) in the "Products" section -> "CryptoPro EDS Browser plug-in"

When you run the downloaded file, the system will ask you to elevate your rights to system administrator. Installation without administrator rights is not possible.

After installation, be sure to restart your browser! Sometimes (in case of using Chrome) a system reboot is required, because... Closing all chrome windows does not unload the browser from RAM in all cases.

Additional settings for FireFox version 52.0 and later

Don't forget to install the plugin

For the plugin to work in FireFox starting from version 52, you need to install the latest version of the plugin (not lower than 2.0.12888) (see) and a special extension for FireFox.

To install the extension, follow the link from your FireFox. After the transition, you will be prompted to install the extension for FireFox - you must confirm the installation by clicking Install.

Additional settings for FireFox versions up to 52.0, FireFox ESR (Error: The plugin is loaded, but objects are not created)

After installing the add-on, its launch is allowed only after confirmation by the user. You can allow the add-on to run either only for the current site or forever for all sites

Option 1: setting permission to use the add-on only for the current site (https://www.site)

When the error occurred: The plugin is loaded, but objects are not created Pay attention to the address bar - an add-on icon has appeared in it:

Click on this icon - you will be asked to run the add-on and remember permission to run the add-on for this site forever.

Option 2: setting permission to use the add-on for all sites

Open the page with installed FireFox add-ons

In the list of add-ons, find CryptoPro CAdES NPAPI Browser Plug-in and change its launch mode to “Always Enable”

Additional settings for Opera

Open the page that searches for an add-on to install:

Enter "CryptoPro" in the search bar - the extension "CryptoPro Extension for CAdES Browser Plug-in" will be found. Click "Add to Opera" to install.

Additional settings for Yandex browser

For Yandex browser you need to follow a procedure similar to the case with Opera.

Additional settings for Google Chrome: permission of installed add-on

If the add-on is successfully installed, the next time you start Chrome you will receive a message asking you to confirm the launch of the add-on

In this dialog, you must allow the use of the extension

Hi all! Surely, many users could see the error “Failed to load plugin” on their monitor screen when playing online audio, video, or when trying to launch some kind of flash animation (game, banner, application, etc.). If you landed on this page, then most likely you saw a similar error. Today in this short instruction we will eliminate the error “ Failed to load plugin» in the browser quickly and easily.

First, friends, let's figure out what a browser plugin is. A plugin is, in other words, an addition that expands the capabilities of an Internet browser. There are a huge number of plugins today, and they are all in different directions. Any browser has basic plugins installed in order to display web resources correctly. If a message appears in your browser stating that the plugin could not be loaded, then most likely the problem is with Flash Player. Below we will look at several ways in which you can correct this error.

1st method. Updating the Internet browser

This method is the simplest and helps in most cases. I will show all the manipulations using the example of the popular Google Chrome browser. If you use another browser, do not worry, all steps are the same. So, in order to update the browser, go to the menu - Help - About the browser.

On the “About the program” page, find and click on the “Update” button.

After the update, check to see if the “Failed to load plugin” error appears again. If these steps did not help solve the problem, move on to the next method.

2nd method. Clearing history in the browser

This method will help when such an error appears only on some resources. It's quite simple - you need to clear the cache and cookies in your browser.

Cache – temporary browser files that store all web components of viewed resources (images, pages, video files, design, etc.). Thanks to the cache, the browser quickly loads pages of previously visited sites, since resource components are loaded not via the Internet, but from the local drive of the computer.

Cookies are also temporary files that store the user’s personal data (logins, passwords, website settings, etc.). When we go to any page, the browser sends all this data to the server, and therefore we can access any resource without re-entering the login and password for authorization.

So, let's clear the Cache and Cookies in our browser to try to resolve the error. Go to the menu, select “History”.

Then click on the “Clear history” button and carefully check that the checkboxes are checked, as shown below in the screenshot.

After this, all that remains is to restart the browser.

