The temperature in the laptop is normal. Normal processor temperature in a laptop: what is it? What should the processor temperature be?

Good afternoon.

A laptop is a very convenient device, compact, containing everything you need for work (on a regular PC, the same webcam - you need to buy it separately...). But you have to pay for compactness: very common reason unstable work laptop (or even failure) - overheating! Especially if the user loves heavy applications: games, modeling programs, viewing and editing HD videos, etc.

In this article I would like to dwell on the main issues related to temperature various components laptop (such as: HDD or HDD, CPU(further in the article CPU), video card).

How to find out the temperature of laptop components?

This is the most popular and first question asked by novice users. In general, today there are dozens of programs for assessing and monitoring temperature various devices computer. In this article I propose to focus on 2 free options(and, despite being free, the programs are very worthy).

1.Speccy

Advantages:

1. free;
2. shows all the main components of the computer (including temperature);
3. amazing compatibility (works in all popular versions of Windows: XP, 7, 8; 32 and 64 bit OS);
4. support huge amount equipment, etc.

2. PC Wizard

To estimate the temperature in this free utility, after launching you need to click on the “speedometer + -” icon (looks like this: ).

Overall, it’s a pretty good utility that helps you quickly estimate the temperature. By the way, you don’t have to close it; when the utility is minimized, it’s in the right top corner In small green font it shows the current CPU load and temperature. Useful to know what's causing your computer's brakes...

What should the temperature of the processor (CPU or CPU) be?

Even many experts argue on this issue, so it is quite difficult to give a definite answer. Moreover, working temperature different models processors differ from each other. In general, from my experience, if taken as a whole, I would divide the temperature ranges into several levels:

1. up to 40 gr. Ts. - the best option! True, it is worth noting that such a temperature can be achieved in such mobile device, as a laptop - problematic (in stationary PCs - a similar range is very common). In laptops you often see temperatures above this limit...
2. up to 55 gr. C. is the normal temperature of the laptop processor. If the temperature does not go beyond this range even in games, then consider yourself lucky. Typically, a similar temperature is observed when idle (and not on every laptop model). Under load, laptops often cross this line.
3. up to 65 gr. C. - let's say, if the laptop processor heats up to such a temperature under heavy load (and at idle about 50 or lower), then it’s quite permissible temperature. If the laptop's idle temperature reaches this limit, it's a clear sign that it's time to clean the cooling system...
4. above 70 gr. C. - for some processors, a temperature of 80 degrees will be acceptable. Ts. (but not for everyone!). In any case, such a temperature usually indicates a poorly functioning cooling system (for example, the laptop has not been cleaned of dust for a long time; long time did not change the thermal paste (if the laptop is more than 3-4 years old); malfunction of the cooler (for example, with the help of some utilities you can adjust the rotation speed of the cooler, many lower it so that the cooler does not make noise. But as a result of careless actions, you can increase the temperature of the CPU). By the way, at such high temperatures the computer may begin to slow down (the so-called “throttled” - automatic reset of the processor performance in order to reduce t).

Optimal video card temperature?

The video card does a huge amount of work - especially if the user loves modern games or HD videos. And by the way, I must say that video cards overheat no less often than processors!

By analogy with the CPU, I will highlight several ranges:

1. up to 50 gr. Ts. - good temperature. Typically indicates a well-functioning cooling system. By the way, during idle time, when you have a browser running and a couple of Word documents running, this is how the temperature should be.
2. 50-70 gr. C. is the normal operating temperature of most mobile video cards, especially if such values ​​are achieved under high load.
3. above 70 gr. C. is a reason to pay close attention to the laptop. Usually at this temperature, the laptop case already becomes warm (and sometimes hot). However, some video cards operate under load in the range of 70-80 g. C. and this is considered quite normal.

In any case, exceeding the mark of 80 degrees. C. - this is no longer good. For example, for most models GeForce video cards, the critical temperature starts at approximately 93+ degrees. C. Approaching a critical temperature can cause the laptop to malfunction (by the way, often when the temperature of the video card is high, stripes, circles or other picture defects may appear on the laptop screen).

Temperature hard drive(HDD) laptop

The hard drive is the brain of the computer and the most valuable device in it ( By at least for me, because all the files that I have to work with are stored on the HDD). And it should be noted that the hard drive is much more susceptible to heat than other laptop components.

