How to find data on the Internet. Useful tricks for searching the Internet

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Quite often there is a need to obtain information about a certain person who is a potential counterparty, client, seller/buyer of real estate, borrower from a bank, etc. The Internet can help you!

Thanks to the database for searching people on the Internet, this opportunity today exists for citizens of Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Moldova and Latvia, whom you can “punch” through this database, even if you only have their passport information. As a matter of fact, any search begins with checking the validity of the passport.

What does checking the validity of a passport give?

You can check it on the website of the Federal Migration Service https://service.nalog.ru/inn.do by entering the series and passport number and captcha (code in the picture) in the appropriate fields. Here are the possible answers:
this passport is “Valid”: it means that everything is in order with the passport;
this passport is “Invalid”: either it is fake or it has expired; if it was replaced with a new one, then the message will indicate “Invalid (REPLACED WITH NEW)”;
if the answer is “Currently does not appear in the electronic records of the Federal Migration Service of Russia”), then it is not at all necessary that the passport is invalid. It is possible that information about the passport has simply not yet been received from the relevant territorial authority that issued it, or the passport record is currently being tested in software package bases.

How to get information about the TIN number

This can be done on the website of the Federal Tax Service https://service.nalog.ru/debt: just follow the link and fill out the request form, after which the TIN number will appear.

If the answer reads “According to the information you provided, the TIN assigned when registering you with the tax authority was not found in the FDB of the Unified State Register of Real Estate,” then this means that this person There is no TIN. True, this happens extremely rarely, so it’s worth checking whether you entered the initial data correctly when asked.

How to check tax debts

To check whether a person has debt, you need to know his TIN number (see previous paragraph). Tax debts can be clarified on the website of the Federal Tax Service https://service.nalog.ru/debt.

First, you will have to carefully read the verification conditions and agree to them, after which you will be automatically redirected to the data entry form, where you will enter them. As a result, you will receive a List of debts available on the date of verification.

This list indicates not only the amounts of debts, but also their type (unpaid taxes, penalties, fines, alimony, etc.). This, by the way, allows you to get an idea of the property owned by the person being inspected.
Since you find yourself on this site, check yourself at the same time - what if you have some kind of unpaid fine that you simply forgot about? In this case, the consequences can be the most unpleasant: from the appearance of bailiffs to a ban on traveling abroad.

If you have a debt, you need to select a payment method, check the box, enter your home address, print a receipt and pay according to it, although electronic payment options are also possible. The main thing is that the debt is eliminated.

How to find out your registration address and number home phone person

How to find out the residence (registration) address and home phone number of a person

As for the home phone, many, especially advanced young people, prefer a mobile phone, and they simply don’t have a home phone. But as for registration, or rather, registration, everyone has it except the homeless.

You can find out your residence permit (registration) in the address directory http://telkniga.com: you need to select the country, then the city and enter the name of the person being checked, after which you will receive his registration address and, if available, his home telephone number.

If the information you are looking for is not found in the above address directory, then here additional features For search:
address directory 2 http://www.telpoisk.com
address directory only for Moscow http://infobaza.org

How to check criminal records and trials going on this moment

what city is it registered in? If you have a copy of your passport, your registration is indicated on it. If you do not have a copy of your passport, find out your registration address (see previous paragraph). If a person is not registered anywhere, then look at the previous place of registration. By the way, if you have received information about a person’s registration, if possible, look where he was registered before.

If the region of registration of a person is known, you need to find the court of this region on the Internet, since in accordance with the law, an application to the court is filed at the place of registration of the person if he acted or acts as a defendant. But if you need to find out whether he himself filed a lawsuit against someone, then you will have to check all the courts in your city in the same way. True, there is always a possibility that this could have happened in another city.

It should be remembered here that some courts have a different name. So, for example, in St. Petersburg in the Admiralteysky district the court has the old name - “Leninsky District Court”.

Having found out the name of the court, you should go to the “Information on the progress of cases” page (sometimes it may be called “Legal Proceedings”) and enter the person’s full name in the search bar. Review the information received very carefully, as sometimes the last names are the same, so it is important to pay attention to the initials.

Here you can find out in which court cases a person acts as a plaintiff or defendant, and what the essence of the claims is. Since the case number is also indicated, you can follow the link to it and study the information card containing information about the progress of the case.

How to check whether criminal suspects are wanted

The easiest way to do this is on the website Federal Service Bailiffs http://www.fssprus.ru/iss/suspect_info, and an advanced search is possible. In the search bar, you need to select your region, enter the person’s last name, first name and patronymic in full and click the “Find” button.

If in response you receive the message “Nothing was found for your request,” it means that everything is fine with the person and he is not wanted. But to be one hundred percent sure of this, you should click on the link “Show all results from the selected region”, which provides a list of all persons

How to check for wanted status in enforcement proceedings

This can be done on the website of the Federal Bailiff Service http://www.fssprus.ru/iss/ip_search: select your region in the search bar, enter the full last name, first name and patronymic of the person and click the “Find” button (and an advanced search is also possible ).

If in response you receive the message “Nothing was found for your request,” it means that everything is fine with the person and he is not wanted as part of enforcement proceedings. Just in case, click on the link “Show all results from the selected region” and study the list of wanted persons in your region (pay attention to the initials).