3rd method. Disabling unnecessary plugins

If the first two methods did not help, then proceed to disabling the extra plugin. First of all, let's open the page with installed plugins. The address is different for each browser:

If you use Chrome, then type chrome://plugins in the address bar
If you use Yandex, then enter browser://plugins in the address bar
If you use Opera, then type opera://plugins in the address bar
If you use Firefox, then type in about:plugins in the address bar

When the page with plugins opens, take a closer look to see if there is an extra Flash Player plugin. If there is one, I recommend disabling it (usually it is of the PPAPI type).

After disconnecting, restart the browser and check again.

4th method. Reinstalling Adobe Flash Player

If none of the methods described above helped, then I advise you to reinstall Adobe Flash Player. To do this, first of all, uninstall the old version of the flash player in Control Panel - Programs and Features. Then download the latest version of Adobe Flash Player from the official website.

I hope my little instruction about fixing the error " Failed to load plugin"helped you. If you solved this problem in any other way, you can write in the comments, this will help many users! Thank you for your attention and all the best!

Posted on 02/03/2016 in

General information

The plugin's programming interface involves calling asynchronous operations implemented based on promise objects. You can read more about the specification used in the implementation of the plugin. You need to install two types of handlers on promises:

• onFulfilled– fire when the promise is in the “successful” state;
• onRejected– fire when the promise is in the “completed with error” state.

The universal method for setting handlers is as follows: promise.then(onFulfilled, onRejected)

Initializing the plugin

To work with the plugin, you need to call the initialization function of the PKCS#11 component plugin.initPKCS11 . This function takes a list of module names (in the form of an array) as parameters. The list of provided modules can be viewed. If modules are not specified, the plugin will initiate all modules.
If you need to indicate which crypto providers should be used when running the capi module, you should use the following recording format:

Capi:(prov1),(mode):(prov2),(mode)

In this entry:

• prov1, prov2 – name of the crypto provider. The following values ​​are currently supported:
• Crypto-Pro GOST R 34.10-2001 Cryptographic Service Provider;
• Crypto-Pro GOST R 34.10-2012 Cryptographic Service Provider;
• Crypto-Pro GOST R 34.10-2012 Strong Cryptographic Service Provider;
• Signal-COM CPGOST Cryptographic Provider;
• Signal-COM GOST R 34.10-2012 (256) Cryptographic Provider;
• Signal-COM GOST R 34.10-2012 (512) Cryptographic Provider;
• Infotecs Cryptographic Service Provider.
• mode – display mode of the PIN code entry window. Can take the following values:

• 0 – default mode provided by the crypto provider;
• 1 – display of the native crypto provider window.
  Note: When working with Crypto-Pro on Linux, displaying the native crypto provider window is not available.
• 2 – displays a window in the plugin interface.
  Note: when working with Signal-COM, displaying the window in the plugin interface is not available.

To obtain keys from the Windows system storage, you should specify , and the mode is My.
Example of initiating all modules:

Plugin.initPKCS11(["ISBC ESMART", "Aladdin R.D. Unified JaCarta", "Rutoken", "SafeNet", "capi:Crypto-Pro GOST R 34.10-2001 Cryptographic Service Provider,0:Crypto-Pro GOST R 34.10-2012 Cryptographic Service Provider,0:Crypto-Pro GOST R 34.10-2012 Strong Cryptographic Service Provider,0:Signal-COM CPGOST Cryptographic Provider,0:Signal-COM GOST R 34.10-2012 (256) Cryptographic Provider,0:Signal-COM GOST R 34.10-2012 (512) Cryptographic Provider,0:Infotecs Cryptographic Service Provider,0: ,My"])

An example of initiating a module to obtain keys from the Windows system storage:

Plugin.initPKCS11(["capi: ,My"])

Upon successful initialization, the function returns an object (hereinafter using the promise mechanism) that has the modules and getCertsForSign functions.

