-C, Perl 5, Python, Ruby and Scala.

The idea is simple:

You download an exercise in the language of your choice (mentioned above) with the exercism.io client application
Add the solution to the site.
Programmers from all over the world will comment on what you have done.
You improve your code.

With this learning method, where you, as a newbie to programming, get feedback from experts, you can avoid getting stuck in your training if you fail to find the right solution. This also helps shy people or those who are hesitant to ask questions since there is no way to move forward. Katrona Owen, creator of Exercism.io, noted that this type of training will help students at Jumpstart Labs in Denver, Colorado, complete the exercises.

Pluralsight is one of the leaders in developing interactive training courses for professional developers. Pluralsight offers subscriptions for individuals and businesses starting at $29 per month. The following categories are available on the site: IT Ops, Software Development, Data Professional, Architecture and Construction, Manufacturing and Design, Business Professional, Information and Cyber Security.

Video lectures in English with subtitles, combined with embedded tests and follow-up homework, based on the learn-by-doing model. Each lecture includes a built-in quiz to help students understand the concepts and ideas presented.

Nanodegree Plus programs are also available. The bottom line is that Udacity guarantees employment for 6 months after graduation or gives you your money back. The training costs $299/month. The big advantage is code reviews, and very detailed ones. The program also includes: assistance in preparing a resume, GitHub and LinkedIn accounts, test interviews (with real people).

Code School uses screencasts and video lessons for teaching about HTML/CSS, JavaScript, Ruby, Python, .NET, iOS, Git and other languages, presenting the material through interesting stories. Most of the content is aimed at advanced programmers, but there are free courses available for beginners on the basics of programming.

To access free courses, you must register; access to Code School's paid courses is only possible on a subscription basis, which starts at $29 per month.

Udemy is a learning platform where you can be both a student and a teacher. Udemy offers a large number of courses in such applied areas as design, programming, and web development. Among the teachers you can meet Mark Zuckerberg and other giants of the IT industry. The price of courses on Udemy ranges from $10 to $200, there are also free ones.

Lynda.com is a veteran of the online education industry. Lynda.com is a paid online training service mainly in the field of IT and design. The service was founded in 1995 and was acquired by Linkedin in 2015.

Lynda works on a subscription basis. Although some courses are available for free, the majority are available only with a subscription starting at $19/month. After payment, the user receives unlimited access to any courses in the Lynda database. To get acquainted with the functionality of Lynda, a 10-day trial version is offered, with full access to the entire library.

This is an interactive collection of programming problems, by solving which you will develop your skills in a particular language.

A variety of tasks, achievements, tests, viewing the best solutions, discussions, rankings — all this makes the service very convenient and valuable for those who want to solve problems in a particular language. The service currently supports the following languages: Clojure, C++, C#, Elixir, F#, Go, Haskell, Java, JavaScript, PHP, Python, Ruby, Rust, Shell, SQL, Swift, TypeScript.

Coursera is an educational platform that provides the opportunity to undergo online training at leading educational institutions in the world. The project cooperates with universities that publish and teach courses in various fields of knowledge in the system.

Students take courses, communicate with fellow students, and take tests and exams directly on the Coursera website. The project presents courses in physics, engineering, humanities and arts, medicine, biology, mathematics, computer science, economics and business.

Courses are approximately six to ten weeks in length with 1-2 hours of video lectures per week, and contain assignments, weekly exercises, and sometimes a final project or exam. For $40 you can receive a certificate from the university where you took the course. Coursera has approximately 700 courses in various fields.

Code Avengers provides the opportunity to learn the basics of HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript directly in the browser in an interactive and playful way. During the training, you will be able to learn the basics of programming and layout step by step, completing small tasks.

With a free account you can study the first 5 lessons of each course. Some courses are available in Russian (currently translated HTML/CSS/JavaScript/Game Dev/Intro to Coding)

The site was created by StackOverflow developer. The resource is a tour of the best guides on the Internet, including interactive activities, videos, and reading materials. Bento is free and presents the material in a completely logical sequence.

