What is disc offset and how its dimensions affect the characteristics of the machine. What is wheel offset ET Formula and marking
So, I decided to write something useful today. =)
Let's talk about basic concepts, with which you have to operate when selecting car rims.
Options LZ and PCD(“drill”)
LZ– number of mounting holes;
PCD– diameter of the circle in millimeters on which the mounting holes are located.
For example, in the designation “4x98”: 4 is the number of holes; 98 is the diameter (in millimeters) of the circle on which they are located.
ET(disc offset) - the distance in millimeters between the plane of attachment of the disc to the car hub and an imaginary plane passing through the middle of the rim.
For example, in the designation “Offset 35” or “ET 35”: 35 is the distance in millimeters between the plane of attachment of the disk to the car hub and an imaginary plane passing through the middle of the rim.
Departure can be:
“positive” (Diagram 1: offset+) if the mating plane does not go beyond the imaginary plane. In this case, the installed wheel will have most of the rim “recessed” inside the car’s arch;
“zero” if the mating and imaginary planes coincide;
“negative” (Diagram 1: offset-) if the mating plane passes through an imaginary plane. In this case, it is immediately clear that the seat is deeply recessed into the disk.
To determine the wheel offset, we will use Diagram 1. It is necessary to measure the distance “B” from the inside of the wheel. Divide the distance “X” in half, and subtract this half of “X” from “B”. If the resulting difference is positive, then the offset is “positive”; if it is negative, then the offset is “negative”.
The general rule is: there is a high probability of successfully installing a disk with an offset that is less than required on a car than a disk whose offset is greater than the standard one. In general, it is considered quite acceptable if the offset value fluctuates within ±5 mm from the standard.
One more thing important note. The ET parameter must be considered within the standard disk size. That is, the offset is “native” strictly only for a certain wheel width. And if you decide to install wider rims on your car, you need to take into account that in this case the offset should be less than the standard one. And vice versa: a narrower disk means a larger offset.
DIA– diameter of the central hole of the disk (in millimeters)
Wheel manufacturers in most cases produce wheels with the largest possible center hole. To install such a wheel on a specific car model, special spacer rings made of plastic or metal are used. The outer diameter of the rings is equal to the central hole of the disk, the inner diameter is equal to the diameter of the landing cylinder on the car hub.
For example, in the marking of the spacer ring “67.1–60.1”: 67.1 – the outer diameter of the ring, equal to the diameter of the central hole of the disk, in millimeters; 60.1 – the internal diameter of the ring, equal to the diameter of the landing cylinder on the hub of a particular car, also in millimeters.
* Precise alignment of these dimensions ensures preliminary centering of the wheel on the hub and facilitates the installation of bolts or nuts. ** Final centering is carried out with bolts or nuts on conical or spherical surfaces in the disk mounting holes.
Alfa Romeo
Model Year PCD Offset Bore
145,146 94 to 01 4x98 35 to 42 58.1
147 00 5x98 35 to 42 58.1
155 94 to 98 4x98 35 to 42 58.1
156 98 5x98 35 to 42 58.1
164 4 Stud 88 to 98 4x98 35 to 42 58.1
164 5 Stud 88 to 98 5x98 35 to 42 58.1
166 99 5x108 35 to 42 58.1
33 86 to 96 4x98 35 to 42 58.1
Audi
Model Year PCD Offset Bore
100/200 90 to 94 5x112 30 to 42 57.1
80/90/Coupe 92 to 95 4x108 35 to 42 57.1
A2 00 5x100 38 to 45 57.1
A3 96 to 03 5x100 38 to 42 57.1
New A3 03 5x112 42 to 50 57.1
A4 94 to 00 5x112 35 to 42 57.1
A6 94 5x112 35 to 42 57.1
A8 02 5x112 35 to 42 57.1
A8/S8 94 to 02 5x112 35 to 42 57.1
Allroad 00 5x112 15 to 25 57.1
Cabriolet 92 to 00 4x108 35 to 42 57.1
S3 98 5x100 35 to 42 57.1
S4 98 to 91 5x112 35 to 42 57.1
S6 94 5x112 35 to 42 57.1
TT 99 5x100 25 to 42 57.1
BMW
Model Year PCD Offset Bore
3 E36/M3 91 to 99 5x120 35 to 45 72.6
3 E46/Z3 1.8 98 5x120 35 to 45 72.6
3 Series E30 86 to 91 4x100 15 to 20 72.6
5 Series E34 87 to 95 5x120 15 to 25 72.6
5 Series E39 95 to 03 5x120 15 to 25 74.1
5 Series E60 03 5x120 15 to 25 72.6
7 Series E32 87 to 94 5x120 15 to 25 72.6
7 Series E38 94 to 02 5x120 15 to 25 72.6
7 Series E65 02 5x120 15 to 25 72.6
8 Series E31 90 to 99 5x120 15 to 25 72.6
M3 E30 89 to 92 5x120 15 to 25 72.6
M5 Series E39 95 to 03 5x120 15 to 25 74.1
X5 00 5x120 40 to 50 72.6
Z4 03 5x120 35 to 45 72.6
New Mini 01 4x100 35 to 48 56.1
Citroen
Model Year PCD Offset Bore
Berlingo 96 4x108 15 to 20 65.1
C2 03 4x108 15 to 25 65.1
C3 02 4x108 15 to 25 65.1
C5 01 4x108 15 to 25 65.1
C8 02 5x98 25 to 38 58.1
Evasion 94 to 02 5x98 25 to 38 58.1
Relay 98 5x98 15 to 20 58.1
Saxo 4 Stud 92 4x108 15 to 20 65.1
Saxo VTR/VTi 97 4x108 15 to 20 65.1
Xantia 93 to 97 4x108 15 to 20 65.1
XM 89 to 90 5x108 34 to 42 65.1
Xsara 97 4x108 15 to 20 65.1
Xsara Picasso 99 4x108 15 to 20 65.1
ZX 90 to 98 4x108 15 to 20 65.1
ZX 16v 92 to 98 4x108 15 to 20 65.1
Fiat
Model Year PCD Offset Bore
Barchetta 95 4x98 35 to 42 58.1
Bravo & Brava 96 to 01 4x98 35 to 42 58.1
Coupe 16V 95 to 01 4x98 35 to 42 58.1
Doblo 01 4x98 35 to 42 58.1
Florino 95 to 00 4x98 35 to 42 58.1
Idea 03 4x98 35 to 42 58.1
Marea 96 4x98 35 to 42 58.1
Multipla 99 4x98 25 to 38 58..1
Panda 03 4x98 30 to 38 58.1
Punto I 94 to 00 4x98 35 to 42 58.1
Punto II 94 to 00 4x98 35 to 42 58.1
Stilo 01 4x98 35 to 42 58.1
Tipo & Tempra 88 to 95 4x98 35 to 42 58.1
Uno 85 to 95 4x98 35 to 42 58.1
Uno Turbo 85 to 95 4x98 35 to 42 58.1
Ford
Model Year PCD Offset Bore
Cougar 98 to 02 4x108 35 to 42 63.4
Escort/Orion 80 4x108 35 to 42 63.4
Escort Cosworth 92 to 96 4x108 15 to 20 63.4
Fiesta 90 to 01 4x108 35 to 42 63.4
Focus 98 4x108 38 to 45 63.4
Focus C-MAX 03 5x108 38 to 42 63.4
Focus RS 03 4x108 40 to 45 63.4
Fusion 02 4x108 37 to 45 63.4
Galaxy 95 5x112 35 to 45 57.1
KA 96 4x108 35 to 42 63.4
Mondeo 93 to 00 4x108 35 to 42 63.4
New Fiesta 02 4x108 38 to 42 63.4
New Mondeo 00 5x108 38 to 45 63.4
Probe 94 to 98 5x114 35 to 42 67.1
Puma 90 to 01 4x108 35 to 42 63.4
Scorpio 94 to 00 4x108 35 to 42 63.4
Scorpio/Gran 86 to 94 5x112 35 to 42 63.4
Sierra 84 to 94 4x108 35 to 42 63.4
Street KA 03 4x108 35 to 42 63.4
Transit Connect 02 5x108 35 to 45 63.4
Honda
Model Year PCD Offset Bore
Accord 03 5x114 45 to 50 64.1
Accord / Prelude 2.0 90 to 97 4x114 38 to 45 64.1
Accord 2.0 99 to 03 4x114 45 to 50 64.1
Accord 2.3 Type R/V 01 to 03 5x114 45 to 50 64.1
Civic 00 4x100 35 to 45 56.1
Civic / CRX 84 to 00 4x100 35 to 42 56.1
Civic 1.8 / Aerodeck 97 to 01 4x114 35 to 42 64.1
Civic Type R 01 5x114 40 to 50 64.1
CR-V 95 5x114 38 to 45 64.1
HR-V 99 5x114 37 to 45 64.1
Integra Type R 99 5x114 35 to 45 64.1
Jazz 01 4x100 35 to 45 56.1
Legend 91 5x114 42 to 50 70.1
Prelude 2.2 97 to 01 5x114 45 to 50 64.1
Shuttle 95 to 00 5x114 40 to 50 64.1
Stream 01 5x114 38 to 45 64.1
Hyundai
Model Year PCD Offset Bore
Accent 94 to 00 4x114 35 to 45 67.1
Coupe & Tib 95 to 01 4x114 35 to 45 67.1
E Lantra 01 4x114 35 to 45 67.1
Getz 02 4x100 35 to 45 54.1
Lantra 91 to 01 4x114 35 to 45 67.1
Matrix 01 4x114 35 to 45 67.1
Santa Fe 00 5x114 35 to 45 67.1
Sonata 93 4x114 38 to 45 67.1
Trajet 00 5x114 35 to 45 67.1
XG 00 5x114 35 to 45 67.1
Kia
Model Year PCD Offset Bore
Carens 00 4x114 35 to 42 67.1
Clarus 96 4x114 35 to 42 67.1
Magnetis 01 4x114 35 to 42 67.1
Mentor / Shuma 94 4x100 35 to 42 67.1
