School educational programs. Curricula in primary school
This program generates examples from the multiplication table. The solver needs to write down the correct answer in a special field and click the CHECK button. After clicking, the program will display the result.
You can skip tasks by clicking on the example you want to skip, but all gaps will be counted and after clicking on the RESULTS button, the number of correct and incorrect answers, as well as the number of missed tasks, will be shown.
The program will be useful to everyone who wants to repeat and consolidate their knowledge of the multiplication tables.
The program requires a java virtual machine (JVM) installed on your computer.
Subject: Mathematics
The program generates number series of different lengths (up to 12 characters) and displays them on the screen. The user selects the display time of the series and its length. After pressing START, the series is shown and disappears after a specified time, and the user must repeat it. The program is quite easy to use and will be useful for memory development. The program requires java installed on your computer to run.
Subject: Metasubject
Automatic diagnostic analysis. The table presents 4 methods: “Questionnaire for assessing the level of school motivation of N. Luskanova”; “Student survey” (according to N.Yu. Yashina); Methodology “What am I?”; “Attention test” (P.Ya. Galperin, S.L. Kabylnitskaya).
For each method, a table has been compiled with automatic output of results. Points must be entered in gray cells. The findings for each indicator are entered into the Diagnostic Summary Sheet. The archive includes diagnostic materials.
Subject: Metasubject
Target audience: for 3rd grade
Analysis of dictation and grammar assignments in 1st grade with individual diagnostics for each student.
The teacher marks the work; if the student made a mistake, you need to put + from the drop-down list, if there were no mistakes, leave the cell empty. The upper cells are active - you can enter the classification of errors. In individual sheets, the program automatically processes data for each student. The table contains instructions.
Subject: Russian language
The table presents a list of educational achievements that the teacher evaluates in students at the end of the year. A 5-point system is used for evaluation (description attached). A report is displayed for each student after filling out the main table.
The template allows for changes: you can change the class by a quarter, as described in the table. The table was compiled based on the material of L.I. Berdikulova. (the document is included in the archive).
Subject: Metasubject
Target audience: for teachers
Analysis and processing of control cheating in 1st grade with individual diagnosis of each student.
The teacher enters the text of the work in the upper cells; makes a mark for the work; the number of corrections the student made when cheating; indicates errors and the words in which they were made. In individual sheets, the program automatically processes data for each student; if many mistakes are made, recommendations “How to copy the text correctly” are displayed, which can be printed for parents.
The table contains detailed instructions.
Subject: Russian language
Target audience: for 1st grade
Analysis and processing of data on the surrounding world (VPR) in 4th grade. After filling out the table on the achievement sheets for each student, a report appears on the formation of subject and meta-subject results of mastering the main educational program of primary general education.
On the "Analysis" sheet, the mark will be placed only after entering the option number.
Subject: Environment
Target audience: for 4th grade
Analysis and processing of data on the Russian language (RLP) in 4th grade. After filling out the table on the achievement sheets for each student, a report appears on the formation of subject and meta-subject results of mastering the main educational program of primary general education.
After entering the results for each task, the program displays an analysis of the work performed. The number of correctly completed tasks and the names of students who completed each task are displayed. Skills acquired at a high level are displayed on individual sheets for students; skills to look out for.
Subject: Russian language
Target audience: for 4th grade
When choosing a school for a child, parents take into account many factors: location, traditions, educational focus of the school, reviews. Now this list has been supplemented with another important item: the training program.
Currently offering a variety of work programs for each level of the school from grades 1-11 . As a rule, general education institutions choose several educational programs, especially in the primary grades, and parallel classes are taught in different teaching materials.
Today it is important for parents to know: how to choose a suitable educational program and how do they differ? This question arises especially urgently in elementary school, because it determines how successfully the child will study.
Let's make a reservation right away: it is incorrect to divide programs into “bad and good”. All elementary school programs according to the Federal State Educational Standard are approved by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation. They are simply designed for different ways of perception and take into account the peculiarities of the child’s thinking. One thing in common: all programs allow the student to master the necessary minimum knowledge for primary school. The difference is in the presentation of the material, in the organization of educational activities, in the variety of exercises.
