Windows 8 public network change. What types of networks exist

Hello, friends! In this article we will touch on network setup in the operating room. Windows system 7. Namely, let's deal with home groups. This feature in Windows 7 makes it easier to share information between users on your home network. Here we will look at setting up IP addresses for computers so that you can create a home group and set up network placement. Let's see how to create home groups, how to join them and, of course, how to share directories so that other users can work with them. We will also consider a place from which you can conveniently control the shared resources on your PC. I hope that after reading this article, you can easily set up a home network between Windows 7 computers.

Firstly In order for computers to work properly on the network, it is necessary to synchronize the time between them. On all computers on the network necessary expose current time and make sure it doesn’t get lost.

Secondly. It is necessary to set IP addresses for computers so that they are on the same network. This function is usually assigned to the router or router. Then he assigns an address from a given range to each connected computer. If you don't have a router, then you need to configure addresses manually.

This is done as follows

1. In the notification area, left-click on the icon Net. In the window that opens, click on the link Network and Sharing Centeraccess

In the opened Network Control Center and shared access click on the left side

The window that opens displays all the network connections of your computer. Choose the connection through which you will connect to your home network. This can be a wired network connection, wireless wired network or other. Select it with the left mouse button and call up the context menu right click mice. Choose Properties

In the Network window that opens, we need the Client for Microsoft networks, File and Printer Sharing Service for Microsoft Networks and Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4). Select the last one and press the button Properties

In the TCP/IP properties select Use the following IP address. In the IP address field, enter the address and subnet mask (for example, such as in the figure IP - 192.168.0.1 and subnet mask - 255.255.255.0)

In the window that opens, check the box Get the latest troubleshooting tools online

There are a lot of people working at Microsoft so that we can fix it. typical errors using this tool.

Now, if problems arise, not only with your HomeGroup, you can use the latest tools.

The home group has been created and the settings have been configured. Now you need to connect the remaining computers on the network.

On the computer that we want to connect to the HomeGroup, we will find this element

Since the group has already been created we will be offered Join

We specify the libraries that we want to make publicly available and click Further

In the next window enter the password to the home group and click Further

If you are using wired connection, select tab Ethernet and left-click on the Ethernet connection. If Ethernet adapter disabled, then the tab Ethernet will be unavailable.

Network profile Public or Private

If you are using wireless connection, select tab WiFi and in the right part of the window, left-click on your Wi-Fi connection. If Wi-Fi adapter disabled, then the tab WiFi will be unavailable.

In the next window, in the category Network profile select the network profile you need: Public or Private. Changes take effect immediately.

How to change the network type (network location) from using Windows PowerShell

You can also change the network type using Windows PowerShell. To do this, you first need to find out the number network interface, for which you need to change the network type. with administrator rights and run the command:

Line InterfaceIndex will give necessary information about the number of the required network interface.

"Public"

Interface_number-NetworkCategory Public

where instead of Interface_number

Set-NetConnectionProfile -InterfaceIndex 2 -NetworkCategory Public

To change the network type (network location) to "Private", run a command like this:

Set-NetConnectionProfile -InterfaceIndexInterface_number-NetworkCategory Private

Where instead Interface_number indicate your interface number.

IN in this case the command will look like this:

Set-NetConnectionProfile -InterfaceIndex 2 -NetworkCategory Private

After executing the command, the changes take effect immediately.

 There are several types of network locations.

 ■ Private network used for home networks or networks where users and devices are known and can be trusted. Computers on a private network can belong to a homegroup. For private networks, network discovery is enabled, allowing other computers and devices connected to the network to be used and allowing other users to access the computer from the network.

 ■ Public network used in public places (such as cafes and airports). This location is configured to make the computer "invisible" for other users and increase its protection against malicious software in the Internet. HomeGroup is not available on public networks, and network discovery disabled. This option should also be selected if you are using direct connection Internet without a router or mobile high-speed connection.

■ Network location option Domain is used for domain-based networks, such as those that exist at workplaces in organizations. This type of location is controlled by the network administrator and cannot be selected or changed.

If you don't need to share files or printers, the safest option is Public network

Many people who are just starting to master the computer are not familiar with the concept of “network type”. When they connect to any point on the internet, they don't know whether to choose public or private. What are the characteristics of these network types? Which one should I stop at? Are there any other types? How to change the type if necessary if you have Windows 10?

Network type: what is it?

IN various options Windows OS, in particular, starting with Vista, users have the right to choose the so-called network profile. This is the type of network. Its third name is “network location” - the official term used by Microsoft.

Network profile is a special set of settings for two standard Windows services: “Local Security Policy” and “Firewall”. After enabling a particular profile, these services themselves are reconfigured to ensure the level of security that corresponds to the newly activated network type.

