Functions of system programs. System programs - abstract

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Systemic software(system software);

Software Basics

Section 5 Computer software

Lecture 10

in the discipline "Informatics and ICT"

TOPIC 2 “ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION OF COMPUTERS”

5.1. Software Basics

5.2. System software (system software);

5.3. System Software Specifications

One of the fundamental principles construction modern computers is the principle of program control, which consists in the fact that the sequence of computer actions is determined in advance given program. This principle ensures the versatility of the computer, since the computer can be used to solve any problem that is described by a sequence of actions leading to the required result.

Computer program (electronic computer)- an objective form of representing a set of data and commands intended for the operation of computers and other computer devices in order to obtain a certain result, including preparatory materials obtained during the development of a computer program and the audiovisual displays generated by it. Law of the Russian Federation dated 07/09/93 N 5351-I, art. 4.

For normal operation For the user, one program that provides a solution to a specific problem is not enough, therefore, in the architecture of a computer, a broader concept is used - software. Software Computers are called soft hardware or SOFTWARE.

Software- a set of programs, procedures and rules that ensure the interaction of hardware, as well as user interaction with the computer system. The computer software operates at several interconnected levels, forming a hierarchy in which each subsequent level is based on the software of the previous levels.

Depending on the functions performed by the software, it can be divided into 2 groups:

2. Application software(application software).

System software (system software) organizes the process of information processing on a computer and provides a normal working environment for application programs. System software is so closely related to the hardware that it is sometimes considered part of the computer.

Further development of technology initiated the emergence of new groups of operating system functions. The appearance of a keyboard for manually entering information into a computer led to the inclusion in the operating system of programs that process signals from the keyboard and pre-decrypt them. With the advent of monitors for convenient presentation of intermediate and final results of programs, the inclusion in the operating system of control functions for displaying text and graphic information on the display screen is associated.

Another typical function when working on a computer, it serves to control various external devices (hard drives, floppy disks, monitors, keyboard, etc.). These devices are produced by a variety of companies. Identical in purpose, they can have various characteristics and be completely controlled in different ways. To control an external device brand of a certain company, you need your own special program, which is called device driver .

There are printer drivers, floppy drive drivers, mouse drivers, etc. If your computer comes with a certain set of external devices some brands, then at the same time its software must include the appropriate drivers. Modern operating systems include a large set of different standard drivers. Moreover, when you turn on the computer, they can automatically detect the type of device being used and connect the appropriate driver to work (this service is called Plug & Play). Naturally, this is only possible if the device is “able” to answer questions about its brand (major computer manufacturers provide this service).

All modern operating systems (for example, UNIX or Windows NT) provide multitasking (simultaneous execution of several programs) and multi-user (simultaneous operation of several users) modes of computer operation. Multitasking mode means the simultaneous operation of several programs on a computer. Of course, if a computer contains one central processor, it can only run one program, but the operating system organizes the computer in such a way that it creates the illusion that several programs are running simultaneously.

Multitasking computer operation requires that the operating system provide the following capabilities:

Parallel (pseudo-parallel) execution of several programs;

Placing tasks (i.e. programs) in a queue for execution;

Division of processor resources, memory and access to external devices between programs.

Multiplayer mode work computing system(in particular, one computer) involves the work of several users.

In multi-user mode, the following must additionally be performed:

Separation of processor resources, memory and access to external devices in accordance with user requests and priorities;

Protecting one user's data from access by other users.

Time sharing mode This is an organization of multitasking and multi-user work of programs on one computer, in which each program, depending on its priority, is allocated a time slice during which only this program works. In this case, only a small part of the program is constantly in the computer’s RAM, and the main part of it is loaded while the program is running and unloaded (released) after the end of the time slice allocated to the program.

This option is often used when the computer is running one main (usually interactive) program, which is often in standby mode, and another (computing) program that requires a large amount of processor time or external devices. When the first program waits, the second one runs, when the first program starts running, the second one stops. In this case, the second program is said to run in background. interaction with the operating system

Operating systems have evolved a lot since its inception. At first, several versions of the operating system were used on computers from various companies. For a number of reasons, by the mid-1970s, most computers used the company's machine instruction system and operating system IBM, named disk operating system (DOS) . The same company was one of the pioneers in the development of personal computers. Those models of personal computers that borrowed the architecture and command system of the company IBM, began to be called IBM PC-compatible computers.

Based on operating system DOS Several operating systems have been developed for such computers. Subsequently, almost all PC-compatible personal computers began to be serviced by the company’s operating system Microsoft, called MS DOS. Over time, new versions appeared MS DOS, including more and more new services, but in general the concept of the operating system of this company has remained unchanged.