How to check if a person owns a car

This can be done on the website of the Traffic Police Database (http://nomer.today/mosgibdd/), although it is somewhat outdated, but here you can find useful information about the car of the person you are looking for and its license plate number.

Check for search of debtors' cars

On the website of the Federal Bailiff Service http://www.fssprus.ru/iss/search_amts you can check whether the car is wanted: to do this, you need to select your region in the search bar, enter the state. car number (you can use the advanced search) and click on the “Find” button.

If the response message is “Nothing was found for your request,” it means that the car is not wanted as part of enforcement proceedings. Still, just in case, follow the link “Show all results from the selected region” and check if the number you are looking for is there.

How to check a person using the database of enforcement proceedings

This is done on the same website of the Federal Bailiff Service http://www.fssprus.ru/iss/ip, only here the search is carried out in two subsections - individuals and legal entities.
Specify in the section " Territorial authorities» region official registration individual or if we're talking about O legal entity, place of its registration with the Federal Tax Service. It is not necessary to indicate the date of birth of an individual, but if the data matches someone, then filling out the field in the format DD.MM.YYYY will allow for more accurate identification.

After entering your full name, click on the “Find” button and receive not only a list of debtors, but also the number of the enforcement proceedings, as well as the subject of execution. All this needs to be carefully studied.

If you have an enforcement proceedings number, then information from the database of enforcement proceedings can be obtained in the “Search by enforcement proceedings number” section.

How to check a person through Internet search engines

Internet search engines (Yandex, Google, Mail, Rambler - these are the most popular) can provide a lot of useful information, for example, that the person you need was registered on sites based on interests, was mentioned in the press, advertised for sale, etc.

In each search engine, you need to enter the person’s full name, as well as just his last name with initials. When following the links you receive, carefully study all the information found. These could be advertisements or various kinds of mentions, as well as photos and videos that should also be viewed.

Then enter parts of the information received in the form of phrases into the search bar again and continue following the links received. There may be quite a lot of information.

The same must be done with his phone number in different options:
+7 921 ХХХ ХХ ХХ, or 8921ХХХХХХ, or 8-921-ХХХ-ХХ-ХХ, etc. It is advisable to summarize all the information collected in this way in one document.

There are a lot of social networks today: Odnoklassniki, VKontakte, Facebook, Twitter, LiveJournal, Moy Mir on Mail.ru, and LinkedIn; there may be others, less well known. Go to those where you already have registration (and register if necessary) and start searching.

Information previously obtained from the Internet will be useful as search parameters: place of residence, hobbies, photos and videos, etc. You can start the search by full name (do not forget that women can be searched by maiden name).

When a person who fits all the parameters has been found, it is advisable to determine the range of his interests and acquaintances, level of education, interests, place of work, and often indicate contact information. If necessary, add yourself as a friend, then you can find out any information that interests you from his friends.

Pay attention to photos and videos posted by users, signatures, date of shooting and circle of participants; view your status history. Collect all the information you find into a separate document.

How to identify a person by car number

If you know the state number of the car that the person you are interested in owns, then on the website of the State Traffic Safety Inspectorate (http://nomer.today/mosgibdd/) you just need to enter this number in the appropriate column to find out who the car is registered to and its telephone number owner.

You can also use the Numplate social network website http://numplate.ru/search. True, this social network is still young, and therefore is not well promoted, and its database is not very large, but you can get the information you are looking for if you enter the desired state instead of the proposed example x000xx00. number, so you can get a link to the car owner’s page.

How to get through a person by phone number

If you know your home phone number, then in the telephone directory http://spravkaru.net you can select the country at the bottom of the page, then the city, then select the desired phone number and get information about the person’s full name and home address.

If you cannot find information in this source, you can look in others:
phonebook 2 http://telpoisk.com;
Moscow telephone directory http://infobaza.org; here you need to enter the phone number in the format ХХХХХХХ and click the “Search” button, information about your full name, age and home address will be provided;
if we are talking about a cell phone, then in the directory http://spravkaru.net/mobile you can find out which operator the person uses and how long this number has been in existence.

To call a person by number cell phone, you can use the search engines Yandex, Google, Mail and Rambler. It is better to enter the number in several options: +7 921 ХХХ ХХ ХХ, 8921ХХХХХХ, 8-921-ХХХ-ХХ-ХХ, etc.

If the number was mentioned in advertisements, next to photos and videos, on social networks, etc., then it will definitely pop up. The information received must again be entered into the search bar (this could be some phrase, for example) and continue to follow the links found. Information collected It is advisable to save and summarize on a separate page.

But what you shouldn’t do is use the services of Internet scammers who offer to dial a cell phone number for a minimal fee and find out who the subscriber is. The same applies to offers to purchase a database of all subscribers mobile communications, since the information is considered classified, its acquisition is considered as illegal distribution and, accordingly, is punishable by law.

How to get through a person by IP address

If you have information about an IP address, you can find out a lot about its owner. For this there is special service- whois. On the IP Address Checking website http://www.dnsstuff.com, just enter the IP address in the WHOIS Lookup window, after which you will receive all the information that is available about it.

If the ip is static, then this service will indicate the full name of the person for whom it is registered, his address Email and a telephone and a number of others additional information: when this range was rented, for how long and for which organization.

