Standard at commands. Modem AT commands
Download:
Download: (Password on the archive: 12345 )
Huawei Terminal- terminal program for direct work with wireless modems Huawei, and also (to a limited extent) with any other modems.
Let's launch. In the window you need to select HUAWEI Mobile Connect - 3G PC UI Interface Click To plug (Connect)
To be sure that you are really connected, type the command AT and click send: If in response from the modem OK. This means you did everything correctly and everything is ready to work with the modem.
AT^CARDLOCK="NCK Code", Where NCK Code 43963141 AT^CARDLOCK="43963141". Paste the command AT^CARDLOCK="43963141" and press the button ENTER keyboard.
Download: (Password on the archive: 12345 )
DC-Unlocker client The first program in the world that began to specialize in unlocking wireless 2G\3G\4G modems of the USB\PCMCIA form factor. With time the lineup began to expand mobile phones, smartphones, WiFi routers.
Download the program DC-Unlocker client and install it. Then we launch.
1.
Next, change the language to Russian. Click Options and choose Russian
2. We choose the manufacturer of the modem or router, in our case it is Huawei. Click on Magnifying glass as shown in the picture and the information will be read. Attention! native program must be closed from the modem). After reading the information you will see SIM lock status - Blocked
3. Next we need to lead the team AT^CARDLOCK="NCK Code", Where NCK Code- this is the unlock code that you purchased from us. For example code 12860791 then our command will look like this AT^CARDLOCK="12860791". Paste the command AT^CARDLOCK="12860791" at the bottom of the read information and press the button ENTER keyboard.
4. After clicking on ENTER the code will be entered into our device and a message will appear OK
5. Click again on Magnifying glass to read the information again. And you'll see where SIM lock status- inscription Unlocked
That's all. Our device has been successfully unlocked.
AT^CARDLOCK="NCK Code"– enter the unlock code (8-digit number). NCK Code- this is the unlock code. Example command AT^CARDLOCK="12345678"
In its work, any modem uses a certain set of procedures or specific commands that have been universal since 1977 and have not changed since that time, but are only supplemented with the advent of new communication standards. Using commands, you can configure the modem, unlock it, check its functionality, and for other purposes.
History of the appearance of AT commands
AT command is an abbreviation for the English word attention, which was proposed by Hayes when developing its own Smartmodem 300 baud modem. Using short dial text commands V special format was such a successful solution that it became the standard for other manufacturers. This standard described in a special document from the International Telephony and Telegraph Association and was issued several times with additions and clarifications.
With the advent of the standard GSM communications, manufacturers did not refuse this good decision. An AT command standard has been developed that describes the operation of modems in GSM07.05 and GSM07.07 modes. Many communication equipment manufacturers may use AT commands own development, but these commands only expand the possibilities standard commands if you need to use specific functions.
Connecting to a modem and entering commands
In order to be able to control the modem through commands, you need to connect to it. Connection can be made in several ways:
- through official Windows program, which is called "Hyperterminal";
- via terminal for operating systems*nix families;
- using special programs provided by modem manufacturers, for example, “My Huawei Terminal” or “Huawei Modem Terminal” for Huawei modems;
- through programs from third-party developers, for example, the Terminal program or PuTTY.
To connect a terminal shell to a modem, you need to know which port is used by the modem and what the data exchange rate is on the port. For operating rooms Windows systems This information can be obtained as follows:
- right-click on the “My Computer” shortcut and select properties;
- A new window will open in which you need to click the “Device Manager” button;
- on the list installed devices find the required modem and display its properties;
- on the “Modem” tab will be displayed necessary information, such as COM port and operating speed.
This information should be remembered or written down. For USB modems, the connection via the COM port will be virtual, through the emulator, but this will not affect the connection.
Next you need to launch the terminal emulator program and connect to the modem using already known parameters. It is worth noting that the Hyperterminal program is present only in Windows versions XP or younger. In older versions, for example, Vista or Seven, you will need to download it from the Internet. After a successful connection to the modem occurs, a notification about this will appear in the invitation line. Modem AT commands are entered only when the modem is in terminal mode or offline mode. The input proceeds as follows:
- Each command must be preceded by the prefix AT, as if it tells the modem that the command will come next.
- The prefix is followed by a connecting symbol “+”, “&” or “^”.
- At the end, the command itself with parameters is entered.
- Input is completed by pressing the "Enter" button on the keyboard or the "Send" button in the terminal window.
To check whether the modem accepts commands and whether there is any reaction to input, simply send it “AT” without parameters. Should appear in the terminal window following lines(depending on the modem they may differ, but the general principle of the output does not change):
Status/Receive: OK
If the output is approximately in this format, then you can work with the modem by entering commands. If an error was made in any command, the modem will report this with the appropriate status.
Setting up a Huawei modem using Hyperterminal
AT commands for Huawei modem are based on common standards and differ only depending on the modem model. Those. Some modems may have commands that are not available on others. Setting up a modem is necessary in some cases, for example, when used in conjunction with routers, when there is a conflict between the operation of the equipment with each other, or to unlock a modem purchased from an operator and working only with its SIM cards.
When connecting a modem to a computer, the modem is defined as three devices: the modem itself, a CD drive (virtual), and a memory card (not for all modems). For more comfortable work, you can disable CD-Rom and Flash card emulation. Step-by-step instructions on how to do this:
- Launch the Hyperterminal program.
- When launched, the program will prompt you to enter a new connection name and icon. Enter any convenient name.