The most important consequence of the use of operating systems when operating a computer is that, since typical operations of an application program are performed by OS utilities, the program can only work with the operating system for which it is oriented, i.e. programs have become relatively independent of the computer, the main thing is that the required OS runs on it. Modern operating systems are based on the concept virtual machine.

Virtual machine called abstract machine with improved RAM characteristics (called virtual memory) and an unlimited number of external devices, ensuring absolute data security different programs. Application systems are focused on such an ideal virtual machine, and the task of the operating system is to organize the operation of a real computer in such a way that, from the point of view of the application program, it looks like a virtual machine. Implementation of a virtual machine using operating system tools is called emulation virtual machine.

The emergence of computer networks led to the emergence of a new class of standard problems. To ensure network communication between personal computers, network shells began to be used (for example, the system NetWare companies Novell). Network shells, although they are often called operating systems, are not full-featured operating systems, since they assume that each individual computer runs its own operating system. The functions of the network shell are performed by network modules that operate on network computers.

From the point of view of the OS of a separate computer, these network modules are application programs. The network shell takes over all the functions of ensuring the process of data transfer between computers using the following technique: for the user of one computer, data on another computer is presented as another external media information (disk) of this computer. When trying to read a file on this disk (data or program) into RAM, the operating system will contact the network module, and the routines included in Novell, will ensure the correct transfer of data from one computer to another.

The next step in the development of operating systems was the inclusion in them network functions. Such network operating systems include, for example, the operating system Windows NTn different versions UNIX. These systems provide operation both on a separate computer and on a network. At the same time, they are assigned many additional network functions - actions related to establishing communications between network nodes and transmitting data in the network.

However, the operating system functions discussed above also partially change. First of all, this applies to file system. When using network operating systems, the network file space is single, although different disks physically located on different media on different computers. The user can perform the same operations with files that he performs with files on a separate computer, without worrying about the fact that this is actually moving information from one computer to another.

Network OS are always multi-user: you have to keep track of who launched a specific program and who is using a file open in the system. An important function of a network operating system is to provide user access! to data and programs. This function has two aspects: checking the privacy level of the data and checking the user's privileges.

The network system has a mechanism for encoding the level of access to data and encoding user privileges in such a way that it can always be determined whether a given user has access to a given disk, directory or individual file. In addition, they are used various systems passwords that ensure access to data only by the user who owns the data or who is authorized to use the data in full or with restrictions (for example, read-only).

Service software is a set of auxiliary programs designed to diagnose and configure hardware and software, to optimize data exchange and to perform other special tasks. Many utility programs are part of the operating system, but this is not necessary - a significant number of utility programs exist separately from the OS.

Let's highlight some important types of service programs.

Service programs (utilities)- auxiliary programs to provide control with input/output and processing devices and provide processed data in a user-friendly form.

Utilities- these are programs that perform any specific secondary functions to ensure the operation of other programs or hardware elements in order to correct errors or expand the capabilities of working with a computer. For example, programs for diagnosing and setting up equipment, formatting storage media, writing and reading data, archiving data, antivirus scanning etc. are utilities. Utilities usually have user interface, i.e., launched and managed by users.

Let's look at some types of utilities.

Archive programs allow, through the use of special information packaging algorithms, to compress information on disks, i.e. create smaller copies of files, as well as combine copies of several files into one archive file. The use of archiver programs is very useful when creating an archive of files, since in most cases it is much more convenient to store them after having previously compressed them with archiver programs. Data Representatives programs -WinRar and WinZip.

Programs for creating backup copies information allow periodic copying important information located on the computer’s hard drive to additional media. Program representatives Reserve copy- APBackUp, Acronis True Image.

Anti virus programs are designed to prevent infection by computer viruses and eliminate the consequences of virus infection. Representatives of the antivirus program family - McAfee, Kaspersky Antivirus, DrWeb, Norton Antivirus.

Programs for computer diagnostics allow you to check the computer configuration (amount of memory, its use, types of disks, etc.), check the performance of computer devices, and evaluate its performance. Representatives of computer diagnostic programs - Sisoft Sandra, Norton System Information.

Disk optimization programs allow for faster access to information on the disk by optimizing the placement of data on the disk. These programs move all sections of each file closer to each other (eliminate fragmentation), collect all files at the beginning of the disk, etc., thereby reducing the number of disk head movements (i.e., speeding up data access) and reducing wear on the disk. Representatives of disk optimization programs - Norton Disk Doctor, Microsoft Scandisk.

Screen printing programs are very useful when using graphic programs to print out the contents of the screen, since this cannot always be done using the graphics program. Representatives of screen printing programs - SnagIt, HyperSnap-DX.