Educational programs for primary school
1. Program "School of Russia"(edited by A. Pleshakov) is one of the oldest and time-tested programs. Since Soviet times, the program has been improved more than once and adapted to the realities of modern times.
Designed for all children and allows them to thoroughly develop writing, reading and counting skills.
2. Program "Primary school of the XXI century"(edited by N. F. Vinogradova). The material is complex, designed for erudite children. The program teaches independence, a lot of work is being done to cultivate interest in the educational process, the ability to properly organize studies. There are many additional materials and exercises aimed at developing memory , logic, outlook, imagination.Each student can learn at his chosen pace, since there are tasks of different levels of complexity and different directions.
The main goal of the program: to teach the child to learn.
3. Program "Primary Promising School". Features: there is no need to cram rules, theorems and axioms. The emphasis is on the development of logic, intelligence and analytical thinking. Additional hours are provided for drawing, music, and physical education.
Suitable for any child, regardless of his level of readiness for school.
4. Program "School 2100"(edited by A. A. Leontyev). This program is gaining more and more fans. An undoubted advantage of the program: continuity of education, since you can study it from the age of 3 until graduation.
Feature of the program: educational material is given to the maximum, varied, at different levels. The student himself chooses how much knowledge will be sufficient. An individual approach to each child is used.
Suitable for all children.
5. "Harmony"(edited by N. B. Istomin). The program involves close cooperation with parents. Many topics are suggested to be discussed at home first. Much attention is paid to the development of self-education skills.
Priority is given to students' independent work. The techniques of observation, selection, transformation and design are actively involved. All material is presented in a diverse manner, taking into account the students’ own experience and practical orientation of knowledge.
Suitable for children with analytical thinking and a penchant for technical sciences.
6. "Planet of Knowledge"- focused on the development of creative abilities. During the course, schoolchildren compose their own fairy tales, stage plays, complete projects, and make presentations.
Provides the necessary minimum knowledge, skills and abilities. Everything beyond the program is at the request of the students.
Suitable for children with a humanitarian bias.
7. Primary school program "Perspective". Here, much attention is paid to the issues of raising children as citizens of their country and the formation of moral positions.
Many tasks are aimed at developing logic and imagination. A huge amount of additional material is used, with several manuals for each subject. The teaching principle is dialectical. The presentation of the material is accessible, although sometimes boring.
Suitable for all children, regardless of their readiness for school.
8. Program by L. V. Zankov. There is a huge amount of material included in the system. All lessons are equivalent; great attention is paid to the development of logic, analytical thinking, and independent work skills. There are electives in computer science, economics, and foreign languages. Training is carried out at a fast pace.
Suitable for children well prepared for school.
9. Elkonin-Davydov program. A rather controversial program, but very interesting for children. Much attention is paid to theoretical thinking, the construction of tasks, problematic issues and the search for their resolution. Learning is slow. The only disadvantage we can note is the discrepancy in some of the terms studied. So, for example, the authors of textbooks call verbs action words, and nouns - object words. This creates certain difficulties in high school... We hope it helps you in your work!
A modern primary school offers two systems for educating children: traditional, which includes seven programs: “Russian School”, “School 2100”, “Primary School of the 21st Century”, “Harmony”, “Classical Primary School”, “Prospective Primary School” , “Planet of Knowledge”, and developmental, including two programs: L.V. Zankova and D.B. Elkonina - V.V. Davydova.
Lately some traditional elementary school programs have undergone significant changes, have been greatly improved and can already be considered developmental programs.
Traditional program “School of Russia” - the name speaks for itself. This educational and methodological complex was created specifically for teaching children living in Russia, introducing them to the traditions and culture of their great country. This is a kind of school of spiritual and moral development. The “School of Russia” program is focused on instilling in children such qualities as kindness, responsibility, the ability to empathize and provide assistance in difficult times. It develops among schoolchildren an interest in studying their Motherland, its nature, history, thereby cultivating such an important and rare quality in our time as patriotism.
When creating this program, the authors relied on many years of pedagogical experience in the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian schools. Learning is based on a smooth transition from simple to complex. The program thoroughly develops reading, writing and counting skills, which is the basis for further successful learning.
Textbooks for the Russian School program are very modern, colorful and interesting for children, and perfectly stimulate cognitive activity.