Rio 00 4x100 35 to 42 54.1
Sedona / Carnival 99 5x114 35 to 42 67.1
Sorrento 94 5x139.7
Sportage 93 5x139.7
Lexus
Model Year PCD Offset Bore
ES 300 92 5x114 38 to 45 60.1
GS 300 / GS 400 93 5x114 38 to 45 60.1
IS 200 / IS 300 99 5x114 38 to 45 60.1
LS 400 91 to 94 5x114 38 to 45 60.1
RX 300 00 5x114 38 to 45 60.1
RX 470 92 5x114 38 to 45 60.1
Mazda
Model Year PCD Offset Bore
121 96 to 00 4x108 35 to 45 63.4
2 03 4x108 35 to 45 63.4
3 03 5x114 35 to 45 67.1
323 89 to 98 4x100 35 to 45 54.1
323 2.0 / 1.8 Se 94 to 98 5x114 35 to 45 54.1
6 02 5x114 35 to 45 67.1
626 / 929 92 5x114 35 to 45 67.1
Demio 98 to 02 4x100 35 to 45 54.1
MPV 98 5x114 35 to 45 67.1
MX3 92 to 97 4x100 35 to 45 54.1
MX5/Miata 92 4x100 35 to 45 64.1
MX6 92 to 98 5x114 35 to 45 59.6
Premacy 99 to 03 5x114 35 to 45 67.1
RX7 89 to 92 5x114 35 to 45 59.6
RX8 03 5x114 35 to 45 67.1
Tribute 01 5x114 35 to 45 67.1
Xedos 6 92 to 99 5x114 35 to 45 67.1
Xedos 9 92 5x114 35 to 45 67.1
Mercedes
Model Year PCD Offset Bore
190 W201 95 to 93 5x112 35 to 42 66.6
A Class 98 5x112 45 to 50 66.6
C Class W202 93 to 00 5x112 35 to 42 66.6
C Class W203 00 5x112 35 to 42 66.6
CL Class W215 99 5x112 35 to 45 66.6
CLK W208 97 5x112 35 to 42 66.6
E Class W124 92 to 95 5x112 35 to 42 66.6
E Class W210 95 to 03 5x112 35 to 42 66.6
E Class W211 03 5x112 35 to 42 66.6
M Class ML270/320 98 5x112 66.6
M Class ML430/55 99 5x112 66.6
S Class W140 94 to 99 5x112 35 to 42 66.6
S Class W220 99 5x112 35 to 42 66.6
SL Class R129 96 to 01 5x112 20 66.6
SL Class W230 01 5x112 35 to 42 66.6
SLK R170 96 5x112 35 to 42 66.6
V Class W108 99 5x112 50 66.6
MG Rover
Model Year PCD Offset Bore
MGF 96 4x95.25 18 to 30 56.6
ZR 01 4x100 38 to 45 56.1
ZS 01 4x100 38 to 45 56.1
ZT 01 5x100 38 to 45 56.1
Mitsubishi
Model Year PCD Offset Bore
Carisma 99 4x114 38 to 45 67.1
Carisma 1.6 95 to 99 4x100 38 to 45 56.1
Carisma 1.8 95 to 99 4x114 38 to 45 67.1
Colt/Lancer 92 to 98 4x100 38 to 45 56.1
Diamante 91 5x114 38 to 45 67.1
Evolution I, II & III 93 to 97 4x114 35 to 45 67.1
Evolution IV 96 to 98 5x114 35 to 45 67.1
Evolution V 98 to 99 5x114 35 to 45 67.1
FTO 96 5x114 35 to 45 67.1
Galant 96 4x114 45 to 45 67.1
Grandis 03 5x114 35 to 45 67.1
Outlander 03 5x114 38 to 45 67.1
Pinin 00 5x114 38 to 45 67.1
Space Star 98 4x114 35 to 42 67.1
Space Wagon 98 5x114 38 to 50 67.1
Space Wagon/Runner 90 to 98 4x114 35 to 45 67.1
VR4 98 to 02 5x114 38 to 45 67.1
Nissan
Model Year PCD Offset Bore
100 NX 91 to 00 4x100 35 to 42 59.1
200 SX 88 to 94 4x114 35 to 42 66.1
Almera 99 4x100 35 to 42 66.1
Almera 00 4x114 35 to 42 66.1
Almera Tino 00 5x114 35 to 45 66.1
Maxima / QX 95 5x114 35 to 45 66.1
Micra 89 to 03 4x100 35 to 42 59.1
Primera 91 to 98 4x114 35 to 42 66.1
Serena 93 5x114 35 to 42 66.1
Sunny 91 to 00 4x100 35 to 42 59.1
X Trail 01 5x114 37 to 45 66.1
Peugeot
Model Year PCD Offset Bore 15"
106 4 Stud 91 4x108 15 to 20 65.1 195/45/15
106 GTI 96 4x108 15 to 20 65.1 195/45/15
205, 309 84 to 99 4x108 15 to 25 65.1 195/45/15
206 98 4x108 20 to 25 65.1 195/50/15
306 93 to 01 4x108 15 to 20 65.1 195/50/15
307 01 4x108 15 to 25 65.1 195/65/15
405 87 to 97 4x108 15 to 20 65.1 195/55/15
406/406 Coupe 95 4x108 15 to 25 65.1 195/65/15
605 90 to 99 5x108 35 to 42 65.1 205/60/15
607 01 5x108 35 to 42 65.1 195/65/15
607 V6 01 5x108 35 to 42 65.1
Partner 93 4x108 15 to 20 65.1 205/50/15
Renault
Model Year PCD Offset Bore
Avantime 90 to 98 4x100 35 to 42 60.1
Clio 1 1.2 to 1.8 90 to 98 4x100 35 to 42 60.1
Clio 1 16S & Williams 98 4x100 35 to 42 60.1
Clio 2 1.2 to 1.8 99 4x100 35 to 42 60.1
Clio 2 16V & 2.0 RS 99 4x100 35 to 42 60.1
Espace 03 5x108 38 to 45 60.1
Kangoo 98 4x100 35 to 42 60.1
Laguna 01 5x108 38 to 45 60.1
Laguna 4 Stud 94 to 01 4x100 38 to 45 60.1
Laguna 5 Stud 94 to 01 5x108 38 to 45 60.1
Megane 96 to 99 4x100 35 to 42 60.1
Megane & Coupe 99 to 03 4x100 35 to 42 60.1
R21 4 Stud 88 to 95 4x100 35 to 42 60.1
R21 Turbo 5 Stud 88 to 98 5x108 48 to 45 60.1
Safrane / Espace 4 Stud 94 to 00 4x100 38 to 45 60.1
Safrane / Espace 5 Stud 92 to 03 5x108 38 to 45 60.1
Scenic 97 to 03 4x100 38 to 45 60.1
Scenic RX4 00 to 03 5x108 38 to 45 60.1
Super 5 1.2 1.4 82 to 97 4x100 38 to 45 60.1
Super 5 GT Turbo 92 to 92 4x100 38 to 45 60.1
Trafic 01 5x118 38 to 45 71.2
Twingo 01 5x118 38 to 45 71.2
Vel Satis 02 5x108 38 to 45 60.1
Rover
Model Year PCD Offset Bore
200 / 400 90 to 99 4x100 35 to 42 56.1
25 / 45 99 4x100 35 to 42 56.1
600 93 to 99 4x114 35 to 42 64.1
75 99 5x100 42 to 50 56.1
800 86 to 96 4x114 38 to 45 64.1
Steetwise 03 4x100 38 to 45 56.1
Saab
Model Year PCD Offset Bore
9-3 02 5x110 35 to 42 65.1
900 87 to 93 4x108 35 to 42 65.1
900 / 9-3 87 to 93 4x108 35 to 42 65.1
9000 87 to 98 4x108 35 to 42 65.1
Seat
Model Year PCD Offset Bore
Alhambra 96 5x112 35 to 45 57.1
Arosa 97 4x100 35 to 45 57.1
Ibizia 02 5x100 35 to 45 57.1
Ibizia / Cordoba 93 to 00 4x100 35 to 45 57.1
Ibizia / Malaga 85 to 93 4x98 35 to 45 58.1
Leon Cupra R 03 5x100 35 to 45 57.1
Toledo 93 to 99 4x100 35 to 45 57.1
Toledo II / Leon 99 5x100 35 to 45 57.1
Skoda
Model Year PCD Offset Bore
Fabia 00 5x100 35 to 42 57.1
Felicia 94 to 01 4x100 35 to 42 57.1
Octavia 97 5x100 35 to 42 57.1
Superb 02 5x112 35 to 42 57.1
Subaru
Model Year PCD Offset Bore
Forrester 91 5x100 42 to 50 56.1
Impreza 93 to 97 5x100 42 to 50 56.1
Impreza Sti 02 5x100 42 to 50 56.1
Impreza WRX 01 5x100 42 to 50 56.1
Justy 96 4x114 35 to 42 60.1
Legacy 91 5x100 42 to 50 56.1
SVX 92 to 99 5x114 42 to 50 64.1
Toyota
Model Year PCD Offset Bore
Avensis 96 to 03 5x100 35 to 42 54.1
Avensis Verso 01 5x114 35 to 42 60.1
Camry 91 5x114 35 to 42 60.1
Carina R19 90 to 99 5x100 35 to 42 54.1
Celica T20 90 to 99 5x100 35 to 42 54.1
Celica T23 99 5x100 35 to 42 54.1
Corolla 02 4x100 35 to 42 54.1
Corolla Verso 02 4x100 35 to 42 54.1
Corolla / Peaseo 85 to 01 4x100 35 to 42 54.1
MR2 W20 00 4x100 35 to 42 54.1
MR2 W2 91 to 99 5x114 35 to 42 60.1
Picnic 96 5x114 35 to 42 60.1
Previa 95 5x114 35 to 42 60.1
Prius 00 4x100 35 to 42 54.1
Rav 4 94 5x114 35 to 42 60.1
Sienna 94 5x114 35 to 42 60.1
Starlet 90 to 99 4x100 35 to 42 54.1
Supra 86 to 93 5x114 35 to 42 60.1
Yaris / Yaris 98 4x100 35 to 42 54.1
Vauxhall
Model Year PCD Offset Bore
Astra/Kadet 84 to 98 4x100 35 to 45 56.6
Astra 4 Stud 98 to 03 4x100 35 to 45 56.6
Astra 5 Stud 98 to 03 5x110 35 to 45 65.1
Astra Coupe 98 5x110 35 to 45 65.1
Astravan 98 5x110 35 to 45 65.1
Calibra/Vectra 4 Sd 90 to 02 4x100 35 to 45 56.6
Calibra/Vectra 5 Sd 92 to 02 5x110 35 to 45 56.1
Corsa 00 4x100 38 to 45 56.6
Corsa 1.7 Cdti 03 5x110 38 to 45 65.1
Corsa Van/Combo 96 4x100 38 to 45 56.6
Kadet 03 5x110 38 to 45 65.1
Mervia 03 4x100 35 to 45 56.6
Nova 84 4x100 40 to 45 56.6
Omega 94 5x110 35 to 45 65.1
Sintra 97 to 99 5x115 35 to 45 70.3
Tigra 94 to 00 4x100 35 to 45 56.6
Vectra/Sigrum 02 5x110 35 to 45 65.1
Vivaro 01 5x118 40 to 45 71.2
Zafira 98 5x110 35 to 45 65.1
Volkswagen
Model Year PCD Offset Bore
Corrado 4 Stud 83 to 93 4x100 35 to 42 57.1
Corrado 5 Stud 92 to 98 5x100 35 to 42 57.1
Golf I / Cabrio 76 to 98 4x100 35 to 42 57.1
Golf II & III / Ventro 84 to 98 4x100 35 to 42 57.1
Golf III 5 Stud 92 to 98 5x100 35 to 42 57.1
Golf IV / Bora 98 to 03 5x100 35 to 42 57.1
Lupo 97 4x100 35 to 42 57.1
New Beetle 98 5x100 35 to 42 57.1
New Golf V 03 5x112 40 to 45 57.1
Passat 00 5x112 35 to 42 57.1
Passat 4 Stud 88 to 97 4x100 35 to 42 57.1
Passat 5 Stud 97 to 00 5x112 35 to 42 57.1
Passat W8 02 5x112 35 to 42 57.1
Phaeton 02 5x112 35 to 42 57.1
Polo 95 to 01 4x100 35 to 42 57.1
Sharan 96 5x112 35 to 45 57.1
Touareg 03 5x130 50 71.6
Touareg 2.5 Tdi 03 5x120 50 71.6
Touran 03 5x112 40 to 45 57.1
Transporter 90 5x112 25 to 42 57.1
Volvo