Let us now consider programs related to service software, but not utilities.

Shells are programs that implement a user interface, i.e. intended for data exchange between a computer and a user. For example, Windows OS contains a built-in shell - the Explorer program. But instead, you can use other shells, for example, the Windows Commander program, which is not included in the Windows OS.

Drivers are device management programs. Designed to facilitate interaction between the device and the operating system. The driver is a software addition to the device and is developed by the device manufacturer. Drivers for many devices are included with the operating system.

Software development systems (programming systems ) is a special group of software that is not related to either system or application software. Programming systems are a set of programs for developing, debugging and implementing new software products.

Programming systems usually contain:

· translators;

· program development environment;

· libraries help programs(functions, procedures);

· debuggers;

· auxiliary programs.

Programming language translators- format translation source programs(written by a programmer) into the required format to work with a given operating system.

Programs Maintenance - to ensure the operation of various technical means used in information systems.

System software ensures the operation of the computer, but does not solve any problems of processing information that is interesting to the user. These functions are performed by the next level of software - application software - the most important class of computer programs for the user.

Test

in the discipline: "Informatics"

System programs

Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………...3

1.System software. Concept and functions………………………4

2. Operating system. Composition and purpose…………………………………...5

3. Programming systems……………………………………………………..7

4. Service programs……………………………………………………………8

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………...9

References…………………………………………………………………………………10

INTRODUCTION

Computers are universal devices for information processing. Unlike a telephone, tape recorder or television, which perform only the functions pre-installed in them, personal computers can perform any information processing actions. To do this, it is necessary to compose an exact and detailed sequence of instructions for the computer in a language it understands, i.e. program on how to process information. The computer itself does not have knowledge in any field of its application; all this knowledge is concentrated in the programs executed on the computer. Therefore, the often used expression “computer made” means exactly that a program was executed on the computer that allowed the corresponding actions to be performed.

By changing programs for your computer, you can turn it into a workplace for almost any specialist, or play some kind of game. During their execution, programs can use various devices for input and output of data.

Thus, to effectively use a computer, you need to know the purpose and properties of the programs required when working with it. The purpose of this test is to study system programs.

1. SYSTEM SOFTWARE.

CONCEPT AND FUNCTION

Programs running on a computer can be divided into several categories:

Application programs that directly provide execution necessary for users works: editing texts, drawing pictures, processing information arrays;

Instrumental systems (programming systems that ensure the creation of new programs on a computer);

System programs that perform various auxiliary functions, for example, creating copies of used information, providing help information about the computer, checking the functionality of computer devices.

Thus, software is a set of programs and rules with all related documentation that allows you to use computer for permission various tasks. System software is a set of software modules, many of which are supplied simultaneously with the computer.

By functional purpose System software can be divided into three components: operating systems (OS), programming systems and service programs.

operating system – a set of programs that provide computer control, planning its effective use of its resources and solving problems as specified by users. This system can be considered as a software continuation and expansion of personal computer hardware.

Programming system – a set of software tools that automate the development and debugging of programs.

2. OPERATING SYSTEM. COMPOSITION AND PURPOSE

To execute any program on a computer, at least two resources are needed: random access memory (RAM) for storing commands and data and a microprocessor (MP) for executing program commands. The specified resources can be provided to the program by the programmer if he manually places commands and data in the OP and enters information into the machine to start the MP. However, this method is not acceptable for large programs, because is very labor-intensive and slow. The computer operating system is designed to free the programmer from painstaking work associated with the distribution of computer resources, managing its equipment and organizing the execution of programs. It can ensure the operation (functioning) of the computer in one of three modes:

1. Single program mode. In this mode, all computer resources are represented by only one program that processes the data.

2. Multi-program mode . When a computer operates in multiprogram mode, several programs independent of each other process data simultaneously. In this case, programs share resources among themselves. The basis of the multiprogram mode is the time combination of MP operation and manipulation of peripheral devices. The advantage of the multi-program mode compared to the single-program mode is more efficient use resources. There are several programs in the computer's RAM at the same time, but at any given time the MP is executing only one.

3. Multitasking mode. In some cases, it is necessary that the implementation of several programs be coordinated and subordinate to the achievement of one common goal. To do this, the OS must have tools that allow tasks to interact with each other. The operating system in which these tools are implemented ensures functioning in multitasking mode.

Purpose of the operating system. The main purpose of the OS that ensures the computer operates in any of the described modes is the dynamic distribution of resources and their management in accordance with the requirements of computing processes. A resource is any object that can be distributed by the operating system between computing processes on a computer. There are hardware and software resources. Hardware includes the microprocessor, RAM and peripheral devices; to software resources – available to the user software for managing computing processes and data. The operating system is an intermediary between the computer and the user, analyzes user requests and ensures their implementation.