The School 2100 program is the only one of all that is a system of continuous education from preschool age to graduation. According to her benefits, children can study from the age of three until the senior year. The program clearly goes beyond the traditional framework, incorporating elements of an evolving program.
The educational and methodological complex of the School 2100 program is focused on the development of the child as an individual, identifying and developing his creative abilities and interest in learning. Develops in children such qualities as determination, independence, ability to make decisions, ability to analyze, logical thinking, imagination and speech.
Education is based on the fact that basic concepts, rules and conclusions are not given to children in a ready-made form; they must figure them out on their own; the teacher only guides the child in the right direction. That is, children learn to act independently. Many tasks are based on obtaining information from sources other than textbooks.
The educational program "School of the 21st Century" refers to traditional programs, however, it is also developmental in nature. She most gently adapts former preschoolers to a new field of activity for them - studying at school. The training is structured in the form of a game. Most teachers in Russia prefer to study according to this program. The program is aimed at the harmonious development of the individual, at developing motivation for educational activities and self-education. Helps the child understand why he needs to study at all, why he needs to take his education seriously.
By studying this program, children learn to independently acquire knowledge through reflection, analysis, and fantasy. They can evaluate their successes and failures in their studies. The teacher behaves with the children on an equal basis during the lessons, allowing the children to think, debate and, thus, reach the truth.
Each student has the opportunity to study at an individual pace, because the educational material contains tasks of different levels. The set of textbooks includes so-called notebooks for the student’s correctional and developmental work, which can be used for additional work with the child in case of lag and misunderstanding of the material. The focus is not on the correct answer, but on the decision process itself.
A set of textbooks for the program“Primary School of the XXI Century” was awarded the Russian Presidential Prize in the field of education and is the winner of the “competition to create a new generation of textbooks for primary schools.”
“Harmony” is a program that combines traditional education methods with developmental ones. The name suggests that the program is aimed at developing harmonious relationships between teachers and students and between children. The program helps develop logical thinking and creative abilities. Aimed at strengthening the physical and mental health of the child.
The educational material is very interesting, the emphasis is on advanced learning, new promising technologies are used in teaching children of different levels of development. Children do not memorize the rules, but with their own minds, with the help of special exercises, come to the necessary conclusions.
The kit includes textbooks containing a methodological part, so parents themselves can explain the topic to the child at home and help them cope with homework. Children who received primary education under the Harmony program are highly literate.
The educational and methodological set in mathematics of the “Harmony” program was awarded the Russian Government Prize in the field of education.
“Classical Primary School” is a traditional program, almost identical to the “School of Russia” program. It differs from it in its set of textbooks. This is the most classic, effective program for primary education developed over the years. It is completely built on traditional methods, but with the introduction of modern scientific pedagogical approaches. Thanks to the gradual study and solid consolidation of reading, writing and counting skills, it gives children a good basis for continuing their education in secondary school. From the first days of classes, the program is aimed at getting children interested in further education.
All textbooks and notebooks are decorated with colorful illustrations. The lessons are filled with various competitions, games and quizzes. Some of the tasks are aimed at working together with parents, thereby involving them in the exciting process of their children’s education. The program helps the child fall in love with the book and teaches how to work with it. Knowledge in the program is not given in a ready-made form, but must be acquired jointly by students and the teacher, that is, the program promotes the development of logical thinking.
The “Promising Primary School” program is the most successful program of all existing ones, suitable for rural schools in which students from grades 1 to 4 study simultaneously in the same room. It contains all the important methods from all existing programs. The program was created taking into account the age categories of schoolchildren, be it a six-year-old first-grader or an eight-year-old, and takes into account the different levels of student preparation. The emphasis is on both the individual activity of the child and the joint work of students, promoting the development of dialogue between them. Teaches you to work not only with the textbook, but also with various reference books. The teacher gives a task to a group of students and then leaves to work with another group. Thus, schoolchildren develop independence, the ability to work and live in a team, that is, to help others, criticize and adequately respond to criticism addressed to them, and be able to explain and defend their point of view.
The program is built strictly on the principle of increasing the complexity of the educational material. With this program, children quickly develop fluent reading, writing and counting skills.