- If you are not automatically prompted to create a new connection, this can be done through the “File” menu.
- The next step is to select connection parameters: port number and port speed.
- After connecting the terminal to the device, enable operation only in modem mode with the command:
- AT^U2DIAG=0 for Huawei E1550 and E1750 series modems;
- AT^SETPORT=»A1;1,2″ for E367, E352, E392, E353 and E171 series modems;
- AT^SETPORT=»A1;1,2,3″ for modems E369, E3131;
- In order for the modem to reboot without having to disconnect it from the computer, run the command AT^CFUN=1.
Now the device will work only in modem mode, which will eliminate many problems sharing with routers.
Very often there is a need to “untie” the modem from working only with a specific operator or to unblock it. There is also a direct possibility for this by executing Modem AT commands. The unlock commands are as follows:
- AT^CARDUNLOCK="nck md5 hash" to reset connection attempts to 10;
- AT^CARDLOCK="code nck" to unlock the operator. This code can be calculated using a special calculator based on IMEI;
AT^CARDLOCK command? checks the lock status. In response to a request with this command, the modem will provide information in the CARDLOCK format: A,B,0, where A is the locking status in binary format (1 - there is a lock, 0 - there is no lock), B is the number of remaining attempts to unlock (for a new modem, this number of attempts is 10).
Basic AT commands and commands for Huawei modems
In practice, the following commands are very often used, which are informational, control or configuration commands:
- ATI - the command displays complete information about the modem.
- AT^CFUN=1 is a very useful command for practice, which allows you to apply settings and reboot the modem without disconnecting it from the computer. After the device is rebooted, it will be initialized and re-registered on the network. The remaining parameters of this command are as follows:
- 0 - power saving mode or standby mode;
- 1 - online mode;
- 4 - offline mode;
- 6 - device reset;
- 7 - turn off the radio module.
- AT^CLAC - no less useful command, which displays on the terminal screen all AT commands supported by the modem, and AT^CMDL - informs about all AT commands.
- AT^VERSION? - shows the modem firmware version.
- AT^GETPORTMODE - provides information about all devices present in the modem, such as virtual drive optical disks, storage device, modem, LAN card etc.
- AT^U2DIAG? - shows installed on this moment the mode in which the device operates.
- AT+CGMI - display information about the modem manufacturer, for example, Huawei.
- AT+CGMR - shows the modem firmware version.
- AT+CIMI - provides information on the SIM card, namely its IMSI number.
- AT+CGSN - you can view the IMEI of the modem.
- AT^HWVER - shows information about the hardware of the modem, shows its revision.
- AT+CSQ - informs about current level received signal from the operator.
- AT+CGMM or AT+GMM - provides information about the name of the modem model.
In order to obtain information about all available operators, you need to enter the AT+COPS? command. Information will be displayed on the screen in the following format:
- Modem operating mode for selecting an operator: 0 - automatic, 1 - manual, 4 - automatic, if manual connection failed.
- The operator format can be displayed in long or short mode, or in network operator number mode.
- Network availability information: 0 - unidentified network, 1 - available network, 2 - current or connected network, 3 - network unavailable or blocked.
This is far from full information about AT commands of modems and options for their use, you can read the specification in more detail or contact the modem manufacturer specifically to be sure which commands and with which parameters are used in the modem.
In this article we will look at how you can unlock Huawei modem using AT commands, and also how in general you can interact with the modem using them. For example, let's take the currently popular model - Huawei E3272... As we wrote earlier, you can interact with the modem using AT commands through special terminal programs, for example HyperTerminal, PuTTy, Huawei Modem Terminal, etc. Let's look at how to do this.
Entering AT commands into a Huawei modem using PuTTy
After the modem is installed, additional devices should appear in Device Manager:
In the Modems section - Huawei Mobile Connect - Modem, in the Ports section (COM and LPT) - HUAWEI Mobile Connect - PC UI Interfac (COM5) (you may have a different port number, remember it, because it is through this that we will connect to the modem to enter AT commands) and in the section Network adapters - HUAWEI Mobile Connect - Network Card. As you can see, the modem is detected both on the COM port and as NDIS network adapter. Now we launch PuTTy and configure the connection to the COM port. Please note that all processes occupying the modem's COM port must be closed while we connect to the modem using PuTTy. IN in this case these are MegaFonInternet.exe and MegaFonInternetService.exe. We go to the task manager and end these processes:
You can also do this from the console (Win+R -> cmd -> Ok) using the sequence of commands:
net stop "MegaFon Internet Service"
taskkill /f /im MegaFonInternet.exe
We configure Putty as follows and click the “Connection” button:
How to find out modem IMEI and firmware version using AT commands?
The modem IMEI and firmware version can be found using the ATI command, or AT+CGSN. Let's enter these two commands sequentially into the modem and see its response:
ATI+CGSN Manufacturer: huawei Model: E3272 Revision: 21.436.05.00.209 IMEI: 867503013090647 +GCAP: +CGSM,+DS,+ES 867503013090647 OK
As you can see, the IMEI of the modem in this case is 867503013090647, the modem firmware version is 21.436.05.00.209. possible on our service. In response, you will receive an unlock code and the code requested when flashing the modem. For a given IMEI, we will receive the following response:
IMEI: 867503013090647 201 Algo Unlock Code: 72033153 Flash Code: 34262301
That. The unlock code for our modem is 72033153. Enter it and check the blocking status.
How to enter the unlock code into the modem using the AT command?
