A program pocket that controls the operation of a computer. A software package that controls the operation of a computer and provides interaction between a person and a computer? Questions and tasks
In the modern world, it is difficult to imagine a person who, since school, would not have come across such a concept as “a software package that ensures interaction between a person and a computer.” Let's try to figure out what it is and exactly what elements are included in its composition.
What is the name of the software package that controls the computer?
So, the very concept of such a package arose at the dawn of the development of computer equipment and related technologies.
Today it is generally accepted that, in the broadest sense of the term, a software package that controls the operation of a computer and ensures the functioning of the computer itself, as well as the performance of certain tasks by the user, is nothing more than an operating system with all its elements. Some people mistakenly believe that it is only a certain OS with system level programs. However, “pure” systems, so to speak, are practically never found today.
What's included
As for understanding operating systems or, as they are sometimes called, “OSes,” this is not only the system part.
The latter is exclusively a software package that controls the operation of the computer and ensures its correct functioning. That's all. Based on the understanding of a “pure” system, it is not designed to perform any third-party tasks that are in no way related to the “OS”. The creation of such systems would be completely impractical, since using them for some specific purposes (at the dawn of computer technology - ordinary calculations using mathematical, algebraic or trigonometric operations) would simply be impossible. Therefore, today systems are being created that have enormous capabilities, if not for all occasions, but at least for most of them.
And today you can find quite a lot of operating systems themselves: Windows, Mac OS X, Free BSD, Linux, UNIX, etc. In addition to the system part, they have an impressive set of completely different applications, for example, for processing graphics, listening to music , watching videos, etc. Naturally, these are only some elements, and not the complete set.
in a general sense?
As for what is commonly called software, it is, in essence, a collection of absolutely all programs that are installed by default or by the user on a specific computer system.
In other words, this is a software package that controls the operation of a computer in the broadest sense: the operation of the operating system itself, the correct functioning of hardware devices (motherboards, graphics cards, sound adapters, network devices, disk drives, USB ports and devices, various modules wireless communications, monitors, etc.), ensuring interaction between the computer and the user (graphical interface), as well as the ability to combine several machines into local or virtual networks, access to the World Wide Web and much more.
The system software package that controls the operation of the computer and provides interaction associated with a given user task and response to execution by the operating system itself may not always work, in particular, with regard to user portable programs that are in no way connected with the system.
If we talk about applications that allow the user to use all the explicit and hidden capabilities of the system, here the first place is occupied. It is through it that a person gains access to all functions and capabilities. But it was not always so. For the first time, an interface of this type was created using object-oriented programming technologies when the then revolutionary Windows 3.1 OS was released.
Previously, only command-oriented systems were used. These were the so-called DOS systems, in which access was carried out through the command line or using function key combinations. Many people also remembered that time for the fact that Norton Commander, which was released for the first time, was not only a file manager (as many believe), but a fairly powerful tool for editing text information and even viewing some graphic formats.
Nevertheless, today the system software package that controls the operation of a computer includes quite a lot of elements. So, for example, in addition to applications that ensure the functioning of the operating system itself, this concept includes device drivers, which are special programs or dynamic libraries that ensure interaction between the devices themselves and the operating system. Without a driver, not a single “hardware” component will work - the system simply does not recognize it.
In addition, this list can include special capabilities for changing the configuration of a computer system, controlling access to certain functions, setting up the simultaneous use of a specific local or network user account when logging into the system with several registered users on one terminal or several terminals located in a local or virtual network, etc.
General concept of application programs
In addition to the system part, we can also distinguish a specialized software package that controls the operation of the computer and provides any user with the ability to perform a specific task. Such programs are called application programs.
Naturally, today the range of tasks that modern computer systems can perform has expanded significantly. For example, using special mathematical packages you can easily solve complex problems, including tensor equations.
New opportunities
Modern applications related to physics or chemistry can even simulate some situations that have not yet been implemented in real life. Software packages such as AutoCAD provide the greatest opportunities for designers of various systems in completely different areas of science and technology.