Thus, determining the type of network is necessary to ensure the security of the computer in certain conditions of Internet use. The network location is selected depending on the location where the device is located (home, cafe, work, etc.).

What types of networks exist

Windows users can choose from the following network types:

1. "Private Network" This type had a different name before the appearance Windows versions 8 - “Home network”. OS clients use it mainly at home, where users and devices trust each other. In this regard, the “OS” does not install high level security: activates detection of devices that are located at a distance from each other a short distance(that is, they see each other), access to shared network documents and printers is allowed. The computer rarely reminds its users that caution must be taken to keep the computer safe. In this profile there is an opportunity to collect your “ Home group» - combining several devices under the control of an administrator, who can deny some users access to certain shared resources, and, on the contrary, allow others. In the "Private Network" devices see each other and can exchange data
2. « Work network"or "Enterprise network". This profile is very similar to the “Home Network”, since here the level of trust is just as high: users can freely print text and other files to the printer, as well as open shared documents. This network has System Administrator who monitors security. The only difference is that in the “Work Network” you cannot create a “Home Group”, therefore, if the latter is not necessary, it does not matter which one you choose - home or work.
3. « Community Network", "Public Network" or "Shared Network". By the name, you can determine the places where this type is used: airports, libraries, cafes, cinemas, etc. This profile protects the computer as much as possible: it becomes invisible to other devices that are nearby, which means it is extremely difficult to access it. The system is also effectively configured to repel virus attacks and unauthorized intrusion into PC memory. It is obvious that in this type it is impossible to make a “Homegroup”, since it completely excludes sharing shared data and devices (such as printers), and file transfers. "Public Network" must also be installed if used mobile connection.
   The “Public Network” profile is used in crowded places: cafes, restaurants, airports, libraries, etc.
4. Domain network. It is installed at workplaces in various organizations. This network location provides centralized control and management of computers on big enterprise. There is always a master PC here - the “Domain Controller”, which determines which files a particular slave computer will have access to. In this type of network, the host PC also decides which sites users can visit and which they cannot.
   In the “Domain” network, computers are subordinate to the main device - the “Domain Controller”

Since the “Public Network” has the highest level of security, when creating a new network on a PC (connecting to it for the first time), the system by default wants to assign it the public type. A panel appears on the left side of the PC screen where the system asks the user whether he wants other devices to see his PC.

Allow or block devices from discovering your PC

If you click on the “Yes” button, the system will enable the “Private Network” profile. When you click on the “No” button, the computer will operate in the maximum security level mode, that is, in the “Public Network”.

In Windows 10, "Work Network" and "Home Network" were combined into one - the "Private" profile.

How to change network type on Windows 10

Even in the “seven”, users had the opportunity, if necessary, to change the network profile directly in the “Network Center” window, which was launched through the “Control Panel”. In the “ten” it is necessary to use other methods for this purpose.

Through Windows settings

For beginners, the best way to change in themselves is to Windows settings, specifically in the Options window. How can I launch it on the screen and in which sections can I open it? Let's look at it in detail in the instructions:

1. Click on the “Start” button, which is located in the bottom left corner to launch the program of the same name. system menu. In it, click on the gear icon located above the button to turn off the PC.
   Click on the gear in the Start menu to open the " Windows Settings»
2. As a result, a large Windows Settings window will appear on the screen. It can be called up with a special key combination: Win + I. Among all the tiles, select “Network and Internet”, which is located in the first row of the fourth.
   Click on the Network and Internet tile
3. Switch to the Ethernet block and click on the network to which you are connected.
   Click on the current network in the Ethernet tab
4. On the page that opens, choose between “Public” and “Private” depending on what level of security you need to surf the Internet. There is no need to restart the device after making changes: they take effect immediately.
   Select one of two options: “Public” or “Private”

Through the "Local Security Policy" window

Changing the network type is also possible in the window in which various security policies are available. Let's look at the procedure step by step:

1. To launch the window we need, hold down two keys: Win and R. In the universal window for launching standard Windows panels write the code secpol.msc. After this, click on OK or Enter on the keyboard.
   Paste secpol.msc into the "Open" field
2. If the first launch method does not work, use the second. Call the “Control Panel” and find the “Administration” object in the list. If the display mode is “Small icons”, the section will be the first in the last column.
   Find the “Administration” item in the list
3. In Windows Explorer, find Local Security Policy and double click run it.
   Double-click the Local Security Policy window
4. In the window, go to the fourth block called “Network List Manager Policies”. On the short list, the last item would be your network. We click on it once with the right mouse button to open a menu with options, in which we select the “Properties” item.
   Select the first item "Properties" in context menu
5. Here we switch directly to the last block “Network location”. If you want to set a private network profile, for the first parameter, select the second value “Personal”: put a round mark to the left of it. For the “User Permissions” item, a third value is required.
   In the “Network Location” tab, select “Personal” and “User cannot exclude location”
6. Click on “Apply” and then on OK so that all changes made are saved immediately.
7. If, on the contrary, you want to make the network public, check the circle next to “Public”. In the second, put a value with the ability to change the location.

