Why does the digital TV signal fluctuate? UHF antenna for digital television DVB-T2: installation, configuration

The installation of a TV antenna, available to all TV viewers, allows you to receive digital television in Moscow; broadcasting is carried out in the dvb-t2 standard. The analogue broadcast system is becoming a thing of the past and will be completely switched off in the near future. The reason for this is the improvement of radio frequency technologies. If previously no more than 18 programs were broadcast from the Ostankino tower, then in 2016 there are already 30. The channels operate digitally and are grouped in groups of 10 on one frequency, this package is called “Multiplex”.

1. First multiplex Ostankino TVK 30, frequency 546 MHz
2. Second multiplex Ostankino TVK 24, frequency 498 MHz
3. Test third multiplex Ostankino TVK 34, frequency 578 MHz

For local repeaters, broadcast parameters may differ. The Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation provides for the widespread launch of twenty federal, free channels. You will find towers under construction and operating in the Moscow region in the right block of the current page.

Advantages of terrestrial digital television

Maintenance free

A television installed in compliance with all rules will serve for a long time without service maintenance.

A large number of TVs can be connected to one antenna when the cable is laid in series.

Digital quality

Image without interference and distortion with the DVB-T2 digital transmission system and high-definition support.

Without subscription fee

Free TV shows everything federal channels, 20 programs have been officially launched and 10 are in test mode.

Reception digital television in Moscow is possible on any TVs, with the difference that for older models you will need a dvb-t2 receiver. This is a small set-top box with a separate remote control through which it is controlled. The signal from the antenna is supplied to the receiver, and you can connect it to the TV using a “tulips” or “scart” cord. How to set up the receiver is described in the user manual. In new types of flat TV panels, the tuner is already built-in, look for dvb-t2 in the specifications and try to find digital channels. If it doesn’t work, check the cable connection and find out if your house has a normal cable TV.

DVB-T2 television equipment sets

Price 5,500 rub.

Antenna without amplifier with one receiver, distance to Ostankino 20-30 km.

• Digital antenna DVB-T2 10dB
• Wall bracket 35cm.
• Cable 10 m., connectors 2 pcs.
• Digital DVB-T2 receiver

Order

Popular set

Price 11,500 rub.

Antenna with amplifier without receivers, distance to Ostankino 60 km.

• Digital antenna DVB-T2 15dB
• Brackets 0.5m. 2 pcs., 4m mast.
• Cable 10m, connectors 10pcs.
• Signal amplifier 20dB
• Installation on the wall from a 4m ladder.

Order

Price 16,500 rub.

Antenna with amplifier without receivers, distance to Ostankino more than 60 km.

• Digital antenna DVB-T2 20dB
• Brackets 0.5m. 2 pcs., 6m mast.
• Cable 10m, connectors 10pcs.
• Mast signal amplifier 40dB
• Installation on the wall from a 4m ladder.

Order

Digital receivers for old TVs

Receiver Oriel 100

Price 2,200 rub.

• Plastic case
• Recording Timer, Time Shift
• Viewing photos and videos
• Standard DVB-T2/T, Outputs - HDMI, RCA

Receiver Oriel 120

Price 2,300 rub.

• Metal case, display
• Recording Timer, Time Shift
• Viewing photos and videos
• DVB-T2/T standard, Outputs - HDMI, RCA, RF

The main part of the equipment set is the antenna; the quality of terrestrial television reception depends on its power. For Moscow, an antenna with an average gain is usually sufficient. In some cases, a more powerful option is required. This happens when a country cottage, a private house or the cottage is located in a lowland and surrounded by tall trees. The distance to the tower also plays an important role. Installation is desirable in the highest part of the house; installation is carried out on a small bracket or steel mast. The price of the work will vary depending on the complexity; the exact cost is calculated by the master according to the standard price list, taking into account current discounts and promotions. The connection is made to the existing cabling using an amplifier and dividers. The master can arrive the very next day after receiving the order.

Digital television is modern alternative standard TV. With this technology, image quality becomes significantly better at the same cost. The essence of this technology is that the signals are a sequence digital combinations electrical impulses. Digital technologies provide new opportunities for transmitting and receiving data.