To do this, we will give the command AT^CARDLOCK="72033153", after which we will check the locking status using AT^CARDLOCK? :
As you can see, the modem responded with ^CARDLOCK 2,10,0 - which means that it is unlocked and can now be used SIM card mi any operators. Now we will look at how to do the same thing through DC Unlocker.
How to enter AT command into modem using DC Unlocker?
The most in a simple way is the use of software DC Unlocker as a terminal program. Download the latest version DC Unlocker Client at the following link. Don’t press any buttons on it (we don’t need to unlock, connect to the server, or anything else), just click on the button with a magnifying glass for the client to identify your modem:
In the figure, this button is marked with the number 1. Pay attention to DC Unlocker log (log This is all the information in the window, it displays your modem model, firmware version, etc.) and the number of remaining attempts to enter the unlock code. If there are no more attempts to enter the code, then it will no longer be possible to unlock the modem with the code. Enter the command below in the same window AT^CARDLOCK="nck code", where nck code is the unlock code you received. After the modem responds Ok, it will be unlocked.
Before using DC Unlocker as terminal client, you also need to make sure, as we did in the case of PuTTy, that none of the processes and services are using the modem’s COM port (if you have the Internet connection program that comes with the modem open, you must close it), and It’s even better to end all “unnecessary” processes related to the modem through the task manager.
What should I do if DC Unlocker does not detect the modem and does not see the COM port?
Make sure that the software that comes with the modem for Internet access (for example, Connect Manager or Megafon Internet, etc.) is closed, because during operation it uses the COM port of the modem. It also wouldn’t hurt to go to the task manager and stop all processes related to this software. Then run DC Unlocker again and try to identify the modem again. If the COM port is not visible in this case, there is one trick. Download official firmware under your modem (this can be done on the operator’s website or on any of the many mobile forums on the Internet, for example 4pda and others) and run the flasher (DC Unlocker must be closed at this time). Get to the step where the flasher will ask you for the Flash code for flashing. Don't enter it! At the moment when the flasher asks you for the Flash code, the modem has already been detected on the COM port, close the flasher and run DC Unlocker. The COM port should be visible and the modem will be detected.
As was written earlier, dTo start communicating with the newly baked module, you need to send the “AT” command. After which it will automatically adjust the port speed and return "OK". Now that the speed is set, you need to fix it so that you don’t have to perform this action every time you turn it on. The following commands are used to configure the port:
AT+IPR=19200- setting the port speed.
You can set the following values: 0, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200
0 - auto-select, this value is the default.
You can also configure the transfer mode:
AT+ICF=3.3
First number - data bits/parity/stop bits
1. 8/0/2
2. 8/1/1
3. 8/0/1, is the default.
4. 7/0/2
5. 7/1/1
6. 7/0/1
Second number - parity
0 - odd
1 - even
3 - no
After configuration, these parameters will be saved in the module’s non-volatile memory, so you won’t have to do these steps next time.
AT+GMM- module identifier.
The module will respond with the manufacturer and model: "SIMCOM_SIM900D"
AT+GOI- shorter module identifier.
The only response is "SIM900D"
AT+GMR- firmware version.
It may come in handy if you want to upload a different firmware version to the module.
AT+GSV- it includes all three previous teams.
It will return the module manufacturer, its model and firmware version.
AT+GSN- will return the IMEI of the module.
May be useful when you need to accurately identify a module. IMEI is also duplicated on the label pasted on the module, and they must match.
The next step is to configure the module's real-time clock. To do this, issue the following command:
AT+CCLK=“yy/mm/dd,hh:mm:ss+zz”
where in order they go
«
year/month/date, hour:minutes:seconds+time zone» Data must be sent with leading zeros, that is, for example, if our month is “4”, then “04” must be sent.
You can get back the current time and date by sending the same command, only with a “?” sign:
AT+CCLK?
- read the time from the module
ATE0- echo mode
0 - disabled
1 - enabled. Set by default.
ATV0- module response format.
1 - full text response with echo (if enabled). Set by default.
0 - return only the response code.
In the first case, OK, ERROR, etc. will always be returned, and in the second, result codes will be returned. So instead of OK it will return 0, and instead of ERROR 4.
AT+CMEE=0- level of error information. Can be from 0 to 2.
0 - disabled. It will simply write ERROR.
1 - error code. Will return digital code errors.
2 - description of the error. He will write down exactly what he doesn’t like about the team.
To work with the module through the terminal, the ATV1, ATE1 AT+CMEE=2 modes are more convenient; for communicating with the microcontroller, it is better to use ATV0, ATE0 and AT+CMEE=0 - this will make it easier to process the received responses.
These settings are not saved after the module is rebooted, so you must include these commands in the program code.
Now let's look at the information about the GSM network. For example, you can find out the signal quality.
AT+CSQ- information about signal quality.
The module will return two numbers +CSQ: 17.0
17 - signal level. It can be in the range of 0..31 or 99. The more the better, but 99 means its absence.
0 - communication error rate (so-called RXQUAL). Can be from 0 to 7, the lower the number, the better the quality of communication.
AT+COPS?- information about the operator in whose network the module is registered.
You can also make a request in the form AT+COPS=? After a sufficiently long search, the module will display a list of found networks.
Well, now the commands that allow you to use cellular communication as intended.
ATD1234567890;- dialing a number.
The module will call the specified number and will return one of the options
BUSY - number is busy
NO DIALTONE - no signal on the line
NO CARRIER - no network or other problem (for example, no money in the account)
NA ANSWER - no answer
CONNECT - there is a contact!