3. PROGRAMMING SYSTEMS

A programming system is a set of tools that automate the development and debugging of programs, and includes programming languages, translators from these languages, and libraries of subroutines. Each computer has its own programming language - a machine program language - and can directly execute programs written only in this language. Being a language of numbers, machine language is of little use for programming, because requires a lot of time from the programmer. For this reason, programming languages that do not coincide with machine languages. To languages high level The languages include Pascal, C, BASIC, etc. A special role belongs to Assembly languages. As a rule, system programmers use Assembly language.

A program written in a programming language other than machine language must be converted into a form suitable for execution by a computer. This transformation is called translation. A program that converts a source module into an objective program in machine language is called a translator. In addition, translators carry out parsing program that is being broadcast. They can also debug and optimize programs, issue program documentation, and perform a number of other service functions.

4. SERVICE PROGRAMS

Utility programs expand the capabilities of the OS. They are usually called utilities. Utilities (utilities) - provide the user with auxiliary computer maintenance tools. They perform the necessary software checks and hardware and display the collected information in a convenient visual form. There are individual utilities used to solve one maintenance function, and multifunctional utility kits. Nowadays Norton Utilities (Semantec) is often used in DOS environment and Windows.

Drivers (drivers) are programs that complement operating systems by providing services to peripheral devices. Drivers are loaded into the computer's memory when the operating system boots or are installed by controllers. For example, the ru.com keyboard driver switches from the Latin alphabet to the Russian alphabet and back.

Antiviruses designed to protect data from destruction computer viruses and eliminating the consequences of infection. Among the anti-virus programs, the most popular are AIDSTEST, Dr.Web and Adinf included in the kit of Dialog-Science JSC (I. Danilov), AVP - Anti Viral Toolkit PRO (E. Kaspersky) and Norton AntiVirus (Semantec). Anti-virus programs work on different sets of viruses, and duplication of scanning does not occur, so for reliability they are used together.

Archivers are used to create a smaller copy of files and combine copies of multiple files into one archive file. They create archive files through the use of special information compression methods. Among large number The most popular archiving programs currently used are ARJ (Robert Jung), WinRar (Eugene Roshal), LH (Haruyasi Yoshizaki), etc. They differ from each other in the degree of information compression, operating speed and packaging methods.

CONCLUSION

Thus, system software is a set of software and language tools. System software is designed to control the operation of a computer, distribute its resources, support dialogue with users, assist them in maintaining the computer, and also to partially automate the development of new programs.

Based on their functional purpose, system software can be divided into an operating system, a programming system, and service programs (utilities).

Test

in the discipline: "Informatics"

System programs

Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………...3

1.System software. Concept and functions………………………4

2. Operating system. Composition and purpose…………………………………...5

3. Programming systems……………………………………………………..7

4. Service programs……………………………………………………………8

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………...9

References…………………………………………………………………………………10

INTRODUCTION

Computers are universal devices for processing information. Unlike a telephone, tape recorder or television, which perform only the functions pre-installed in them, personal computers can perform any information processing actions. To do this, it is necessary to compose an exact and detailed sequence of instructions for the computer in a language it understands, i.e. program on how to process information. The computer itself does not have knowledge in any field of its application; all this knowledge is concentrated in the programs executed on the computer. Therefore, the often used expression “computer made” means exactly that a program was executed on the computer that allowed the corresponding actions to be performed.

By changing programs for your computer, you can turn it into a workplace for almost any specialist, or play some kind of game. During execution, programs can use various devices for input and output of data.

Thus, to effectively use a computer, you need to know the purpose and properties of the programs required when working with it. The purpose of this test is to study system programs.

SYSTEM SOFTWARE.

CONCEPT AND FUNCTION

Programs running on a computer can be divided into several categories:

application programs that directly support the work required by users: editing texts, drawing pictures, processing information arrays;

instrumental systems (programming systems that ensure the creation of new programs on a computer);

system programs that perform various auxiliary functions, for example, creating copies of used information, issuing help information about the computer, checking the functionality of computer devices.

Thus, software is a set of programs and rules with all related documentation that allows you to use a computer to solve various problems. System software is a set of software modules, many of which are supplied simultaneously with the computer.

Based on their functional purpose, system software can be divided into three components: operating systems (OS), programming systems, and service programs.

operating system – a set of programs that provide computer control, planning its effective use of its resources and solving problems as specified by users. This system can be considered as a software continuation and expansion of personal computer hardware.

