Russian operating system for computer. Russian operating systems
To install the ROSA Linux operating system, you need to prepare your computer, select and download an image, write it to a USB drive (flash drive) or DVD disc and finally install the system. All this is not so difficult and, if your computer turns out to be well compatible with ROSA Linux, even a novice user can cope with the installation.
Preparing your computer
The easiest way is to install ROSA Linux on an empty disk or with all information on the disk deleted. But this option is not very convenient - most likely you have important documents or photographs, or maybe you want to keep Windows or another system next to ROSA Linux in order to be able to work both there.
If you already have another system installed and want to keep it, you may need to clear some free space for our Linux. We recommend using the tools that are already built into your installed system to change partitions on the disk so that there remains free, unallocated space of at least 20 GiB. The ROSA Linux installer can do this itself, but usually any system processes its partitions most correctly. Also, if you are using the latest versions of Windows, it is recommended to disable the “quick start” technology in them using the command
Powercfg -h off
Note
It is recommended to install on a computer connected to the Internet via a cable. This will allow the installer to automatically determine the answers to most questions and make possible installation drivers for wifi (if they are not detected immediately)
Choosing a desktop image and environment
Current images of ROSA
- ROSA Desktop Fresh R9 is the first release of the 2016.1 platform, which will be supported for 4 years, in accordance with the release policy, until the development of the new 2018.1 platform is completed. R9 features new software versions and is recommended primarily for enthusiasts.
- ROSA Desktop Fresh R8.1 - For users who prefer stability.
Desktop environments
Unlike Windows, in ROSA Linux you can select various desktop shells to your liking and download an image with them.
Available desktop environments:
- ROSA R8 distribution
- ROSA R9 distribution
Two architectures are also available - i586 and x64, respectively - 32-bit and 64-bit. 64-bit uses significantly more RAM but it works a little faster, 32-bit programs such as skype or steam work fine on a 64-bit system. You should also take into account that some programs, for example viber or WarThunder are only available in 64-bit versions, which means they require 64 bit system. Modern computers also use UEFI technology.
In short, if you have a modern computer with more than 2 GB of memory, then choose the image x64UEFI, if there is 1 or 2 GB of memory - 32-bit architecture i586.
Note
You can evaluate how the ROSA Linux image you have chosen will work on your computer without installation; to do this, you need to boot into Live-mode by selecting from the boot menu Start ROSA Desktop
Burning an image to a USB drive and booting from it
Most often, ROSA Linux is installed on a computer using a USB drive. To install, you will need a flash drive with a capacity of 4GiB or more and the ROSA ImageWriter program. Select your flash drive and your chosen image in this program and click "Burn"
Now you need to reboot from the flash drive. This usually involves selecting a reboot order in your computer's BIOS. How to do this depends on the specific computer model and is described in its documentation; this is often done by pressing the F12 or F2 keys at the very beginning of boot.
Free space installation
If you cleared space for ROSA Linux before installation, select installation on the free space in the installer.
Installation problems
Most installation issues can be resolved using Errata
Other installation methods
Installation in VirtualBox
Recording an image in the console
To record an image in console text mode (this is only possible on Linux operating systems):
- Install the "dd_rescue" package.
- Insert the flash drive into the USB connector.
- Give the command from Root (we assume that your flash drive is visible to the system as /dev/sdb, this can be checked with the command blkid)
Warning
Carefully! If you incorrectly specify the drive to write to in the commands ddrescue or dd, then its contents will be destroyed!
You can also write the image using the command dd with parameter bs=8M For example:
dd if=ROSA.iso of=/dev/sdb bs=8M;syncInstallation from DVD
Some old computers cannot boot from USB drives; you have to install ROSA Fresh from DVDs. Burn the image to DVD and boot from it, the installation is completely similar to the installation from USB flash drive. Use good discs and not too high a writing speed, otherwise the installation process may fail.
We continue to try to switch to Russian computers and software. In the first part we searched and failed. This time the task is much simpler - to find and test a domestic operating system.
In search of a domestic OS
The Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications maintains the Unified Register of Russian programs for electronic computers and databases. In the Operating Systems category, it offers 47 titles. Most of them are designed for government agencies and solving corporate problems, but there are several options for home use.Exclusive rights to programs presented in the Unified Register belong to citizens of the Russian Federation or companies controlled by citizens of the Russian Federation, and payments to foreign companies, if any, do not exceed 30% of revenue. But it would be a stretch to call most of them Russian - the operating systems, with few exceptions, are based on Linux.The Linux kernel can be used without restrictions thanks to a free license, but in fact this will not be development, but modification. The main components of the systems are also not developed on site Russian Federation by domestic specialists, but are only borrowed and adapted for the next assembly.
There are several systems developed in Russia from scratch, but they are not widely used. One of the most famous projects is ReactOS. It is a free and open source operating system. source code, which, according to the developers, should be fully compatible with Windows applications and drivers. 20 years after the start of development, ReactOS is in the alpha testing stage and is not installed on computers without dancing with a tambourine.