The fact is that the HDD is a fairly high-precision device, and heating leads to the expansion of materials ( from a physics course; for HDD - this can end badly...). In principle, operating at low temperatures is also not very good for HDDs (but overheating usually occurs, since in room conditions it is problematic to reduce the temperature of a working HDD below the optimal one, especially in a compact laptop case).

Temperature ranges:

1. 25 - 40 gr. C. is the most common value, the normal operating temperature of the HDD. If your drive's temperature is within these ranges, you don't have to worry...
2. 40 - 50 gr. C. - in principle, the permissible temperature, often achieved at active work With hard drive for a long time (for example, copying the entire HDD to another medium). You can also get into a similar range during the hot season, when the temperature in the room rises.
3. above 50 gr. C. - undesirable! Moreover, with such a range, the period work hard the disk decreases, sometimes several times. In any case, at this temperature, I recommend starting to do something (recommendations below in the article)…

How to reduce the temperature and prevent laptop components from overheating?

1) Surface

The surface on which the device stands must be flat, dry and hard, free of dust, and there must not be any heating devices underneath it. Often, many people place a laptop on a bed or sofa, and as a result the ventilation holes close - as a result, there is nowhere for the heated air to escape and the temperature begins to rise.

2) Regular cleaning

From time to time, your laptop needs to be cleaned of dust. On average, this needs to be done 1-2 times a year, and it’s also a good idea to replace the thermal paste once every 3-4 years.

Cleaning your laptop from dust at home:

3) Special coasters

Nowadays, various types of laptop stands are quite popular. If the laptop gets very hot, then such a stand can reduce the temperature to 10-15 degrees. C. And yet, using stands different manufacturers, I can say that you shouldn’t rely too much on them (they won’t be able to replace dust cleaning!).

4) Room temperature

Can have quite a strong impact. For example, in the summer, when instead of 20 degrees. The temperature (which was in winter...) in the room becomes 35 - 40 degrees. Ts. - It’s not surprising that the laptop components are starting to heat up more…

Reducing the load on a laptop can reduce temperatures by an order of magnitude. For example, if you know that you haven’t cleaned your laptop for a long time and the temperature can rise quite quickly, try not to run heavy applications until you clean it: games, video editors, torrents (if the hard drive overheats), etc.

This concludes the article, I will be grateful for constructive criticism 😀 Good luck!

Monitoring the operation of basic computer systems is a mandatory measure. The most important and loaded part of the system is the central processor - the speed of operation depends on the stability of its operating characteristics operating system. High load on the CPU leads to excessive heating or failure. To avoid damage, you should know exactly which temperature regime will be optimal.

Any chipset is made on the basis of silicon - a good semiconductor, but highly dependent on temperature. Critical temperature for a crystal the threshold is 150 degrees. Exceeding this threshold leads to irreversible changes in its structure and loss of performance.

The reason for this may be the following factors:

1. High CPU load when multiple resource-intensive applications are running.
2. Dust in the processor heatsink, which seriously impairs heat transfer.
3. High temperature inside the system unit due to malfunction or contamination cooling systems.
4. Incorrect installation of the processor or an air gap between the cooled surfaces (occurs due to cracking of the thermal paste).

The power of a standard working cooler is sufficient in 90% of cases. Normal temperature indicators for the CPU will be as follows:

1. 45-50 0 C – operating temperature background computer or laptop. CPU usage is 1-2%.
2. 65-70 0 C – normal operating temperature Intel processors. For AMD chips, the upper limit reaches 80 0 C. This is due to the design and architecture features of the processors.
3. Above 70-80 degrees is considered critical, in which the processor itself operates at the limit of its capabilities. A further increase will lead to a reboot of the system if an emergency shutdown is triggered, or to its failure.

On a note! Stable - this is a reason to think about the health of the cooling system or replacing it with a more efficient one.

CPU cooling systems

Currently, three types of cooling systems are used.

1. Passive. Represents massive aluminum radiator, attached to the processor from above. Removes all heat due to large area surface and good thermal conductivity of the metal. Does not require electricity, very reliable and cheap. Works well with low and medium power chips.
2. Active. This is a well-known radiator with an air cooler. Thanks to the fan, it effectively removes a large number of heat. There is only one drawback - it attracts dust well, which reduces the cooling efficiency.
3. Liquid. The most expensive and advanced system. Used in extreme gaming work computers. Heat is removed from the processor using liquid and dissipated in radiators outside the case. A special pump is used to pump the coolant.