Using Registry Editor

This method is suitable for more advanced PC users, since it involves working in important service Windows “Registry Editor”, on whose coordinated operation the functioning of the device itself depends. You must edit entries here as carefully as possible, strictly following the instructions:

1. Again, open the familiar “Run” window using the Win and R key combination. This time we type a simpler code to launch the “Registry Editor”: regedit. Now press Enter or OK.
   Type the command regedit in the Run window
2. We allow the editor to make changes on the device by clicking on the “Yes” button.
   Click on the "Yes" button to allow Registry Editor to make changes to your device
3. In the left narrow panel of the window, double-click on the third branch of HKLM.
   Open the HKLM branch in an editor window
4. Now you need to carefully open next blocks in strict sequence: SOFTWARE - Microsoft - Windows NT - CurrentVersion - NetworkList - Profiles.
   In the Profiles section there will be one or more folders corresponding to the networks your PC connected to
5. In the last open section there must be at least one folder. As a rule, there are much more of them on the list. Each of them corresponds to one or another network to which the device was previously connected. The system gives them names in the form (95476…..E08).
6. The user's current network usually comes first. To verify this, pay attention to the “Value” of the last parameter in this folder called ProfileName. It must match your network name.
   Select the desired folder among those available using the ProfileName entry
7. When you have found the desired folder in the Profiles block, open it and look for the Category registry entry. She will be at the top of the list. Click on it with the right mouse button or double-click with the left one. In the first case, in a small context menu gray click on “Change”.
   Select the "Edit" option from the context menu
8. A window will open on top of the editor. In the “Value” line, write one of the following numbers depending on what type of network you want to install:
   • 0 - “Public network”;
   • 1 - “Private network”;
   • 2 - “Domain network”.
9. Click OK, close the window and restart the device.
   Enter the required number in the “Value” line

Via PowerShell

Standard Windows utility PowerShell provides an alternative to " Command line", with which users can perform a wide variety of actions on their PC: from launching applications to changing system settings. PowerShell allows you to install another network profile using certain codes:

1. Launch the panel called " Windows Search» through the magnifying glass icon located to the right of the Start button. We print on the line PowerShell query. The system will immediately display required service in search results. Write a PowerShell query in the search bar
2. We right-click on it and in the gray menu click on the first option “Run as administrator”. From the gray menu, select the "Run as administrator" option
3. We allow the editor to make changes on the computer: click on “Yes”.
4. First, we need to know the index of your current network for which you want to change the type. To do this you need to insert short command get-NetConnectionProfile.
   In the PowerShell window, paste the command get-NetConnectionProfile
5. The system will display the required data. We remember the number of the InterfaceIndex parameter.
   Remember the number in the InterfaceIndex parameter
6. Now it's time to change the network profile. If you want to set "Public Network", copy and paste the following longer code: Set-NetConnectionProfile -InterfaceIndex "Interface Number" -NetworkCategory Public. Instead of a number, you need to write the number that you remembered in the previous step of these instructions.
   Enter the command Set-NetConnectionProfile -InterfaceIndex "Interface Number" -NetworkCategory Public and insert the number corresponding to the InterfaceIndex parameter
7. If, on the contrary, you want to make the network private, instead of Public at the end of the code, type Private. We also insert individual number interface.
   Replace Public with Private to enable "Private Network"
8. For the code to execute, you just need to press Enter on your keyboard. All changes will take effect immediately.

Video: how to install a different network profile in Windows 10 using different methods

How to set the network type for Wi-Fi

Establish a different type of network connection to Wi-Fi hotspot You can also use the Windows Settings window. However, here it is necessary to use another section, corresponding wireless networks. The procedure is simple and does not take much time:

What type of network to install depends on the location you are in. this moment. The “public network” is the safest, since in public places there is a chance of being exposed to virus attacks and hacking the most. The “Private” profile can be selected if you are at home or at work. You can change the type at any time in several ways. The easiest and most convenient way is through the Windows Settings window.

One of the troubles that sometimes happens to a new network connection in Windows 8.x is that the network is incorrectly identified as public(Public Network) when to be defined as private(Private), and vice versa. From GUI Network and Sharing Center cannot change the network type.

So let's use the improved Windows support PowerShell in Windows 8.1 and we'll do it all quickly and easily. First, open an elevated PowerShell window (as Administrator) so you are not affected by session restrictions regular user(even if he is a member of the local administrators group):

Anyone can do this in a convenient way, for example, like this

PSH> Start-Process PowerShell.exe -verb RunAs

Now, in a new window that has opened, let's see how our current network is defined

PSH>Get-NetConnectionProfile
Name: Network 4
InterfaceAlias: Ethernet0
InterfaceIndex: 3
Network Category: Public
IPv4Connectivity: Internet
IPv6Connectivity: LocalNetwork

Naturally, you will get your own result. Here is a “live” screenshot from virtual Windows 8.1.