It has its advantages. For example, mobility. There is no need to stretch wires and cables anymore, all you need is a TV, an antenna, digital receiver and a socket. This autonomous system, which you can take with you, for example, to the dacha and watch TV programs with the same high-quality signal, just like in the city. In addition, digital TV has a large number of broadcasts, and you can also access the Internet, TV guide, etc.

Possible causes of interference

A digital signal is generally reliable and much better than an analog signal, but even it is not immune to various types of interference. In any case, if the quality of the broadcast deteriorates, you will have to find out the reason why this happened. For example, if the TV does not show well and they are on, you need to check the antenna. Maybe it was installed poorly or just went wrong. The antenna can also break due to a large snowball or piece of ice. In addition, the TV may not show well due to a broken or faulty receiver, etc.

If, when connecting digital TV, the technicians fed the cable into the apartment, and further wiring was done independently (especially if there is more than one TV), then perhaps there is a bad tee. Interference may also occur if there is also a computer nearby and they are connected via HDMI cable. As a rule, interference on TV begins when the computer is turned on, and as soon as the computer is turned off, the image becomes high-quality again. In this case, interference may occur due to the computer (or rather, a video card with an HDMI port).

If you live on the top floor and the signal is weak, the nuts on the dividers may have oxidized or burned, the equipment has not been configured or has broken down optical receiver. There can be many reasons for the appearance of interference, and the easiest way would be to call a specialist so that he can find the true cause and eliminate it.

Having digital television in your home makes it possible to watch a range of different digital television programs. Digital TV is delivered to the consumer by connecting to the appropriate cable television. In this case, you can continue watching the same way analog channels in full.

Instructions

You should know that to receive a digital signal, you need to install equipment that has the function of receiving and playing the standards of the transmitted signal on the TV screen.

It can be following devices.
Cable receiver, free-standing, DVB-C standard(when using cable networks) or DVB-T (for regular broadcasting), which has a separate control panel. The receiver should connect to the audio-video inputs of almost any TV, both analog and digital;
Modern TV, which has a built-in DVB-C and/or DVB-T tuner. IN in this case just a cable through which you receive the network signal to the antenna socket, and you can receive the signal after setting up the TV.
A computer, however, is required to view this additional availability PC card or external tuner connected via USB port.

The development of digital television is a need faced all over the world. An analog signal, of course, extends over greater distances compared to a digital signal, but the quality of image and sound deteriorates as the distance to the broadcasting antenna increases. There was only one way out of the situation - to encrypt the signal so that it could be received and processed tens of kilometers from the translator without loss of quality. So the choice settled on digitally transfer of information.

History of digital television

For more than 60 years analog television was the only means of delivering news, films, and entertainment programs to the homes of millions of viewers around the world. If the receiver, that is, the TV, is located near the repeater, then the signal and sound have acceptable qualities. When removed, there is a need to amplify the signal different antennas. The further away the repeater is, the larger the antenna should be. At a distance of 50 kilometers, these receiving antennas reach enormous dimensions, like a multi-story building. All for the sake of several channels in mediocre quality.

Finally, in 2009, after many experiments with various formats Modern digital television DVB-T2 was launched. A number of questions immediately arose. Nothing has changed for cable and satellite television users, but for recipients analog signal arose new problem. To decrypt digital signal, you need a TV with a built-in digital signal receiving module or a set-top box. The cost of the latter reaches $50, which not everyone can afford.

The issue is partially resolved with the help of government subsidies, and perhaps in the next few years digital television will completely replace analogue.

What is needed for high-quality digital television reception?

Digital quality TV signal, like analogue, depends on the distance to the repeater. The difference is that the analog picture when bad reception the signal will blur and the sound will hiss. In digital television, the image will either disappear completely or will be displayed on the screen in rectangular blocks. That is, for high-quality reception of a digital television signal, you also need an antenna, but not as bulky as in the case of an analog signal.

The television signal is distributed in two bands - meter (English designation VHF) and decimeter (UHF). The first does not allow the signal to propagate to long distances, its waves do not cope well with obstacles in the form of buildings and walls inside the apartment. Therefore, most channels broadcast in decimeter range. Accordingly, for high-quality reception you will need DVB-T2 for digital television.

Types of decimeter antennas

All antennas for receiving digital television are UHF antennas, as well as meter ones. Thus, they can be divided into larger groups - indoor and outdoor.