If this IP address is dynamic, then the service will only provide information about the provider.

How to check a company

You can check the existence of a company both by name and by OGRN/GRN/TIN on the website of the Federal Tax Service http://egrul.nalog.ru by filling out the search fields and clicking the “Find” button. As a result of the search, you will receive a list of companies that match the parameters of your request. All that remains is to select the one you are looking for, click on its name and get current information about the legal entity and the entries made in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities in relation to it.

How to find a company

The easiest way to do this is on the yellow pages website http://www.allinform.ru by typing the company name into the search bar. You will receive information about its actual address, location, phone number, website.

It might seem like a simple question, but many people don’t understand how they’re ruining their lives. false information. Previously, people had a problem: there was no freely available information at all. Nowadays, there is another problem - there is simply an overabundance of it, while 90% of it is complete nonsense, which only interferes and does not help in work.

I believe that one of the key skills of a webmaster is the correct search and processing of information. If you know how to do this, you will achieve great heights in any business.

If you simply enter a query into a search engine, in most cases it will give you complete garbage. Since the search is tailored to most people, and most people satisfy general information, rather than practical or narrowly focused.

For example, you enter the query “How to become rich?” and you are given ordinary articles that generally answer this question. But it is logical to assume that the most helpful information This question will be answered by a practitioner who has already become rich and it is his article that should be in first place, but alas, this is not happening. Of course, you can change the query “How I became rich” and the results will be better.

Wikipedia, by the way, is also not a particularly truthful resource, as it is filled ordinary people, and not practitioners in their topics. My wife is a doctor, sometimes she finds mistakes there.

Medical content in general interesting topic in RuNet. Not a single search engine can rank it properly, or maybe there is simply no normal content? Yandex is trying to attract assessors with medical education and more or less they are succeeding, the results are getting better.

But most of the information is only misleading. And mothers, having read it, spread it among themselves and on forums. This is how myths are born. With which they then go to doctors or, even worse, self-medicate and only make things worse for themselves or their loved ones.

I recently came across an interesting note. It turns out that in Europe few people look for medical information on the Internet. In Russia, everyone is their own doctor. I think this has something to do with our television. As we know, it is negative, so a lot of news shows that the doctor messed up and only made it worse.

That's why people in Russia don't really trust doctors and turn to the Internet. But the level of medicine, of course, also favors this. Many people think - I would rather be treated at home than go to an uneducated doctor.

How do you still need to look for information?

1. Look for practitioners, so I often add the word blog or forum to the request. But I also look at what kind of author he writes. For example, at one time a lot of people created a bunch of SEO blogs, when it was fashionable and copied information from one source to themselves, and so a lot of seo myths. Which are still very relevant :)

2. Try to search for information in narrowly niche sources. For example, I needed information about whether it is profitable to invest money in a non-state pension fund. First, I found an investment forum, and then I started looking for this information there. By the way, I often look for information on websites, not through a search, but through the “site:” operator. It seems to me that it’s more reliable to search this way; the search forms on many sites leave much to be desired and the search quality is poor.

In general, I would advise you to study search operators; they are very helpful when you need to exclude something in the search or use a non-standard approach to search.

4. Be careful about conferences and new technologies. Because most conferences and supposedly new technologies are created to make money and sow a totalitarian regime in the minds of clients.

I’ll give you an example that I recently heard from a respected practitioner in the SMM niche. Naturally, at most conferences they will tell you how social media It’s now fashionable that SEO and context are already boring, but social networks are the future, new technologies, etc.

They will tell you that working on social networks consists of many tools - groups, competitions, viruses, reputation, geoservices, applications, etc. You immediately get the feeling that there are a lot of tools on social networks and you don’t even understand what to use.

It is a myth. There are only two tools in social networks. The first is daily communications with your audience and the second is everything else. It is profitable for agencies to give birth to such myths, since competitions, viruses, reputation are work with content, which means they can sell it to you so that you can then post this content on your own. This is how posts with cats are born commercial accounts. But making money on communications with the audience is very difficult. There is even this expression:

It’s the same with SEO, it would seem that doing SEO is not such a difficult task, even a student can handle it. But no, it has been elevated to a cult and only a select few can practice it. The power of content, the power of conferences in action. Therefore, I advise you to carefully consume content from conferences.

5. You should also not listen to those who benefit from disseminating this information. For example, Yandex disabled links and immediately a bunch of articles started pouring in from link aggregators, the links still work, and so on. We understand that it is beneficial for them to say so.

They are also joined by SEO agencies, which were filtered for links that say - it was only our site that was filtered, but our clients were not touched.

But it is also beneficial for Yandex to say that it has disabled links in order to sow fear and panic :) Therefore, you should not trust anyone, just check it yourself or look for independent experts.

6. Use trusted sources.

7. Always doubt information until you check it for yourself.

8. Try to simplify, not complicate. We often complicate many things because of the same information.

9. Take courses only for practitioners. A lot of information businessmen have divorced.

10. Ask practitioners who have achieved something in a matter that interests you. They are always willing to answer.

11. Consume information only when you need it. You should not read articles that are not useful to you at the moment. Ask yourself the question - do I need this information now?

Too much information can make you sick. Very often, doctors in their first years suffer from this, so they smoke, drink and get sick the most, if you look at the statistics among students. But they are forced to force this information, and you have the right to choose.