Ways to find out the temperature

For control, one check per month is enough. All motherboards are equipped with built-in temperature sensors. You can view the data through the BIOS or any specialized program.

To enter the BIOS, press the F2 or Del button, depending on the board model, and select the System Health or CPU Storage tab. In the window that opens, all information about the physical processes inside the computer is visible. IN modern systems There is a protective reset function when overheating or reaching user installed temperature.

The second method is to install utilities such as CPU-Z, CPU Thermometer and other similar ones. A special feature of these programs is the possibility of detailed control over all important parameters CPU, video card and hard drive. So for the main processor you can get the temperature of each core and its load as a percentage, the temperature of the processor case, fan speed and voltage. Some programs, for example, HWmonitor, keep statistics of parameters during operation.

What to do if the temperature is slightly above the normal range? Most often this happens due to contamination of the cooler. It is easy to clean it at home.

To do this, turn off the power to the computer and open the case. We will see a thick layer of dust on all coolers, which must be carefully removed. It is more convenient to do this with a vacuum cleaner and a brush with soft bristles. Turn on the vacuum cleaner at low suction and carefully remove all the dirt.

It will be much more effective to clean with incomplete disassembly of the system unit and replacement of all processors. Its service life is several years, and over time it loses its heat-conducting properties, which leads to overheating of the CPU. All these measures will help extend the life of your computer for a long time.

Video - What processor temperature is considered normal for a computer

Video - What should the computer temperature be?

A processor is usually called an electronic unit or microprocessor that executes program code (machine instructions). This is one of the most important parts of any computer or laptop, since the speed of the device also depends on the processor.

This is confirmed by the prices. For example, an inexpensive processor will cost you 3-4 thousand rubles, but you can find it even cheaper. But really good processors, which will last for many years to come, cost several times more. Currently, the market leaders are Intel ( Intel Core i3, Intel Core i5, Intel Core i7) and AMD (AMD Athlon).

The processor temperature is determined by its load, that is, the number of processes it runs. It also depends on where the temperature sensor is located. In addition, you need to focus on the generation of the processor that is installed in your computer or laptop. The fact is that with each generation, processors heat up less and less due to their improvement, while models of previous generations can heat up much more.

Now as for the temperature itself.

• When idle, the normal processor temperature is 40-45°C. What does idle mean? This means when the computer is working, but not a single program is running on it. For example, you turned on your PC and are not doing anything with it. Well, or turned on music using the player. In this state, there is no need to worry about the processor.

• The operating temperature for the processor is 50-60°C. In fact, it is highly desirable that it does not cross the 50°C mark, but even 60°C should not be considered a critical figure. However, if the processor temperature rises to 60°C, it is worth taking care to reduce it.

• If we talk about the maximum operating temperature, you should go to the manufacturer’s website - find your processor model there and see the maximum possible operating temperature. But remember that if it is, say, 90°C, this does not mean that you can not worry about your processor. On the contrary, this is a reason to panic - at this temperature the system will begin to slow down, the computer will reboot, and after a while the processor may.

How to view the processor temperature?

One option is to use BIOS. This method is interesting because you do not need an Internet connection. But if you look from the other side, this method will not help most users. Why? In order to do this, you need to restart the computer. Accordingly, at startup the processor will not be under load and the real temperature will not be known. Therefore, I recommend using third-party software.

CPU-Z. It's free application program to display technical information O personal computer user running under OS Microsoft Windows beginning with Windows versions 98 (including Windows 8.1). Available special version for Android. In particular, the program determines specifications CPU, video card, motherboard and random access memory. Popular among IT specialists, computer technicians and repairmen, gamers and overclockers.

SpeedFan. Free utility, which allows you to control the temperature and fan speeds in the system. The program works with almost all monitoring chips, and also allows you to dynamically change fan speeds depending on the temperature inside the computer case. It is possible to change frequencies system bus on some motherboards equipped with frequency generators supported by the program. It keeps statistics of the measured parameters and writes them to a log file; it can also display graphs of changes in temperatures, voltages and fan speeds.