What about sound and video? Previously, everything came down only to viewing and listening, but today you can easily find some professional software package that controls the operation of the computer and provides not only recording music or vocals at the studio level, but also allows you to create music without using instruments at all. At the same time, the sounds in such applications are no different from “live” instruments.
The same goes for video processing. Look, the same fight between Neo and Morpheus from the first part of the Matrix film trilogy was simulated in the program, and not filmed live. However, the list can be continued almost indefinitely.
Standard Windows programs
It goes without saying that every operating system known today has its own standard software package that controls the operation of the computer and provides the user with everything necessary to perform other most common tasks. Since our most used modifications are Windows OS, we will consider this set.
Here you can find a standard file manager called “Explorer”, tools for viewing and editing graphic images, a player for video and music, text editors, system administration tools and configuration settings in the form of a “Control Panel”, a built-in browser for accessing the Internet, tools for setting up local or virtual networks, special tools for people with disabilities (for example, for those with low vision, the system offers to use to enlarge the image) and much more.
Related programs and components
Among some additional components, special mention should be made of a software package that controls the operation of the computer and ensures system security. In Windows OS, such applications are usually called firewalls or firewalls.
In addition, almost all users today universally use anti-virus software designed specifically to protect computers from virus attacks or the penetration of malicious codes, spyware or unwanted programs that can not only significantly disrupt the operation of the entire system as a whole, but also lead to its complete “crash.” "
Instead of an afterword
As you can see, the software package that controls the operation of the computer is not only an “operating system” that ensures the interaction of the PC with a person, but also many additional elements that allow you to focus on performing a specific task. So there is simply no need to say that this is exclusively an “OS”. Here the understanding of this term is much broader. And if we take into account the rapid development of computer technology, who knows, maybe in the near future such systems will generally go beyond the scope of our current understanding and will be intended for completely different, as yet unpredictable purposes.
Windows Interface Nowadays, all PC operating systems provide user interaction through a graphical interface. This allows even a novice user to confidently work in the operating system environment (perform operations with files, run programs, etc.). graphical interface
Graphical interface Interface Interface is a set of tools and rules that ensure interaction between elements or systems, interaction between computer devices, or interaction between a computer and a person. Interface Interface is a set of tools and rules that ensure interaction between elements or systems, interaction between computer devices, or interaction between a computer and a person.
Desktop Immediately after loading the operating system, the Desktop appears on the screen, on which icons and shortcuts for objects are located (a shortcut is a picture with a small arrow in the lower left corner). They provide (with a double-click) quick access to drives, folders, documents, applications and devices. The My Computer, Trash, and My Documents icons are usually located on the left side of the screen.
Taskbar At the bottom of the screen is the Taskbar, which contains the Start button, icons, buttons for running tasks and open folders, indicators and a clock. The Start button allows you to open the Main Menu, which provides access to all system resources.
Windows are the basis of Windows Windows are the basis of Windows. They house almost all programs and display documents and folder contents. A window can be active or inactive. The active window is the window that the user is currently working with. The title of the active window is usually highlighted in a different color.
What is the name of the disk drive from which the operating system boots?
a) Boot drive;
b)Boot diskette;
c)Boot partition.
Question 2
What is the name of the graphics format used in the Windows operating system?
a) PDF;
b) XML;
c) BMP.
Question 3
What is the name of the initial record on a disk (hard or floppy), where the information necessary for the operating system to work with the disk is recorded?
a) Bootstrap;
b) Boot partition;
c) Boot-sector.
Question 4
The WINE program is designed to perform what function?
a) to configure and launch an SSH server;
b) to run Windows programs on the Linux operating system;
c) to launch the Virtual Box emulator;
d) to launch the VMware emulator;
e) to launch the GNOME OS Linux graphical interface.
Question 5
A piece of information left on the Web client’s computer by a program running on the Web server side. Used to store data specific to a given client, such as the user's name and region.
a) spyware virus Trojan-Spy.Win32 (according to Kaspersky Lab classification);
b) cookies;
c) virus blocker of browser programs;
d) banner virus.