Bloc helps you master the professions of UI/UX designer and developer in order to create “modern responsive websites and mobile applications.” The service has an unusual payment system: for a fixed amount of $3,999, you can choose one of three workload options - 3 months of 40 hours per week, 4.5 months of 25–30 hours, and 9 months of 12–15 hours. This way, training can be combined with studying elsewhere or even working.

CheckIO is a resource for learning and practicing the Python programming language. Training is presented in the form of a game in which each user needs to use their knowledge to one degree or another. For example, the first stage of learning “Learning” is a chain of tasks from easy to complex. Moreover, the description of the problem itself contains all the reference data for solving it.

Codingame.com is a service for learning various programming languages in a playful way. In each case, the player is required to solve a specific problem or fix someone else's code.

The highlight of our Codebabes.com list. All video lessons on this online resource are taught by young girls. The specificity of such lessons is that as the material becomes more complex, the girls... undress. Each section has several videos for training. In the video, the girl who teaches the course explains to the user one of the topics of a block for several minutes.

A great place for people who want to learn how to create with code. This free platform uses video lessons from experts covering many different topics from math and physics to history and art history. Apps are available for Android and iOS, giving you the ability to take the platform's courses anywhere.

MIT OpenCourseWare is a special resource from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, which contains many training courses, lectures and seminars. OpenCourseWare contains content from more than 2,000 courses. The site has audio and video courses, search by catalog, by course number, by discipline name, all subjects and degree of difficulty are divided into separate sections.

With this resource, you can watch interactive presentations that explain how to write programs from scratch. Not only do you see the code being written, but you can also understand what changes each line of code makes to the final product.

The project is an online collection of documents from various sources that are dedicated to web development and are suitable for people of all skill levels: from experts to students and beginners. MDN is a wiki, which means anyone can make edits to it and correct inaccuracies.

HTML5Rocks is a collection of free lessons to help you solve various problems. The videos are often accompanied by various written instructions, diagrams, and useful explanations can be found in the comments.

Learn CSS in detail with the help of a large CSS almanac. Now the blog covers many topics besides CSS - for example, Sass, JavaScript, PHP and more. You can check out a huge number of resources and even code snippets.

A useful English-language educational portal with an audience of about 5 million users. A large number of free training programs in various areas of programming, as well as paid courses. More than 600 video courses and e-books.

Code4startup.com - training in different programming languages and frameworks using examples of successful startups. For example, Code4Startup suggests learning AngularJS and FireBase by creating a clone of TaskRabbit, and HTML 5, CSS and jQuery by copying Airbnb (then you can create a hybrid mobile application for the service).

Russian-language sites for learning programming:

These are interactive online courses on HTML and CSS that will help you go from solving simple practical problems to creating full-fledged websites. Much attention is paid to practice here; each new material is supported by examples and test tasks that you will have to solve to move on to the next lesson.

Hexlet is an open web platform for learning to code, offering short courses lasting a few hours for software developers, from beginners to professionals. All training programs consist of two parts: theoretical and practical.

LendWings – this platform offers video lectures from the best teachers from around the world in Russian, but not all courses are free. LendWings allows users to connect to training courses from independent instructors (“instructors”) who provide training through recorded video lectures, text documents, slides, presentations and other materials.

This is an online school for teaching programming, system administration, design and Internet marketing. Each GeekBrains course has a detailed syllabus and reviews. Classes cover almost all areas of development and prepare for specific work in a particular area of IT. Internship and certification programs are also available for students.

JavaRush teaches Java programming in the form of an online game. The game is based on the Futurama universe. The goal of the game is to upgrade your character (the Amigo robot) from level 1 to level 80. In the game you complete tasks and earn black matter, which you spend on opening new levels. The JavaRush course contains 1200 practice problems of increasing difficulty.