Another well-known domestic OS, developed without using any third party code, called "Phantom". Its main feature is persistence. This is a kind of hibernation mode, which is characterized by the fact that even if the work is completed, the data is not lost. The next time you start the machine, the system continues to work from the place where it was at the time of shutdown.
The main problem of Phantom is the lack of application software. The OS is being developed by Digital Zone, which does not have the funds to create programs. It turns out to be a vicious circle: while there are no programs, there is no distribution of the system; Without distributing the system, no one wants to write programs for it. It was also not possible to download the distribution. On the official website, the level of readiness is designated as proof of concept - “workable code, but stability and completeness are insufficient for industrial use.”
As a result, after a long search, we tried only two systems: ROSA Fresh and Astra Linux Common Edition. The rest are either not available for download or belong to the corporate segment. Theoretically, you can also download Calculate Linux Desktop for your home computer, but in terms of the composition of pre-installed applications, this assembly is more suitable for solving office tasks. We want not only to work, but also to have fun.
Rosa Fresh
Rosa Fresh is a system for home use from the ROSA Linux family, developed by STC IT ROSA LLC. The products are based on developments from CentOS, Mandriva and Red Hat Enterprise Linux with the addition of components from Russian developers. Specifically, Rosa Fresh is a continuation of the Mandriva project.Download and installation
You can download the distribution for installation on your home PC on the developer’s official website. It weighs about 2 GB and is distributed as an ISO file. For writing to a flash drive there is a “native” Rosa Image Writer utility.
The program is available on Windows, Linux and macOS. Creation process bootable flash drive it is as simple as possible.
- Download the Rosa Fresh distribution and recording software.
- Connect the USB flash drive to the computer.
- Launch Rosa Image Writer.
- Specify the path to the distribution.
- Select a flash drive.
- Click "Burn".
Installation to disk is standard for Linux builds. You can partition disk space automatically or create partitions manually. The initial setup of the system will also not raise any questions: you only need to select the language, keyboard layout and time zone.
Impressions of use
The first impression is another Linux build. Offers several versions with different desktop environments: Plasma, KDE, Gnome, Mate. The basic package of ROSA Fresh has everything you need for a typical home computer:
- LibreOffice application package for working with documents.
- Firefox and Chromium browsers.
- A few simple games and Steam.
- Video player ROSA Media Player.
- GIMP for working with images.
- Clementine for playing music and listening to the radio.
There are several of our own developments. For example, Freeze is a technology for quickly returning to working condition. If you understand that the system may break during the current session, then enable “freeze mode”, in which interceptor directories will be mounted on top of the top-level system directories. They will save all the changes you make to frozen directories. When the system is rebooted, the contents of the interceptors are deleted, but the system remains the same in working condition. At the same time, the “freeze mode” does not stop working until you turn it off.
SimpleWelcome is a kind of analogue of the Start menu, consisting of three sections: “Welcome”, “Applications” and TimeFrame. Last section- also a domestic development that allows you to monitor work with files in the system.
Rosa Media Player is a Russian video player that, in addition to the usual playback, offers built-in tools for cutting videos and saving audio tracks, as well as YouTube search and IPTV support.
The domestic components don’t end there, but it’s still difficult to call the system itself Russian: essentially, it’s a build of Linux, for which an interface was made in Russia and several applications were added.
If you want to try the system, choose to install ROSA Fresh R8.1 KDE - this is a stable version of the OS. For enthusiasts (or rather, for extreme sports fans) there are versions R9 and R10. For now, they only guarantee stable crashes and freezes.On VKontakte there is group, in which developers and users of the ROSA Linux OS apply. Quite a cheerful community where you can quickly get help. This is very good for popularizing the system.
Astra Linux Common Edition
Linux-class system, including free components software and original developments by RusBITech specialists. In fact, it is a certified Debian with a domestic window manager.Astra Linux has another version - Special Edition. It is a special-purpose operating system with components that provide data protection. Astra Linux Special Edition is certified by FSTEC, FSB, and the Russian Ministry of Defense and is intended for information processing limited access to the level of secrecy "Top Secret". Free distribution of the special version is prohibited. On home computer You can only install Common Edition.
Download and installation
You can download the distribution on the official Astra Linux website. Common Edition weighs more than 4 GB, but loads quite quickly. You can use a USB flash drive for installation. Unfortunately, the installer does not have the option to start without installing the system, so you won’t be able to try it - you have to install it.
The installation process itself is typical for Linux. Among the features is a view of the city of Orel, after which the custom assembly of the system is named. The installation process takes about 20 minutes. On the official website there is a link to the manual with detailed description all installation parameters.
Impressions of use
The workspace looks decent. Almost all Windows hotkey combinations work in the same way on Astra Linux, so you don't have to get used to different controls. This simplifies the possible migration to a domestic system from American OSes if they fall out of favor. There were no problems with the drivers: the connection to the Internet was established immediately, the camera worked, and the sound too.
The system comes pre-installed with applications that the average user may need for work and entertainment. To perform office tasks, the LibreOffice package is used. There is a PDF viewer, a simple text editor called Kate, and a Goldendict dictionary.