If the number is saved, for example, on a SIM card, and the SIM card is selected as phone book(usually this is the case by default), then there is a command to call it ATD>1;. The numeric value determines the number of the card cell where the called number is stored.
AT+CLIP=1- enable incoming call number identification
If you send a command with 0, the number identification will be disabled and the module will only send the “RING” message instead of the caller’s number.
ATA- answer the call.
ATH0- break all connections. Can take values 0..5, indicating which types of connections need to be broken.
ATS0=0- with this command you can set how many beeps will pass before the handset is automatically picked up. 0 - only manually, is the default.
AT+GSMBUSY=1- barring all incoming calls.
1, - block all incoming calls
0, - allow incoming
The result of this command is not saved in memory and must be repeated every time you turn it on.
It is better to send the request to #100#, since to *100# the message arrives in hexadecimal format:
AT+CMIC=0.15– command to set microphone sensitivity. Sensitivity is determined by the numeric value that appears after the = symbol. It is used very often in alarm systems - for audio monitoring of a protected premises. By experimenting with this value, you can achieve the slightest rustling noise.
When receiving an SMS, the module will report this by displaying a message in the terminal"+CMTI: "SM",3"
. Where 3 means the number of the incoming message.
To read SMS you can use the command AT+CMGR=3.0
(3-number of the message we want to read, 0-change message status to read)
In response, the module will send information about who sent the message and at what time. “REC UNREAD” means that the message has an unread status.
AT+CMGDA=“DEL ALL”
the command will delete all messages
You can also delete only a certain type of message:
"DEL READ" - read
"DEL UNREAD" - unread
"DEL SENT" - sent
"DEL UNSENT" - not sent
"DEL INBOX" - received
“DEL ALL” - all messages
Introduction to AT Commands
Technically, a modem is a kind of computer containing a microprocessor, read-only memory, and the like. It should be noted that in terms of “computing power” modern modems are comparable to computers ten years ago; for example, ZyXEL modems use the Motorola 68000 microprocessor, the same one that served as the “heart” of the first Apple computers Macintosh, Amiga and even first generation Sun Microsystems workstations. Today's technical innovations have also found their place in modems: for example, the increasingly popular USRobotics Courier modems (and not only them) contain ROM based on flash memory, which allows you to upgrade control firmware on the fly. But still, what is important for the user is not what chips are installed in the modem, but how it works:
speed and reliability of data exchange, as well as compatibility with modems from other manufacturers. To find out these parameters, as a rule, you do not need to disassemble the device - just look at the standards it supports.
Towards standards high level These include the so-called hayes commands, or AT commands. They allow you to control the modem almost directly: change the value of registers, dial phone number and much more. So, for example, the command ATDP123-45-67 means that the modem should call the telephone number 123-45-67, using the standard pulse dialing system for Russian telephone exchanges, and the command ATN indicates the need to break the connection. It is easy to notice that these commands begin with the prefix AT, true for almost the entire specified set, which gave one of the names to the standard.
For the first time such a command system appeared in the Smartmodem modem, released by the company Hayes(the reason for the appearance otherwise known) and quickly became the industry standard. After some time it was significantly expanded, but the basic kernel that runs necessary functions, preserved.
Modem commands
The modem supports standard and extended sets of Hayes commands. The AT (Attention Code) prefix may be followed by one or more commands. These commands are written in industry standard language and allow you to communicate with the modem. Your modem is always either in command mode or in direct control mode (online mode). As soon as you turn on the modem, it goes into command mode. This means that AT commands can only be sent to the modem when it is in command mode. Inputting commands in direct modem operation mode is recognized by the modem itself as data input. However, AT commands can be loaded into the modem in terminal mode using the appropriate software.
Any AT command entered into the modem automatically remains in it until it is unloaded from it or the modem is turned off.
Command line for AT commands
All AT commands, with the exception of two, must begin with characters. The exceptions are the escape sequence +++ and the repeat / command. The command line prefix (AT characters) is not case sensitive. You can enter one or more commands on one line. In the latter case, all commands can be separated by spaces, which are ignored by the modem through its AT command interpreter.
You can enter up to 39 characters on the command line, including A and T, excluding spaces and carriage returns. If you enter more than 39 characters, a syntax error message will appear on the screen.
AT Command Acknowledgment
The modem immediately confirms most AT commands typed at the command line. As soon as you enter the last character of the command and press carriage return, the modem will respond with a short message: OK
Basic AT Commands
Next basic commands AT are available only in the terminal mode of your modem.
AT
All but two AT commands begin with this prefix.
D
Dial the number. You can use this command to dial a phone number directly from the command line. The command format is as follows:
ATD
The string parameter can contain up to 45 characters. Do not use parentheses or hyphens here.
ESC sequence. This is one of two commands that are not used in the AT prefix. After connecting to another modem, you may need to return to command mode. To do this, you must type the + symbol on the keyboard three times in a row. After this, the modem will respond with OK and you will return to command mode.
A/ Repeat. This command does not use a prefix AT and you don't
you need to press carriage return. Entering this command causes the modem to repeat the last AT command entered. A very useful command for redialing a phone number.
&Fn
Initial settings. This team (n=0 or n=1) returns all modem parameters that were set to it by the manufacturer.
N
Hang up. This command sends a signal to the modem, after which the line is disconnected.
ABOUT
Online mode of operation with the modem. This command returns the modem to direct control mode. Typically used to resume communication after entering the +++ escape sequence.
