Svg set color. SVG attributes and CSS properties
This page shows how to use CSS with a special language for creating graphics: SVG.
You'll make a small example that can be run in any browser that supports SVG.
General information: SVG
SVG(Scalable Vector Graphics) is a subset of XML language and is designed for creating graphics.
SVG can be used for static images, as well as for animations and creating user interfaces.
Like other XML-based languages, SVG supports the use of tables CSS styles, which allows you to separate various options visual display of the data structure.
Additionally, style sheets that you use in other document markup languages may contain a reference to SVG graphics in places where an image is needed. For example, in the style sheet for your HTML document, you can specify a link (URL) to an SVG graphic in the background property.
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At the time of writing (mid-2011), the majority modern browsers has basic SVG support, including Internet Explorer 9 and above. Some additional features SVGs are not supported, or only partially supported, in certain browsers. For more information on current SVG support, see SVG tables on caniuse.com, or see the SVG element reference compatibility tables for information on individual element support. In other versions, you can add SVG support by installing an additional plugin, for example, provided by Adobe. More detailed information about SVG in Mozilla, see the SVG page on this wiki. |
Get to Work: SVG Demo
Create new document SVG as usual text file,doc8.svg. Copy and paste the contents of the block below, making sure to scroll all the way through to copy everything:
Create new file CSS, style8.css. Copy and paste the contents of the block below, making sure to scroll all the way through to copy everything:
/*** SVG demonstration ***/ /* page */ svg ( background-color: beige; ) #heading ( font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; ) #caption ( font-size: 12px; ) /* flower */ #flower:hover ( cursor: crosshair; ) /* gradient */ #fade-stop-1 ( stop-color: blue; ) #fade-stop-2 ( stop-color: white; ) /* outer petals */ #outer-petals ( opacity: .75; ) #outer-petals .segment-fill ( fill: azure; stroke: lightsteelblue; stroke-width: 1; ) #outer-petals .segment-edge ( fill: none; stroke: deepskyblue; stroke-width: 3; ) #outer-petals .segment:hover > .segment-fill ( fill: plum; stroke: none; ) #outer-petals .segment:hover > .segment-edge ( stroke: slateblue; ) /* inner petals */ #inner-petals .segment-fill ( fill: yellow; stroke: yellowgreen; stroke-width: 1; ) #inner-petals .segment-edge ( fill: none; stroke: yellowgreen; stroke-width: 9; ) #inner-petals .segment:hover > .segment-fill ( fill: darkseagreen; stroke: none; ) #inner-petals .segment:hover > .segment-edge ( stroke: green; )
Open the document in your SVG-enabled browser. Move your mouse pointer over the image.
This wiki does not support inserting SVG into pages, so we are not able to demonstrate it here. The image will look like this:
What's next?
In this demo, your SVG-enabled browser already knows how to render SVG elements. The style sheet just changes the display in some way. The same thing happens with HTML documents and XUL. However, CSS can be used for any XML documents, which do not have a default way to display elements. This example demonstrated on the following page:
Preparing SVG for use on the web is a very simple process, no more complicated than exporting JPEG or PNG. Use whatever graphics editor you're familiar with (Illustrator, Sketch, Inkscape [free], etc. [or even Photoshop if you're using shape layers]) at the image size you plan to use. I usually work in Illustrator, so I'll explain some of the ways to prepare files in that program, but they generally apply to any program. You might want to convert your text to curves, as the font will most likely render incorrectly, unless you plan to style them with the web font used on the page (which is possible!). It's also not a good idea to convert all objects into single shapes, especially if you have strokes that will need to be manipulated on the page, especially since converting objects often does not reduce file size. Any names assigned to groups or layers will be added to the SVG as an element ID. This is quite convenient for styling, but will slightly increase the overall file size.
Before you export, you need to check that all images are in an integer pixel grid (that is, for example not 23.3px × 86.8px). Otherwise, most likely the image will not have enough clarity and part of the image will be cut off. In Illustrator this can be done as follows: Object > Artboards > Fit to Artwork Bounds. Then click save as and select SVG, and leave the default settings. There's a little optimization we can do here, but it's really not worth it since we'll be using various enhancement techniques later on, so we won't waste time on those tweaks for now.
Tricks for reducing file sizes.
(See optimization)
To achieve smallest size SVG, it would be logical to remove everything unnecessary from it. The most famous and useful program(By at least I think so) for processing SVG it is SVGO . She removes all required code. But! Be careful when using this program if you plan to manipulate SVG with CSS/JS, as it may clean up the code too much, making future changes difficult. Another convenience of SVGO is that it can be included in the process of automatically building a project, but you can also use GUI if you want.
Understanding in more detail with correct removal everything unnecessary, we can do something else in graphic editor. First you need to make sure that you use as few paths/shapes as possible, as well as points on those paths. You can combine and simplify everything that can be simplified, and remove all unnecessary points. Illustrator has the VectorScribe plugin with the Smart Remove tool Brush Tool, which will help you remove points while keeping the overall shape the same.
Preliminary optimization
Smart Remove Brush Tool removed points
Next we will enlarge the image. In Illustrator, it's convenient to turn on View > Pixel Preview with a pixel grid and check how the outlines are positioned. It will take a little time to place the outlines on the grid, but the effort will pay off and result in cleaner rendering (it's best to pay attention to this in advance).