The purpose of the site is to provide the most competent and, if possible, up-to-date information about javascript and related technologies. There is a textbook, tools and a large number of correct articles for general development. An offline version of the directory is available for download. There are several quite complex tests.

A resource for online programming training, offering not only video lessons for independent viewing, but also free services that allow you to develop practical coding skills. Each user has the opportunity to develop practical skills using the Simulator, communicate with other students on the forum, read interesting blog posts, and listen to free IT webinars. The video courses themselves are included in larger educational modules - “IT Specialties”

Today, many people are interested in whether it is possible to learn to program from scratch.

We have all heard stories that people who do this business have huge incomes, go to Bali every weekend and in the first months of their work were able to buy apartments for all their relatives.

In principle, this is not far from the truth, but Such results require experience and reputation. And you need to start with the simplest. We will look at what steps a person who knows nothing about writing programs needs to follow in order to travel to Bali and buy real estate in the future.

Contents:

Step one. Preparation

Often, beginning programmers cannot achieve success for the simple reason that they initially failed to set priorities correctly.

They present this craft as something romantic, dynamic - just some kind of constant action.

In films, this process is shown completely different from what it really is.

Moreover, there is generally The writing of codes is not displayed, we are only shown events that revolve around it.

The films also show that anyone can become a programmer without knowledge, experience, or even gray matter in the brain. In this case, we can recall the film “Frames”.

So if you are simply saturated with the spirit of all kinds of films and want to start “coding” yourself, programming is clearly not for you.

Here's the truth about the craft in question - programming is:

hours and sometimes days of monotonous work, during which you cannot relax, you must always be focused;
endless learning in pursuit of the latest trends in this area;
similar projects with customers who don’t know what they want and what it should look like.

As for the latter, you must It’s worth watching a video about seven red lines of different colors, one of which is in the form of a kitten. In principle, this is close to the truth, since customers often demand the impossible. It also happens that they order something, but they are always not satisfied with the result.

If you understand all this and are ready to plunge into the wonderful world of programming, then proceed to the next step.

Step two. Selecting your first language

There are a huge number of programming languages. According to some estimates, their number has already reached several thousand.

In general, C is one of the simplest languages that provides the basis for everything else. Moreover, its elements are used in many other systems and programs.

But it is interesting that in good educational institutions, as well as During the courses, students study languages in the following order:

1 Pascal.

2 C++.

3 PHP and everything related to web programming, as well as SQL(this is a system designed to work with databases through queries).

Web(website development, online systems and everything connected with it) – html(although it cannot be called a full-fledged programming language), PHP, Perl, Python, Ruby, Java, Groovy, as well as ASP.NET technology.
Custom software(all kinds of programs like reference books, browsers, instant messengers, etc.) – Delphi, C, C++, C#.
Custom software for mobile devices– Java, Objective-C.
Machine developments(working with microprocessors and other devices, robotics design) – Assembler, modifications C.

Someone can also add so-called 1C programming to this list. Don't trust laymen and people who don't know anything! This is not programming at all.

Once you become familiar with the basics of the work in question, you will understand why this can be said.

Choose what you like best.

Advice: Make your choice right away! You must know exactly in which direction you will develop and what to study in the future.

Most specialists also It is recommended to start your learning with Pascal. This option will allow

You need to write the simplest programs and have a general idea of the craft in question as a whole.

We can say that Pascal is a kind of bridge. A person who simply knows mathematics well can move through it into the world of programming.

Attention! Whatever company you choose to work for after training, you will be retrained for yourself. Therefore, you just have to understand the very principle of writing programs. And for this there's nothing better than Pascal.

Step three. Studying Compilers

For reference: Compiler is a technical solution designed to translate input commands into machine instructions, roughly speaking, into ones and zeros, that is, into an interpretation in which the machine will understand what to do.

Actually, you will write and execute all your programs in compilers.

If you decide to follow our advice and start with Pascal, then you should download Free Pascal. This compiler is absolutely free and is distributed on the official website.