Zn
Reboot the modem. This team (n=0 or n==1) reboots the modem and returns it to the settings that are stored in the so-called flash memory (non-volatile memory) of the modem.
Command modifiers for dialing a telephone number
Modifier! commands for dialing a telephone number allow you to specify Extra options, which will force the modem to automatically perform certain functions. Command modifiers for dialing a telephone number are only available if you have already entered the AT command D, i.e. There should be a phone number dialing line on the screen.
Syntax:
ATO (modifier) 1234567 Basic modifiers for dialing a telephone number:
R
Pulse dial. This modifier is entered after the D command and precedes the telephone number. Example:
ATDP 3243781
Tone set. This modifier is entered after the D command and precedes the telephone number. Example:
ATDT 3243781
It must be said that tone and pulse methods of dialing a telephone number can be combined in the dialing line.
Return to command mode after dialing a phone number. If you need to dial a phone number that is too long (more than 45 characters), you can use this modifier to separate multiple commands on the dial line.
All commands except the last one must contain this modifier.
Pause while dialing a phone number. This modifier causes the modem to pause dialing the phone number. The modem will pause for the number of seconds specified in the S8 register and then continue dialing the number. If you need a longer pause, simply enter another modifier. IN following example, the command calls an external (public) telephone line with "nine":
ATDP 9, 5551212
!
Phone call forwarding. This modifier is used when several modems use one telephone line. Example:
ATDP! 268
W
Determine Next Answer telephone exchange. This modifier is used when you need to wait for the telephone exchange to answer and continue dialing the telephone number. Example:
ATDP 8W 902 6810085
Phone calls
The following example demonstrates how you can make a call using AT command modifiers to dial a telephone number.
ATD 1234567
Here the modem dials the phone number 1234567 and then waits for a response from the station or the remote modem. If the line is not detected, the modem automatically (after a period of time determined by the S6 register) issues a message NO CARRIER, those. impossible to connect. If the line is detected, the modem displays a message CONNECT and starts talking to the remote modem. The connection between two modems is terminated whenever either modem performs any negative actions:
The source modem is not able to recognize this
called the carrier signal from the remote modem.
The command H (hang up) is transmitted.
The DTR interface between the source DTE and the modem itself is broken if the commands are activated &D2 and &D3:
AT&F1DT9,P5551234
This command restores the default settings, dials the number using touch tone, accesses the outside line through the "nine", pauses briefly and finally dials the telephone number 555-1234.
How to dial a phone number using your telephone, modem, and AT commands
You can manually dial a phone number. To do this, you must enter the command (terminal) mode of your modem, pick up the handset and simply dial the desired telephone number. Now:
Enter the command ATN1, and press Enter in order to connect to your modem.
Enter the command ATO, and press Enter in order for the modem to start working in online mode.
We answer manually
If the answering machine function (register S1) is not used, then you can answer all incoming calls yourself. To do this, simply enter the following command:
The ATA Modem will respond and switch back to online mode.
Field programmable NVRAM
All modem settings come down to correctly setting the values of the NVRAM registers. NVRAM is a user-programmable memory that retains data when the power is turned off. NVRAM is used in modems to store the default configuration that is loaded into RAM when turned on. NVRAM programming is done in any terminal program using AT commands. A complete list of commands can be obtained in the terminal program using the AT$ commands AT&$ATS$ AT%$.
Write factory settings to NVRAM with hardware data control - command AT&F1, then make adjustments to the modem settings in conjunction with a specific telephone line and write them to NVRAM using the command AT&W.
AT #CLS=
This command sets the operating mode of the modem:
OK
The modem has successfully switched to the required operating mode.
ERROR
The modem does not support this operating mode.
AT #CLS?
The modem returns to the current operating mode.
AT #CLS=?
The modem returns possible modes works:
0,1,2,8
OK
AT A
The modem connects to the telephone line and goes into answer mode, immediately returning a result code VCON.
ATD
The modem connects to the telephone line and dials a telephone number.
Return value:
VCON
The modem returns this value when the remote station goes off-hook.
NO CARRIER
The modem issues this result code if long beeps are detected continuously for the time specified in the S7 register.
BUSY
The modem issues this result code when detecting short beeps.
NO DIAL TONE
The modem returns this value if there is no station signal on the line after picking up the handset.
ATN
With this command, the modem hangs up and switches to data transfer mode, but does not violate any voice parameters. The modem also establishes a telephone line as an input/output device.
AT #BDR=
Set the data exchange rate between the modem and computer according to the following scheme:
OK
The modem has successfully reset the baud rate.
ERROR
The modem does not support this value for the baud rate.
AT #BDR?
The modem returns set speed exchange.
AT #BDR=?
The modem returns possible values for the baud rate:
0,1,2,4,8,16,24
AT #VBS=
This command sets how voice data is encoded:
Return value:
OK
The modem has successfully reset the encoding method.
ERROR
The modem does not support this encoding method.
AT #VBS?
The modem returns the current voice encoding method followed by the result code OK.
AT #VBS=?
The modem returns possible voice encoding methods:
2,3,4
OK
Each line ends with characters
AT #VSR=
This command sets the speed required for the computer to play and read voice data:
Return value:
OK The modem has successfully set the required speed.
ERROR
The modem does not support this speed value.
AT#VSR?
The modem returns the set speed of playback and reading of voice data.
AT #VSR=?
The modem returns possible values for the speed of playback and reading of voice data: 8000.
OK
Each line ends with characters
AT #VTD=,
This team controls Various types signals to detect them and return the necessary codes to the computer in voice playback, voice recording modes and while connecting to a telephone line, respectively.