How to process information?

If there is some kind of problem and I need to solve it with the help of information, then I build a mindmap. According to the usual algorithm, like in computer science in fifth grade.

We write a problem, look for information and start creating branches that will help us solve this problem. It's interesting, simple and very convenient.

A mindmap is generally a handy thing; sometimes it allows you to open your eyes to many things and questions.

Absolutely any human activity modern world, if we are talking about even the slightest development and obtaining new information, it involves searching for new data. But simply looking for information is one thing, but searching for it professionally and competently is another. In this lesson we will talk about what information search is in general, where and how to look for information, how to select sources of information, analyze them and check for reliability, and also talk about the rules for searching for information on the Internet and working with the data received.

What is information retrieval?

The concept of “information retrieval” was first used in 1948 by an American mathematician and specialist in the field computer technology Calvin Mooers, but it began to appear in the public literature only in 1950.

Automated information retrieval (meaning information retrieval systems) was originally used to find scientific data and relevant literature, and was used by universities and public libraries. However, with the advent and development of the Internet, information retrieval has become widespread.

In essence, information search is the process of identifying in a certain array of text documents those data that relate to a specific topic and satisfy specified conditions, and in which there are necessary information and facts.

The process of searching for information consists of several successive stages through which data collection, processing and provision are ensured. Typically, the search is carried out as follows:

The information need is determined and the request is formulated
A set of sources is identified that may contain the necessary information.
Information is extracted from identified sources
The data is reviewed and the search results are evaluated

But, despite the fact that at the first stage you need to decide as correctly as possible what specific information you are going to look for (and this may seem paramount), it is the second stage that is of greatest importance, because deciding where to look for information is an order of magnitude more difficult.

Where to look for information?

The question of where to look for information is indeed very important. And first of all, for the reason that this is the information age. And this, in turn, means that information retrieval currently has its own specifics.

Let's remember: at the end of the last century and even the beginning of this century, people turned to specialized institutions to search for information. These include libraries, archives, card indexes and other similar information bodies. But if at that time, in order to find information about what he was interested in, a person had to get ready, leave the house, get to the right place, fill out an application, stand in line to give it, wait a while until the necessary literature was found, and then spend several hours searching for specific information and writing it down on paper, then today all these points can be bypassed, because Almost every home has a computer and Internet access. Based on this, relevant even in the not so distant past information bases(archives, libraries, etc.) today, if they have not lost their relevance, then, in any case, they have a much smaller number of clients.

To find what you need on the Internet, you just need to enter a query in the line search service(remember the first stage), click the “Find” button and select the most suitable of the proposed options - Internet pages. We will continue to talk about searching for information on the Internet a little later, but for now we will note that you should not neglect traditional methods of searching for information, and from time to time you can visit a library, card index or archive. In addition, this will allow you to diversify your activities, unwind and spend time in an unusual, useful and interesting way.

Speaking about the selection of sources for searching for information, one cannot help but touch upon the issue of reliability, which indicates the need to be able to analyze data sources and identify those that can be trusted.

How to choose reliable sources of information?

Any discussion on the topic of what sources there may be and which should be considered reliable, one way or another, will lead us to a stylistic understanding of the sources of information, and there are a considerable number of them. Let's present only the most common ones:

Scientific research backed by real empirical evidence
Popular scientific reflections, including both factual empirical data and subjective points of view of people who are specialists in a particular field
Philosophical treatises and arguments that are distinguished by the greatest originality, subjectivity and form of presentation
Fiction, which, as a rule, serves as a source of information - food for thought, but not reliable empirical data
Journalistic works are a category of works that are devoted to current phenomena and problems of the current social life. Often in such works you can find a lot of reliable data and facts.
Mass media - a set of bodies for the public transmission of information, such as television, radio, magazines and newspapers, as well as the Internet

You should always take into account that almost no source of information data can be 100% reliable. The only exceptions are Scientific research and, to some extent, popular scientific reflections, because, as has already been noted, they contain mainly facts confirmed by experience and officially recognized by the scientific community (there are, of course, people and points of view that run counter to generally accepted, but in this article we will not consider special cases).

Information from any other sources should be carefully checked to ensure its relevance and veracity. But before moving directly to the principles of information selection, it would not be superfluous to say that for the process of information retrieval itself it is very convenient and efficient use ideas of a special philosophical direction - positivism, because thanks to this, in a number of cases (especially if it concerns the search for specifically scientific data), many questions disappear by themselves.

Just a little about positivism

Positivism is a philosophical school of thought about methods and procedures scientific activity, in which it is believed that the only source of true and valid knowledge in general is only empirical (experimentally confirmed) research.

Positivism also says that philosophical research does not carry cognitive value. The basic premise of positivism is that any genuine (aka positive) knowledge is a set of results of special sciences.

The main goal of positivism is to obtain objective knowledge, which is possible only through testing information in practice. With all this in mind, we can once again return to the idea that the most reliable sources of information are scientific research and popular science speculation.

Armed with this principle as a basic one, you can begin to use others.