Model Year PCD Offset Bore
440 / 460 / 480 86 to 97 4x100 35 to 42 52.1
7 & 9 Series 82 to 94 5x108 15 to 25 65.1
850 4 Stud 91 to 94 4x108 25 to 42 65.1
850 5 Stud 94 to 97 5x108 35 to 42 65.1
960 95 to 97 5x108 35 to 42 65.1
C70 & S70 98 5x108 35 to 42 65.1
S40 / V40 96 to 00 4x114 35 to 42 67.1
S60 00 5x108 35 to 42 65.1
S80 98 5x108 38 to 45 65.1
V70 97 to 99 5x108 38 to 42 65.1
V70 X Country 00 5x108 28 to 42 65.1
And another sign:
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Alfa Romeo 33 4 x 98 30...38 58.5
Alfa Romeo 75 4 x 98 30...38 58.5
Alfa Romeo 75 (2.5, 3.0 V6) 5 x 98 28...30 58.5
Alfa Romeo 75 (1.8 turbo) 5 x 98 28...30 58.5
Alfa Romeo 75 (Twin Spark) 5 x 98 28...30 58.5
Alfa Romeo 145, 146 4 x 98 38 58.0
Alfa Romeo 155 (iki 1995.05) 4 x 98 38 58.0
Alfa Romeo 155 (nuo 1995.05) 4 x 98 30...35 58.0
Alfa Romeo 156 5 x 98 28...30 58.0
Alfa Romeo 164 4 x 98 30...38 58.0
Alfa Romeo 164 2.0 turbo 5 x 98 28...30 58.0
Alfa Romeo 164 TD 5 x 98 28...30 58.0
Alfa Romeo 164 3.0 5 x 98 28...30 58.0
Alfa Romeo 166 5 x 108 35...40 58.0
Alfa Romeo GTV 5 x 98 28 58.0
Alfa Romeo Spider 5 x 98 28 58.0
Aston Martin
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Aston Martin Lagonda 5 H 120.65 73.9
Aston Martin Vantage 5 H 154.95 71.4
Aston Martin Virage 5 H 120.65 73.9
Aston Martin Volante 5 H 154.95 71.4
Audi
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Audi 50 4 x 100 35...45 57.0
Audi 80 (iki 1986 m.) 4 x 100 35...45 57.0
Audi 80 (nuo 1986 m.) 4 x 108 35...42 57.0
Audi 80 Quattro 4 x 108 35...42 57.0
Audi 90 4 x 108 35...42 57.0
Audi 100 (iki 1992 m.) 4 x 108 35...42 57.0
Audi 100 CS, Quattro (iki 1992 m.) 5 x 112 35...42 57.0
Audi 100 (nuo 1992 m.) 4 x 108 35...42 57.0
Audi 200 5 H 112 35 57.0
Audi A3 5 x 100 30...40 57.0
Audi A4, S2, S4 5 x 112 35 57.0
Audi A6, S6 5 x 112 35 57.0
Audi A8, V8 5 x 112 35 57.0
Audi Coupe 1.8, GL 4 x 100 35...45 57.0
Audi Coupe GT (iki 1985 m.) 4 x 100 35...45 57.0
Audi Coupe GT (nuo 1985 m.) 4 x 108 35...45 57.0
Audi Coupe (nuo 1988 m.) 4 x 108 35...45 57.0
Audi Coupe Quattro 4 x 108 35...45 57.0
Audi Quattro 5 x 112 35...42 57.0
Audi TT 5 x 100 28...30 57.0
BMW
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
BMW Mini 4 x 100 35 57.0
BMW 3 series (E30) 4 x 100 15...25 57.0
BMW M3 (E30) 5 x 120 18...20 72.5
BMW 3 series (E36) 5 x 120 35...42 72.5
BMW 3 series (E46) 5 x 120 35...42 72.5
BMW Z3 5 x 120 35...42 72.5
BMW 5 series (E34) 5 x 120 18...20 72.5
BMW 5 series (E39) 5 x 120 18...20 74.0
BMW 7 series (E32) 5 x 120 18...20 72.5
BMW 7 series (E38) 5 x 120 18...20 72.5
BMW 8 series (E31) 5 x 120 18...20 72.5
Buick
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Buick Century (nuo 1986 m.) 5 x 115 38 70.0
Buick Park Ave (nuo 1989 m.) 5 x 115 38 70.0
Buick Regal (1987...1994) 5 x 115 38 70.0
Buick Riviera (nuo 1989 m.) 5 x 115 38 70.0
Buick Skylark (nuo 1989 m.) 5 x 100 35...40 57.0
Cadillac
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Cadillac Alante (1987...1994) 5 x 115 38 70.0
Cadillac De Ville (nuo 1989 m.) 5 x 115 38 70.0
Cadillac Eldorado (nuo 1989 m.) 5 x 115 38 70.0
Cadillac Seville (nuo 1989 m.) 5 x 115 38 70.0
Chevrolet
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Chevrolet Beretta (nuo 1989 m.) 5 x 100 35...40 57.0
Chevrolet Blazer 6 x 139.7 109.5
Chevrolet Camaro (nuo 1993 m.) 5 x 120.6 38...50 70.5
Chevrolet Cavalier (nuo 1989 m.) 5 x 100 35...40 57.0
Chevrolet Celebrity (1986...1989) 5 x 115 38 70.0
Chevrolet Corsica (nuo 1989 m.) 5 x 100 35...40 57.0
Chevrolet Corvette (nuo 1993 m.) 5 x 120.6 38...50 70.5
Chevrolet Lumina (1989...1993) 5 x 115 38 70.0
Chevrolet Tahoe 6 x 139.7 109.5
Chrysler
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Chrysler Cherokee 5 x 114.3 71.5
Chrysler ES 5 x 100 35...40 57.0
Chrysler GS 5 x 100 35...40 57.0
Chrysler Le Baron Cabrio/Coupe 5 x 114.3 35 71.5
Chrysler Le Baron Daytona 5 x 100 35...40 57.0
Chrysler Neon 5 x 100 35...40 57.0
Chrysler New Yorker 5 x 114.3 35 71.5
Chrysler Saratoga 5 x 100 35...40 57.0
Chrysler Saratoga 5 x 114.3 71.5
Chrysler Stratus 5 x 100 35...40 57.0
Chrysler Viper 6 x 114.3 71.5
Chrysler Vision 5 x 114.3 35 71.5
Chrysler Voyager 5 x 100 35...40 57.0
Chrysler Voyager 5 x 114.3 35 71.5
Chrysler Wrangler 5 x 114.3 71.5
Citroën
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Citroëln 2CV 3 x 160 N / I N / I
Citroën AX 3 x 108 9...15 65.0
Citroln BX 4 x 108 15...22 65.0
Citroën DS 5 x 160 N / I N / I
Citroën ZX 4 x 108 15...22 65.0
Citroëln XM 5 x 108 35 65.0
Citroën Ami 3 x 160 N / I N / I
Citroën Berlingo 4 x 108 15...22 65.0
Citroën C20, C35 6 x 205 N/I 148.0
Citroën C25 5 x 118 N/I 72.0
Citroën Diane 3 x 160 N / I N / I
Citroën Jumper 5 x 108 35 65.0
Citroën Monpti 3 x 98 N/I 55.0
Citroлn Visa 4 x 108 15...22 65.0
Citroën Xantia 4 x 108 15...22 65.0
Citroën Xsara 4 x 108 15...22 65.0
Citroën Saxo 3 x 108 9...15 65.0
Citroën Saxo 4 x 108 15...22 65.0
Citroln Evasion 5 x 98 28...30 58.0
Daewoo
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Daewoo Cielo 4 x 100 38...42 56.5
Daewoo Espero 4 x 100 38...42 56.5
Daewoo Lanos 4 x 100 38...42 56.5
Daewoo Leganza 5 x 114.3 35...42 56.5
Daewoo Matiz 4 x 114.3 38 69.1
Daewoo Nexia 4 x 100 38...42 56.5
Daewoo Nubira 4 x 100 38...42 56.5
Daewoo Racer 4 x 100 38...42 56.5
Daihatsu
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Daihatsu Applause 4 x 100 38 56.0
Daihatsu Cab 1000 4 x 100 N/I 60.0
Daihatsu Charade (nuo 1987 m.) 4 x 100 38 56.0
Daihatsu Charmant 4 x 114.3 N/I 60.0
Daihatsu Cuore 4 x 100 N/I 60.0
Daihatsu Feroza 5 x 139.7 0...-3 108.0
Daihatsu Grand Move 4 x 100 38 60.0
Daihatsu Hijet 4 x 110 N/I 66.0
Daihatsu Move 4 x 100 N/I 56.1
Daihatsu Rocky 5 x 139.7 0...-3 108.0
Daihatsu Rocky Turbo (nuo 1990 m.) 5 x 139.7 -15 108.0
Daihatsu Sirion 4 x 100 30...38 54.0
Daihatsu Terios 5 x 114.3 30...40 66.6
Daihatsu Wildcat 5 x 139.7 0...-3 108.0
Dodge
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Dodge Avenger (nuo 1995 m.) 5 x 114.3 38...45 67.0
Dodge Daytona (nuo 1994 m.) 5 x 100 35...40 57.0
Dodge Shadow (nuo 1994 m.) 5 x 100 35...40 57.0
Dodge Stealth (nuo 1991 m.) 5 x 114.3 38...45 67.0
Dodge Stratus (nuo 1995 m.) 5 x 100 35...40 57.0
Ferrari
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Ferrari 308 5 x 108 N/I N/I
Ferrari 324 5 x 108 N/I 67.0
Ferrari 348 (iki 1995 m.) 5 x 108 N/I 43.0
Ferrari 348 (nuo 1995 m.) 5 x 108 50 67.0
Ferrari 355 (nuo 1995 m.) 5 x 108 50 67.0
Ferrari 456 GT 5 x 108 N/I 43.0
Ferrari 512 Gino 5 x 108 N/I N/I
Ferrari 512 TR (iki 1996 m.) 5 x 108 N/I 43.0
Ferrari 512 TR (nuo 1996 m.) 5 x 108 50 67.0
Ferrari F4 MD 5 x 108 N/I N/I
Ferrari F40 N/I N/I 66.0
Ferrari Mondial 5 x 108 N/I 43.0
Ferrari Testarossa 5 x 108 N/I 43.0
Fiat
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Fiat 124, 126 4 x 98 30...38 58.0
Fiat 242 6 x 205 148.0
Fiat Barchetta 4 x 98 30...38 58.0
Fiat Brava 4 x 98 30...38 58.0
Fiat Bravo 4 x 98 30...38 58.0
Fiat Cinquecento 4 x 98 30...38 58.0
Fiat Coupe 4 x 98 30...38 58.0
Fiat Croma 4 x 98 30...38 58.0
Fiat Ducato 5 x 118 71.0
Fiat Ducato Maxi 5 x 130 78.0
Fiat Marea 4 x 98 30...38 58.0
Fiat Multipla 4 x 98 30...38 58.0
Fiat Palio 4 x 98 30...38 58.0
Fiat Panda 4 x 98 30...38 58.0
Fiat Punto 4 x 98 30...38 58.0
Fiat Regata 4 x 98 30...38 58.0
Fiat Ritmo 4 x 98 30...38 58.0
Fiat Scudo 4 x 98 30...38 58.0
Fiat Seicento 4 x 98 30...38 58.0
Fiat Siena 4 x 98 30...38 58.0
Fiat Talento 5 x 118 71.0
Fiat Tempra 4 x 98 30...38 58.0
Fiat Tipo 4 x 98 30...38 58.0
Fiat Uno 4 x 98 30...38 58.0
Fiat Ulysse 5 x 98 30 58.0
Ford
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Ford Bronco 5 x 139.7 86.9
Ford Cortina 4 x 108 63.3