AT #VSD=
This command is intended to enable or disable silence detection in voice recording mode:
<п> = 0 (Installed), Modem detects silence. <п> = 1, The modem does not detect silence.
AT #VLS=
The modem installs an input/output device for playing and recording voice data.
Available following devices I/O:
OK
The modem has successfully reset the I/O device.
ERROR
The modem does not support this I/O device.
AT #VLS?
The modem returns the current I/O device followed by the result code OK.
AT #VLS=?
The modem returns allowed I/O devices:
0,1,2,3,4
OK
Each line ends with characters
AT #VCI?
The modem returns the supported voice compression mode.
AT #VTX
This command puts the modem into voice playback mode.
The modem begins the voice playback process by sending the resulting CONNECT code to the computer. The modem then waits for the character
CONNECT
VCON
Each line ends with characters
AT #VRX
This command puts the modem into recording mode for voice data from the current I/O device.
Voice recording begins with the modem returning the result code CONNECT to the computer. The modem then sends the symbol to the computer
CONNECT
VCON
Each line ends with characters
AT #VTS=[
This command is designed to generate a DTFM signal. The signal generation line consists of three numbers, which must be separated by commas and enclosed in square brackets. DCE will interpret the first and second numbers as the frequencies of the two-tone tone, and the third as the duration of the tone.
The frequency range is from 200 to 3300 Hz, with a frequency of 0 indicating silence. The duration range is from 0 to 255, and is measured in 0.1 seconds.
Return value:
OK
The modem completed the command successfully.
ERROR
Options
AT #MDL?
The modem returns the model ID.
AT #MFR?
The modem returns the identifier of the manufacturer where it was manufactured.
AT #REV?
The modem returns the revision date.
AT #VBT=
This command sets the duration of the DTMF signal generation. Used in conjunction with the AT #VTS command. The parameter for this command ranges from 1 to 40. The duration of the signal is measured in 0.1 seconds.
Return value:
OK
This value is returned to the modem if the command is completed successfully.
ERROR
The modem returns this value if the parameter
AT #VBT?
The modem returns the current signal generation duration DTFM.
AT #VBT=?
The modem returns possible values for the duration of the DTFM signal generation.
OK
Each line ends with characters
AT #CID=
This command is for managing the call ID.
OK
The modem successfully changed the value for the call ID.
ERROR
The modem does not support this option for call ID.
AT #CID?
The modem returns the current value for the call ID.
AT #CID=?
The modem returns supported values for the call ID: i
0,1,2
OK
Each line ends with characters
AT #VBQ?
The modem returns the size of the buffers for input and i output voice data:
TX BUF= 512
RXBUF=512
OK
Each line ends with characters
Description of some key i expressions of the BISYNC protocol ^
This character is usually used to separate voice data from the general stream, and begins the process of recording or playing voice. The joint use of this symbol with the symbol deserves special attention<ЕТХ>: These two characters are automatically added to the end of the voice data when recording a voice, they are also intended to interrupt the voice recording process. Hexadecimal value of the character
<ЕТХ>
This symbol is used in conjunction with the symbol
Hacking USRobotics modems
All of the following are only valid for Sportster modems with the command running A.T.G.W. It’s very easy to check this - you need to write in any terminal computer ATGWO,55 and press Enter. If the modem answers OK, this means this command works. Keep in mind that the command ATGWO,55 by itself does not give anything.
So, you can simply dial two secret commands to turn your modem into a more advanced USR Courier modem. But this, unfortunately, is only possible for one single model, which has a checksum of ld51 or ld52. What is your amount, you can find out through the command ATP.
Sportster and Courier modems: main differences
1. Title.
2. Adaptive Speed Leveling (ASL).
3. Voice/Data switch with programmable functions (external models). Can be soldered into the modem after converting it to Courier.
4. Call duration reporting (Clock operations). This is a function that switches in two modes: the modem works as a stopwatch and measures time in hours, minutes and seconds from the moment it is initialized; or it shows the duration of the last (or current) session.
5. Automated redialing (the ">" command). When you specify the AT command, the modem will repeat the last command until you press any key.
6. Leased 1MF operations. Leased Line - a pair of wires rented from telephone company or made by you.
7. Three additional levels of^call progress reporting (X5, X6, X7). According to these instructions, when dialing a number, the modem will return not only CONNECT, BU^Y, but also VOICE (if the other end answered with a voice. The most unpleasant thing: the modem perceives any sneeze on the line as a voice, so this function does not work on our lines ) and HINGING (for each long beep; only works with digital stations and some old, analog ones). Place X7.
8. Stored command execution (AT&ZC). Used in Voice/Data switch. The necessity of this function is doubtful.
9. Selectively enable/disable transmitter for receive-only (monitor) mode. This is for debugging the modem.
10. Touchtone recognition (%T). In most modems it does not work at all due to a bug in the firmware.
11. More dialed number memory locations.
12.Compatabile with USR"s Total Control Management system. "MSK" flag according to AT17.
13. Several more "AT" commands and "S" registers.
14. Several more command/connect responses.
ASL
ASL - Adaptive Speed Leveling is an extension of the v32 protocol, in which the modem will increase the speed as the line quality improves. This protocol also includes Quick Retrain.
On the entire v32 protocol family, retrains take 4-6 seconds, instead of the usual 15. This gadget also allows you to set asymmetric connection speeds, which greatly helps when communicating on lines that transmit (receive) well only in one direction). In addition, this extension forces the modem to connect to 7200, and only then increase the speed.