Principles of information selection

There are several principles for selecting information:

The principle of visibility

The information being studied, which corresponds to this principle, has the following characteristics:

Information is accessible for perception and understanding
The images formed by the information are reliable, because they can be modeled and their sources identified
Basic concepts, objects and phenomena can be demonstrated
Information meets the requested criteria

Scientific principle

The scientific principle implies that the information being studied corresponds to modern scientific data. If such correspondence is observed, then it becomes possible to detect inaccuracies and errors, perceive other points of view, be guided by one’s own argumentation and transform information by comparing it with another.

Briefly, the criteria for the scientific principle can be expressed as follows:

The data corresponds to modern scientific ideas
If there are errors and inaccuracies in the data array, they are not capable of leading to distortions in the objective picture regarding the issue under consideration
The information may take the form of a historical document that shows the path of development of specific scientific knowledge

Principle of relevance

According to this principle, information should be practical, topical, relevant to modern needs, important for this moment time. Such information can arouse the greatest interest, as opposed to irrelevant information. Here you need to be guided by the following considerations:

It is desirable that the information be close in time and of concern to the researcher
Information can be a document that expands the understanding of the object under study
The information must have historical value or be otherwise important
Information may be classic example something that everyone knows

Systematic principle

If the information complies with the principle of systematicity, one can observe its repeated repetition in one or another interpretation within one source or in the same or another similar interpretation in other sources.

Thus, the information is worthy of attention and can be applied if:

Similar data can be found in various databases
Different interpretations do not destroy the integrity of ideas about the same problem

Accessibility principle

Often, difficulties in searching and processing information can be caused, firstly, by its content itself, and, secondly, by the style in which it is presented. For this reason, when working with information, it is necessary to take into account that:

Information should not only be understandable in terms of terminology, but also expand the researcher’s thesaurus, which is why it will be perceived as interesting, but not banal
The information should correspond to the terminology that the researcher has, but it should cover a specific topic with different sides
Information should also involve didactic processing, which removes the terminological barrier; in other words, information can be adapted to suit you, while maintaining its meaning

Redundancy principle

The information being studied should allow the researcher to highlight the main idea, find the hidden meaning, if any, come to an understanding of the author’s position, determine the goals of the presentation, and develop the ability to relate the content to the purpose.

The principles of information retrieval that we discussed can be applied when working with any data sources: books, documents, archival materials, newspapers and magazines, as well as Internet sites. In fact, these principles are universal, but here you should clearly understand that to search for information in traditional sources they may be quite sufficient, but when searching for information on the Internet, in order to avoid mistakes, you must follow one more set of rules.

Rules for searching information on the Internet

For an experienced user, searching for information on the Internet is extremely simple, however, for people who are faced with the issue of automated information retrieval for the first time, this process may seem quite complicated due to the abundance of various search operators. Below we will look at simple search and advanced search, and also indicate Additional information, which will be useful when searching for data on the Internet.

Easily search for information on the Internet

To begin with, it is worth saying that the most popular search engine in the world is Google. In Russia, “Yandex”, “[email protected]” and “Rambler” are added to it.

To find the information you need, you just need to enter search bar service the query of interest, for example, “Ivan the Terrible” or “How to drive a car correctly,” and press “Find” or the “Enter” key on the computer keyboard. As a result, the search engine will return many pages that provide information on the requested query. Please note that the most relevant results are those located on the first page of the search engine.

Advanced search for information on the Internet

In principle, an advanced search is no different from a simple search, except that you can specify additional parameters.

Using special filters, the user has the opportunity to set additional conditions for your request. This may be limited by region, specific site, the desired language, the form of the word or phrase, the date the material was posted, or the file type.

To activate these functions, you need to click on the special icon located on the search engine page. Will open extra menu, where the restrictions are set. Filters (restrictions) are reset by clicking the “Clear” button on the search engine page.

Additional Information

Each user should keep in mind that:

A region restriction starts a search in the specified region. As a standard (Default), requests are usually issued for the region from which the user accesses the Network.
Restriction on the form of the request starts a search in those documents where the words have exactly the form that is in the request, but the order of the words may change. The user can set the case of letters (uppercase or lowercase), any part of speech and form, i.e. declension, number, gender, case, etc. By default, search engines search for all forms of the requested word, i.e. if you ask “wrote”, the search engine will search for “write”, “will write”, etc. The search engine will not look for words with the same root.
A site restriction triggers a search for information among documents available on a specific site.
A language restriction starts a search for information in the selected language. It is possible to set a search in several languages simultaneously.
A file type restriction triggers a search for a specific document format, i.e. by specifying the appropriate extensions, you can find text documents, audio and video files, documents intended to be opened special programs and editors, etc. It is possible to set a search for several types of files at the same time.
An update date restriction triggers a search based on the specific date the document was posted. The user can find a document from a specific date, month and year, and also set a time period - then the search engine will display all the information added during this period of time.

These rules will be enough to search for information on the Internet. Any person can master it, and it will take very little time - usually literally 2-3 three practical approaches are enough.

But what to do with the information found, since its entire array is not required for study? No matter how you choose to search for information on a topic of interest - going to the library or clicking on websites while drinking coffee - in addition to having search skills, you also need to be able to process the material you are studying. And note-taking and some other techniques are perfect for this.

Working with the information received: notes, mental maps, reference diagrams and flowcharts

Note-taking is rightfully considered the most popular and used method of processing information. Considering this, we decided to pay the greatest attention to this process, and mental maps, reference diagrams and block diagrams are for informational purposes only.