As you can see, the “problematic” interface has index 3 and the network type is Public.

This is also confirmed through Windows Explorer, and, as we see, the GUI does not allow you to change the connection type:

You need to use the following command to correct the situation (in my case, the index is 3, as we remember):

PSH> Set-NetConnectionProfile -InterfaceIndex 3 -NetworkCategory Private

And... Hurray! It worked, the network type changed to Private :)

You can also change the network type using the Registry Editor. To do this you need to run regedit.exe and go to the key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\NetworkList\Profiles, which will contain profiles of all network connections.

You can find the desired network profile by name in the Network Sharing Center, which is specified in the registry key ProfileName. The network type is specified in the parameter Category. The following values ​​for this key are available:

• 0 — Public Network
• 1 — Private Network
• 2 — Domain Network

Change the key value to the desired one and restart the computer.

Another way to change the network type is the Local Security Policy editor. Launch the snap-in secpol.msc and go to the section Network List Manager Policies. In the list of networks on the right, find the network by its name in the Network Sharing Center. Open network properties and go to the tab Network Location, change network type to Private and save the changes.

Note. If the server or computer is included in a domain, you cannot change the network type to another; when you reboot, the type will still change to Domain Network.

This story began with my purchase of a small, only 8 ports, but fast, 1 Gb/s on each port + internal operating speed up to 13.6 Gb/s switch.
I brought it home, unpacked it and connected it to the network so that my old router (aka 100 Mb/s switch, aka access point) would no longer look directly at my main PC, but at the new switch.
Why did I do this?
Yes, because I got a home NAS a little earlier and now 100 Mb/s was not enough for me and I decided that it was time to increase the speed of my home network.

The first evening everything was great.
Data began to simply fly across the network.
The speed of working with the NAS has become remarkable.
And I was quietly happy.

The very next day, my Windows 7 PC could not find the Internet.
From the word in general.

And I went online (from the laptop, fortunately it worked perfectly over WiFi and for it everything was the same as before).
On the Internet I only found articles like this.
There is a solution here, but it is suitable for Windows 7 Professional, and I have “Home advanced” at home.
The difference between these versions is that the valiant marketers from MS decided not to include all the software with the home version.
For example, the editing utility mentioned in the solution local policies The home versions simply don't.
So these solutions didn't work for me.

And I decided to figure out on my own whether it was possible to solve this problem with only what is in the home version of Windows 7.
And you know, I won her :)

It turned out the following: for some reason Windows 7 decided that since it is now looking at a device that is unfamiliar to it, it means that this connection must be considered an unfamiliar public network.
However home network did not go away (after all, the router was still online and did not change the address).

Remark:
Unlike Windows XP, these "wonderful" network types directly affect the built-in FireWall.
That is, if the network is in “Public” mode, then there will be such restrictions that it will be practically impossible to work with it.

Put away new network it was possible if you turned it off and on network adapter.
But doing this EVERY time you turn on the PC is tiring.
So it was necessary to look for another way out.
It took me about an hour to search.
And now I can help you with this problem.

Action plan

1) Open "Network and Sharing Center"

2) Click with the left mouse button (LMB) on the “house” of our old network.

4) We see our old one good network. We will need to remove it. But now, unfortunately, this will not be possible. By the way, there may be more networks here if you have, for example, a VPN. It may not be:)

5) Close the window with the list of networks, and leave the “Setting network properties” window (the one that opened after clicking LMB on the “house”) OPEN. We will still need it, but we won’t be able to open it.

6) B separate window open the list of network adapters.

7) Disable our network adapter (if you have more than one, select the one through which you are connected to the problem network).

8) After this, you need to return to the “Configuring network properties” window (remember, we left it open) and open “Merging or deleting network locations” again.

9) See, now we can delete our old network. So let's do it. After that, use the “OK” button to close both windows.

10) Turn on the network adapter back. The PC will find the network, but will not be able to recognize it, which is exactly what we wanted.

11) Now click LMB on the “Public Network” inscription (now it will work as a link). And, lo and behold, we can choose the network type!

12) Select the “Home” type (or “Work” if you are at work).

13) In principle, that’s all. But for beauty, you can also give the connection a name. To do this, click LMB on “Home” and set a new network name.

14) Close the window with the "OK" button.

This completes the process.
And your network works normally again :)

If you have any questions, please comment :)

This is my backup journal.

I would welcome comments in either of the two magazines.
After all, since you comment, it means you like it.