Historically, during the development of v32, so-called standard and optional provisions were introduced. In particular, a modem supporting v32 was required to be able to reduce the speed itself or at the request of a remote modem, i.e., to be able to do fallback. As for fallforward, which is part of ASL, this is optional. This is why, for example, when connecting a USR Courier modem to a Vosa modem, Courier can request Quick Retrain and Vosa will simply respond to the request.
The same applies to Enhanced mode. One common misconception can be dispelled: instead of working, a modem with ASL does nothing but jump in speed, so it’s better to turn it off on bad lines. However, it is not. The speed switches in approximately half a second. You can observe this by switching to command mode (+++) while connecting to USR Courier and typing the command ATI6.
ASL is also used to log into USR Terbo, i.e. in v32terbo at a speed of 21600, at which only USR modems operate (in terbo mode). By the way, ASL is not at all the merit of USR. This is the same opinion driven by advertising as the fact that SREJ is a Zyuhel feature. Not at all. Neither SREJ nor ASL are the prowess of these firms.
Unfortunately, USRobotics made another mistake in the implementation of ASL, which led to the fact that after the first long retrain the possibility of short retrains is reset. And this cannot be fixed while maintaining compatibility with the original, i.e. uncorrected ASL.
In reality, ASL nevertheless helps on bad lines.
What types of modems are there?
So, you can trick your Sportster modem into thinking it's one of these models:
Sportster 9600
Sportster 14400
USRobotics Courier v.32bis
USRobotics Courier HST 16800
USRobotics Courier
USRobotics Shared Access, all
Gateway 2000 Telepath
You can also turn Fax Class I on or off, whether you have one or not. You can also change the country code to: US/Canada, Japan, Finland, Sweden, U.K., Swiss, International.
You can also change the mounting type: Internal, External, Rackmount, PCMCIA.
And lastly, you can tell the modem that it is compatible with the USR Total Control Management System. This is the MSK flag.
And further! Can be changed clock frequency operation of the 80188 processor at 13 or 16 mHz. More precisely, not the clock frequency itself, but what the modem will display on command ATI7. Also, if you set the wrong clock frequency, the modem will not work correctly in cases where it needs to know its clock frequency.
The Sportster 9600 is a Sportster 14400, only it does not allow speeds above 9600. However, if you put it in the Sportster 14400 at&n8, and then switch to a Sportster 9600, then there will be a connection to 14400!
Courier HST 16800 = Courier Dual Standart HST 16800. The first occurs when you tell the modem that it supposedly does not have the V32 protocol.
USR Courier Broken System - This modem reports that it has neither HST nor V32.
USR Courier Broken System = Sportster 9600.
Gateway 2000 Telepath = Sportster. Same mode, same capabilities.
USR Shared Access is actually an extended access network modem. It comes out if the Sportster modem is told in Sportster mode that it is MSK. But no new commands appear. This mode does not work, since the entire network part is located outside the modem.
How to trick a modem
So the modem has a command A.T.G.W. This command allows you to enter your values into the modem memory. Namely, there are bytes that tell the modem what it is. Then you will see descriptions like “and at address xxx is...”. You need to compose a byte and write it into memory this way:
ATGWxxx
1. At address 562 there is a modem class. Bit 7 of the byte at the same address describes the modem class. If it is turned on, then the modem is Sportster (we will call this mode Sportster mode); if disabled - Courier (this mode is called Courier mode).
Bits 1-4 of this byte describe the type of installation. It's better not to change:
Bit 1 when turned on says that the modem is PCMCIA.
Bit 2 when turned on says that the modem is External.
Bit 3 when turned on says that the modem is Rackmount.
Bit 4 when turned on says that the modem is Internal. Only one of these four bits needs to be turned on.
2. Under the 563 address, bit number 1 tells the modem that it is MSK, bit 4 - that it is Gateway 2000, and not USRobotics.
3. At the 564 address, bit number 1 tells the modem that it has a fax.
4. At address 778 there are checkboxes for turning on/off the following delights:
Bit2-U32
3 - HST
6 - for processor speed. If 1 then it is considered that the processor will operate at 16, if O at 13 mHz
1 - should always be equal to one. If it is set to 0, then the modem will say that it is Broken System, i.e. he does not know at what frequency the processor operates, that he has no options, and also he will respond to all commands ERROR, but he will fulfill them!
5. At address 565 is the country code.
1 - Japan (in this mode there is no > command, no Guard Tone, and bit 1 of register S27 is described as "Reserved").
2 - Finland (there is no Guard Tone here, bit 1 of register S27 is described as “Reserved”).
3 - Sweden (same as Finland).
4 - U.K. (there is no command " in dialing a number by command ATD"On hook" is described as "Offline" and vice versa; no > command, not supported Leased Line, no commands &P, AT&T1. Described as "Analogue" rather than "Analog", bits 1-4 of register S15 are not described at all, bit 1 of register S27 is described as "Reserved", and bit 2 of register S32 in HELP is erroneously described twice:
2 = Reserved 2 = Disable Enhanced V32 mode
5 - Undefined (?; no guard tone, bit 1 of register S27 is described as Reserved (actually this code is Norway).
6. - Swiss (no command! in dialing, no guard tone, bit 1 of register S27 is marked as reserved).
7-10 - Undefined. They are not included in the modem, it is better not to install them: the modem may die.
11 - International. It seems like this is not there either, Help is not
is output, so there's no way to figure out what's going on there. But, however, according to ati7 you can get information that it is International. In this case, the register s39 doesn't work at all.