What is a synopsis?

As we all know, a summary is a written text that consistently and briefly summarizes the main points of any source of information. Note-taking involves bringing information taken from the original to a certain structure. The basis of this process is data systematization. Notes can be either exact excerpts and quotes, or in the form of free writing - the main thing is that the meaning remains. The style in which the summary is kept is in most cases close to the original source.

When compiled correctly, the notes reflect the logical and semantic connection of what is being written down. The notes can be taken after some time or given to a friend, and reading and understanding the material will not cause difficulties. A competent summary facilitates the perception of even the most complex information, because it is expressed in an understandable form.

Notes also differ in types, and in order to be able to correctly use the type of notes that is more suitable for the work being performed, you need to be able to distinguish between these types.

Types of notes

There are planned notes, schematic planned notes, textual, thematic and free notes. Briefly about each of them.

Planning notes

The basis of a planned outline is pre-prepared material, and the outline itself includes headings and subheadings (paragraphs and subparagraphs). Each of the headings is accompanied by a small text, which is why it has a clear structure.

The planned outline is most consistent with preparation for seminars and public speaking. The clearer the structure, the more logical and complete it will be possible to convey information to the addressee. According to experts, planning notes should be supplemented with notes indicating the sources used, because it is quite difficult.

Schematic plan outline

A schematic plan outline consists of plan points presented in the form of question sentences that need to be answered. When working with information, you need to make several notes for each of the sentences and questions. This outline will reflect the structure and intercom data. In addition, this type of notes helps to understand the material being studied well.

Text summary

The textual summary differs from all others in its maximum saturation, because excerpts and quotes from the original source are used to compile it. It can easily be supplemented with a plan, terms, concepts and theses. It is recommended to compile a textual summary for those who are engaged in the study of literature or science, because here quotations are of particular importance.

But this type of notes is not easy to compile, because... it is necessary to be able to identify the most important passages of text and quotes so that, ultimately, they can give a holistic view of the material studied.

Thematic summary

The thematic summary differs from others most of all. Its meaning is that a specific topic, issue or problem is covered, and a number of sources of information are usually used to compile it.

Through a thematic summary, you can best analyze the topic under study, reveal the main points and study them from different angles. But you need to understand that to compile such a summary you will need to research a lot of sources in order to be able to create a holistic picture - this is an indispensable condition for truly high-quality material.

Free notes

Free abstract is best choice for people who can use different ways working with information. You can include everything in a free summary: abstracts, quotes, text excerpts, outline, notes, extracts, etc. You just need to be able to express your thoughts quickly and competently and work with the material. Many people believe that using notes of this form is the most complete and holistic.

Once you have decided what kind of notes you will make, you can begin the process itself. To do the job efficiently, you need to follow certain rules.

Rules for writing notes

There are several such rules and they are all extremely simple:

Read the text, identify its main features, character, complexity; determine whether it contains terms that you see for the first time. Mark unfamiliar concepts, places, dates, names.
Find out all necessary information about what seemed unfamiliar to you in the text when you first read it. Make inquiries about people and events. Find out the meaning of the terms. Be sure to record the received data.
Read the text again and analyze it. This will help you highlight the main points, divide the information for yourself into separate blocks and notes.
Study the previously noted main points, compose abstracts or write down individual fragments or quotes (if their presence is not necessary, then express the author’s idea in your own words while maintaining the meaning). When recording quotes and excerpts, be sure to note where the information came from and who the author is.
If you have the opportunity to express the author’s thoughts in your own words, then try to do it in such a way that even large amounts of data are expressed in 2-3 sentences.

By applying these recommendations in practice, you will master the skill of competent note-taking, and you will be able to record and process information very quickly and efficiently (you can use the additional one as an aid).

In addition to notes, you can use other equally interesting and effective techniques to record information.

Mind maps

Mental maps, or, as they are commonly called, mind maps, mind maps, thought maps or associative maps, are a method of structuring information that uses graphical records in the form of diagrams.

Mental maps are depicted in the form of tree diagrams, which contain tasks, terms, facts and/or any other data that are connected by branches. Branches, as a rule, depart from the main (central) concept.

Efficiency this method due to the fact that it can be used as a convenient and simple information management tool, which only requires paper and pencil (you can also use a dry erase board and markers).

Support diagrams

Supporting schemes clearly reflect the intellectual psychological structure of a person, which controls his thinking and behavior. They allow you to present information using a logical-graphic language through meaningful supports.

When drawing up a reference diagram, its name is indicated, key concepts are noted, and the indicators and criteria on the basis of which the material is grouped are schematically depicted.

This type of information structuring is very convenient when preparing for tests, exams, and seminars. It can be accompanied by notes and additional notes.

Block diagrams

Flowcharts are another effective method for helping to structure information. He is graphic models, which describe the sequence.

The essence of a flowchart is to depict individual steps in the form of blocks of different shapes. All blocks are connected to each other by arrow lines that indicate the desired sequence of thinking.

Most often, flowcharts are used to work with clearly structured information, when all steps are specific. Each block, having its own shape, indicates a particular thought process, and you can navigate using the block diagram even with minimum quantity text data on it. Convenient to use as an additional tool.