As you can see, it looks quite “old-fashioned”, but programming begins exactly with this. By the way, the C++ compiler looks almost the same.

It's called Turbo C++ (you can download it).

As for Pascal, there is also GNU Pascal, Turbo/Borland Pascal, TMT Pascal and Virtual Pascal. And for C++ you can use Borland C++, Visual C++, Dev C++, GCC and Eclipse.

But this, as we said above, is just the beginning. You can't stop there. Once you've made a choice about your direction, you can move on to more complex compilers.

Here is a list of the most popular compilers today depending on the areas of activity:

ConcerningDelphi, then that’s what the compiler is called there. There is also Embarcadero Delphi and some other modifications. Delphi 7 can be downloaded from many sites, for example. If you chose C, C++ or C#, then you need Microsoft Visual Studio. You can download it directly from the manufacturer's official website.

If we talk aboutAssembler and other languages used in robotics, then you need to immediately download MASM if you are working on Windows. In general, depending on the field of activity you choose and the company for which you get a job, compilers can be very different. Some firms write their own code processing solutions. Therefore, if you have chosen robotics, it is better to study the relevant books and do everything as they say. We'll talk about this later.

There are also many online compilers. They are useful because they support many programming languages and do not require installation - very convenient!

Here are the most popular ones:

This is a unique service that allows you to create several virtual computers and do whatever you want on them, including compiling ciphers.

Virtual machines will run under . On them you can at least delete the system folder, install absolutely any program, and so on.

Now let's start writing your first cipher (code). This can be done even without books and long instructions.

Step four. First code

For the first code, we will use the first language and the first compiler, which we advised to choose above. These are Pascal and Free Pascal.

One of the simplest programs is written as follows:

1 Download Free Pascal follow the link above and run it on your computer.

2 Enter the following: “program [name];”. That is, if you want the program to be called “hello”, you must enter “program hello;”.

3 Enter the "begin" statement. This means that the code that will need to be executed later has begun.

4 We use one of the most common constructions in Pascal “writeln(‘[some text]’);”. It simply displays text on the screen. Which is contained in parentheses and quotation marks. We will introduce the combination "Hello, world!". This is usually where people start their journey into the big world of software development. So the next line would look like “writeln(‘Hello, world!’);”.

5 To complete the cipher being executed, enter "end."(necessarily with a period at the end).

6 Now press the button "F9" to run what you wrote. You will see the words appear on the screen "Hello, world!". This is what was required!

To get you started with other languages, books usually also provide instructions on how to write “Hello, world!” , that is, instructions that simply display such simple text on the screen.

So, you have mastered your first cipher! A start. Now move on to intensive training.

Step five. Take online training

The advantage of online lessons is that you see everything clearly, from start to finish.

Therefore, it is better for beginners to start their journey with online trainings. Here best courses in Russian:

Course “Programming Fundamentals” from the Educational IT portal GeekBrains. Everything is told here from the very beginning, from the very basics. You will be able to study the history, development of this industry, and then gradually become part of it. The same series of trainings can be downloaded from a torrent (here is the link).
Lessons from the School of Programmers. This course is suitable for those who don’t even know anything about mathematics, don’t know the nature of numbers, how information is represented in a computer, and other similar points. That is, if you consider yourself a complete layman, watch these video lessons.
"Programming Foundation" from EG Lab. Here they will talk about this craft in general, about the development of complex tasks and data types (three lessons in total). Watching these lessons will be a great help to start learning a specific language in the future.

After viewing these courses, you need to move on to lessons dedicated to a specific language or industry of your choice.

If you know English, it's a huge advantage, but only if you already know something.

For some reason, courses for those who are absolutely zero in this matter are not provided there (or they are impossible to find).

But there are courses for specific languages. For example, there is Learn Java Simply, C++ Programming Tutorial for Beginners, How to program in C# - BASICS and much more.

Choose training depending on the direction of your activity.

If you have watched at least a few lessons, you can move on to something more meaningful, studying books.