Installed to work via the Internet standard set applications: two browsers (Chromium and Mozilla Firefox), postal Thunderbird client, qBittorrent. There is even a Psi+ messenger.
Applications for working with graphics and multimedia are also fine. There are several players, tools for working with audio and recording discs, vector and graphic editors, a good built-in screenshot.
There is a section with mobile applications, including another browser, gallery, contact list, mail, SMS, dialer. The developers didn’t even forget about the games: in addition to Solitaire and Minesweeper, there is the strategy Warzone 2100 and the shooter Xonotic with a multiplayer mode.
Among the author's developments is a file manager that is very reminiscent of Windows Explorer. Simple, convenient, with standard copy, paste, move functions.
Overall the system makes a good impression. The developers abandoned the monstrous red star design that was used three years ago and made the interface a little more modern. Pre-installed applications It is quite enough for office tasks and a minimum level of entertainment.
Conclusions
So far, import substitution in the software sector is based on the use of borrowed source codes, for which domestic components are added. There is a clear bias in favor of the military-industrial complex, corporate and government segments.Systems for ordinary users if they are created, they are, rather, stripped-down versions of special builds for military needs, such as Astra Linux Common Edition. Domestic developers do not hide the fact that it is impossible to compete with Windows and macOS. According to Dmitry Zavalishin, general director group of IT companies DZ Systems (it includes Studio Digital Zone, which is trying to launch the Phantom OS), all Russian projects are focused on certain niche applications that are ready to provide funding. Therefore, already at the creation stage, developers look towards the industrial application of the system.
There is no time to think about the civilian needs of ordinary users and it is ineffective - the costs will not pay off in any case. However, unlike domestic PCs, Russian operating systems offer users at least a minimal choice. Therefore, if suddenly tomorrow software from American companies is banned, we will definitely not be left without operating systems - although it will not be very convenient to use them.
ROSA Desktop Fresh is a Russian operating system based on Linux, developed by Rosa. A freely distributed operating system aimed at experienced Linux users who value cutting-edge innovations, extensive customization capabilities, and a wide range of applications, including a large selection of games.
The Rosa company also has other operating systems:
- Rosa Chrome(Recommended for working with state secrets)
- Rosa Nickel(Certified by the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. Recommended for working with state secrets)
- Rosa 2011(FSTEC certified operating system for working with personal data, proprietary and confidential information.)
- Rosa Cobalt(Operating system for use by commercial entities, industrial enterprises and government agencies working with confidential information, including personal data.)
- Rosa Enterprise Desktop X1(an operating system recommended for use in a corporate environment and intended for equipping workstations and servers without special information security requirements.)
You can download ROSA Desktop Fresh R4 from the official website of the ROSA company at rosalab.ru/products/desktop_fresh/download.
1. Set the BIOS priority for booting from a flash drive.
Insert a flash drive or disk with the Rosa Desktop Fresh R4 operating system. We set the boot priority from the flash drive so that the information from the flash drive is read first. I made a video tutorial about this, you can watch it or move on. This setting is suitable for both Windows and Linux.
2. Install Rosa Desktop Fresh R4.
When loading Rosa Desktop Fresh R4 there will be a menu from which you can select:
Boot from local drive
Start ROSA Desktop Fresh R4 (Launch ROSA Desktop Fresh R4)
Install ROSA Desktop Fresh R4 (Install ROSA Desktop Fresh R4)
Install ROSA Desktop Fresh R4 in basic graphic mode
Troubleshooting
We need to choose Install ROSA Desktop Fresh R4 (Install ROSA Desktop Fresh R4) And press Enter.
Now we select the installation language and interface language of Rosa Desktop Fresh R4. Scroll down and look for the Russian language.
Select Russian language and click Next.
Read and accept the terms of the license agreement.
Select Accept and click OK.
Select your keyboard layout. Select Russian and click Next.
Now you can select a key or key combination to switch between different keyboard layouts (for example: English or Russian).
On Windows, you usually need to switch languages Ctrl+Shift or Ctrl+Alt. Choose the combination you are used to. I chose CapsLock.
Setting date, time and time zone. What's the best time?
Now we select the installation type of the Rosa Desktop Fresh R4 operating system.
Use free space in the Microsoft Windows partition.
Clean and use the entire disk
Manual disk partitioning
Select Use free space in Microsoft Windows partition.
You can set how much space to allocate for the ROSA operating system, and how much to leave for Windows. Since ROSA (like all Linux) requires another file system(not compatible with Windows).
WARNING! DrakX will now resize your Windows partition.
The Microsoft Windows partition is resized.
To ensure data integrity after resizing partitions, Microsoft Windows will run a file system check the next time you boot.
Click OK.
Click OK.
Choose to use existing partitions and click Next.
Select mount points.
An error has occurred. Not enough free space(3.4 GB available, 3.7 GB needed)
I don't have enough space to install ROSA next to Windows.
Click OK.
Then I'll select Clean up and use entire disk and click Next.
On the sda disk (25, ATA VBOX HARDDISK) ALL existing partitions and data will be destroyed.
ATTENTION! If you have the same situation, then before cleaning the disk, do not forget to first copy all your important files to another disk.