Core Temp. Compact program without unnecessary functions, designed to monitor processor temperature. Core Temp can show everyone's temperature separate kernel in every processor present in the system. Using this utility, you can observe in real time how the temperature of the processor core changes depending on the load. The program supports the entire series of Intel Core and Core 2 processors, as well as all AMD processors in the AMD64 line. Core Temp allows you to record changes in processor temperature over time and then transfer the data to Excel.

I think these three utilities will be enough for you (and in fact, one will be enough). There are others, no less interesting programs, for example, the same Everest, but let's not forget that Everest costs money, and the utilities presented above are free.

How to lower the processor temperature?

Finally, I’ll tell you a little about how to lower the processor temperature.

Most main reason Increased temperature of components is caused by dust accumulating inside the system unit. In fact, it should be cleaned at least once every few months, but few people do this. It is mainly necessary to clean the radiator and the cooler itself. To do this, use the simplest brush. Of course, the procedure is carried out with the computer completely turned off, including from the network. Remaining dust in the system unit can be collected with a vacuum cleaner, but you should not touch the boards with it.

It is possible that what is located between the processor and the cooler is not doing its job. It needs to be replaced. This is not difficult to do, but you will have to purchase thermal paste, which, in fact, allows you to remove heat from the processor.

Perhaps himself system unit is located next to the battery or in a corner where it cannot fully cool. Try moving it to another location.

Alternatively, the cooling system cannot cope with the heat. In this case, it must be replaced with a more efficient one.

update 07/15/2013
During operation, the laptop heats up - this is quite natural. To avoid overheating of the laptop, it is specially equipped with a cooling system, usually consisting of:
- cooling circuit (radiators and heat pipes);
- cooler (fan);
- thermal paste that increases heat transfer;
- ventilation holes in the housing.

Overheating of a laptop is directly related to poor cooling, because compared to normal desktop computer The laptop cooling system is much “weaker” and requires more careful maintenance. Let's look at the main reasons for laptop overheating.

1. Laptop overheating due to dust accumulation.

This is the most common reason for a laptop to overheat. The cooling system of almost all laptops uses air flow to blow over the radiator. There are always dust particles in the air, which are sucked into the air intake holes on the case and then settle inside on the chips, cooler and radiator fins. Over time, a layer of dust can accumulate quite large, which will lead to a significant reduction in heat transfer and the efficiency of the cooling system. As heat transfer from components decreases, their temperature increases accordingly, which can lead to overheating.

Look at the light - the lid doesn't even show through!

This condition is dangerous because the laptop overheats constantly - as a result, under the influence of elevated temperatures, the microcircuits are gradually deformed. The main signs of constant overheating may be first the failure of the USB ports, then the keyboard or touchpad. Unfortunately, this is no longer possible without repairs.

To prevent this situation, You need to regularly blow out your laptop to rid it of dust.

Note: using a vacuum cleaner will not be able to get rid of dust; you just need to blow it with compressed air from a compressor (service station, tire service) or special compressed air in an aerosol can to blow out a laptop:

You can clean your laptop from dust using a compressor with a pressure of 4-7 atm; a simple car compressor will do.
You can do this at a service station or tire shop on the way to work, simply by asking to lightly blow the laptop over the surface.
Compressors are also available in paint booths, airbrush studios, etc.
Well, if you don’t have a compressor, or don’t want to do it, then you can contact service center.

2. Overheating of the laptop due to its use on soft surfaces (bedspread, blanket, etc.).

Thanks to compact size laptop, you can move it and work not only at the table. Some people prefer to watch a movie or surf the Internet while lying on the sofa (bed), with the laptop placed on a blanket. Few people notice that under its own weight, the laptop sags in the blanket. Why is this bad? And the fact that not only the lower ventilation hole, which serves for air flow, is closed, but also the side ones, created to remove hot air.
A catastrophic situation arises - the microcircuits heat up, the cooler cannot cool them (cold air does not enter the case), moreover, the system becomes sealed, as it were, it is closed on all sides with plastic (plastic does not conduct heat well) and there is no outflow of hot air either. As a result, not only the chipsets overheat, but also other components that should not be heated. After watching the movie, we will place the laptop on the floor, chair or table. Here’s another dangerous point: in an overheated laptop, the slightest blow or shake can cause the chips to desolder.