Programming system – a set of software tools that automate the development and debugging of programs.

OPERATING SYSTEM. COMPOSITION AND PURPOSE

Single program mode. In this mode, all computer resources are represented by only one program that processes the data.

Multi-program mode . When a computer operates in multiprogram mode, several programs independent of each other process data simultaneously. In this case, programs share resources among themselves. The basis of the multiprogram mode is the time combination of MP operation and manipulation of peripheral devices. The advantage of the multi-program mode compared to the single-program mode is more efficient use of resources. There are several programs in the computer's RAM at the same time, but at any given time the MP is executing only one.

Multitasking mode. In some cases, it is necessary that the implementation of several programs be coordinated and subordinate to the achievement of one common goal. To do this, the OS must have tools that allow tasks to interact with each other. The operating system in which these tools are implemented ensures functioning in multitasking mode.

Purpose of the operating system. The main purpose of the OS that ensures the computer operates in any of the described modes is the dynamic distribution of resources and their management in accordance with the requirements of computing processes. A resource is any object that can be distributed by the operating system between computing processes on a computer. There are hardware and software resources. Hardware includes the microprocessor, RAM and peripheral devices; to software resources – software tools available to the user for managing computing processes and data. The operating system is an intermediary between the computer and the user, analyzes user requests and ensures their implementation.

3. PROGRAMMING SYSTEMS

A programming system is a set of tools that automate the development and debugging of programs, and includes programming languages, translators from these languages, and libraries of subroutines. Each computer has its own programming language - a machine program language - and can directly execute programs written only in this language. Being a language of numbers, machine language is of little use for programming, because requires a lot of time from the programmer. For this reason, programming languages that do not coincide with machine languages have become widespread. High-level languages include Pascal, C, BASIC, etc. A special role belongs to Assembly languages. As a rule, system programmers use Assembly language.

A program written in a programming language other than machine language must be converted into a form suitable for execution by a computer. This transformation is called translation. A program that converts a source module into an objective program in machine language is called a translator. Translators also parse the program that is being translated. They can also debug and optimize programs, issue program documentation, and perform a number of other service functions.

SERVICE PROGRAMS

Utility programs expand the capabilities of the OS. They are usually called utilities. Utilities (utilities) - provide the user with auxiliary computer maintenance tools. They perform the necessary checks on software and hardware and display the collected information in a convenient, visual form. There are individual utilities used to solve one maintenance function, and multifunctional utility kits. Currently, Norton Utilities (Semantec) is often used in DOS and Windows environments.

Drivers (drivers) are programs that complement operating systems by providing services to peripheral devices. Drivers are loaded into the computer's memory when the operating system boots or are installed by controllers. For example, the ru.com keyboard driver switches from the Latin alphabet to the Russian alphabet and back.

Antiviruses designed to protect data from the destruction of computer viruses and eliminate the consequences of infection. Among the anti-virus programs, the most popular are AIDSTEST, Dr.Web and Adinf included in the kit of Dialog-Science JSC (I. Danilov), AVP - Anti Viral Toolkit PRO (E. Kaspersky) and Norton AntiVirus (Semantec). Anti-virus programs work on different sets of viruses, and duplication of scanning does not occur, so for reliability they are used together.

Archivers are used to create a smaller copy of files and combine copies of multiple files into one archive file. They create archive files through the use of special information compression methods. Among the large number of well-known archiver programs, ARJ (Robert Jung), WinRar (Eugene Roshal), LH (Haruyasi Yoshizaki), etc. are currently the most commonly used. They differ from each other in the degree of information compression, operating speed and packaging methods.

CONCLUSION

Based on their functional purpose, system software can be divided into an operating system, a programming system, and service programs (utilities).

LITERATURE

Ilyushechkin V., Kostin A. System software. – M.: Higher School, 1991. – 127 p.

Very often, novice computer users wonder what system programs are. If you know the principles of their operation and correct application, you can get a lot. The minimum that can be done is to eliminate system errors or speed up the operation of the OS.

General concepts

As the name suggests, such applications are special utilities and means for monitoring the computer system. With their help, you can diagnose all elements of the system and computer, configure the maximum level of PC capabilities, and more. Such utilities act as a layer between the operating system, installed software and computer elements.

An example of such programs are driver packages. To fully understand what these programs are, you need to know their types and what functions they perform.

Classes of system utilities and their functions

All system applications are divided into several main categories. Among them are: management, processing, basic and service. With a superficial examination of system utilities, it can be noted that managers are designed to apply operating system information and are responsible for correct operation active processes.

Processing software is designed to ensure the exchange of information between the OS and installed components. Basic utilities are an important software package for the normal operation of the operating system. Service applications are tools for diagnosing and increasing the productivity of modern operating systems.