The sda1 partition is formatted.
Collecting information about the system...
Preparing for installation.
Bootloader (Boot Device), Basic Options (Pause before loading default image).
Please wait, Grub2 is being installed...
Setting the administrator password (root). We come up with a password and confirm it, then click Next.
Adding a user. We come up with a username, login, password and confirm the password, then click Next.
Enter your computer name. Here we come up with a computer name and click Next.
Please select services to start at boot:
CUPS (Print Server)
Samba (Folder and Printer Sharing)
Sshd (OpenSSH Server)
If you print anything, leave CUPS if you need access to shared folders and printers, then leave Samba.
I don’t need this when starting the system and I uncheck all the boxes and click Next.
Restart your computer, remove the live media, and boot from your hard drive.
Take out the flash drive or disk with the Rosa Desktop Fresh R4 operating system and click Finish.
Rosa Desktop Fresh R4 now loads when you boot your computer.
Linux 3.14.22-nrj-desktop-3rosa is loaded. The initial virtual disk is loaded.
The system has booted, now you need to select a user and enter the password for account, which you came up with during installation and click Login.
This is what the Rosa Desktop Fresh R4 looks like.
Options include Adobe Flash Player, PulseAudio Preferences, Samba, display settings, printer settings, password changes and other system and component settings.
In the Internet menu tab there is the Claws Mail mail program, the Firezilla file manager, the Firefox Internet browser, and the Pidgin instant messaging client.
If there are updates for the system, they will be displayed on the top right with a message and on the bottom right with an icon.
Rosa has clipboard editing.
By the way, the layout of the buttons in Rosa is different from Windows. In Rosa, the button is Yes on the right, Cancel in the middle, No on the left.
In an Internet browser Firefox starter page installed Rosa Desktop Fresh R4 article that can be read or closed.
LibreOffice Calc, LibreOffice Writer, qpdfview are also preinstalled in the Office menu.
Entering file manager you can open the operating system folders and go to the desktop, trash, applications, documents, music, images, videos, downloads.
You can delete the file by selecting send to trash.
By right clicking on empty space you can choose Show hidden files .
All hidden files and folders in Rosa Desktop Fresh R4 will be visible.
You can log out by clicking on the bottom left and selecting end session.
Then select Turn Off.
And here is a visual video lesson on how to install Rosa Desktop Fresh.
3DNews, September 27, 2017
In the online publication 3D News Daily Digital Digest (www.3dnews.ru) - the first independent Russian publication dedicated to digital technologies, a review of Russian operating systems has been published, which includes own development AstroSoft - RTOS MAX.
The import substitution policy announced by the state inspired new life into the market of domestically developed software platforms. Over the past few years, it has been replenished with many interesting products - both original and created from scratch, and built on the basis of Open Source solutions.
On the need for accelerated development of the domestic software market, ensuring maximum independence from foreign developments in the field high technology and the preservation of information sovereignty were first discussed at the highest level in 2014, when US and EU sanctions sharply increased the risks associated with the use of foreign software in business and government organizations. It was then that the Ministry of Communications and mass communications The Russian Federation is seriously concerned about resolving this strategically significant issue, in the opinion of officials, along with stimulating demand for national products and developing appropriate measures to support domestic developers. As a result - in as soon as possible at the legislative level, restrictions were approved on the admission of foreign software in state and municipal procurement, as well as rules for the formation and maintenance unified register Russian programs. All this has had a positive impact on the software market in Russia, which has recently been replenished with many interesting projects and developments. Including in the field of operating systems.
Content
RTOS "MAX"
Developer: "AstroSoft"
A real-time operating system (RTOS), written by AstroSoft programmers from scratch, without borrowing anyone else's code, and designed primarily for the Internet of Things and embedded devices. In addition, it is suitable for robotics, medical equipment, systems " smart home"and "smart city", consumer electronics, etc. For the first time, the real-time OS "MAX" (the abbreviation stands for "multi-agent coherent system") was demonstrated to a wide audience in January 2017. The platform not only implements all the classic functionality of products of this type, but also has a number of unique capabilities for organizing the interaction of many devices, making it possible to simplify the creation of mechanisms necessary in embedded systems: redundancy, hot-swappable equipment, etc. One of the features of MAX is support for shared memory at the device level. This mechanism provides automatic, failure-resistant individual components synchronization of information between nodes of a distributed system. RTOS "MAX" is included in the register of domestic software. In addition, the product is registered with the Federal Service for intellectual property(Rospatent) and is currently undergoing certification by the Federal Service for Technical and Export Control (FSTEC of Russia) for the fourth level of control of undeclared capabilities (NDV).