How to prevent a disaster. If you like to work on your laptop while lying down, place it on a hard surface (stand, tray, etc.), but in no case on a soft fabric surface.
Special cooling pads are sold in retail stores.
Also, if you have a desire, you can make a stand with your own hands, it just takes a little time and effort:

After finishing work, let the laptop cool down for at least a couple of minutes, and then move it to another place, avoiding sudden movements.
You can also cover the air intake holes with a tablecloth on the table. Be careful, work on a cooling pad, or simply place a book under the edge of the laptop

3. Laptop overheating due to thermal paste drying out.

Thermal paste serves for better heat transfer from the microcircuit to the heatsink. Planes that are ideal in human eyes contact no more than three points. Therefore, there is always a microgap between the chip and the heatsink. This gap is filled with thermal paste, which has good thermal conductivity (some pastes even use small particles of silver). Unfortunately, not all laptop manufacturers use high-quality thermal paste; over time, it dries out and loses its properties. In this case, the chips heat up, but cannot transfer heat to the radiator, that is, the cooling system does not work.

Let's imagine a situation where you blow your laptop every 3-4 months, bought a cooling pad, but one day the laptop still broke down from overheating. It’s also annoying that repairs will cost several hundred dollars, and the service of replacing thermal paste at a service center costs tens of times less.

How to prevent this situation: Replace the thermal paste after the first two years of using the laptop. Then it is better to change it every 1.5 - 2 years, if this was not done to your laptop at a service center and you are not sure that the thermal paste will not dry out again.

There are cases when, instead of thermal paste, polymer gaskets impregnated with heat-dissipating impregnation are used.
In 2 - 3 years, such a gasket dries out, and its effectiveness decreases significantly.
Recommendation: upon expiration warranty period, within the first 2 years of operation, change all thermal pads.

Attention: self-replacement thermal paste, may serve as a reason for refusal warranty service. Therefore, it is better to change the thermal paste yourself after the warranty period has expired.
..

Once again, we emphasize that don’t limit yourself to just fighting dust! Replacing thermal paste is very important point in laptop care.

You can detect if your laptop is overheating special program type or AIDA64 (Everest), with their help you can track not only the current temperature various elements laptop, but also by comparing it with previous indicators, get an idea of ​​the condition of the cooling system.

Read more about HW Monitor in the article:

If you begin to notice that previously in idle mode the temperature was significantly lower than now, this is a serious signal to check the cooling system: it is clogged, or you need to urgently change the thermal paste.

Note: When comparing laptop temperatures, you need to consider the room temperature.

To know whether your laptop is overheating or not, below are the estimated temperatures of the laptop components.
Attention! Data may vary depending on laptop model, temperature environment, various external factors.

Normal temperature laptop elements:

CPU: nominal 30-50°C, maximum permissible temperature 70°C;
Video card: normal 40-65°C, maximum permissible temperature 85°C;
Winchester: normal 30-40°C, maximum 45°C.

There are laptop models that operate at higher temperatures, but it is better to use these indicators, remembering that heat shortens the life of the laptop.

External signs of laptop overheating and cooling system malfunction, in which you need to urgently contact the service center:

The noise from the laptop cooler (fan) has increased;
- the laptop gets very hot (determining the temperature by hand is too rough! Determining the temperature with a program is much more accurate);
- the laptop began to “slow down” (work slowly);
- the laptop starts to turn off after a short time of operation;
- artifacts appear on the screen (squares, blurred picture);
- the laptop works, but has become unusable individual elements(USB ports, touchpad, etc.).

We hope that this article will make you think and take preventative measures to regularly protect your laptop from overheating and undesirable operating conditions.

Your laptop in Lately started to heat up too quickly? Here it makes sense to check the temperature of the processor and video card. After all, if they are working at the limit of their capabilities, then this urgently needs to be corrected. How? Especially for this purpose, below there are instructions on how to check the temperature of a laptop, as well as 5 effective ways reduce it.

To begin with, it’s worth noting that there is no such thing as laptop temperature. IN in this case check the performance of its components - processor, video card, hard drive (hard drive). And they can already determine whether something is heating up or not.

But still: what should be the temperature of the processor on a laptop? It depends on the load level:

1. Light load – 40-60 degrees. This includes surfing the Internet and working with text editor Word.
2. Heavy workload – 60-80 degrees. Such indicators occur when working in video editors and other heavy programs, as well as when launching modern games.