Question 6
What is the name of the memory standard and technology that doubles the speed of data transfer between memory and processor?
a) DDS;
b) DEC;
c) DDR;
d) DSL.
Question 7
What is the name of the software component that allows you to interact with computer devices?
a)DSL;
b)Dream Weaver;
c) Driver;
d) Dynamic languages.
Question 8
What is the name of an information barrier that prohibits access to a protected network for all protocols other than those allowed?
a) Flash;
b) Firewall;
c) File fragmentation;
d) Fire Wire.
Question 9
A file (data) transfer protocol and a method for moving files between different computers. It uses the TCP protocol as a transport mechanism for data transfer.
a) Bluetooth;
b) Wi-Fi;
c) FTP;
d) IrDA.
10 question
One of the popular formats for saving graphic files for transferring images on the Internet. Allows you to create animated graphics.
a) DJVU;
b) JPG;
c) GIF;
d) PDF;
e) FB2.
11 question
What is the name of the standard for data transmission in cellular mobile networks?
a) Wi-Fi;
b) Bluetooth;
c) GPS;
d) GPRS.
Question 12
What is the name of the wireless interface standard?
a) IEEE;
b) IEEE 802.11;
c) IGMP;
d) IEEE 802.11 b/g/n.
Question 13
What is the name of the JAVA language archive?
a) RAR;
b)ZIP;
c) JAR;
d) GZIP.
Question 14
The OpenOffice.org office suite includes a set of programs. Name a program for creating presentations, similar to PowerPoint Microsoft Office.
a) OpenOffice.org Draw;
b) OpenOffice.org Impress;
c) OpenOffice.org Math;
d) OpenOffice.org Base.
Question 15
How many bytes are there in 1024 kilobytes?
a) 10024 bytes;
b) 1048576 bytes;
c) 104800 bytes;
d) 1048650 bytes.
Question 16
What is the name of the format for compressing music files that allows users to download music from the Internet?
a) MKV;
b) MP3;
c) MP4;
d) AVI.
Question 17
What is the name of the technology for converting multiple internal IP addresses of a network into one or more external addresses used to communicate with the Internet?
a) DNS;
b) HTTP;
c) NAT;
d) IP v4.
Question 18
These batteries use metal compounds with hydrogen instead of poisonous cadmium.
a) Li-ion batteries from Sony Ericson;
b) Li-polymer batteries from Nokia;
c) nickel-metal hydride batteries from GP.
Question 19
Name the executable file of ANDROID operating system programs based on their extension.
a) *.EXE;
b)*.RPM;
c)*.APK;
d)*.VHD.
Question 20
What program extends the capabilities of a software package?
a) Playlist;
b) Plug-In;
c) Portable soft;
d) PE-file.
21 questions
A special file format developed by Microsoft for exchanging formatted text documents. This format correctly remembers and reproduces the location of text and pictures on the page.
a) *.TXT;
b)*.DJVU;
c)*.RTF;
d)*.PDF;
e)*.FB2.
Question 22
What are the names of the sockets for installing various types of processors of the 486, Pentium and Pentium Pro families on the motherboard?
a) sosket 7;
b) sosket 478;
c) sosket 1-8;
d) sosket 486.
Question 23
Which program is not an operating system emulator?
a) QEMU;
b) Virtual Box;
c) Moba LiveCD;
d) VMware player;
e) WINE.
Question 24
What function does a file with the *.VMDK extension perform in the VMware Workstation v7 operating system emulator program?
a) description of the virtual hard disk parameters;
b) the main configuration file of the virtual operating system;
c) permanent memory RAM;
d) virtual machine swap file.
Question 25
What evaluation period is set for the user in the Microsoft Virtual PC 2007 computer program?
a) the period for free use of the program is set at 30 days;
b) the period for free use of the program is set at 60 days;
c) the period for free use of the program is set at 10 days;
d) the period for using the program is not established;
e) requires payment when installing the software product.