Ford Cougar 4 x 108 35...38 63.3
Ford Econovan 4 x 114.3 59.0
Ford Escort 4 x 108 35...38 63.3
Ford Explorer 6 x 139.7 0...-3 100.0
Ford Fiesta 4 x 108 35...38 63.3
Ford Focus 4 x 108 35...38 63.3
Ford Galaxy 5 x 112 42...45 57.0
Ford Granada 4 x 108 35...38 63.3
Ford Ka 4 x 108 35...38 63.3
Ford Maverick 6 x 139.7 0...-3 100.0
Ford Mondeo (iki 2001 m.) 4 x 108 35...38 63.3
Ford Mondeo (nuo 2001 m.) 5 x 108 35...42 63.3
Ford Mustang 4 x 108 35...38 63.3
Ford Orion 4 x 108 35...38 63.3
Ford Probe (iki 1992 m.) 5 x 114.3 35...38 59.5
Ford Probe (nuo 1992 m.) 5 x 114.3 35...38 67.0
Ford Puma 4 x 108 35...38 63.3
Ford Sierra 4 x 108 35...38 63.3
Ford Scorpio (iki 1995 m.) 5 x 112 35...38 63.3
Ford Scorpio (nuo 1995 m.) 4 x 108 35...38 63.3
Ford Taunus 4 x 108 63.3
Ford Transit (iki 1992 m.) 5 x 160 72.0
Ford Transit (nuo 1992 m.) 6 x 180 138.8
Ford Transit FT 75 5 x 160 115.0
Ford Transit FT 100 5 x 160 115.0
Ford Transit FT 100 L 6 x 169.9 130.0
Ford Transit FT 130–190 (iki 1985 m.) 6 x 169.9 130.0
Ford Transit FT 80–190 (nuo 1985 m.) 5 x 160 65.0
Ford Windstar 5 x 112 35...38 63.3
Honda
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Honda CRX 4 x 100 35...38 56.0
Honda Civic 4 x 100 35...38 56.0
Honda Civic VTEC (nuo 1997 m.) 4 x 114.3 38 64.0
Honda Concerto 4 x 100 35...38 56.0
Honda Accord (iki 1992 m.) 4 x 100 35...38 56.0
Honda Accord (nuo 1992 m.) 4 x 114.3 38 64.0
Honda Integra 4 x 100 35...38 56.0
Honda Integra Type-R 5 x 114.3 45...50 64.0
Honda Jazz 4 x 100 35...38 56.0
Honda NSX 5 x 114.3 70/64
Honda Prelude (iki 1992 m.) 4 x 100 35...38 56.0
Honda Prelude (nuo 1992 m.) 4 x 114.3 38 64.0
Honda Quintet 4 x 100 35...38 56.0
Honda Legend (iki 1990 m.) 4 x 114.3 38 64.0
Honda Legend (nuo 1994 m.) 5 x 114.3 35...38 70.0
Honda Odysee 5 x 114.3 35...38 64.0
Honda CRV 5 x 114.3 40...45 64.0
Honda Shuttle 5 x 114.3 35...38 64.0
Hyundai
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Hyundai Accent 4 x 114.3 35...38 67.0
Hyundai Atos 4 x 114.3 35...38 67.0
Hyundai Coupe 4 x 114.3 35...38 67.0
Hyundai Excel 4 x 114.3 35...38 67.0
Hyundai Lantra 4 x 114.3 35...38 67.0
Hyundai Pony 4 x 114.3 35...38 67.0
Hyundai Sonata 4 x 114.3 35...38 67.0
Isuzu
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Isuzu Combi Van 6 x 139.7 106.0
Isuzu Midi 6 x 139.7 94.0
Isuzu Pick Up 6 x 139.7 3...-15 106.0
Isuzu Trooper 6 x 139.7 3...-15 106.0
Jaguar
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Jaguar XJS 5 x 120.65 18...20 74.1
Jaguar XJ6 5 x 120.65 18...20 74.1
Jaguar XJ12 5 x 120.65 18...20 74.1
Jaguar XK8 5 x 120.65 18...20 74.1
Jaguar X-type 5 x 108 37...42 63.4
Jeep
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Jeep Cherokee 5 x 114.3 35 71.5
Jeep Grand Cherokee 5 x 114.3 35 71.5
Kia
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Kia Clarus 4 x 114.3 35...38 67.0
Kia Concord 4 x 100 35...38 56.0
Kia Leo 4 x 100 35...38 56.0
Kia Mentor 4 x 100 35...38 56.0
Kia Pride 4 x 114.3 59.5
Kia Rocsta 5 x 139.7 95.5
Kia Sephia 4 x 100 35...38 56.0
Kia Shuma 4 x 100 35...38 56.0
Kia Sportage 5 x 139.7 0...3 108.0
Lada
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
VAZ 2101-2107 4 x 98 35...38 58.5
Lada Alegro 4 x 108 52.0
Lada Niva 5 x 139.7 98.0
Lada Riva 4 x 98 35...38 58.5
Lada Samara 4 x 98 35...38 58.5
Lamborghini
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Lamborghini Countach 5 x 120 70.0
Lamborghini Diablo 5 x 120 70.0
Lamborghini Miura 5 x 120 70.0
Lancia
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Lancia A112 4 x 98 30...38 58.0
Lancia Y10, Y 4 x 98 30...38 58.0
Lancia Beta 4 x 98 30...38 58.0
Lancia Delta 4 x 98 30...38 58.0
Lancia Delta 16V Turbo (nuo 1993 m.) 4 x 98 38 58.0
Lancia Delta HF Integrale (iki 1992 m.) 4 x 98 30 58.0
Lancia Delta HF Integrale (nuo 1992 m.) 5 x 98 35 58.0
Lancia Delta HPE (nuo 1995 m.) 4 x 98 30 58.0
Lancia Dedra 4 x 98 30...38 58.0
Lancia Dedra 2.0 16v Integrale (iki 1992 m.) 4 x 98 38 58.0
Lancia Dedra Turbo 4 x 98 30 58.0
Lancia Gamma 5 x 108 67.0
Lancia Kappa 5 x 108 28...30 58.0
Lancia Prisma 4 x 98 30...38 58.0
Lancia Thema 4 x 98 30...38 58.0
Lancia Trevi 4 x 98 30...38 58.0
Lancia Zeta 5 x 98 28...30 58.0
Land Rover
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Land Rover Freelander 5 x 114 35
Land Rover (tradiciniai) 5 x 165
Lexus
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Lexus GS300 5 x 114.3 35...42 60.0
Lexus SC300 5 x 114.3 35...42 60.0
Lexus LS400 5 x 114.3 35...42 60.0
Lexus SC400 5 x 114.3 35...42 60.0
Lincoln
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Lincoln Continental (nuo 1990 m.) 5 x 108 38...40 63.3
Lincoln Mark VIII (nuo 1993 m.) 5 x 108 38...40 63.3
Lotus
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Lotus Eclat 4 x 114.3 67.0
Lotus Excel 4 x 114.3 67.0
Lotus Elite 4 x 114.3 67.0
Lotus Esprit (iki 1981 m.) 4 x 100 57.0
Lotus Esprit (nuo 1981 m.) 5 x 120 59.5
Lotus Esprit 2, 3 (iki 1984 m.) 4 x 100 57.0
Lotus Esprit 2, 3 (nuo 1984 m.) 5 x 120 59.5
Lotus Turbo 5 x 120 59.5
Maserati
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Maserati 2000 4 x 108 58.0
Maserati Biturbo 4 x 108 58.0
Maserati Ghibli 5 x 120.65 67.0
Maserati Quattroporte 5 x 120.65 67.0
Mazda
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Mazda 121 (iki 1996 m.) 4 x 100 35...42 54.0
Mazda 121 (nuo 1996 m.) 4 x 108 30...35 63.3
Mazda 323 4 x 100 35...42 54.0
Mazda 323 2.0 V6 (nuo 1994 m.) 5 x 114.3 35...42 67.0
Mazda 626 (iki 1992 m.) 5 x 114.3 35...42 59.5
Mazda 626 (nuo 1992 m.) 5 x 114.3 35...42 67.0
Mazda 929 5 x 114.3 35...42 67.0
Mazda MX3 4 x 100 35...42 54.0
Mazda MX5 4 x 100 35...42 54.0
Mazda RX7 5 x 114.3 35...42 59.5
Mazda Demio 4 x 100 35...42 54.0
Mazda Xedos 6 5 x 114.3 35...42 67.0
Mazda Xedos 9 5 x 114.3 35...42 67.0
Mercedes Benz
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
MCC Smart 3 x 112 57.0
Mercedes Benz 280SL 5 x 112 18...25 66.5
Mercedes Benz 600SL 5 x 112 18...25 66.5
Mercedes Benz SLK 5 x 112 45...50 66.5
Mercedes Benz A Class 5 x 112 45...50 66.5
Mercedes Benz G Class 5 x 130 45 84.0
Mercedes Benz kiti lengvieji, nepaminлti aukdiiau 5 x 112 35...42 66.5
Mercedes Benz Sprinter 5 x 130 45 84.0
Mercedes Benz Vito 5 x 112 45...50 66.5
Mercedes Benz 100 serijos komerciniai automobiliai ir sunkve_imiai 5 x 140 85.0
Mercedes Benz 200 ir 300 serijos komerc. automobiliai ir sunkve_imiai 5 x 130 84.0
Mercedes Benz 400 ir 500 serijos komerc. automobiliai ir sunkve_imiai 6 x 205 161.0
Mercedes Benz 600 ir 700 serijos komerc. automobiliai ir sunkve_imiai 6 x 205 161.0
Mercedes Benz T1 ir T2 serijos sunkve_imiai 6 x 205 161.0
Mitsubishi
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Mitsubishi 3000 GT 5 x 114.3 67.0
Mitsubishi Carisma 4 x 100 35...42 56.0
Mitsubishi Carisma 1.8 16V 4 x 114.3 35...42 67.0
Mitsubishi Colt (iki 1992 m.) 4 x 114.3 35...42 67.0
Mitsubishi Colt (nuo 1992 m.) 4 x 100 35...42 56.0
Mitsubishi Cordia 4 x 114.3 35...42 67.0
Mitsubishi Eclipse 5 x 114.3 35...42 67.0
Mitsubishi Galant 4 x 114.3 35...42 67.0
Mitsubishi Galopper 6 x 139.7 108.0
Mitsubishi L200, L300 6 x 139.7 0...-15 108.0
Mitsubishi Lancer (iki 1992 m.) 4 x 114.3 35...42 67.0
Mitsubishi Lancer (nuo 1992 m.) 4 x 100 35...42 56.0
Mitsubishi Pajero 6 x 139.7 -15...-25 108.0
Mitsubishi Shogun 6 x 139.7 -15...-25 108.0
Mitsubishi Sapporo 4 x 114.3 35...42 67.0
Mitsubishi Sigma 5 x 114.3 35...42 67.0
Mitsubishi Space Gear 5 x 114.3 67.0
Mitsubishi Space Runner 4 x 114.3 35...42 67.0
Mitsubishi Space Star 4 x 114.3 67.0
Mitsubishi Space Wagon 4 x 114.3 35...42 67.0
Mitsubishi Starion 4 x 114.3 35...42 67.0
Mitsubishi Tredia 4 x 114.3 35...42 67.0
Mitsubishi Canter T35 6 x 170 132.0