Viewing a list of modules and their status

To view the list of modules and their status, you need to call the modules function.
Example request:

Pkcs11.modules.then(onFulfilled, onRejected);

An example of a function response (breaks are given for ease of reading):

[ ( "enable": true, "name": "Aladdin R.D. Unified JaCarta" ), ( "enable": true, "name": "Rutoken ECP" ), ( "enable": false, "error": "100 :failed to load p11 module", "name": "ISBC ESMART" ) ]

View the list of certificates

To view the list of detected certificates, you must call the getCertsForSign function. As a function call parameter, you must specify whether parallel mode of polling initialized PKCS#11 modules should be used:

• true– parallel access to modules (recommended mode);
• false– sequential access to modules.

The list of certificates is an array (JavaScript Array), the elements of which are certificate objects. The functions full_info , cms_sign_on_it , and start_signing can be executed on a certificate object.

View information about a specific certificate

To view information about a specific certificate, you need to call the full_info property, which returns information about the certificate as a json object. It includes the following parameters:

• sn– serial number of the certificate;
• subject– information about the subject to whom this electronic signature certificate was issued. Returned as json in the format “parameter: value”, where parameter is the name of the corresponding object identifier (OID). All standard object identifiers are given common designations, for example, CN (Common Name).
• issuer– information about the issuer of the electronic signature key certificate. Returned as json in the format “parameter: value”, where parameter is the name of the corresponding object identifier (OID). All standard object identifiers are given common notations;
• not_before– certificate validity start time (data type – string in ASN1_TIME format);
• not_after– certificate expiration time (data type – string in ASN1_TIME format);
• key_usage– information about the purpose of the key is returned as an array.

The start/end time of a certificate in ASN1_TIME format can be converted to a standard format using the new Date(ASN1_TIME) function.

Viewing electronic signature key data

To view information about a specific digital signature key for a certificate, you must call the token_info method. The method returns a json object with the following data:

• label– name of the key container of the electronic signature tool;
• manufacturerID– identifier of the manufacturer of the electronic signature tool;
• model– model of the electronic signature tool;
• serialNumber– serial number of the electronic signature tool.

For keys working through the capi module, the returned data has a different form. The model attribute always takes the value “capi”, the serialNumber attribute is absent, manufacturerID corresponds to the name of the crypto provider, and label is the name of the container.

Signing operation using the selected certificate

Simple signing mode

To sign a string using the selected certificate, you must call the cms_sign_on_it function, which accepts the following input parameters:

• signature line;
• signature type - whether the signature is attached (must be true) or detached (false).

As a response, the function returns a string with a signature in CAdES-BES / PKCS#7 attached/detached format.
An example of a function call that should be called on a certificate object: cms_sign_on_it("1234", 3, true).then(function(cms)(console.log(cms)));

Advanced signing mode

Advanced mode allows you to:

• sign large amounts of data, such as files;
• sign multiple files without asking for a PIN code again.

To sign data using the selected certificate, you must first initialize the signer object using the start_signing function on the certificate object. Function parameters:

• signature type - whether the signature is attached (must be true) or detached (false);
• number of attempts to enter a PIN code (for example, a value of “1” means that the user has only one attempt, after which the function returns an error).

The following methods will be available on the signer object:

• add_data_in_hex(hexDataString) - accepts data as input as a hex string;
• add_data_in_base64(base64DataString) - accepts data as input as a base64 string;
• add_data_in_string(stringData) - accepts input data in the form of a utf-8 string;
• free() - returns true/false, which allows you to check that the certificate is ready to be signed. Required to be used for the case when several iterations of the signature are carried out on different certificates. In other words, if sequential signing is carried out on several certificates, then before signing you need to call this method and make sure that it returns true ;
• finish() - finalizes the signature and returns it in CAdES-BES / PKCS#7 format.

As a response, the function returns a string with a signature in CAdES-BES / PKCS#7 attached/detached format.