Finally

As one can conclude, searching for information and processing it is not only an interesting, but also a fascinating activity. If you learn to apply this skill, taking into account all the features that we talked about today, finding the necessary information and using it for your own purposes will not be difficult, especially if you perform an acceptable algorithm of actions several times in a row.

In the next lesson you will learn why in the process self-study It is recommended that you follow a specific plan, how to create it, and what you need to pay attention to in order for the training to be as effective as possible.

Test your knowledge

If you want to test your knowledge on the topic of this lesson, you can take a short test consisting of several questions. For each question, only 1 option can be correct. After you select one of the options, the system automatically moves on to the next question. The points you receive are affected by the correctness of your answers and the time spent on completion. Please note that the questions are different each time and the options are mixed.

There is a certain technique for obtaining data from the Internet. If you do everything according to it, and not as you have to, then the search will take very little time and lead to the desired result easily and painlessly.

Of course, there is always the possibility that there is simply no relevant information on the Internet, but if you search “according to science,” then, as a rule, you will be able to find something.

The first thing we need to figure out is where we will look. Second point - correct composition request. But first things first.

Where is all the information on the Internet?

If in our ordinary “real” world all text information is, relatively speaking, in books, then on the Internet it is posted on websites. There are billions of these same sites on the Internet on a variety of topics.

In order to get a book for free in the “real” world, you need to go to the library. There are similar structures on the Internet too, they are called search engines.

We can go into such a system and type in something we want to find. If the request is made correctly, and the search engine has data on this matter, it will give it to us. That is, he will find suitable sites, and to be more precise, individual pages sites that, in his opinion, match the request.

Which search engines to use

The best way to find information is through largest systems- Yandex (yandex.ru) and Google (google.ru). This best search engines of all that exist. Yandex is Russian, Google is international.

I won’t tell you how to use them now - most already know how to do it. Let's talk better about in what situation which system is preferable.

If you don’t know how to use search engines, read the lesson “How and what you can find on the Internet.”

I would recommend the following: when you are looking for information in Russian, first try searching for it through Yandex. On the Russian-language Internet, this system is more popular and, as experience shows, is better suited for “our” people.

If Yandex didn’t show anything suitable, then ask Google the same. You can do this directly from Yandex. To do this, you need to scroll down to the bottom of the page with unsuccessful search results until this inscription:

If you need to find data in English or another foreign language, I recommend going straight to Google. After all, this is an international search engine and it searches better for other countries.

How to formulate a request

How exactly we “ask” the system will determine whether we receive or not receive necessary information. The search engine will give us the result in any case, but not always the one we would like to receive.

Many people think that the ability to correctly formulate a request comes with experience that accumulates over the years. It is true, but this happens only because a person simply begins to understand (often intuitively) how the search engine works.

We must remember that any search engine is a machine. You can call it another way: program, artificial intelligence. That is, this is not a person, but a soulless system. She does not understand understatement, vague wording, hints and irony. Although in Lately technology has improved significantly.

Let's look at composing a query through the eyes of a search engine. Let's say I open a search engine and type the word “printer” in the print query line. After that I click on the search button.

The system receives a command to “search” the entire Internet and find information on the printer for me. But what exactly do I need? Do I want to buy a printer or just read about it? Or maybe my printer is broken and I want to find a repair shop? Or buy it Consumables(cartridges, ink)?

The search engine is confused, so it tries to provide all the options. Here are the results it shows me:

As you can see, there are articles about the printer, and online stores where you can buy them, and repair shops, and even stores that sell cartridges.

Let's say I need to find out information about specific model printer. But there are thousands of them - how does a search engine know which one I’m interested in?! He can't read minds...

To help him, you need to type exactly what you need to find. Not just “printer” - this is a very broad concept - but a specific model.

And the result will not be long in coming:

This means that in order for the search engine to understand us, we need to formulate the request more specifically. But do not overdo it - it is advisable not to use unnecessary words, otherwise the system may simply get confused.

Example. My video stopped working. Moreover, it works on the computer itself, but not on the Internet. You could type the following query: “What to do if the video doesn’t work.” But, firstly, this request is inaccurate - after all, I only have problems with it on the Internet. And, secondly, it contains a lot of unnecessary words.

It’s better to type the following: “video on the Internet does not work.”

By the way, if you make a grammatical error when typing, most likely the search engine will automatically correct it and show the correct results - without an error. Place punctuation marks in the request and use capital letters is also not required.

Clarification of the request

Even if the user always remembers that queries must be accurate and specific, “misunderstandings” with the search engine still happen. In this case, you just need to clarify the request - add a word or several words. Then the system will understand what exactly we want and show more suitable results.

Everything seems to be accurate and specific, but the results I get are not the same. The system actually gives me information about the film and even sites where I can watch it. But this is absolutely not the film we need. Apparently there are several of them with this name.

This means you need to clarify your request. To do this, I simply add some additional information (year, country, director).

What to do if it still says “wrong”

It happens that the request is well written and there is a clarification for it, but still the results are not satisfactory. Either the information is wrong or its quality is poor.

We have already said that in this case it makes sense to go to another search engine. But what to do if the picture is the same there?!

Then you should reformulate the request - write the same thing, but in different words. And sometimes it’s better to even expand it - make it less precise.