System utilities Windows

If we consider operating systems Microsoft Windows, it is worth noting that they have a minimal software package that is loaded onto the computer when installing the operating system. For example, in Windows 7, system utilities can be found in the Start menu if you select Programs, then Accessories, and then System Tools. In addition, there are a couple of directories: “Maintenance” and “Administration”.

These folders contain all system programs that scan, optimize, protect, resuscitate, create backups, and more. Not many users work with these programs, preferring third-party developments. And this is partly justified.

It is impossible to remove operating system programs. Such manipulations as in Android operating systems, where if you have root rights you can uninstall any system utility, are not performed here. You can only remove programs that the user himself installed. And this is correct, because after eliminating some system utility, the entire operating system may stop working.

Third party software

Today, Windows is the most popular operating system among computer users. However, it is ahead of everyone in terms of the number of defects, the presence of vulnerabilities, the minimum package of functions and the absence the right tools. Most likely, this reason forces many system software manufacturers to create many programs and application packages designed for this operating system. It is worth noting that Windows has absolutely no applications for system administration.

Well, everything is quite complicated here. The bottom line is that quite often the message “The program cannot start” appears. This depends on the fact that not all utilities are able to load into the OS due to inappropriate requirements, different structure of the operating system and installed software, lack necessary drivers etc. However, there are many more third-party system utilities than Microsoft. It is necessary that each user's computer has a certain set of programs.

Antiviruses

It is important that after installing or reinstalling the operating system, an anti-virus program is initially loaded that could provide multi-level protection for the computer. It involves monitoring external threats, blocking viruses from entering the PC’s RAM, checking the network and browsing the Internet, and more.

Each user independently chooses their own antivirus. Today there is no shortage of them. The most popular are Kaspersky Lab programs, developed by Eset, Dr.Web, Norton Antivirus and others.

Each antivirus has its own advantages and disadvantages. In addition, some programs are distributed free of charge and are not limited in time of use. Others are paid and very expensive. In general, everyone must decide for themselves.

Archivers

This is another mandatory component that should be present on every computer. Often, such applications are embedded into the operating system shell by default. The best archivers, according to users, are WinRAR, WinZIP, 7-Zip. What are they needed for? Everything is very simple. Today, archives are used almost everywhere. Large files are downloaded from the network in the form of an archive.

Utilities for testing the system and its components

In this case, you can use standard means operating systems, however, they do not always provide detailed data about the state of the system and its elements. For example, by going to “My Computer” - “Properties”, you can see only the basic characteristics of the computer and operating system.

The same is true with DirectX. However, in this case the data is a little more detailed. But even it does not reflect everything that utilities from other manufacturers are capable of. The only advantage of DirectX is the ability to test various Plug&Play gadgets.

You can find out about the operating system load or get acquainted with detailed data by going to the “System Configuration” section, which is called by the msconfig command. You can also visit the “System Information” section through the “Control Panel”. In addition, you can open the “Task Manager” using the Ctrl + Alt + Del buttons.

It is much easier to work with programs like Everest, which can display detailed characteristics installed elements and monitor parameter settings online.

In addition, you can use system administration applications that can perform status checks. local network, its correct operation, prevent threats or unauthorized access to servers and computers.

Optimizers

These kinds of programs are also very important. Every user must understand this. After a certain time, the system begins to slow down, as this is affected by accumulated garbage and various rubbish. In addition, this can happen due to the presence of a lot of fragmented data. In this case, you can use standard operating system tools for cleaning and defragmentation, but from practice, it can be noted that they are less functional than third-party applications.

The situation with the registry is even worse. Windows OS does not have tools to clean it. And eliminate or change incorrect or old keys and entries in manual mode very difficult, and there is a risk of depriving the operating system of its functionality.

Basically, all programs of this type are universal sets that have a fairly wide range of tools for performing any operation. This may include a utility for correcting system errors, a hard drive defragmenter, a disk cleaner or RAM cleaner, which are constantly active processes or services.

You can also note the presence of an optimizer and defragmenter of the system registry, which make it possible to painlessly remove unnecessary data and structure it for quick access. In addition, such software includes an uninstaller for eliminating existing software without leaving any traces behind it, and much more.

No one can deny the versatility and ease of use of this kind of application. The most popular programs in this segment are CCleaner, Advanced System Care, Ashampoo WinOptimizer, etc. In addition, it is worth noting that absolutely all of these utilities have an advanced one-click troubleshooting mode.