Signing the line

An example of a command to sign a string:

Signer.add_data_in_string("1234").then(function(res)( return signer.finish();)).then(function(cms)(console.log(cms)));

In this command, “1234” is the line that needs to be signed.

Installing multiple signatures

After the signature is finalized, the signer object returns to its original state. It can be reused within a session to sign other data, for example a new file. In this case, the PIN code will not be requested again.

To sign on a different certificate, you must clear the signer object. In most browsers, this object is cleared automatically when it leaves the scope. However, in Internet Explorer there may be situations where the signer does not clear, resulting in an error. To avoid the error, it is recommended to explicitly clear signer.free() . This operation can be performed in all browsers to unify the code. An example of a signature on a certificate with the signer object cleared:

Function sign(cert, info) ( function successCms(signature) ( alert(signature); ) cert.start_signing(false, 3) .then(function(signer) ( signer.add_data_in_base64("MTIzNDU2") .then(function() ( var data = signer.finish(); var free = signer.free(); return data; ), e).then(successCms, e); ), e); )

Signing a large file

Function readFileByChunk(file, cbToRead, cbToFinish) ( var fileSize = file.size; var chunkSize = 1024*1024; // bytes var offset = 0; var chunkReaderBlock = null; var self = this; var readEventHandler = function(evt) ( if (evt.target.error == null) ( cbToRead(evt.target.result, offset, fileSize); offset += evt.target.result.byteLength; ) else ( console.error("Read error: " + evt .target.error); showError("Error reading file: " + evt.target.error); return; ) if (offset >= fileSize) ( cbToFinish() return; ) // to the next chunk chunkReaderBlock(offset, chunkSize , file); ) chunkReaderBlock = function(_offset, _chunkSize, _file) ( var r = new FileReader(); if (_file.slice) ( var blob = _file.slice(_offset, _chunkSize + _offset); ) else if (_file .webkitSlice) ( var blob = _file.webkitSlice(_offset, _chunkSize + _offset); ) else if (_file.mozSlice) ( var blob = _file.mozSlice(_offset, _chunkSize + _offset); ) r.onload = readEventHandler; r. readAsArrayBuffer(blob); ) // start reading the first block chunkReaderBlock(offset, chunkSize, file); )

It should be noted that since signing is performed locally, in order to subsequently transfer the user-selected file and signature to the server, it is necessary to implement the appropriate logic on the side of the web page.

The rules for installing the CryptoPro CSP plugin in Mozilla Firefox differ depending on the browser version - 52 and higher, or an older one.

Mozilla Firefox versions below 52

To sign documents in Mozilla Firefox:

• Turn off automatic updates. To do this, go to “Menu” ⇒ “Settings” ⇒ “Additional” ⇒ “Updates” (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1. Location of update settings in Mozilla Firefox

• Install version 51.0.1 from the official Mozilla Firefox website.

To install CryptoPro Browser plug-in, you must follow these steps:

1. Download the installation program from the official website of the Crypto-Pro company www.cryptopro.ru/products/cades/plugin and run the executable file.

2. In the installation window for CryptoPro Browser plug-in, click the “Yes” button (Fig. 2-a).

Rice. 2-a. Installing CryptoPro Browser plug-in

3. Wait for the installation to complete (Fig. 2-b).

Rice. 2-b. Installing CryptoPro Browser plug-in

4. Click the “Ok” button and restart the Internet browser (Fig. 2-c).

Rice. 2-in. Installing CryptoPro Browser plug-in

Important

After installing CryptoProBrowser plug- inyou need to check whether the add-on for working with the electronic signature CryptoPro EDS Browser plug-in for browsers is installed in your browser.

5. Open the browser, click the “Browser Menu” button, select the “Add-ons” section (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Browser menu

6. Open the "Plugins" tab. Opposite the “CryptoPro CAdES NPAPI Browser Plug-in” plug-in, select the “Always enable” option in the drop-down menu (Fig. 4).