"Alt Linux SPT" is a unified distribution kit on Linux based for servers, workstations and thin clients with built-in information security software, which can be used to build automated systems up to class 1B inclusive and personal data information systems (PDIS) up to class 1K inclusive. The OS allows you to simultaneously store and process on one personal computer or server, confidential data, provide multi-user work with restricted access to information, work with virtual machines, and also use centralized authorization tools. The certificate issued by FSTEC of Russia confirms the product’s compliance with the requirements of the following governing documents: “Computer equipment. Protection against unauthorized access to information. Indicators of security against unauthorized access to information” - according to security class 4; “Protection against unauthorized access to information. Part 1. Information security software. Classification according to the level of absence of undeclared capabilities” - according to the 3rd level of control and technical conditions. Technical support for Alt Linux SPT users is provided by the Free Software and Technologies company through the development partner Basalt SPO.
The Viola platform is a set of enterprise-level Linux distributions that allow you to deploy corporate IT infrastructure of any scale. The platform includes three distributions. This is a universal "Viola" Workstation", which includes an operating system and a set of applications for full operation. Second - server distribution“Alt Server”, which can act as an Active Directory domain controller and contains the most complete set of services and environments for creating a corporate infrastructure (DBMS, mail and web server, authentication tools, work group, virtual machine management and monitoring and other tools). The third is “Alt Education 8”, focused on everyday use in planning, organizing and conducting educational process in institutions of general, secondary and higher education. In addition, the Basalt SPO product series includes the above-mentioned certified distribution"Alt Linux SPT" and the operating system for home users Simply Linux.
A Russian project to create an ecosystem of software products based on the Linux distribution, designed for complex automation of workplaces and IT infrastructure of organizations and enterprises, including in data centers, on servers and client workstations. The platform is presented in the “OS.Office” and “OS.Server” versions. They differ in the sets of application software included in the distribution kit. The office edition of the product contains the operating system itself, information security tools, a package of programs for working with documents, an email client and a browser. The server version includes an operating system, information security tools, monitoring and system management tools, an email server and a DBMS. Potential users of the platform include federal and regional authorities, local governments, companies with state participation and state corporations. It is expected that the OSi-based ecosystem will in the near future become a full-fledged alternative to Western analogues.
Astra Linux
Developer: NPO "Russian Basic Information Technologies" (RusBITech)
Development of the research and production association "RusBITech", presented in two versions: Astra Linux Common Edition ( general purpose) and Astra Linux Special Edition (special purpose). Features of the latest version of the OS: developed means of ensuring information security of processed data, a mechanism for mandatory access control and control of the closedness of the software environment, built-in tools for marking documents, recording events, monitoring data integrity, as well as other components that ensure information protection. According to the developers, Astra Linux Special Edition is the only software platform that is simultaneously certified in the information security certification systems of the FSTEC of Russia, the FSB, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and allows the processing of restricted access information containing components of state information in automated means of all ministries, departments and other institutions of the Russian Federation secret information classified no higher than “top secret”.
The ROSA Linux operating system family includes an impressive set of solutions designed for home use (ROSA Fresh version) and use in a corporate environment (ROSA Enterprise Desktop), deployment of infrastructure IT services of an organization (ROSA Enterprise Linux Server), processing of confidential information and personal data ( ROSA "Cobalt"), as well as information constituting a state secret (ROSA "Chrome" and "Nickel"). The listed products are based on the developments of Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Mandriva and CentOS with the inclusion of a large number additional components- including original ones created by programmers of the scientific and technical center information technology"DEW". In particular, OS distributions for the corporate segment of the market include virtualization tools, software for organizing backups, tools for building private clouds, as well as centralized management network resources and data storage systems.
Calculate Linux is available in Desktop, Directory Server, Scratch, and Scratch Server editions and is designed with home users and SMBs in mind who prefer to use open source software instead of proprietary solutions. Platform features: full operation in heterogeneous networks, a mechanism for roaming user profiles, tools for centralized software deployment, ease of administration, the ability to install on portable USB drives and support for binary repositories of Gentoo updates. It is important that the development team is available and open to any comments, suggestions and wishes of the user audience, as evidenced by huge amount ways to get involved in the Calculate Linux community and platform development.
"Ulyanovsk.BSD"
Developer: Sergey Volkov
A certified and secure operating system that allows you to process information in accordance with Federal Law No. 152 “On Personal Data” and implement systems for processing restricted access information that is not related to state secrets. ICLinux includes tools remote administration, has a built-in firewall, certified for compliance with the ME RD according to the 3rd security class, supports RDP, X-Windows System, SSH, Telnet, VNC, VPN, NX, ICA and other protocols. The platform’s assets also include compatibility with the authentication tools of the Aladdin R.D. company. and a modular architecture that allows you to flexibly customize the operating system to suit customer requirements.
"Alpha OS" (Alfa OS)
Developer: ALFA Vision company
Another Linux clone equipped with user interface a la macOS with a set of familiar office applications and filled with deep philosophical meaning. No joke, on the developer’s website in the “About the Company” section, it says: “An operating system is a special phenomenon, a point at which technological, aesthetic and humanitarian concepts converge. A peak that is visible from all sides. For it to shine and become what it should be, a wide variety of meaningful experiences are needed. And we have it." There is so much expression in these words, what a presentation of information! Agree, not everyone can present their product to a wide audience so expressively. IN present moment"Alpha OS" is presented as a desktop version for x86-compatible systems. In the future, ALFA Vision intends to roll out mobile and server editions of the OS to the market, as well as a distribution kit for devices based on ARM processors.