Both types of antennas can be either passive or active. The latter has a built-in amplifier, which allows you to pick up weak signal. But it is more narrowly targeted; it needs to be directed towards the signal source. Passive does not have an amplifier, but receives a signal from all directions for its subsequent feeding to a signal amplifier in the TV.

Which antenna to choose

Before you can set up an antenna, you need to select it. A professional approach to installation involves measuring the signal level using a portable sensor. It will be very useful in areas with dense buildings, where the signal comes not only directly from the repeater, but is also reflected from the terrain or comes from several repeaters at once. After obtaining the signal characteristics, it is necessary to study the instructions for the antenna so that the quality of reception is guaranteed.

If it is not possible to use a portable sensor, then you can use general recommendations, select the antenna by trial method. The recommendations are simple. For an apartment in an area with sparse buildings, a regular but high-quality indoor antenna for DVB-T2 is suitable. In areas with dense buildings, it is necessary to use a signal. In open areas, that is, in cottage villages and dachas, it is already necessary to use an external antenna. Taking advantage of the free product replacement option in the store, you can independently configure several antenna models until you find the right one.

Setting up a UHF antenna

Before installing a decimeter antenna for DVB-T2 digital television, you need to configure it to receive a signal. Having connected the antenna output to a TV or set-top box to decrypt the signal, you need to point the antenna in the direction where the repeater is located. Then you need to do automatic setup channels from the device menu. The entire frequency range will be tested.

By turning on any channel, if its quality is insufficient, you can slowly rotate the antenna to find the ideal position in which the signal will be best. Typically, receiving devices show the signal level for each specific DVB-T2 channel. You should not think that in an ideal position for receiving one channel, all others will be of sufficient quality. Having configured the reception of one channel, you need to move on to the next and so on until all channels are broadcast.

If the receiver did not find a single channel during automatic tuning or found less than half, in this case how to configure the antenna? It should be rotated 180 degrees to receive the reflected signal. This often occurs in residential areas, where a large number of houses interfere with the signal.

In open areas, you should simply point the antenna towards the repeater and automatically configure DVB-T2 channels on the signal receiver.

Installation of a UHF antenna

After successfully setting up the channels, the result must be recorded, that is, fix the antenna in the position in which the signal reception turned out to be the best. Indoor antennas are usually installed on cabinets and cabinets, but this is not aesthetically pleasing. Stands modern antennas provide mounting points for screws and screws that can be installed directly on the wall.

External decimeter antennas for digital television DVB-T2 are mounted on brackets or supports. An outdoor antenna usually comes with fasteners that will allow you to securely mount it. outdoor antenna on a support. When outdoor antennas are used in apartments, they are usually mounted outside the home: on balconies or external walls. Then, as in the case of an indoor antenna, you will need to drill several holes in the wall for secure mounting.

The process of operating a decimeter antenna

A few more comments regarding the operation of decimeter antennas for DVB-T2 digital television. Depending on the weather conditions(even time of day) the quality of signal reception may vary. Therefore, the antenna mount must allow for its rotation to adjust for better signal reception.

Choosing the right antenna will allow you to enjoy digital quality TV signal. The DVB-T2 network is constantly evolving, new channels are appearing. This great alternative cable and satellite television, as it does not require a subscription fee.

• do not use the one bought when your grandfather went to first grade;
• don't buy the cheapest one with virtually no braid. Choose normal ones;
• do not shorten as much as possible;
• do not make sharp creases;
• Do not roll the excess into a coil.

Even if you connect the pieces with a standard coaxial connector, the signal quality is guaranteed to deteriorate.

Using the amplifier

This inexpensive antenna for the garden gives good results. If you plan to receive only with this antenna, then its two long side “whiskers” can be unscrewed.

Wave channel

They give good results, especially for remote signal reception when it is quite weak.

Polish

Many TV viewers use the “Polish” antenna - a grid and four rows of antennae. It doesn’t matter where it was made, they used to call it “Polish”, and sometimes “mesh”. Very often she demonstrates not the best best characteristics to receive a digital signal.

In general, for reception at the dacha , very sensitive too. If the reception of the digital signal on it in your area turns out to be normal, then you are just lucky. The amplifier of this antenna can operate from a 5 Volt power supply, which can be taken from a digital tuner, and then there is no need to use additional block nutrition.