The maximum temperature of a laptop processor is 95-100 degrees. Although, to be honest, this is already too much. If the CPU temperature reaches 80-90 degrees, the laptop may automatically reboot (this is done specifically to prevent damage).

What is the normal temperature of a laptop video card? Again this depends on the load. In idle mode (on the desktop or when running browser) it is about 30-60 degrees. If you turn on the game, the values ​​will be 60-90 degrees.

As for the hard drive, the optimal hard temperature The laptop drive should be between 30 and 45 degrees.

It must be remembered that all these values ​​depend on specific model devices. Can be installed on your laptop Nvidia video card or AMD, with one cooler (fan) or two - and all this directly affects the performance. The same goes for the processor: some models heat up more, others less. Therefore, everything given above is an average.

How to find out the temperature of a laptop

Where can I see the laptop temperature? There are programs and utilities specifically for this.

Of course, you can determine the temperature of a laptop through the BIOS, but to do this you need to reboot it. As a result, the load will decrease and the displayed values ​​will not be entirely correct. Although if there are serious problems (for example, there is no thermal paste), then you will see this in the BIOS.

For example, the Piliform Speccy utility may be an excellent option. This free program to check the laptop temperature, which shows data for all components. You just need to select the desired item in the left menu - central processor, graphics devices(video card), etc.

How to lower laptop temperature

So, you launched one of the utilities, checked the laptop temperature and realized that the processor or video card is overheating. What to do in this case? How to lower the temperature of a laptop? I will give 5 effective ways, one of which should definitely help.

By the way, if the temperature of the CPU (or video card) is too high, then you will notice it without programs. After all, the device will begin to behave “strangely”: work slowly, turn off or reboot for no reason, and games will slow down. It is also quite possible that the laptop will start to make a loud noise due to the cooler (fan) running at maximum speed.

Place the laptop on a flat surface

The first way to lower the temperature of your laptop is to place it on a table. Or to another surface. And it must be smooth and clean.

If you like to sit with your laptop in a chair or on the sofa, then don’t be surprised why the temperature of the processor or video card is so high. After all, if you place it on a soft surface, then the special holes through which the device is cooled will simply be closed.

Clean off dust

Laptops are very rarely cleaned of dust, since they are more difficult to disassemble than the computer system unit. And, by the way, when too much of it accumulates, it interferes with air circulation, as a result of which the temperature of the laptop’s processor or video card rises significantly. And a dusty cooler will start to make a lot of noise.

If you don’t know how to clean your laptop from dust, then take it to a service center at least once a year.

Check the thermal paste

If the temperature of the laptop suddenly increases sharply, it is quite possible that the thermal paste needs to be replaced. This is a very important component that is used to cool the processor and video card. And if the thermal paste becomes unusable, then the indicators will jump up sharply.

For comparison: CPU temperature without thermal paste on the desktop (without running programs) is 60-80 degrees (should be 30-45). And if you start any game, it will completely burn out. This clear example how important thermal paste is.

To fix this problem, you need to replace the thermal paste. The procedure is quite complicated, so inexperienced users It’s better to take the laptop to a service center - let the specialists check its condition and replace the thermal paste if necessary.

Use a cooling pad

Another way to reduce the processor temperature on a laptop is to buy a special cooling pad. Such accessories are installed under the device case, so they will lower not only the temperature of the processor, but also the video card and other components.

This thing will be very useful in the summer. In the heat of +35-40 degrees even normal processor or a video card (with a thermal mask and without dust) may overheat. Using a cooling pad, you can reduce the temperature of your laptop by 5-10 degrees. A little, but also good.

Optimize your laptop's performance

AND last method– program optimization. Of course, this method will not greatly help reduce the temperature of the CPU or video card on a laptop, but it will at least speed up the operation of the device.

Firstly, instead of heavy programs, you can use lighter ones. For example, instead of Photoshop - more simple editors like Corel Draw or Paint NET(especially if you rarely work with images), and instead of an audio player, listen to music online through a browser (one extra tab does not play a special role).

Instead of a conclusion

That's all. Now you know how to check the temperature of a laptop, and what values ​​are considered normal. And if you find that the processor or video card is getting very hot, you can reduce the temperature using any of the methods described above. And after that, working on a laptop will again be pleasant and comfortable.