Points off grid
Align to Grid
If there are two or more objects to align, then it is worth removing all unnecessary overlaps. Sometimes, even if the contours are carefully aligned, a thin white line may be visible. To prevent this, you can slightly overlap the objects where they overlap. Important: in SVG, the z-index has a certain order, which depends on the object below, so it is worth placing the top object at the bottom of the file in the code.
And finally, last but not least, something that is usually forgotten is to enable gzip compression of SVG on your site in the .htaccess file.
AddType image/svg+xml svg svgz
As an example of how effective this technique is, I'll take the original Breaking Borders logo and optimize it this way: increase the size to what it should be; I’ll put the contours in order; I will delete as many points as possible; move the points by integer pixels; I’ll move all the overlap areas and send it all to SVGO.
Original: 1.413b
After optimization: 409b
As a result, the file size became ~71% smaller (and ~83% smaller when compressed)
CSS is becoming more powerful every day, with many new features appearing with which to create user interfaces much easier. And that is great!
One such feature in CSS is filters. Let's try using filters to work with SVG images.
CSS filters
First, let's take a look at filters. They include the following features:
- blur()
- brightness()
- contrast()
- drop-shadow()
- grayscale()
- hue-rotate()
- invert()
- opacity()
- saturate()
- sepia()
CSS filters are the easiest way to implement basic transformations in a browser-efficient manner.
If you want to see how each filter works, we recommend visiting the website: cssfilters.co.
Editing SVG backgrounds
I love using SVG (scalable vector graphics) format on the web. SVG is a great image format for the web. When you add an SVG to a page, you have access to every element and property within it. This allows you to add animation, change colors, and dynamically add information. SVG is also great for icons.
SVG is often used as background images. IN in this case You lose control over the elements of the image. You now cannot change colors or properties, since the SVG becomes a regular image. Nose using CSS filters you can solve this problem.
Brightness adjustment
The first thing I encountered when working with icons was the need to darken a white icon on a light background. To avoid creating a new dark icon, I used filter: brightness().
A brightness value greater than 1 makes the element brighter, less than 1 makes the element darker.
Icons with color #000 or rbg(0, 0, 0) will not be clarified. They must be any other color.
Color adjustment
We looked at how to change the brightness of the icon. But what if we want to change the color of the icon? In this case, a filter will help us sepia, hue-rotate, brightness And saturation to create any color we want.
From white you can create, for example, blue, cyan and pink.
Colorize-pink ( filter: brightness(0.5) sepia(1) hue-rotate(-70deg) saturate(5); .colorize-navy ( filter: brightness(0.2) sepia(1) hue-rotate(180deg) saturate( 5); ) .colorize-blue ( filter: brightness(0.5) sepia(1) hue-rotate(140deg) saturate(6); )
Compatibility
At the time of writing, filters are supported by the following browsers:
Instead of a conclusion
Never forget about your users. So far, filters do not work everywhere. Therefore, do not use white filter icons on a white background, as some users simply will not see anything. Also, don’t forget about alternative text for images.
Original article: link Author of the article: Alex. Category:
Date of publication: 04/01/2018
SVG is new standard For vector images in the browser. Vector editors, such as Adobe Illustrator, allow you to directly save the file to this format, and modern browsers have no problem displaying SVG correctly. Because SVG graphics consists of markup, it can be created and modified in your favorite text editor, which you are using for HTML. It's even possible to style SVG using CSS, but there are a few subtleties here.
The dividing line between HTML and CSS is pretty straight. HTML is responsible for the content and structure, and CSS takes care of the appearance of the projects. In SVG this line is blurred. This main reason why text and shapes in SVG are typically controlled using element attributes rather than CSS:
In this example we have drawn a rectangle which is filled in using fill . The color and strength of the outer rectangle frame is determined by the attributes stroke and stroke-width.. But, the rectangle can be styled in the same way using CSS:
However, this does not work for all attributes. You won't be able to define positions and values for width and height this way. We'll just stick with the y , width and height attributes.
Just like in HTML, we could work with classes and IDs on any element. So we would ask appearance multiple elements in SVG using a styled class.
Using Pseudo-Classes
Using pseudo-classes such as:hover is possible in SVG, even in combination with the CSS3 transition property.
By implementing this example, hover elements carrying the example class will cause the color to change from red to blue. For this to work properly, make sure the SVG is not inserted as an Img. Better choose Embed or Iframe:
Using Img will help display the SVG properly. But, hover effects and transitions will be ignored. In addition to transition, we could use transform, thereby allowing elements to be scaled or rotated.
When using CSS3, don't forget to add vendor prefixes to maintain maximum quantity modern browsers. While Chrome and Firefox have no problem rendering flawlessly, Internet Explorer will refuse to show your creations even in the most latest version, while he is quite capable of showing these CSS properties 3 when used in HTML.
Media queries and SVG
If you want to customize your SVG so that it can change sizes, then just use media queries directly in it:
This example ensures that elements of class example will not be shown as soon as the visible width drops below 800 pixels. Be aware that it is not the width of the document that determines this, but the width of the element carrying your SVG.
In this example, elements of the example class will not be shown, since the specified width is only 500 pixels. Media queries in SVG are also useful for optimizing graphics for printing.