Mitsubishi Canter T60 5 x 208 150.0
Mitsubishi Canter T75 6 x 222.25 164.0
Nissan
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Nissan 100NX 4 x 100 35...42 59.0
Nissan 200SX (iki 1994 m.) 4 x 114.3 35...42 66.0
Nissan 200SX (nuo 1994 m.) 5 x 114.3 35...42 66.0
Nissan 280ZX 4 x 114.3 73.0
Nissan 300ZX 5 x 114.3 35...42 66.0
Nissan Almera 4 x 100 35...42 59.0
Nissan Bluebird 4 x 114.3 35...42 66.0
Nissan Cedric 5 x 114.3 35...42 66.0
Nissan Cherry 4 x 114.3 73.0
Nissan Gloria 5 x 114.3 35...42 66.0
Nissan Largo 4 x 114.3 65.9
Nissan Laurel 4 x 114.3 35...42 66.0
Nissan Maxima 5 x 114.3 35...42 66.0
Nissan Micra 4 x 100 35...42 59.0
Nissan Pathfinder 6 x 139.7 -15...-25 108.0
Nissan Patrol 6 x 139.7 100.0
Nissan Patrol 6 x 139.7 -15...-25 108.0
Nissan Patrol GR 6 x 139.7 -15...-25 112.0
Nissan Pick-Up 6 x 139.7 -15...-25 100.0
Nissan Prairie 4 x 114.3 35...42 66.0
Nissan Primera 4 x 114.3 35...42 66.0
Nissan Pulsar 4 x 100 35...42 59.0
Nissan Safari 6 x 139.7 109.6
Nissan Sentra 4 x 100 35...42 59.0
Nissan Serena 5 x 114.3 35...42 66.0
Nissan Silvia 4 x 114.3 35...42 66.0
Nissan Skyline 4 x 114.3 35...42 66.0
Nissan Skyline 5 x 114.3 35...42 66.0
Nissan Stanza 4 x 114.3 35...42 66.0
Nissan Sunny 4 x 100 35...42 59.0
Nissan Terrano 6 x 139.7 -15...-25 100.0
Nissan Terrano II 6 x 139.7 0...3 106.0
Nissan Trade 5 x 160 70.0
Nissan Urvan 6 x 139.7 100.0
Nissan Vanette 4 x 114.3 65.9
Nissan Violet 4 x 114.3 73.0
Opel
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Opel Ascona 4 x 100 35...42 56.5
Opel Astra 4 x 100 35...42 56.5
Opel Bedford CF 230/250 5 x 152.4 110.0
Opel Bedford CF 350 6 x 170 140.0
Opel Bedford KTS/Campo 6 x 139.7 100.0
Opel Calibra 4 x 100 35...42 56.5
Opel Calibra V6 5 x 110 35...42 65.0
Opel Calibra 4x4 5 x 110 35...42 65.0
Opel Combo 4 x 100 35...42 56.5
Opel Commodore 5 x 120 35...42 69.5
Opel Corsa 4 x 100 42...45 56.5
Opel Frontera 6 x 139.7 100.0
Opel Kadett 4 x 100 42...45 56.5
Opel Monterey 6 x 139.7 100.0
Opel Monza 5 x 120 35...42 69.5
Opel MV6 5 x 110 35...42 65.0
Opel Omega 5 x 110 35...42 65.0
Opel Rekord 5 x 120 35...42 69.5
Opel Senator A 5 x 120 35...42 69.5
Opel Senator B 5 x 110 35...42 65.0
Opel Sintra 5 x 115 70.5
Opel Tigra 4 x 100 35...42 56.5
Opel Trans Sport 5 x 120.65 70.0
Opel Vectra 4 x 100 35...42 56.5
Opel Vectra V6 5 x 110 35...42 65.0
Opel Zafira 4 x 100 35...42 56.5
Opel Zafira 5 x 110 65.0
Peugeot
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Peugeot 104 3 x 115 -
Peugeot 204 3 x 120 -
Peugeot 106 3 x 108 9...12
Peugeot 106 4 x 108 12...15 65.0
Peugeot 205 4 x 108 15...22 65.0
Peugeot 206 4 x 108 25 65.0
Peugeot 304, 305 3 x 120 -
Peugeot 306 4 x 108 15...22 65.0
Peugeot 307 4 x 108 25 65.0
Peugeot 309 4 x 108 15...22 65.0
Peugeot 403, 404 3 x 160 -
Peugeot 404 Caravan 5 x 140
Peugeot 405, 406 4 x 108 15...22 65.0
Peugeot 504 4 x 140
Peugeot 505 4 x 140 63.5
Peugeot 604 4 x 140
Peugeot 605XM 5 x 108 35 65.0
Peugeot 806 5 x 98 28...30 58.0
Peugeot Boxer 5 x 130 86.0
Peugeot J5 5 x 118 72.2
Peugeot J7, J9 5 x 190 141.5
Peugeot Partner 4 x 108 65.0
Pontiac
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Pontiac Trans Sport 5 x 115 70.0
Porsche
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Porsche 911 5 x 130 25 71.5
Porsche 911 Carrera 2/4 5 x 130 45 71.5
Porsche 924 4 x 108 15 57.0
Porsche 924S, Turbo 5 x 130 25 71.5
Porsche 928 5 x 130 45 71.5
Porsche 930 5 x 130 25 71.5
Porsche 931 5 x 130 25 71.5
Porsche 937 5 x 130 25 71.5
Porsche 944 (iki 1986 m.) 5 x 130 25 71.5
Porsche 944 (nuo 1987 m.) 5 x 130 45 71.5
Porsche 964 5 x 130 45 71.5
Porsche 968 5 x 130 45 71.5
Porsche 993 5 x 130 45 71.5
Proton
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Proton (visi modeliai) 4 x 100 35...42 56.0
Range Rover
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Range Rover (iki 1995 m.) 5 x 165.1 114.0
Range Rover (nuo 1995 m.) 5 x 120 70.0
Range Rover (nuo 2002 m.) 5 x 120 35 74.0
Renault
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Renault 4, 5 3 x 130 -
Renault 8, 20, 30 3 x 150 -
Renault 9, 11, 19 4 x 100 35...38 60.0
Renault 21 4 x 100 35...38 60.0
Renault 21 Turbo 5 x 108 35 60.0
Renault 25 4 x 100 35...38 60.0
Renault Alpine 4 x 100 35...38 60.0
Renault Bellevue 4 x 100 60.0
Renault Champion 4 x 100 35...38 60.0
Renault Clio 4 x 100 35...38 60.0
Renault Elysee 4 x 100 60.0
Renault Espace 4 x 100 35...38 60.0
Renault Grand Espace 5 x 108 35 60.0
Renault Fuego 4 x 100 35...38 60.0
Renault Kangoo 4 x 100 60.0
Renault Laguna 4 x 100 35...38 60.0
Renault Laguna 5 x 108 35 60.0
Renault Master (iki 1998 m.) 5 x 190 141.5
Renault Master (nuo 1998 m.) 5 x 170 130.0
Renault Megane 4 x 100 35...38 60.0
Renault Rapid 4 x 100 35...38 60.0
Renault Safrane 4 x 100 35...38 60.0
Renault Safrane 5 x 108 35 60.0
Renault Scenic 4 x 100 35...38 60.0
Renault Spider 4 x 100 35...38 60.0
Renault Trafic 4 x 160 -
Renault Twingo 4 x 100 35...38 60.0
Rolls Royce
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Rolls Royce Silver Cloud 5 x 139.7 -
Rolls Royce Phantom 5 x 139.7 -
Rolls Royce kiti modeliai iki 1997 m. 5 x 154.95 117.5
Rolls Royce kiti modeliai nuo 1997 m. 5 x 120 72.5
Rover
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Rover MGF 4 x 95.25 35...30 56.6
Rover 2600 5 x 127 58.0
Rover 3500 5 x 127 58.0
Rover 100 4 x 95.25 35...42 56.6
Rover 114 4 x 95.25 35...30 56.6
Rover 200 4 x 100 35...38 56.0
Rover 214 4 x 95.25 35...30 56.6
Rover 220 4 x 95.25 56.6
Rover 400 4 x 100 35...38 56.0
Rover 416 4 x 95.25 56.6
Rover 420 4 x 95.25 56.6
Rover 600 4 x 114.3 35 64.0
Rover 800 4 x 114.3 35 64.0
Rover 25 4 x 100 35...38 56.0
Rover 45 4 x 100 35...38 56.0
Rover 75 5 x 100 35 57.1
Rover Concerto 4 x 100 35...38 56.0
Rover Maestro 4 x 95.25 35...42 56.6
Rover Maestro Van 4 x 114.3 35 64.0
Rover Metro 4 x 101.6 58.6
Rover Metro TD, PTA 4 x 108 65.0
Rover Mini 4 x 101.6 58.6
Rover Montego 4 x 95.25 35...42 56.6
Rover T.Acclaim 4 x 95.25 35...30 56.6
Rover TR 6, 7 4 x 95.25 56.6
Saab
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Saab 900 (1988...1992) 4 x 108 30 65.0
Saab 900 (nuo 1992 m.) 5 x 110 35...40 65.0
Saab 9000 4 x 108 30 65.0
Saab 9-3 5 x 110 35...40 65.0
Saab 9-5 5 x 110 35...40 65.0
Seat
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Seat Arosa 4 x 100 35...38 57.0
Seat Alhambra 5 x 112 35...38 57.0
Seat Cordoba 4 x 100 35...38 57.0
Seat Ibiza (iki 1993 m.) 4 x 98 35...38 58.0
Seat Ibiza (nuo 1993 m.) 4 x 100 35...38 57.0
Seat Inca 4 x 100 35...38 57.0
Seat Malaga 4 x 98 35...38 58.0
Seat Toledo 4 x 100 35...38 57.0
Seat Toledo GTi 16v (nuo 1995 m.) 5 x 100 30...35 57.0
Љkoda
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Љkoda Favorit 4 x 100 35...38 57.0
Љkoda Felicia 4 x 100 35...38 57.0
Љkoda Forman 4 x 100 35...38 57.0
Љkoda Octavia 5 x 100 35...38 57.0
Љkoda Pick-up 4 x 100 35...38 57.0
Ssang Yong
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Ssang Yong Korando 6 x 139.7 109.0
Ssang Yong Musso 6 x 139.7 109.0
Subaru
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Subaru Forester 5 x 100 40...50 56.0
Subaru Justy (iki 1995 m.) 4 x 100 35...38 59.0
Subaru Justy (nuo 1995 m.) 4 x 114.3 35...38 60.0
Subaru Impreza 5 x 100 40...50 56.0
Subaru Legacy 5 x 100 40...50 56.0
Subaru Libero 4 x 100 35...38 56.0
Subaru Outback 5 x 100 40...50 56.0
Subaru Streega 5 x 114.3 56.0
Subaru SVX 5 x 114.3 56.0
Subaru Vivio 4 x 100 35...38 59.0
Suzuki
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Suzuki Alto 4 x 114.3 35...38 60.0
Suzuki Baleno 4 x 100 35...38 54.0
Suzuki Samurai 5 x 139.7 -10...15 108.0
Suzuki Sedan 4 x 114.3 35...38 60.0
Suzuki Sidekick 5 x 139.7 -10...15 108.0