The textbooks are filled with interesting fairy-tale material that helps develop creative thinking, logic and memory. A lot of time is devoted to the physical health of children, teaching the child to cleanliness, order, gymnastics and daily routine. Educational tasks involve parents in completing tasks together.
The traditional “Planet of Knowledge” program is good because even the youngest children can learn from it. The approach to teaching is non-standard and departs from the classic “the teacher explains the task, the children complete it.” All tasks are developmental in nature. The program is focused on developing children's creative abilities. For each child studying under the “Planet of Knowledge” program, there is his own teaching method that helps him to perfectly master the material. The program stimulates the manifestation of independence, initiative, and helps to see the same subject in different ways.
The set of educational literature is interesting in that before the beginning of each section there is a plan for further training. Thus, the child sees what he will study in the future. Each section, after studying, ends with a test paper and a test sheet, which allow the teacher, as well as the student himself, to test his knowledge of this section. Textbooks contain many tasks of different difficulty levels, which gives students the opportunity to choose a task specifically for themselves. Many exercises are focused on working with reference books and working in a group, developing children's communication skills in society.
Developmental program L.V. Zankova is the complete opposite of traditional programs. It is based on a trusting relationship between teacher and student. The teacher first offers to complete the tasks, and the students must reach the theory with their own minds through various discussions, obtaining information from various sources, reflection and debate. The program perfectly reveals the individual abilities of each child. Focused on awakening interest in learning, developing intelligence and curiosity. Although quite difficult because the learning process is fast paced, at the same time it is very attractive and exciting for children.
In addition to school lessons, the program involves close communication between teacher and children outside of school through joint visits to various cultural events, walks and excursions. Children who studied under the L.V. program Zankova, excellent conversationalists, have a broad outlook and their knowledge is much higher than that of children studying according to traditional systems.
Developmental program D.B. Elkonina - V.V. Davydova is focused on developing strong theoretical knowledge in children, that is, rules and concepts occupy a dominant position here, but they are not given in the form of ready-made truths. Children must reach them themselves through logical thinking, working in a group or individually, debating, arguing among themselves and discussing the results. And only then, with the help of the teacher, draw the right conclusions. The program develops in a child the ability to think deeply and unconventionally.
The program is much richer than ordinary traditional programs. Children trained in it are very sociable, respect the opinions of others, but do not take all words for granted; they require mandatory evidence.
There is little homework in this program; everything is done in the classroom, where the children are busy with interesting work, but at home they relax.
Many textbooks are winners of new generation textbook competitions.
The program is considered difficult, but only because there are very few competent teachers who can work with this program.
How the child will feel
climbing the first step of the ladder of knowledge, what he will experience,
His entire further path to knowledge depends.
V.A. Sukhomlinsky
A child's entry into first grade is one of the most important and exciting events in the life of every parent. Therefore, it is necessary to approach this issue seriously: choose a good school, be sure to get to know the teacher. After all, it is in elementary school that the desire to learn and learn new things, the ability to assimilate material, the ability to find a common language with peers is formed, the further development of certain abilities (technical or humanitarian) and much more occurs. It is very important to pay attention to another issue - the training program or educational and methodological complex (EMC) according to which the child will study. Since using these textbooks and workbooks, he and, possibly, his parents will have to master the material and gain basic knowledge. And their quality will determine how easily and quickly the child will get involved in the learning process, and what knowledge he will come to secondary school with.
Currently, the order of the Ministry of Education of Russia dated December 28, 2018 is in force. N 345 “On the federal list of textbooks recommended for use in the implementation of educational programs of primary general, basic general, and secondary general education that have state accreditation.” The federal list of textbooks (hereinafter referred to as the list) includes textbooks recommended by the Scientific Methodological Council for Textbooks created by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, based on positive expert opinions based on the results of scientific, pedagogical, social, ethnocultural and regional examinations and meeting certain requirements.