Rice. 4. Add-on management

7. Restart your browser.

Mozilla Firefox version 52 and higher

To install CryptoPro Browser plug-in, follow these steps:

1. Follow the link www.cryptopro.ru/products/cades/plugin, then select “browser extension” (Fig. 5).

Rice. 5. CryptoPro website

2. Click “Allow” (Fig. 6).

Rice. 6. Request resolution

3. Click “Add” (Fig. 7).

In programming, data initialization is an important task because in this step we define the prerequisites for the application - attributes, required files and data, database connection, etc.

WordPress has a fixed initialization procedure. When implementing the page lifecycle, the WordPress platform triggers a lot of actions, many of which we covered earlier. The system has a set of initialization hooks that are used to initialize the application before executing its basic functionality.

In order to create quality applications, it is very important for developers and theme designers to understand exactly how hooks are used, as well as what are the most common mistakes when using initialization hooks.

In this article, we will cover the importance of initialization hooks in WordPress and also show you how to use them in various situations.

Introduction to Initialization Hooks

WordPress offers a wide range of hooks that can be used in plugin and theme development.

In the case of a typical page request, all action hooks are executed in a specific order. In general, all hooks are executed after the base WordPress application has finished loading.

Thus, initialization hooks are mainly used to, as you might guess, initialize the process of their work in plugins and themes. Let's take a look at the available init hooks in WordPress in order of execution:

• Init fires after WordPress has finished loading but before any headers are passed. In general, this hook is used by plugins to initialize their work process.
• widgets_init is used to register application widgets in the sidebar. The register_widget function is executed within this hook.
• admin_init is executed as the first action after a user has accessed the WordPress admin panel. In general, it is used to initialize settings specific to the admin area.

Apart from these three hooks, WordPress also has another hook called admin_bar_init, which is executed after the admin bar has been initialized. The WordPress Codex does not contain a description of this hook, but it is used by only a small number of plugins.

You can learn the full process of performing action hooks in WordPress in the codex.

WordPress executes each hook in a specific order (which is described in the code). It's also important to consider the order in which the events appear in each action hook. Let's look at the following situations to understand the difference.

Defining admin_init inside the init hook

If we need to, we can define WordPress hooks within other hooks. In a typical request, the init hook is executed before the admin_init hook. Let's try to display something on the screen by placing admin_init inside the init hook:

Add_action("init", "test_init"); function test_init())( add_action("admin_init", "test_admin_init"); ) function test_admin_init() ( echo "Admin Init Inside Init"; )

After executing this code, we will get the desired output through the echo statement.

Defining init inside the admin_init hook

Let's look at the code and output of the script when an earlier hook is defined in a hook that comes later in the execution order.

Add_action("admin_init", "test_admin_init"); function test_admin_init() ( add_action("init", "test_init"); ) function test_init() ( echo "Init Inside Admin Init"; )

In this case, we won't get any output - as expected - because the init hook is executed before the admin_init hook, which is not allowed after the admin_init hook is defined.

As you can see, it is very important to understand the procedure for executing hooks to create successful plugins. The order in which events appear is important for all WordPress hooks.

Let's explore the init and admin_init hooks

Among all the initialization hooks, it is very important to pay attention to init and admin_init, since these two hooks are used very often in many plugins. Using all other initialization hooks is much simpler compared to these two hooks.

We'll also look at the functionality of the init and admin_init hooks.

The init hook is executed on every request for both the frontend and backend of a WordPress site.

The admin_init hook is executed after the admin section has completed its boot process. So this hook is executed for all requests to any admin page. Users must be registered in order to take advantage of this hook.

Since both of these hooks are executed on every request, we must consider the functionality based on the implementation of these hooks accordingly, as this can have a noticeable impact on site performance.

How to use init hooks

Initialization hooks are often used by most existing WordPress plugins, and they are very important for managing the process of their execution.