Utilities for creating copies and backups

System software for backing up information on the hard drive, drivers and operating system image is as important as other software. Using such applications, you can return working condition operating system in a few minutes. In addition, when saving images of a hard drive, its logical sections or portable drives, you should not worry about the safety of the data even with complete breakdown of the hard disk, USB drive and portable HDD.

Such capabilities are also available in the Windows operating system. Standard Tools allow you to make a special disk for resuscitation or use the “System Restore” menu in the “Control Panel”. However, they may malfunction. In some cases, the presence of an error on the hard drive in the area that is taken as a control point does not allow resuscitation. In this case, even scanning a disk from automatic deletion errors may not bring the desired result.

In this case, special programs such as Acronis True Image can help, which is the most advanced utility in terms of applying capabilities in the manipulations and fine-tuning performed. In addition, image processing utilities can come to the rescue.

Additional options

In addition, among additional tools for comfortable work you need to install packages of codecs and decoders that allow you to watch video and listen to music. The most common such package is K-Lite Codec Pack.

In addition, it is necessary to have Adobe Flash Player that allows you to play Various types streaming video on the network. You also need applications such as Adobe Reader, designed for processing documents with PDF extension, which today represents one of the most popular in its field. Latest program It is not a system one, however, it is simply necessary on a computer. After all, most technical documentation and the instruction manuals come with exactly this extension.

Conclusion

The above system programs are basic, i.e. those required for proper operation operating system and optimization of its functioning. Available a large number of various system software that allow you to solve specific problems. It’s simply impossible to describe everything, so if any problems arise, you need to find the desired program and install it on your computer.

IN modern world It is no longer possible to imagine a work or home environment without a computer. Thanks to this machine, or rather the programs embedded in it, important processes interaction between man and technology. The user performs a series of actions that allow him to solve the task, for example, write a text, draw a picture, create a table. Today absolutely everything is computerized. It is impossible to imagine working in an office, school, or any other institution without a PC. Communication with a computer, fortunately or unfortunately, has become a part of life.

System programs control the processor, input, output, and memory of a computer or laptop. They are intended for all users and are designed in such a way that the PC can perform them. Operating systems, which are also Windows programs, manage resources on a computer. Among the system ones there are also utilities. They are auxiliary, complement the capabilities of the computer OS and can independently solve certain tasks.

What is this?

System Windows programs perform various functions, maintain disks, check the performance of the computer and its devices. For example, drivers perform many most important tasks, supplied by the user. They are used to connect different devices. All system programs can be divided into three categories.

Applications edit texts, images, and process information.
Instrumental ones create new programs.
System ones perform a number of additional functions, for example, they create copies of ready-made information, provide help information, and check the functionality of all PC devices.

The computer software is the control center. It consists of specific programs: operating systems, service and programming.

Where can I download?

System programs for your computer are easy to download for free on the Internet. The danger is that system files on various sites may contain malicious, virus programs. Before you download unknown files, make sure they are reliable and will not harm your computer.

Programs

System programs include: utilities for tracking operations performed on files and accesses to the registry (RegMon, FileMon), programs for cleaning the registry (RegCleaner). Launch various programs carried out using Resplendid Resolver. Tracking data about running processes occurs under the control of Process Explorer. During system startup Windows editing and display is provided by Autoruns.

In addition, system programs create symbolic links, launch applications and perform a number of other actions. For example, Avira System Speedup, created for Windows platforms, searches for outdated, long-unused program files and their removal. The peculiarity is that it increases the speed of the operating system.

Well-known antivirus Avast program Free Antivirus finds viruses on your computer's hard drive, in downloads, and memory and blocks them. The databases are updated regularly via the Internet. Avast has a clear and simple interface. System CCleaner utilities for Windows, clean garbage in the computer OS, delete temporary and unused files.

How to install?

Installing system programs requires the user to have certain skills and knowledge. You can entrust this to specialists or try to download and install the necessary complex yourself. Typically installed system drivers, operating system (Windows), utilities, plugins, system resuscitators, BIOS. In order to install the popular Windows 7 program, decide where it will be executed from: from a disk or a flash drive. After launch, the installation window will appear. Select what is suggested in the lines, click “Next” and “Install”. Agree to the license agreement, click Next. Select the "Full installation" type.

It's time to choose HDD. Its usual volume is 35 Gigabytes. Click "Create" - "Apply" - "Next". Installation will begin system files and the process of setting up the operating system. After finishing, you can set a username and password, change the date, time and other parameters. If anyone is wondering how to reinstall a system program, remove it completely from the computer. Go to “Control Panel” - “Add or Remove Programs”, restart the computer and start a new operation.

operating system

What system programs exist? One of the most important is the operating system, which controls the computer and consists of a whole range of programs. She also plans to use PC resources efficiently and expands its hardware. The operating system independently distributes computer resources, manages, organizes work and provides the computer with normal functioning in three modes: single-program, multi-program and multi-tasking.