To put a bit, you need to use the following sign:
1 - 1
2-2 3 -4 4-8
5 ~ 16
6-32
7-64
8-128
Simply add up all the values to the right of your chosen bits and represent that value in hexadecimal! For example, if you need to write bits 1 and 7, then the value would be 65.
Difference
There is no difference between the Gateway 2000 and USRobotics Courier modems - install what you like best. There is also no difference between the Gateway 2000 Telepath and USRobotics Sportster modems. The MSK flag does nothing.
The only difference between the Sportster 9600 and Sportster 14480 modems is the speeds. There is no difference between the Sportster 9600 and 14400 fax/modems. There is a difference in installation. For External Courier DS HST there is register S32 - talk/data switch. For the internal one, it seems that it is not there, but you need to look at help in External mode and then use this information in Internal mode - you just need to find a place on the board where to solder this switch. Moreover, if the installation is incorrectly set, the modem speaker will not work correctly.
Shared Access
The USRobotics Shared Access modem is an external modem with network access. Only one thing is interesting - this thing is included in the Sportster, but for some reason in Sportster mode - with all the ensuing restrictions. This mode as such is absent - the network part of this modem is located externally, in hardware.
What's easier?
For internal modems (1D51) you must specify:
atgw562,28s34=0&w
For external modems (1D52) you must specify:
atgw562,22s34=0&w
And once again about USRobotics modems
Sportster 14400
Signs: Firmware date 1994. Clock Freq: 16 MHz. Upgrade is possible to RC 21600 (HST/AON/Voice).
Problems: LJTR error (fixed like this:
ATslO=255sl9=l&w).
Sportster 14400 Vi
Signs: Firmware date 1995, Clock Freq: 16 Mhz, black case.
Upgrade: self-upgrade is possible.
Problems: Chronically does not pick up the BUSY signal (sometimes treated by installing an additional resistor).
Sportster 14400 P"n"P
Signs: Supervisor firmware date 1995, Clock Freq: 24 Mhz.
Upgrade is not possible!
Problems: Chaotic hangs (for example, Drop DTR during Dialing), problems with FAX reception.
Sportster 14400 Si
Features: RPI modem, triangular board small size, very cheap.
Upgrade is not possible! Problems: Lack of hardware error correction.
Russian Courier 21600.
Signs: presence of RHST, Terbo, AON, VOICE. Has a number of new functions. Made from the Sportster 14400 model.
Upgrade: not required.
There are no problems (you just need to configure it), modems with older firmware versions may have problems when working with modems IDC.
Sportster 28800
Signs: Clock Freq: 20Mhz.
Upgrade: Upgrades to 100% compatible flash courier V.EVR, with the ability to download branded SDL.
Problems: some models are deaf, does not receive a signal BUSY.
Sportster 33600
Signs: Clock Freq: 92Mhz
Upgrade is not possible!
Problems: Chaotic hangs, problems with FAX reception.
WinModem 28800
Symptoms: Internal, does not have a COM port, works only through its own driver and only under Windows.
Upgrade: installing a new driver (there is already a driver for 33600).
Russian Courier 33600
This is the creation of the upgrader team Robert Agababyan & Grisha Rusanov.
Has a number of new functions. Made from the Sportster 28800 model.
Upgrade: Ask the upgraders for new firmware versions.
Problems: none have been noticed so far.
33600 Enhanced Courier V.Evr
This is the creation of the upgrader team of Vladimir Dodonov. Has a number of new functions. Made from the Sportster 28800 model.
Upgrade: Ask the upgraders for new firmware versions. If your modem is equipped with FLASH-ROM, then it is USR SDL Compatible, i.e. SDL is loaded into it.
Problems: none have been noticed so far. t
Statistics Options
Biers (Block errors).Block errors. Errors in data blocks and protocol. If there is a large number of block errors, then problems in the operation of your modem's receiver are related to the telephone line. A particularly large number of Biers with a short time on the line occurs if mrdem is operated on a ten-step PBX. /
Link Naks. Lack of confirmation. Lack of confirmation of receipt of one or more blocks.
Speed. Speed. The last speed at which the receiver/transmitter was operating before the connection was lost.
Disconnect Reason. Reason for disconnection. Normal \ the end is exit with the message: DTR dropped (transition of the DTR signal to a logical zero state), that is, the computer or terminal has switched the DTR (Data Termiani I Ready) signal to a logical state \ zero, thereby ending the communication session.
SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio). Signal to noise ratio. Measured in decibels (dB). The higher the value of this parameter, the less noisy the line is, and, accordingly, the higher the speed at which the modems communicate. So, for example, the minimum allowable SNR for a speed of 2400 is 14 dB, and for 19200 - 30 dB. That is, if the SNR is less than 30 dB, then the V34 protocol will not provide high speeds.
Recv/Xmit Level (-dBm). Levels of received/transmitted signals. The larger the absolute numbers obtained, the lower the signal levels. Each receiver can ask the remote transmitter to change the level.
Near Echo Loss (dB). The level of fall of the near echo, i.e. How many times is the near echo (short loop) quieter than the original signal? This parameter is not very important, since the near echo is canceled out by the echo cancellation system by almost 100%. But, in any case, the higher this number (lower the level of near echo), the better
Far Echo Loss (dB).Distant echo drop level. This number is much more important: a distant echo (long loop) is canceled much worse, here distortions on the line make the canceled signal very different from the original signal and, as a result, noise remains after cancellation.