WordPress doesn't tell us exactly what we should and shouldn't include; Therefore, developers can make minor mistakes, which, in turn, can lead to a noticeable decrease in performance. In this section, we will show you how to effectively use the init and admin_init hooks.

Let's take a look at the best practices for using initialization hooks:

init hook

• Registering Custom Post Types – WordPress developers recommend using the init hook to register new custom post types.
• Initializing Plugin Configuration and Settings – Plugin configuration and configuration options need to be defined for each request, which means it is good practice to place them inside this hook.
• Accessing submitted user data (using $_GET and $_POST) – We can intercept the submitted user data without using any action, however in this case it is recommended to use init hook as it guarantees execution for every request.
• Adding new rewrite rules - we can define new rewrite rules using the init hook, however they will only work after a reset.
• Adding or removing custom actions – plugins contain many custom actions to expand functionality. Situations may arise when we need to add new actions or remove old ones. In such cases, it is important to apply these actions in the init hook.
• Loading Plugin Text Domain – WordPress supports numerous languages ​​and thus we can upload a file containing translated strings. This should also be done in the init hook.

admin_init hook

• Access Control – It is important to check the access rights of logged-in users before allowing user access to a specific set of features and functionality. admin_init is the first action that will be executed in the admin area, so we can use it to control access.
• Adding New Options – We can use this hook to add new settings pages or options to an existing WordPress options area.

There are many other possible uses for these hooks, but these features also have their own hooks, so initialization hooks are not required.

Common pitfalls when using initialization hooks

We often encounter situations where developers misunderstand the use of initialization hooks. Using these hooks incorrectly can cause serious performance issues.

Let's identify common errors, as well as ways to work around them:

• Updating rewrite rules is a very resource-intensive operation in which all rewrite rules are updated and reordered to add new ones or remove old ones that are not needed. Many developers update rewrite rules inside init actions. This results in unnecessary performance overhead on every query. We need to define a way to manually update rewrite rules using buttons or update rules for rare actions, such as saving plugin settings.

• Database access – To implement various functionality, you must have access to the database, but it is also important to prevent unnecessary database calls inside initialization hooks, since these are executed on every request. For this purpose, the ideal solution would be to bind database hooks to hooks with specific functionality, avoiding massive performance overhead.

• Implement update procedures – plugins should include update procedures to keep their capabilities up to date in new versions. Typically, developers use initialization hooks to check the plugin version and existing parameters before performing the update process. We may allow users to update the plugin on a separate screen instead of automatically running checks on every request.

• Using initialization hooks instead of hooks for specific functionality is the most common mistake that many developers make. WordPress has a wide range of hooks that provide unique functionality. It's important to use function hooks to avoid conflicts and make your code extensible. Hooks such as init and admin_init can be used instead of specific hooks, so many developers tend to use them without realizing the destructive effect they have.

Examples of common scenarios where developers use the init and admin_init hooks instead of the recommended hooks:

• admin_menu – We can add menu pages using the add_menu_page function. To create pages in the admin menu, it is recommended to use the admin_menu hook. However, many developers use the admin_init hook because it runs after the admin_menu hook.
• wp_enqueue_scripts - The recommended way to add styles and scripts is to use the wp_enqueue_scripts hook. However, many developers use wp_enqueue_script inside the init hook to load scripts and styles.

There are many similar situations where developers use a generic init hook instead of a specific hook for a specific functionality, and this approach should be avoided if possible.

Conclusion

WordPress init hooks play a vital role in plugin and theme development. Many developers use hooks incorrectly, creating unnecessary performance overhead. In this article, we discussed the correct use of these hooks, as well as common pitfalls and workarounds.

Now we can apply the same techniques to hooks used in plugins. Many plugin developers use their own action hooks to make plugins extensible. For such plugins, we can define plugin-specific initialization hooks to allow developers to "hang" initialization tasks on predefined hooks.