The main purpose of the operating system is to ensure normal operation of the computer in any of the three modes. In addition, the system must dynamically allocate and manage resources in accordance with computing processes. Resources can be hardware or software. The first includes RAM, peripheral devices, microprocessor, and the second includes any software that helps manage data and processes. The operating system is an intermediary between the user and the computer. It analyzes requests and executes them.

Today, most computers run the Windows operating system. For example, Windows 2000 Professional belongs to the new generation and is used to conduct business on the Internet. Its advantages are ease of use, reliability, efficiency and safety.

Service

These programs increase the capabilities of the operating system, ensure smooth operation of the PC, automate development and include a programming language, libraries and translators. Service programs are also called utilities. They are involved in computer maintenance. Service technicians check hardware and software and provide the collected data to the user. There are multifunctional and separate sets of utilities for Windows. Service programs include drivers, archivers and antiviruses.

Drivers are an addition to the operating system. They serve peripheral devices. Loaded into PC memory and installed by controllers. One example is the keyboard driver.

Antiviruses protect computer data from viruses. They destroy the consequences of infections and prevent danger.

Archivers create copies of files, reduce them in size, combine them and place them in a separate package. IN in this case special data compression methods are used. One of the most popular archivers is WinRar.

Utilities

System programs include a set of utilities. Translated from Latin, utillitas means “benefit.” They really bring great benefits to the computer. These are utilities that provide the user with Additional services. For example, using the disk defragmentation utility, its operation is optimized, which has a positive effect on speed. The verification program scans the correctness of the information on the disk, which is contained in the tables, and also searches for failures. The compaction utility creates and maintains compressed disks. The optimization program changes the location of files so that you can get to them faster.

Windows 10

System programs for Windows 10 must be suitable for a specific operating system. The new OS has an updated interface, including the Start menu. You can customize it yourself, change its size, manage it, remove unnecessary elements, add necessary ones. Windows 10 has new center notifications, which appears on the right side of the desktop. In the center you can find complete information about the operation of the OS, as well as learn about any problems that have arisen.

Virtual voice assistant, or Cortana assistant, will help you plan important events, book hotel rooms and even carry on a conversation with the user. In addition, Windows 10 has a new browser that will compete with many. Main features Microsoft Edge - high speed work, data processing, convenient and beautiful interface. A new version supports hybrid PCs, it is possible to create multiple virtual desktops. The email client has also changed for the better. Now the user can format correspondence texts, use new tools, images and markers.

Peculiarities

System software allows your computer to perform a range of tasks and run smoothly. Personal computers are devices that process data. They do not have any knowledge, but perform actions written in a programming language they understand. It is utilities that perform all tasks on the computer. Each user creates a workspace independently by downloading certain programs. For example, an accountant will have on his computer computing programs, the designer has photo editors. The variety and number of them on the PC determines what tasks it will perform. If you want to use your device effectively, you need to know what programs there are and how to work with them.

Functions

System programs solve the problem of communication between the user and the computer, increase the efficiency of the PC, and ensure comfortable work. The operating system includes additional functions: managing computer resources, providing a set of commands for user convenience, providing a clear interface. They share resources between the user, the organization, and processes. In addition, the programs perform a protective function, guarantee the security of rights, backup devices and data, and monitor the stability of the OS.

Performance

You can judge performance by how the new Windows system programs work. It is rated on a scale from 1.0 to 7.9 points. The evaluation is performed by the operating system, which produces the final data in the form of a table. The performance index is determined by the lowest indicator of the component being tested.

You can use the information you obtain to improve your computer's performance. If you want to view the performance index on Windows 7, click on the "Computer" icon located on the desktop, right click mouse and select Properties.

Removal

Removing system programs is necessary if they are infected with viruses, are not used, or are filling up disk space. If you need to remove the Windows operating system because you are installing two operating systems at the same time or reinstall it again, first decide which one you will keep. For example, you have installed different versions- 7 and 8.

During the uninstallation process, all programs on the computer must be closed.
Go to the desktop, press the Win + R key combination, enter msconfig in an empty line and confirm the command “Ok”.
In the window that appears, go to the “Boot” tab, select the operating system you are leaving, click “Set as default”.
Next, select the system you are going to get rid of and click “Delete”.
A small window will appear, select Reboot.
After the computer reboots, the abandoned system will begin its work.
Next, you will need to format old files on hard drive “C” in the partition where the second operating system was located. This radical method, which will delete all information stored there, including system programs for the computer. Be careful!