The federal list of textbooks includes (all or selectively) completed subject lines of textbooks that are part of the following educational and methodological complexes for primary schools:
| School of Russia | 1 class | 2nd grade | 3rd grade | 4th grade |
| Perspective | 1 class | 2nd grade | 3rd grade | 4th grade |
| Primary school of the XXI century | 1 class | 2nd grade | 3rd grade | 4th grade |
| Promising Primary School | 1 class | 2nd grade | 3rd grade | 4th grade |
| Planet of Knowledge | 1 class | 2nd grade | 3rd grade | 4th grade |
| Harmony | 1 class | 2nd grade | 3rd grade | 4th grade |
| RHYTHM | 1 class | 2nd grade | 3rd grade | 4th grade |
| Primary innovative school | 1 class | 2nd grade | 3rd grade | 4th grade |
| School 2000 ... (mathematics L.V. Peterson) | 1 class | 2nd grade | 3rd grade | 4th grade |
| System of L.V. Zankov (publishing house "Developmental Education") | 1 class | 2nd grade | 3rd grade | 4th grade |
| Spheres (Prosveshcheniye Publishing House) | 1 class | 2nd grade | 3rd grade | 4th grade |
(Publishing house "BINOM. Knowledge Laboratory") |
1 class | 2nd grade | 3rd grade | 4th grade |
The list does not include the textbooks of the following teaching materials:
| School 2100 | 1 class | 2nd grade | 3rd grade | 4th grade |
| D.B. Elkonin-V.V. Davydov system (VITA-PRESS publishing house) |
1 class | 2nd grade | 3rd grade | 4th grade |
| System of L.V. Zankov (Publishing house "Fedorov") | 1 class | 2nd grade | 3rd grade | 4th grade |
| Dialogue | 1 class | 2nd grade | 3rd grade | 4th grade |
It should be noted that educational organizations have the right to use purchased textbooks from the federal list of textbooks, approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated March 31, 2014 N 253, for three years.
Feature
The listed educational programs for primary school is that they include educational and methodological kits (TMK) in all or several subjects of primary general education
(for example, Russian language, mathematics, literary reading and the world around us, etc.). Each program or training system has its own goals, objectives, principles and features, which can be found in detail in the explanatory notes. Information can be found on the official websites of elementary school programs or publishing houses that produce this or that educational complex. Each program or training system has its own scientific supervisor, as well as a team of authors working on the creation of teaching materials. The educational and methodological set usually includes: textbooks, workbooks, visual and teaching aids, independent and test work, multimedia applications, methodological recommendations and lesson plans.
In addition, there are completed textbook subject lines , which are not included in the teaching materials of the previously listed primary school systems and programs, but are also included in the federal list of recommended textbooks.
In connection with the transition of educational institutions to the new Federal State Educational Standard for Primary General Education (FSES IEO), starting from the 2011/2012 academic year, all primary school educational programs were finalized, textbooks passed the State Examination for compliance with the second generation Federal State Educational Standard.
Significant feature
All educational programs for primary schools have become aimed at developing in students universal learning activities (UAL)
as the basis of the ability to learn, to include children in educational activities when studying all school subjects. The main principle of modernizing textbooks is to strengthen the orientation of educational material, ways of presenting it, and teaching methods to maximize the inclusion of students in educational activities. Thus, all programs and training systems are aimed at achieving the educational results defined by the Federal State Educational Standard of the NEO, and the implementation “Concepts of spiritual and moral development and education of the personality of a Russian citizen”
.
Thus, there are no “bad” and “good” programs. All of them are approved by the Ministry of Education and are designed so that by the end of primary school children receive the level of knowledge required by the state standard, that is, the mandatory minimum. And the developmental education system is no better or worse than the traditional one. Moreover, today almost all primary school programs implement the ideas of developmental education. Tasks of increased complexity, which are associated only with developmental systems, are included in all sets, but are not mandatory for mastering. In fact, each learning system is designed for a certain mindset, or, in other words, a way of perceiving and mentally processing information. And these processes are individual for each child. Authorship is manifested in the ways of presenting material, additional information, and organizing educational activities.
Almost all proprietary educational programs have both advantages (which are actively discussed) and disadvantages (information about which is less accessible). If a teacher has been trained, certified, interacts with methodologists and has access to manuals, the likelihood of obtaining a high-quality result is higher. The programs are designed so that in four years of study the child will receive all the basic knowledge. However, the material is presented and distributed over the years in different sequences. In addition, some programs are overloaded with materials that children (and sometimes parents) understand and master with great difficulty. And the final tests for the quarter and for the year are all written the same. And here a lot depends on the teacher. It is good if the school maintains programmatic continuity between the primary and secondary levels, and subject teachers work together. Otherwise, having studied four grades of primary school using non-standard textbooks, the child will move to the fifth grade to standard educational “rails” and lose interest in learning.