Suzuki SJ410 5 x 139.7 -10...15 108.0
Suzuki SJ413 5 x 139.7 -10...15 108.0
Suzuki Swift 4 x 114.3 35...38 60.0
Suzuki Vitara 5 x 139.7 -10...15 108.0
Suzuki X-90 5 x 139.7 -10...15 108.0
Toyota
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Toyota Avensis 5 x 100 35...38 54.0
Toyota Camry (nuo 1990 m.) 5 x 100 35...38 54.0
Toyota Camry (nuo 1991 m.) 5 x 114.3 35...38 60.0
Toyota Carina 5 x 100 35...38 54.0
Toyota Celica 5 x 100 35...38 54.0
Toyota Corolla 4 x 100 35...38 54.0
Toyota Corona 5 x 100 35...38 54.0
Toyota Hi-Ace 5 x 114.3 18...20 67.0
Toyota Hi-Ace 4x4 6 x 139.7 -15...3 108.0
Toyota Hi-Lux 6 x 139.7 -15...3 108.0
Toyota Land Cruiser 6 x 139.7 -15...3 108.0
Toyota MR2 (iki 1991 m.) 4 x 100 35...38 54.0
Toyota MR2 (nuo 1991 m.) 5 x 114.3 35...38 60.0
Toyota Paseo 4 x 100 35...38 54.0
Toyota Picnic 5 x 114.3 35...38 60.0
Toyota Previa 5 x 114.3 35...38 60.0
Toyota RAV4 5 x 114.3 35...38 60.0
Toyota Starlet 4 x 100 35...38 54.0
Toyota Supra (nuo 1992 m.) 5 x 114.3 35...38 60.0
Toyota Yaris 4 x 100 35...38 54.0
TVR
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
TVR Cerbera 4 x 108 35...38 63.3
Vauxhall
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Vauxhall Agila 4 x 100 35...42 56.5
Vauxhall Astra Mk 2 4 x 100 42...45 56.5
Vauxhall Astra Mk 3 4 x 100 35...42 56.5
Vauxhall Calibra 4 x 100 35...42 56.5
Vauxhall Calibra V6 5 x 110 35...42 65.0
Vauxhall Calibra 4x4 5 x 110 35...42 65.0
Vauxhall Carlton 5 x 110 35...42 65.0
Vauxhall Cavalier 4 x 100 35...42 56.5
Vauxhall Cavalier V6 5 x 110 35...42 65.0
Vauxhall Cavalier 4x4 5 x 110 35...42 65.0
Vauxhall Corsa 4 x 100 42...45 56.5
Vauxhall Nova 4 x 100 42...45 56.5
Vauxhall Omega 5 x 110 35...42 65.0
Vauxhall Senator 5 x 110 35...42 65.0
Vauxhall Vectra 4 x 100 35...42 56.5
Vauxhall Vectra V6 5 x 110 35...42 65.0
Vauxhall Zafira 5 x 110 35...42 65.0
Volkswagen
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Volkswagen Bora 5 x 100 32...38 57.0
Volkswagen Caddy 4 x 100 32...38 57.0
Volkswagen Caravelle (iki 1990 m.) 5 x 112 68.0
Volkswagen Caravelle (nuo 1990 m.) 5 x 112 35...40 57.0
Volkswagen Corrado 4 x 100 32...38 57.0
Volkswagen Corrado VR6 5 x 100 32...38 57.0
Volkswagen Derby 4 x 100 32...38 57.0
Volkswagen Golf 4 x 100 32...38 57.0
Volkswagen Golf Mk 3 GTi 5 x 100 32...38 57.0
Volkswagen Golf Mk 3 VR6 5 x 100 32...38 57.0
Volkswagen Golf Mk 4 5 x 100 32...38 57.0
Volkswagen Jetta 4 x 100 32...38 57.0
Volkswagen Kafer 4 x 130 78.6
Volkswagen L 80 6 x 205 161.0
Volkswagen LT 28, LT 31 5 x 160 95.0
Volkswagen LT 35 (iki 1997 m.) 6 x 205 161.0
Volkswagen LT 35 (nuo 1997 m.) 5 x 130 83.0
Volkswagen LT 55 6 x 205 161.0
Volkswagen Lupo 4 x 100 32...38 57.0
Volkswagen New Beetle 5 x 100 32...38 57.0
Volkswagen Passat (iki 1996 m.) 4 x 100 32...38 57.0
Volkswagen Passat (nuo 1996 m.) 5 x 112 35...40 57.0
Volkswagen Passat VR6 5 x 100 32...38 57.0
Volkswagen Polo 4 x 100 32...38 57.0
Volkswagen Santana 4 x 100 32...38 57.0
Volkswagen Scirocco 4 x 100 32...38 57.0
Volkswagen Sharan 5 x 112 35...40 57.0
Volkswagen T1, T4 5 x 112 35...40 57.0
Volkswagen T2, T3 5 x 112 68.0
Volkswagen Taro 5 x 114.3 67.0
Volkswagen Taro 4x4 6 x 139.7 107.0
Volkswagen Vento 4 x 100 32...38 57.0
Volkswagen Vento VR6 5 x 100 32...38 57.0
Volvo
Model P.C.D. ET C.B.
Volvo 140, 160 5 x 108 40
Volvo 164 5 x 108 25
Volvo 240 5 x 108 18...22 65.0
Volvo 340, 360 4 x 100 32...38 52.0
Volvo 440, 460 4 x 100 32...38 52.0
Volvo 480 4 x 100 32...38 52.0
Volvo 740, 760, 780 5 x 108 18...22 65.0
Volvo 850 (iki 1993 m.) 4 x 108 35...38 65.0
Volvo 850 (nuo 1993 m.) 5 x 108 35...40 65.0
Volvo 940, 960 (iki 1994 m.) 5 x 108 18...22 65.0
Volvo 960 (nuo 1994 m.) 5 x 108 35...40 65.0
Volvo S40, V40 4 x 114.3 35...38 67.0
Volvo C70, S70, V70 5 x 108 35...40 65.0
Volvo S90, V90 5 x 108 35...40 65.0
Volvo T4 4 x 114.3 35...38 67.0
Volvo T5 5 x 108 35...40 65.0
Volvo T5-R 5 x 108 35...40 65.0
ALFA ROMEO
Model P.C.D Offset C/Bore
33, 75 4 x 98 30...38 58.5
75 (2.5, 3.0 V6, 1.8 turbo, Twin Spark) 5 x 98 28...30 58.5
145, 146, 155 (94) 4 x 98 38 58.0
155 (5.95) 4 x 98 30-35 58.0
156 5 x 98 28...30 58.0
164 4 x 98 30...38 58.0
164 (2.0 turbo, TD, 3.0) 5 x 98 25...30 58.0
166 5 x 108 35...40 58.0
GTV, Spider 5 x 98 28 58.0
AUDI
Model P.C.D. Offset C/Bore
80, 90,100 4 x 108 35...42 57.0
100 (90) 5 x 112 35...42 57.0
A3 5 x 100 30...40 57.0
A4, A6, A8, V8, S2, S4, S6 5 x 112 35 57.0
TT 5 x 100 28...30 57.0 BMW Model P.C.D. Offset C/Bore MINI (new) 4 x 100 35 57.0 3 series (E30) 4 x 100 15...25 57.0 3 series (E30) M models 5 x 120 18...20 72.5 3 series (E36, E46) , Z3 5 x 120 35...42 72.5 5 & 7 series (E31, E32, E34, E38) 5 x 120 18...20 72.5 5 series (E39) 5 x 120 18...20 74.0
BUICK
Model P.C.D. Offset C/Bore
Skylark 89 5 x 100 35...40 57.0
Regal 8794, Century 86, Riviera 89, Park Ave 89 5 x 115 38 70.0
CADILLAC
Model P.C.D. Offset C/Bore
Alante 8794, De Ville 89, Eldorado 89, Seville 89 5 x 115 38 70.0
CHEVROLET
Model P.C.D. Offset C/Bore
Corsica 89, Beretta 89, Cavalier 89 5 x 100 35...40 57.0
Celebrity 8689, Lumina 8993 5 x 115 38 70.0
Corvette 93, Camaro 93 5 x 120.6 38...50 70.5
CHRYSLER
Model P.C.D. Offset C/Bore
Neon 5 x 100 35...40 57.0
Voyager 5 x 114.3 35 71.5
Jeep Cherokee, Grand Cherokee 5 x 114.3 35 71.5
Jeep Cherokee, Grand Cherokee 99 5 x 127 30..50 71.5
CITROEN
Model P.C.D. Offset C/Bore
AX, Saxo 3 x 098 9...15 58.0
Saxo (some models) 4 x 108 12...18 65.0
BX, ZX, Xantia, Xsara, Saxo 4 x 108 15...22 65.0
XM 5 x 108 35 65.0
Evasion 5 x 98 28...30 58.0
DAEWOO
Model P.C.D. Offset C/Bore
Espero, Nubira, Lanus, Nexia 4 x 100 38...42 56.5
Matiz 4 x 114.3 38
Leganza 5 x 114.3 35...42 56.5
DAIHATSU
Model P.C.D. Offset C/Bore
Applause, Charade, Gran Move 4 x 100 38 56.0
Sirion 4 x 100 30...38 54.0
Terios 5 x 114.3 30...40 66.6
Feroza, Rocky, Wildcat 5 x 139.7 0...-3 108.0
Rocky Turbo 90 5 x 139.7 -15 108.0
DODGE
Model P.C.D. Offset C/Bore
Stratus 95, Shadow 94, Daytona 94 5 x 100 35...40 57.0
Avenger 95, Stealth 91 5 x 114.3 38...45 67.0
FERRARI
Model P.C.D. Offset C/Bore
348 95, 355 95, 512 TR 96 5 x 108 50 67.0
FIAT
Model P.C.D. Offset C/Bore
Barchetta, Brava, Bravo, Cinquecento, Marea, Panda, Punto, Tempra, Tipo, Uno 4 x 98 30...38 58.0
Ulysse 5 x 98 30 58.0
FORD
Model P.C.D. Offset C/Bore
Fiesta, Ka, Puma, Escort, Orion, Focus, Sierra, Mondeo, Scorpio 94 4 x 108 35...38 63.3
new Mondeo (2001) 5 x 108 35...42 63.3
Granada/Scorpio 8694 5 x 112 35...38 63.3
Probe 91 5 x 114.3 35...38 59.5
Probe 92 5 x 114.3 35...38 67.0
Galaxy 5 x 112 42...45 57.0
Maverick 6 x 139.7 0...-3 100.0
Transit Connect 5 x 114.3 45..52
Transit 5 x 160 45..52
HONDA
Model P.C.D. Offset C/Bore
Civic, CRX, Concerto, Prelude 91, Accord 91 4 x 100 35...38 56.0
Accord 92, Prelude 92, Legend 90, Civic V-Tec 97 4 x 114.3 38 64.0
Shuttle, Odysee 5 x 114.3 35...38 64.0
CRV 5 x 114.3 40...45 64.0
Integra Type R 5 x 114.3 45...50 64.0
Legend 94 5 x 114.3 35...38 70.0
HYUNDAI
Model P.C.D. Offset C/Bore
Accent, Atos, Coupe, Excel, Lantra, Pony, Sonata 4 x 114.3 35...38 67.0
ISUZU
Model P.C.D. Offset C/Bore
Trooper 6 x 139.7 3...-15 106.0
JAGUAR
Model P.C.D. Offset C/Bore
XJS, XJ6, XJ12, XK8 5 x 120.65 18...20 74.1
new Jaguar (X-type) 5 x 108 37...42 63.4
KIA
Model P.C.D. Offset C/Bore
Sephia, Mentor, Concord, Shuma 4 x 100 35...38 56.0
Clarus 4 x 114.3 35...38 67.0
Sportage 5 x 139.7 0...3 108.0
LADA
Model P.C.D. Offset C/Bore
Riva, Samara 4 x 98 35...38 58.5
LANCIA
Model P.C.D. Offset C/Bore
Dedra, Delta, Thema, Y10, Y 4 x 98 30...38 58.0
Dedra Turbo, Delta HF Integrale "91, Delta HPE 95 4 x 98 30 58.0
Dedra 2l 16v Integrale 91, Delta 16vTurbo 93 4 x 98 38 58.0
Delta HF Integrale 92 5 x 98 35 58.0