Example. Let’s say I’m a pensioner and want to learn a computer for free via the Internet. I type the most accurate request “free computer courses on the Internet for pensioners."

I'm getting results. Some of them are paid courses for pensioners. Others are free, but on-site. And the third - it’s not clear at all.

This means you just need to reformulate the request. For example, instead of “computer courses,” type “computer training.”

Or you can try to shorten it altogether:

conclusions

We search for Russian-language queries first in Yandex. If it doesn’t work, go search on Google (you can directly from the yandex.ru results).
We search for queries in English and other foreign languages on Google.
In the case when we want to read about some phenomenon, object or person “in general,” it is better to type a general request. Example: printer, default, fellini.
And if you need to know something specific, we try to formulate the request more precisely. Example: printer device, default in Russia 1998, Fellini filmography.
If the result does not meet expectations, we clarify the request. In the case where the exact query does not give the desired result, we reformulate it.

Many search engine users Google systems When resorting to her help, they notice that it is often not always possible to find the information you need the first time. Perhaps users believe that these are shortcomings of the search engine itself, but this is not always the case. Sometimes, in order to find very specific information, you need to resort to the help of special tools (operators) of a given search engine.

How to search on Google correctly?

To begin with, do not forget that the algorithm Google results is case insensitive, in other words, if you enter “Russia” or “Russia” into the query, the search result will not change. However, this search engine is very sensitive to the algorithm of search operators, which is why search results for the queries “Windows OR Linux” and “Windows or Linux” may differ radically.

The next thing to consider is that Google search engine does not take into account many words - connectives, for example, such as “and”, “a”, “but” and the like. For this reason the result search results does not depend in any way on their use.

Thirdly, in order to search correctly in this search engine, you should remember the presence certain operators(symbols or words that clarify the search) and learn how to use them.

Such operators are used not only by Google, but also by other search engines, for example, Yandex.

So, Google operators who will help you find the information you need:

«+» - it is better to use when you need to find documents containing more than two words, for example, “SEO + tools”.

«-» - should be used to exclude from issuing documents containing any word, for example, “non-alcoholic drinks.” In this case, the search engine will only find alcoholic drinks.

"OR"- needed to search for documents containing one of several words, for example, “woman OR girl”.

«“”» - needed in order to find documents that contain a certain phrase in the same form in which it is used as search query, for example “buy TV Tver”

«~» - necessary to search for synonyms of words that are specified in the query, for example, “fashion ~ smartphones”.

«..» - used when it is necessary to find documents that contain numeric values at specified intervals, for example “300...500 rubles per day.”

There are also more popular Google operators for proper searches, among which the average user of this search engine may need the following.

"daterange:"- needed to search for documents created in a certain period of time, for example, “fire in Kyiv daterange:20092011-21102010”.

"filetype:"- used when searching for links to a document of a certain type, for example, “Solzhenitsyn’s autobiography filetype:rtf”.

"site:"- needed in order to find all pages of the site you need or pages of the site containing a specific word, for example, “site:dirfreesoft.ru antivirus”.

"phonebook:"- very required operator who is looking for phone numbers By specified parameters, for example, “phonebook: hotels Omsk”.

It turns out it's not that hard to search Google correctly if you know how.

How to search correctly in Yandex?

The answer to this seems to be stupid question in fact, not all Yandex users know. The reason is that greatest number Users of Internet resources do not fully use the capabilities of search programs, which is precisely why, in certain cases, many search engine users may encounter some obstacles and difficulties when finding the necessary information.

Well, how to correctly use the Yandex search engine - the most popular search engine in the Russian-speaking segment World Wide Web?

1. If you need to find a specific, specifically formulated phrase. It is most convenient to use the “ ” operator to search for such phrases; in other words, in order to find a web document in which the phrase you need is located, it should be typed in quotes. For example, "Which files can be excluded from virus scanning?"

2. If you need to find a quote, but you have forgotten some words or simply don’t know. There is no difficulty in this. In this case, you should enclose the entire phrase in quotation marks, and put the “*” sign in place of the forgotten words. For example, “I’m coming to you * what more.”

3. If you need to generate results based on several words or phrases at the same time. For such an operation, the | operator should be used; it should be used after each searched word or phrase. For example, raspberry | strawberries | strawberry.

4. If you have to find several words that are in one sentence. When performing this task, you need to use the & operator, it must be placed between the search words. For example, the monument to Mayakovsky & Samara.

5. If you need to find a document that contains a particular word. To do this, use the + operator. It should be used before the search words and should not be separated by a space. The request may also contain clarifying words or phrases. For example, a monument to Chapaev + a square.

6. If you need to exclude documents from your search that contain any specific word. Then you need to use the operator -. It is placed before the words that need to be excluded and is not separated by a space. For example, modern laptop-buy.

7. If you need to find information only from a specific site. In this case, the site operator will help. It is used simultaneously with a colon and is placed immediately before the name of the site. For example, PDF site:dirfreesoft.ru

8. If you need to find documents of one type or another. When searching for such files, you should use the mine operator. It is also used with a colon. For example, instructions for HTS mine:doc.

9. If you need to find information in a specific language. For this task, you need to use the lang operator, after which you should put a colon and specify the selected language for the documents you are looking for. For example, Angels and Demons lang:ru.