According to article 28
Federal Law of the Russian Federation of December 29, 2012 N 273-FZ "On Education in the Russian Federation" “The competence of an educational organization in the established field of activity includes: ... determining the list of textbooks in accordance with the approved federal list of textbooks recommended for use in the implementation of state-accredited educational programs of primary general, basic general, secondary general education by organizations engaged in educational activities, as well as teaching aids approved for use in the implementation of these educational programs by such organizations."
According to the article article 47
Law of the Russian Federation "On Education in the Russian Federation" teaching staff have “the right to choose textbooks, teaching aids, materials and other means of education and upbringing in accordance with the educational program and in the manner established by the legislation on education.”
Thus, today primary school teachers can choose not only an educational program (system), but, first of all, textbooks that create a favorable and comfortable environment for learning, instilling in children a love of learning from the first days of their stay at school. In this case, the teacher has the right to choose teaching materials only in accordance with the approved basic educational program of primary general education of the educational institution. When choosing a program as a basis, the teacher follows it for all four years. In one school, primary classes can study according to different programs. At the same time, one of the classes most often studies according to the educational instructional complex “School of Russia”. Today this is the most widespread educational system. In addition, it is possible to have an educational program consisting of completed subject lines of textbooks that are not included in certain systems and programs. The main condition for selection is that textbooks must be included in the “Federal List of Textbooks Recommended for Use in the Implementation of State Accredited Educational Programs of Primary General, Basic General, and Secondary General Education.”
A little history...
According to Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated October 21, 2004. N 93
Primary general education included:
- traditional education system
(programs "School of Russia", "Harmony", "School 2000...", "School 2100", "Primary School of the XXI Century", "Classical Primary School", "Promising Primary School", "Planet of Knowledge");
- developmental training systems
(L.V. Zankov system and D.B. Elkonin-V.V. Davydov system).
However, over time, the contradictions between traditional and developmental education systems have gradually softened, and at the present stage of development of primary education, all educational and methodological sets are focused on the thesis of the child’s activity in the learning process, on the development of his personality, his cognitive and creative capabilities. The division of textbooks by systems (traditional or developmental) and sets (programs) in the Federal lists of recommended (approved) textbooks was removed from the 2006/2007 academic year (although this was then stated in additional information from publishers for each textbook), and from 2008/2009 academic year, such information was not included in the lists.
In the Federal List of Textbooks recommended by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation for use in the educational process in educational institutions, for the 2011/2012 academic year (Order of the Ministry of Education and Science Russia No. 2080 of December 24, 2010) in the section “Textbooks, the content of which corresponds to the federal state educational standard for primary general education,” four textbook systems were identified:
- "Primary school of the XXI century"
- "Perspective"
- "School of Russia"
- "School 2100"
These systems (educational and methodological complexes - EMC) included completed subject lines of textbooks already in all subjects of primary general education: Russian language, literary reading, mathematics, computer science, the outside world, technology, music, fine arts, physical education, foreign language (English, German, French, Spanish), fundamentals of the spiritual and moral culture of the peoples of Russia (4-5 grades) . A feature of the “textbook system” status was that each subject corresponded to only one completed subject line of textbooks.
Textbooks of the remaining above-mentioned programs or completed subject lines are also included in the Federal list of recommended (approved) textbooks for the 2011/2012 academic year in the sections “Textbooks, the content of which corresponds to the federal state educational standard for primary general education” or “Textbooks, the content of which corresponds to the federal component of the state educational standard of general education".
In the Federal lists of textbooks recommended or approved for use in the educational process in educational institutions that have state accreditation and implement educational programs of general education, for the 2012/2013 academic year(Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No. 2885 of December 27, 2011) the division of textbooks into systems (programs) was again absent. Textbooks belonging to completed subject lines were grouped only by subjects of primary general education.
Based on information posted on the official websites of publishers and program authors, and in accordance with the Federal List of Textbooks for 2013/2014 academic year(Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia No. 1067 of December 19, 2012) the following teaching and learning systems could be distinguished:
- "School of Russia"
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