Zeta 5 x 98 28...30 58.0
Kappa 5 x 108 28...30 58.0
LAND ROVER
Model P.C.D. Offset C/Bore
Freelander 5 x 114 35
Range Rover (new) 5 x 120 35 74
Land Rover (traditional) 5 x 165
LEXUS
Model P.C.D. Offset C/Bore
GS/SC300, LS/SC400 5 x 114.3 35...42 60.0
LINCOLN
Model P.C.D. Offset C/Bore
Continental 90, Mark VIII 93 5 x 108 38...40 63.3
MAZDA
Model P.C.D. Offset C/Bore
121 95, 323, Demio, MX3, MX5 4 x 100 35...42 54.0
121 96 4 x 108 30...35 63.3
626 91, RX7 5 x 114.3 35...42 59.5
323 2l V6 94, 626 92, 929, Xedos 6, Xedos 9 5 x 114.3 35...42 67.0
MERCEDES
Model P.C.D. Offset C/Bore
All (except below) 5 x 112 35...42 66.5
SL models 5 x 112 18...25 66.5
A Class, Vito 5 x 112 45...50 66.5
Sprinter 5 x 130 45
MITSUBISHI
Model P.C.D. Offset C/Bore
Carisma, Colt 92, Lancer 92 4 x 100 35...42 56.0
Carisma 1.8 16v, Colt 91, Lancer 91,
Galant, Space Wagon, Space Runner 4 x 114.3 35...42 67.0
Eclipse, Simga 5 x 114.3 35...42 67.0
L200, L300 6 x 139.7 0...-15 108.0
Pajero, Shogun 6 x 139.7 -15...-25 108.0
NISSAN
Model P.C.D. Offset C/Bore
100NX, Almera, Micra, Sunny 4 x 100 35...42 59.0
200SX 94, Bluebird, Prairie, Primera 4 x 114.3 35...42 66.0
200SX 94, 300ZX, Maxima, Serena 5 x 114.3 35...42 66.0
Terrano 2 6 x 139.7 0...3 100.0
Terrano 6 x 139.7 -15...-25 100.0
Patrol, Pathfinder 6 x 139.7 -15...-25 108.0
Patrol GR 6 x 139.7 -15...-25 112.0
PEUGEOT
Model P.C.D. Offset C/Bore
106 (3-stud) 3 x 098 9...12 58.0
106 (4-stud) 4 x 108 12...18 65.0
205, 306, 309, 405, 406 4 x 108 15...22 65.0
206, 307 4 x 108 25 65.0
605XM 5 x 108 35 65.0
806 5 x 98 28...30 58.0
PORSCHE
Model P.C.D. Offset C/Bore
924 (4-stud) 4 x 108 15 57.0
911, 924, 930, 944 86 5 x 130 25 71.5
911 Carrera 2/4, 928, 944 87, 964, 968, 993 5 x 130 45 71.5
PROTON
Model P.C.D. Offset C/Bore
All 4 x 100 35...42 56.0
RENAULT
Model P.C.D. Offset C/Bore
Clio, Megane, Laguna, R19, R21, Espace 4 x 100 35...38 60.0
R21 Turbo, Laguna V6 5 x 108 35 60.0
ROVER
Model P.C.D. Offset C/Bore
MGF 4 x 95.25 35...30 56.6
Disc offset is one of the most important geometric characteristics, along with the diameter and number of bolted connections. Although there is still a slight discrepancy from the requirements that the company that manufactures and produces the car insists on.
To correctly measure the distance between the vertical (vertical) plane of symmetry of the wheel and the very surface of the disk to the car hub in mm, you need to use the formula:
ET=a-b/2, where
a – span between two verticals, the inner plane, and the surface adjacent to the hub
b – the entire width of the car rim.
To put it in ordinary, understandable words, the offset of an ET disc is an indicator of how much it looks outward from the wheel arch. If the offset is large, then the wheel will retreat deeper, and if its indicator decreases, on the contrary, it will move outward.
WATCH THE VIDEO
- Null;
- Negative;
- Positive.
This value is often applied to the inner surface of any car rim, and their unit of measurement is expressed in mm. Other parameters of the disks are also included; they mean the following:
- Width;
- Diameter;
- PCD of the disk - the number of mounting bolts and the diameter of their location;
- DIA - diameter of the mounting hole located in the center;
Minus or negative offset
Naturally, this has a characteristic effect on the steering characteristics, and therefore on the maneuverability of the car as a whole. The vectors and moments of force directly affecting various suspension elements change. All this will undoubtedly force the entire chassis of the car to work in a different mode, which is absolutely not taken into account by the manufacturer, so when purchasing wheels with a negative offset, it is better to consult with a manager or a store specialist.
Large offset (15,35,40,45) and its increase using a spacer
The suspension of a truck or car is clearly standardized and calculated by the manufacturer and the designers developing it. However, if you approach this tuning wisely, then in the end the increased wheelbase of the car and its track can increase the stability of the car.
And also the wheels protruding beyond the edges of the car will be a plus when supplementing it with plastic modifiers. The main thing that a car enthusiast needs to clearly understand is that the service life for which a given wheel bearing is designed decreases in direct proportion to the difference in the distance of the displaced disk and the original one recommended by the manufacturer.
To increase the disc overhang, a so-called spacer element is used. It is installed tightly between the disc and the drum, or the hub, it all depends on the model and design of the car’s brakes. The dimensions of these elements are of great importance; there are several types:
- Thickness up to 6 mm is considered small, but often the length of the original mounting bolt is enough to properly fix the disc together with the iron spacer.
- Thickness up to 25 mm. they already have a centering hub, which eliminates the option of destabilizing the balancing of the wheel parameter. The car acquires notes of a sporty, aggressive character and the spacers installed on it are visually identified.
- The thickness of the spacer is from 25 to 50 mm, which is considered quite large. They are attached to the hub or drum not only with bolts, but also with studs. Bolts are recommended for VAZ cars, fastening with a stud for brands such as Niva or UAZ.
The spacer to increase the offset must be made of durable metal. Therefore, before a car enthusiast starts making them manually, it is worth considering the risks and consequences of their installation. Still, it is recommended by experts to purchase high-quality factory spacers and offset wheels, which will be made from the required grade of steel, and also meet all reliability and safety requirements. Naturally, when choosing and specifying the parameters of disks and spacers, it is worth taking into account the number of mounting bolts and their length.
The influence of wheel width and offset ET on driving characteristics
Every car owner who is thinking about installing a disc with a non-standard offset should think about the consequences, and in particular, what can happen after their installation, as well as what exactly the disc offset affects:
- Steering axis offset;
- Sudden wear of bearings ahead of schedule;
- A radical change from the previous factory handling;
- Changing the service life of tires and all suspension parts and components.
All these reasons are not just words; they are based on the laws of physics. After all, it is known that the mass of any four-wheeled mechanism is generally distributed over all its wheels. The point of application of force is directed at the base of contact of the road surface directly with the wheel.
Even if we assume theoretically that the chassis and suspension are absolutely in good working order, then the vector of the wheel axis will be laid through this base. The vector line of the car's shock absorber located in the strut is also directed to the same point.
Installing wheels with an offset offset will change the vector of these forces, and therefore their load. That is, the installation of non-regulatory wheels will change the appearance of the car, making it unique and inimitable, but the driving performance will deteriorate, and the wear of spare parts will increase significantly. Of course, if the manufacturer does not provide for such a replacement.
Acceptable table of deviations for the most common car brands (Mercedes, Toyota, UAZ)
Each specific car brand has its own permissible deviations, which are best not violated.