"Elbrus"
Developer: JSC "MCST"
A software platform developed specifically for computing systems with SPARC and Elbrus architecture. A special feature of the system is the radically redesigned Linux kernel, in which special process management mechanisms have been implemented, virtual memory, interrupts, signals, synchronization, support for tagged calculations. “We have done fundamental work to transform the Linux OS into an operating system that supports real-time operation, for which relevant optimizations have been implemented in the kernel. During real-time work, you can set various modes for processing external interrupts, scheduling calculations, exchanges with disk drives, and some others,” explains the MCST company. In addition, a set of tools for protecting information from unauthorized access is built into the core of the Elbrus software platform, which allows you to use the OS to build automated systems that meet the highest information security requirements. The system also includes archiving, task planning, software development and other tools.
"Red OS"
Developer: Red Soft company
An operating system based on the Linux kernel, designed to ensure the security of processed data. "Red OS" complies with domestic information security requirements, has pre-configured configurations for each hardware architecture, uses GOST 34.11-2012 algorithms in the ssh and NX protocols, and also supports access control lists. In addition, the OS supports network authentication using plug-in authentication modules (PAM, Pluggable Authentication Modules) and includes a specialized distributed audit subsystem that allows you to monitor critical security events in the corporate network and provides the IT administrator with the necessary tools for prompt response to incidents IB.
GosLinux (“GosLinux”)
Developer: Red Soft company
GosLinux OS is created specifically for the needs Federal service bailiffs of the Russian Federation (FSSP of Russia) and is suitable for use in all authorities, state extra-budgetary funds and local governments. The platform is built on the CentOS 6.4 distribution, which includes developments from Red Hat Enterprise Linux. The system is presented in two editions - for servers and workstations, contains a simplified GUI and a set of pre-configured information security tools. The OS developer is the Red Soft company, which won the competition in March 2013 for the development, implementation and maintenance of automated information systems of the Federal Bailiff Service of Russia. In 2014, the system received a certificate of conformity from the FSTEC of Russia, confirming that GosLinux has an estimated trust level of OUD3 and complies with the requirements of the governing document of the State Technical Commission of the Russian Federation for the 4th level of control over the absence of undeclared capabilities. The GosLinux OS distribution for government agencies is located in the national fund of algorithms and programs at nfap.minsvyaz.ru. Currently, the GosLinux platform is being actively deployed in all territorial bodies and divisions of the Federal Bailiff Service of Russia. The OS was also handed over for trial operation to representatives of the authorities of the Nizhny Novgorod, Volgograd and Yaroslavl regions.
A secure general-purpose operating system designed for building stationary and mobile secure automated systems in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Accepted for supply to the RF Armed Forces in 2002. WSWS is based on the Linux kernel and components, supplemented by discretionary, mandatory and role-based models for restricting access to information. The system operates on hardware Intel platforms(x86 and x86_64), SPARC (“Elbrus-90micro”), MIPS, PowerPC64, SPARC64 and is certified according to the information security requirements of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The security measures implemented in WSWS make it possible to create automated systems based on the platform that process information that constitutes a state secret and has a secrecy level of “SS” (top secret).
"Zarya"
Developer: FSUE "Central Research Institute of Economics, Informatics and Control Systems" ("CSRI EISU", part of the "United Instrument-Making Corporation")
Family of software platforms based on Linux kernel, which are an alternative to foreign operating systems currently used in law enforcement agencies, the public sector and defense enterprises. The Zarya desktop operating system is compatible with most traditional office applications and programs. Server platform Zarya-DPC allows you to organize an application server or database server. To build data centers, it offers a standard set of server software, virtualization tools, and the ability to work on so-called “big hardware,” including mainframes. For embedded systems operating without human intervention, which must process information in real time, a special OS “Zarya RV” has been developed. The system corresponds to the third class of protection against unauthorized access and the second level of control over the absence of undeclared capabilities. The platform was developed by order of the Russian Ministry of Defense and is expected to be in demand by law enforcement agencies, the defense complex, as well as commercial structures working with state secrets and personal data.
Another software platform for deploying workplaces in the IT infrastructure of an enterprise using inexpensive terminal solutions. The WTware distribution includes services for downloading over the network, tools for working with printers, barcode scanners and other peripheral equipment. Supports COM and USB port redirection, as well as smart card authentication. To connect to the terminal server, the RDP protocol is used, and to quickly resolve issues that arise when setting up the operating system, detailed documentation is included with the distribution. WTware is distributed under commercial terms and licensed by the number of workstations. For the Raspberry Pi mini-computer, the developer offers free version OS.
KasperskyOS
Developer: Kaspersky Lab
A secure operating system designed for use in critical infrastructures and devices. The Kaspersky Lab platform can be used to automated systems technological process control (APCS), telecommunications equipment, medical devices, cars and other gadgets from the world of the Internet of Things. The OS was created from scratch and, due to its architecture, guarantees high level information security. The basic operating principle of KasperskyOS comes down to the rule “everything that is not permitted is prohibited.” This eliminates the possibility of exploiting both already known vulnerabilities and those that will be discovered in the future. Moreover, all security policies, including prohibitions on execution certain processes and actions are customized according to the needs of the organization. The platform will be supplied as pre-installed software on various types equipment used in industrial and corporate networks. Currently, Kaspersky Lab's secure OS is embedded in an L3 routing switch developed by Kraftway.