| No. | Automobile model | Allowable disc overhang, mm |
| 1 | Chevrolet Camaro | 38-50 |
| 2 | Chevrolet Corvette | 38-50 |
| 3 | Chevrolet Aveo 1.6 | 39 |
| 4 | Alfa Romeo 33 | 30-38 |
| 5 | Alfa Romeo GTV | 28 |
| 6 | Alfa Romeo 145 | 38 |
| 7 | Alfa Romeo 146 | 38 |
| 8 | Alfa Romeo 166 | 35-40 |
| 9 | Alfa Romeo 155 | 38 |
| 10 | Alfa Romeo 156 | 28-30 |
| 11 | Audi A4 | 35 |
| 12 | Audi A8 | 35 |
| 13 | Audi A6 | 35 |
| 14 | Audi 80 | 35-42 |
| 15 | Audi 100 | 35-42 |
| 16 | Audi TT | 28-30 |
| 17 | Audi Quattro | 35-42 |
| 18 | Audi A3 | 30-40 |
| 19 | BMW 3 | 15-25 |
| 20 | BMW 3 (E36) | 35-42 |
| 21 | BMW M3 | 18-20 |
| 22 | BMW 5 | 18-20 |
| 23 | BMW 7 | 18-20 |
| 24 | BMW 7 (E32) | 18-20 |
| 25 | BMW 8 | 18-20 |
| 26 | Citroen Berlingo | 15-22 |
| 27 | Citroen Jumper | 35 |
| 28 | Citroen Evasion | 28 – 30 |
| 29 | Citroen Xsara | 15 – 22 |
| 30 | Citroen Xantia | 15 – 22 |
| 31 | Daewoo Nexia | 38 – 42 |
| 32 | Daewoo Espero | 38 – 42 |
| 33 | Daewoo Lanos | 38 – 42 |
| 34 | Daewoo Matiz | 38 |
| 35 | Daewoo Leganza | 35 – 42 |
| 36 | Daewoo Nubira | 38 – 42 |
| 37 | Dodge Magnum 2.7 V6 | 24 |
| 38 | Dodge Avenger 2.0i | 35 – 39 |
| 39 | Dodge Caliber 2.0 | 35 |
| 40 | Dodge Caliber SRT4 2.4i | 40 |
| 41 | Dodge Caravan 2.4i | 35 – 40 |
| 42 | Dodge Challenger 6.1 V8 | 40 |
| 43 | Dodge Durango 3.7 V6 | 15 |
| 44 | Fiat Qubo 1.3 | 40-44 |
| 45 | Fiat Bravo 1.4i | 31 – 32 |
| 46 | Fiat Croma 2.2 | 35 – 41 |
| 47 | Fiat Doblo 1.9JTD 263 | 32 |
| 48 | Fiat Doblo 1.9JTD 223 | 32 |
| 49 | Ford Scorpio | 35 – 38 |
| 50 | Ford Cougar | 35 – 38 |
| 51 | Ford Explorer | 0 – 3 |
| 52 | Ford Escort | 35 – 38 |
| 53 | Ford Focus | 35 – 38 |
| 54 | Ford Focus 2 | 35 – 38 |
| 55 | Ford Fiesta | 35 – 38 |
| 56 | Ford Granada | 35 – 38 |
| 57 | Ford Galaxy | 42 – 45 |
| 58 | Ford Ka | 35 – 38 |
| 59 | Ford Mondeo 1 | 35 – 42 |
| 60 | Ford Mondeo 2 | 35 – 42 |
| 61 | Ford Mustang | 35 – 38 |
| 62 | Ford Sierra | 35 – 38 |
| 63 | Ford Scorpio | 35 – 38 |
| 64 | Ford Orion | 35 – 38 |
| 65 | Ford Puma | 35 – 38 |
| 66 | Ford Windstar | 35 – 38 |
| 67 | Ford Transit | 35 – 38 |
| 68 | Honda Shuttle | 35 – 38 |
| 69 | Honda CRX | 35 – 38 |
| 70 | Honda Accord | 35 – 38 |
| 71 | Honda Integra | 35 – 38 |
| 72 | Honda Civic | 35 – 38 |
| 73 | Honda Civic VTEC | 38 |
| 74 | Honda Concerto | 35 – 38 |
| 75 | Honda Jazz | 35 – 38 |
| 76 | Honda Prelude | 38 |
| 77 | Honda Legend | 35 – 38 |
| 78 | Honda CRV 5 | 40 – 45 |
| 79 | Hyundai Pony | 35 – 38 |
| 80 | Hyundai Accent | 35 – 38 |
| 81 | Hyundai Coupe | 35 – 38 |
| 82 | Hyundai Lantra | 35 – 38 |
| 83 | Hyundai Sonata | 35 – 38 |
| 84 | Hyundai Excel | 35 – 38 |
| 85 | Kia Shuma | 35 – 38 |
| 86 | Kia Ceed | 38 – 42 |
| 87 | Kia Leo | 35 – 38 |
| 88 | Kia Clarus | 35 – 38 |
| 89 | Kia Sephia | 35 – 38 |
| 90 | Kia Concord | 35 – 38 |
| 91 | Kia Sportage | 0 – 3 |
| 92 | Kia Mentor | 35 – 38 |
| 93 | Mercedes-Benz Sprinter | 45 |
| 94 | MercedesBenz A Class | 45 – 50 |
| 95 | MercedesBenz B-Class | 47 – 52 |
| 96 | MercedesBenz C-Class | 43 – 47 |
| 97 | MercedesBenz E-Class | 48 – 54 |
| 98 | MercedesBenz G-Class | 43, 50, 63 |
| 99 | MercedesBenz M-Class | 46 – 50, 60 |
| 100 | MercedesBenz S-Class | 36 – 43,5 |
| 101 | MercedesBenz SLK | 45 – 50 |
| 102 | MercedesBenz 600SL | 18 – 25 |
| 103 | MercedesBenz 280SL | 18 – 25 |
| 104 | MercedesBenz Vito | 45 – 50 |
| 105 | Mitsubishi Lancer | 35 – 42 |
What owner does not want to give his car originality. For this purpose, tuning is carried out, which can significantly transform the appearance of the vehicle. In this case, considerable attention is paid to the selection of wheel rims.
And here you always want to move away from the standard sizes and install low-profile wheels, which has recently become fashionable. And not everyone understands that you should know what the permissible disc offset deviations are on your car model.
Before rushing to the nearest store and tuning your iron horse, you should consider important points. It is worth considering that not every seller is ready to provide professional advice, since his main task is to sell the product. Fortunately, not everyone is such a consultant, but the difficulty is that you never know who is in front of you. If the store is trusted, then there is nothing to worry about.
So, let’s figure out what’s what and consider many of the nuances in order to avoid unnecessary expenses and inconsistencies. In addition, there are many myths on the topic of disk failure, which, as you know, have nothing to do with reality.
ET disk ejection - what is it?
Some believe that the offset of a wheel is the amount of its protruding part from the body. In reality, everything is not so simple.
Any wheel rim has a mating plane with which it comes into contact with the hub during installation. So the overhang of the disk is the distance from this plane to the vertical axis of the disk, dividing it into two symmetrical halves. This is clearly visible in the figure below.
The parameter such as rim offset (ET) should not be underestimated, since it is an important geometric characteristic of the wheel rim. Its value can have a direct impact on traffic safety, which affects the lives of the driver, passengers and other road users.
In addition, due to incorrectly selected disc offset, suspension components wear out prematurely.
Drivers often make three main mistakes when choosing new rims:
- they put appearance above all else: beautiful geometry, attractiveness, shine, etc.;
- fully trust consultants in the hope of receiving qualified advice;
- labeling is not taken into account.
The result is almost disastrous consequences. As for sellers, you should be skeptical about many recommendations, especially advice on purchasing various spacers. Let's try to prevent this and move on to the next important point.
Formula and labeling
The term disc overhang is designated by the letters ET from the German Einpress Tief (extrusion depth). Its calculation formula is as follows:
where a is the distance between the inner plane of the disk and the part that comes into contact with the hub, b is the width of the disk. You can see it most clearly in the figure below.
The calculation is made in millimeters. In some cases, instead of the letters ET, the disc offset is marked with the following inscriptions: DEPORT or OFFSET. For example, the following values may be: ET0, ET30, ET-15.
What happens
If you make several calculations, it will become noticeable that this parameter can be of three types:
- positive;
- null;
- negative.
In the first case, this indicates that the vertical axis of the disk is removed by a certain amount from the point of attachment to the hub. In the second, it means that the vertical axis and the mating plane of the disk coincide. Discs with negative offset are when the plane of attachment to the hub protrudes beyond the vertical axis of the disc. This is clearly visible in the figure below.
Of all types, positive disc ejection is the most common, while negative ET is very rare. The choice of this characteristic must be taken seriously. Otherwise, such rims may not be suitable for your car, which will negatively affect its operation.
What does disc ejection affect?
Disc offset directly affects the vehicle's wheelbase. When the disc offset changes, the wheel will either go deeper into the body or protrude beyond its limits. It is important for all car owners to know that an incorrectly selected offset can lead to undesirable consequences. In particular, the following may happen:
- steering axis displacement;
- premature wear of bearings;
- deterioration in controllability;
- tires wear out prematurely;
- the service life of the suspension is reduced.
The manufacturer strictly regulates the ET disc offset parameter and it is highly recommended not to deviate even a millimeter from the standard value.
Video - what is ET crash on disks:
Each vehicle model has its own characteristics of stability and controllability. Therefore, each car has its own offset value. Otherwise, with a negative offset, the wheel will touch the body, and with a positive offset, it will come into contact with the suspension components.
It is no coincidence that the manufacturer indicates certain values, since in this case the suspension experiences an acceptable level of load. If the ET parameter does not match, the suspension experiences an increased level of load, which leads to premature wear of the tires, balls, or the entire suspension. And if a critical load occurs, all this can lead to tragic consequences.
What forces can act on the suspension
Now a little theory about how force can act on a suspension. If we consider each force on a separate element of the entire suspension, we can write a volume equal in volume to L. Tolstoy’s work “War and Peace”. Therefore, for the sake of understanding, we will limit ourselves to .
According to Newton's third law, the entire mass of the car is distributed to all 4 wheels. In this case, the direction of the force acting on each wheel comes from the road surface. The point of application of this force is at the center of the contact patch between the wheel and the road. If we take into account the good condition of the suspension, then the vertical axis of the wheel will pass through this center. The axis of the shock absorber strut is directed towards it.
Based on the design of the suspension, the force acts on the hub bearing, control arm, steering joints (tension), and also the shock absorber (compression). All this is taken into account by designers at the stage of developing suspension elements.
In this case, the manufacturer provides a certain safety margin value. But there is one nuance here: an increased value of the reserve leads to an increase in the cost of manufacturing the entire suspension. Therefore, the reserve is often made as a compromise.
The offset of the disc just “regulates” the distance from the vertical axis of the wheel to the hub. With the displacement of this axis, the position of the steering axis also changes, as a result of which the force changes its vector.
At the same time, the steering wheel no longer rotates the same way, that is, maneuvers are now noticeably more difficult. In addition, the rubber wears unevenly. As a result, the suspension operates in a mode that is not provided by the manufacturer. As a result, suspension units fail faster.
How to make the right choice of disks
It is now clear that changing the offset of the ET disc even by 5 mm leads to undesirable consequences. Therefore, it should be carried out taking into account the recommendations of the vehicle manufacturer, including the amount of overhang.
Where do different parts come from for the same cars?
Quite often there are situations when different spare suspension parts are purchased for two cars that differ only in engine type. How can this be explained?
The thing is that designers, during the design of cars, calculate a large number of parameters. Based on the design of the vehicle, certain requirements are drawn up for individual components.
And since different engines differ in weight, the load on the suspension, in this case, will also vary.
Previously, manufacturers included a large margin of safety in components and assemblies. Unfortunately, in the modern automotive industry, much attention is paid to reducing production costs.
For this reason, the safety margin becomes smaller. Nowadays it is almost impossible to find a universal spare part and different components and elements of the same car brand, but with different parameters, go on sale.
The same can be said about disc failure. If earlier this parameter could not be taken into account, now this is not permissible.
Difficult choice
The modern automobile industry produces a large number of cars. For this reason, with the abundance of models, it becomes very difficult to choose the right type of rims and in accordance with the recommendations of the car manufacturer. Often, owners have to choose between beauty, quality and safety.
Most sellers can assure you that a slight deviation of +/- 5mm will not have a major impact on the vehicle's performance. Sometimes in reality this turns out to be the case, but there are a number of models for which this deviation is critical. Therefore, following the manufacturers' recommendations will avoid problems with the suspension.
Spacers as an alternative solution
But not everything is as bad as it might seem, since there is a solution - wheel spacers. They are produced in the form of flat metal pancakes, and are installed between the hub and the disk. That is, now you don’t have to worry if you purchased a set of wheels with the necessary parameters, but with an offset different from the standard value. The situation will be corrected by spacers of the required thickness.
Video - how to measure disc offset:
In addition, spacers can be useful if the number or position of holes for mounting bolts does not match. Some car enthusiasts use them to extend the wheelbase.
Spacers can be of different types:
- thin;
- average;
- thick;
- super thick.
Thin elements (3-10 mm) are suitable when the wheel slightly touches the suspension components. The middle ones have a thickness of 12-20 mm and can be with an additional centering hole. Thick spacers are 20-30 mm thick and help compensate for negative offset. Extra thick parts with a thickness of 30-40 mm. They are relevant for tuning an SUV.
Based on this, we can highlight the main tasks that can be solved using wheel spacers.