As a conclusion
Good day, Soldiers! This is an article about my small experiment regarding working in another operating system like Rosa. Although the step is risky, it is really long overdue, like a callus, which can easily be understood as Windows OS.
To put it in one word, I was practically disappointed in her and I think everyone can guess why this is so. Everyone knows how much maintenance trouble Windows OS causes. These include various glitches, freezes, and incomprehensible errors such as “The instructions have reached the address...”
And if the system understands that you are in a hurry, then, as if it were alive, it immediately begins to glitch, freeze and be stupid)))
I don’t understand the policy of this company... Why not focus on polishing and optimization program code, developing a friendly control panel, intuitive interface and other things that will ultimately merge into a superOS? After all, the result would be stability, reliability, convenience and speed of work! But instead, the “line of versions” is only lengthening: ... XP, 7, 8. I especially liked “Eight”, having launched which I really couldn’t get into “Documents” for about forty minutes! I remember that my eyes were bloodshot with anger - there was a lot of work, and here I was figuring out “where and what”)
What made this phenomenon a little easier was the fact that I was not the only one who had the same problems. They say that old Bill Gates himself swore terribly when, rubbing his hands in anticipation, he launched the Eight for the first time.))))
As we all know, things don't get better over time. Remember the seven and how well it worked. Literally flew! Now, having gorged itself on various updates like a pig of slop, this version is incredibly consuming resources and has become clumsy like a hippopotamus. Then 8, a year later 8.1. I heard that there will be 10. But the problems remain. I’m not even saying that the G8 was created exclusively for touch monitors, which didn’t exist at that time! I’m surprised how the company didn’t close at all after such tricks, due to a drop in the level of general trust, and therefore lost profits.
It's more than obvious that the company's regular users are simply sneeze-worthy. And where should we go - after all, Windows is installed on almost all computers and a great many games, programs and applications are “written” for it.
The situation reminds me of large companies in the computer games market, which also do not want to look for any new ideas, approaches, etc., but simply rework an existing game, creating some kind of remake, and convince the end user that “... This game is definitely a game for everyone game! This is what you all dream about and see in your dreams.”
And as soon as the game goes on sale, it immediately becomes clear that this whole thing is just another piece of crap.
Well, you must agree that it is stupid to create a certain “product” and not take into account the interests of those who will shell out cash for it. Capitalists must understand this: the pursuit of profit and the like. But since the company has been returning the “Start” button to its place for almost two years, then... then we’ll have to wait a long time perfect Windows. Well, or at least fast and stable)
Apple has the correct policy in this regard. They created their own OS and now with some kind of perverted pleasure they are polishing its code. I heard that latest version(or update? What do they have there?) I lost as much as one and a half gigs! This is real work! And hence, the stability of the system as a whole, and it requires reinstallation so rarely that such a thing almost turns into an event of world significance”))).
Of course, Windows has plenty of advantages, for example, simplicity, but currently I work in Rosa most of the time.
ROSA Desktop Fresh. Probably the only truly high-quality domestic multi-variant Operating System, which is united by an elegant design and a carefully selected set of application software. Here's a great demo video.
This is a freely distributed Russian operating system developed by the Rosa company, based on Linux and aimed at users of various levels who can appreciate the speed, stability, ease of use and ease of learning the OS. In addition, it is worth noting a wide range of compatible equipment...
1. The very first and very important thing, that is, “everything is included.” That is, the system is absolutely ready to work and there is no need to look for drivers. Install and use.
To be honest, I didn’t even understand it at first. And only a few hours later, I noticed that the Internet was there, music was playing, the ports were working, the peripherals were functioning! That's it, yes! The driver problem is gone!
2. Guest mode. A convenient thing, especially for those who are afraid to immediately demolish the familiar system and switch to a new one. That is, we first create an installation flash drive and boot through it. The system is not installed, but functions as if from a flash drive in an evaluation version as many times as desired.
3. Convenience . Everyone understands that working with a program in which the devil breaks his leg is not only inconvenient, but simply “infuriatingly terrible”! Read, for example, reviews of the iTunes program, which every iPhone user is very familiar with. The number of swear words per square centimeter of comment is simply amazing, and there are several hundred of them! And I understand these authors perfectly. A terrible and wildly inconvenient program that you can really figure out! I remember the last comment at that time, something like: “Guys, can you imagine? I bought “Android” and just took and dragged the file from the “Desktop” to the phone!” And everyone was like, “Uh-oh, lucky guy!”
True, after Windows in “Rosa” it’s a little unusual to work with “rooms” and “tables”, but you get used to it quite quickly)
4. Friendly interface. Very convenient and thoughtful, by the way. This is very important. Everything is where it should be and is easy to find without any digging through additional instructions. And by the way, there is also a “Start” button, although it’s a little different, when you click on it you get into some kind of desktop, reminiscent of the menus of “Androids” and “iPhones”.
5. Virus resistant. The risk of infecting your computer with some kind of Internet infection is minimal, which means you can view any website without significant fear. And who would even think of writing “malware” to infect one computer out of ten thousand? Although, please note, I still installed an antivirus - they brought up the habit of security)
6. Completely free . A very wise move on the part of the developers. Apple, too, now doesn’t charge anything for its operating system. And rightly so, since freebies help spread the word. Of course, you can do it another way, just impose it, as Windows did. Remember: about seven years ago, any computer was not initially equipped with an OS, and the user could stop any version. Now everything is exactly the opposite, and this is a clever marketing ploy by Microsoft, which, having collected statistics, found out that the percentage of Russian users installing alternative operating systems is growing all the time. Now Russian computers have begun to be “replenished,” but you won’t find a normal working seven during the day. The same installation disks with 7, which users have, they are valued by the users themselves almost worth their weight in gold, since it turned out to be a very successful modification of Vista. It would be better to optimize it, otherwise it would be five million lines of program code!
7. And finally, “ROSA” is RUSSIAN! Which is good news) I admit, the fact that Russia is lagging behind IT technologies bothers me somewhat. But back in the early 60s of the last century, we created computers based on TRINITY CODE! can you imagine this?
No, to create an appropriate institution similar to the Stalinist “sharashka”, to recruit specialists, isolate them from the outside world and develop operating system with package necessary programs. In China, as far as I know, they are very concerned about such a project and spend hundreds of millions on this matter every year.
Yes, as a matter of fact, there was no need to even develop programs, since I am sure that companies like Adobe and the like would immediately release modifications of their products under new System. And it’s impossible to do otherwise - the Russian market is large and transfers a lot of money to companies for purchasing software. So, we would strain ourselves and modify it. Wouldn't go anywhere, hehe)))
Okay, now some cons.
“Rosa” is based on some abandoned version of Linux, the rights to polish which were transferred to our company. I foresee that many will immediately “take a stand” and begin to ask: “... If this is so, then what kind of Rosa is it, Russian?” But we won’t listen to such “trolls in sailor suits.” They just want to lick their tongues, but those who want to try “Dew” in action after this article should understand one point well.
It is different and you should not look for a complete analogue of Windows in it. Each system is good in its own way and has its own advantages and disadvantages. There is no ideal system yet and one will not be created anytime soon.
Well, if we talk about the shortcomings, then, of course, the system is still somewhat damp, but no more than Windows, which releases modification after modification, but “things are still there.”
So, first: the installer is rather weak. Second: the KDE desktop is quite power-hungry. Next: It seems impossible to install it in parallel with another, as is sometimes done.
Well, the main disadvantage. Recently, the development of Rosa has slowed down significantly, which means that new functions have stopped appearing, and the enterprise itself clearly has a shortage of human resources. True, I heard that they are now working for the defense industry,” since the work there is paid, and this version of the Rosa Desktop system exists exclusively on a charitable basis.
Users are usually interested in two things: “Is it possible to run Photoshop on Rosa?” and “Is it possible to launch the World of Tanks client.” Regarding “World of Tanks”, I’ll say right away: in the demo video posted at the beginning of the article, at the fifteenth second, the label of this client is visible. So, installation is possible, but I don’t know how, since I haven’t played for a long time. Next, regarding the question about Photoshop, since there are a couple of ways to launch it.
First way. Through Win installations, and then through the winetricks script, configure Wine to launch Photoshop .
Second way. Use PlayOnLinux, which allows you to run applications under Windows. In theory, so does the aforementioned client.
Google for more details.
Articles a short summary:
The Russian operating system “Rosa Desktop Fresh” is an excellent option both for a basic user and for demonstrating to friends and acquaintances. Of course, there are several other very good developments, for example, based on Elbrus or ReactOS, created almost from scratch by a loner in his apartment, but consider this the first, suitable for you and me, because:
The Rosa operating system is efficient, stable, fast and does not glitch. When I tested it, I installed it on virtual machine and drove there. Interesting observation. The laptop itself (I have an HP processor with an intel(R) Core™ i7-3630 2.4 GHz RAM 8 GB) starts to work quieter, although in theory it should scream like a steam locomotive, because the main system is running, plus VirtualBox, and there is another OS in it spinning. But it's the other way around. The matter is unclear, but good).
It is well suited for the average user for ordinary purposes. Surf the Internet, type letters, read books and texts, sit on Odnoklassniki, watch films, and in high quality. That is, the user for whom basic package a set of necessary programs such as a torrent client or “online radio” is already included, this will be more than enough.
For serious, highly specialized work, it is not suitable, but not because “Rosa” is defective, but because of the lack of software necessary for a specialist, for example, “Photoshop” or a full-fledged 3D editor. For example, I myself sometimes like to model something futuristic in the 3D editor Cinema 4D - - and not Blender, which although you can run it on Rosa, is inconvenient for me! This means that sometimes you will have to use Windows.