Zigzag

indoor antenna shows good results for . Even if you paid dearly for it, the result may be zero.

If you only want an indoor antenna as an on-air antenna for your dacha, you may be “advised” to buy it more expensive and “better”. But if you hope that she will start giving you a wonderful signal in your room, then this hope is in vain. If in the house bad signal, no antenna will help. External - this is the solution to the problem if there is no reception in the room.

Satellite

Remember? We're talking about ethereal, so forget about satellites. You won't be through satellite tuner accept terrestrial television in the DVB-T2 standard. You will not connect the T2 tuner to the . We receive the T2 signal from the nearest broadcast tower in the UHF range. To normal terrestrial antenna for the dacha, not a “plate”.

In most apartments and even private houses within any even small city, there are now almost no problems with the quality of television signal reception, since cable television is installed almost everywhere. Most apartment buildings in cities with a population of over a million may have several cable TV operators, which gives residents a pretty good choice.

But as you move away from the city center, the availability of cable TV High Quality gradually “reduces to nothing.” And outside the city, as a rule, cable TV completely absent.

Therefore, most summer residents are content to watch at most a few channels of terrestrial television, which they can catch on. Moreover image quality often leaves much to be desired. Especially if the summer cottage is located far from the emitting terrestrial television station, then on the TV screen you can see a lot of interference from "snow" to "streaks" and black and white image instead of a color picture.

In most of Russia, terrestrial television is still transmitted to analog format. This method of signal transmission has one significant drawback: the signal-to-noise ratio drops significantly with distance from the emitter.

With distance from the television center, noise (interference) begins to dominate more and more over the main signal. This is precisely what manifests itself in the appearance of “snow” on the screen. If the cottage or village is very far from the transmitting station, then the noise will eventually interrupt the signal completely, and It becomes impossible to watch a TV channel at all.

Now the country is introducing the transmission of TV signals in digital format, and over time it is planned to completely abandon the transmission of television programs in analogue format.

What is the advantage of digital TV over analogue?

Transmission of a signal “digitally encoded” compared to direct transmission in analog format gives several advantages:

• Increasing the noise immunity of transmission and recording paths of television signals.
• Reducing transmitter power.
• Significant increase in the number of TV programs transmitted in the same frequency range.
• Improving image and sound quality in TV receivers.
• Creation of TV systems with new standards of image decomposition (high-definition television).
• Creation of interactive TV systems, when using which the viewer has the opportunity to influence the transmitted program (for example, video on demand).
• Function "To the beginning of transmission".
• Archive of TV programs and recording of TV programs.
• Transmission of various additional information in a TV signal.
• Select a language (more than the usual two) and subtitles.
• Extension functionality studio equipment.
• Possibility of adding radio to multiplexes

But there are also some flaws:

• Fading and scattering of the picture into “squares” when the level of the received signal is insufficient, the data is either received with 100% quality or restored, or is received poorly with the impossibility of restoration.
• Almost complete signal fading during thunderstorms.
• Even a transmitter with a power of 10 kW and a transmitting antenna height of 350 m provides confident reception over a distance of 50 km, and as a result, the need for a larger number of transmitting centers than with analog TV (more frequent placement of transmitting antennas).

Since we are discussing from the point of view of an ordinary user mainly only image quality, then we can highlight only one main feature of digital terrestrial TV over outdated analogue:

Digital TV is very resistant to interference. To do this, the signal is encoded with some redundancy. Digital tuner will produce a perfect picture even if there is large quantity interference And it will do this until the signal-to-noise ratio drops to a minimum, when the signal arrives at the very edge of the equipment’s capabilities.

That is, in analog broadcasting, as the signal level drops, you will see the picture worse and worse. IN digital broadcasting you will not notice the signal drop until the tuner is no longer able to restore the lost pieces of the image, and it “disintegrates into squares” and then disappears completely.

Types of digital television

Based on the transmission channel, digital TV can be divided into four types:

• Cable (DVB-C)
• Terrestrial (DVB-T2)
• Satellite (DVB-S)
• Internet TV (IP TV)

We will not consider cable TV and IP television in the country due to their great rarity. But satellite and terrestrial digital television broadcasting in the countryside is relevant.

Moreover, satellite DTV has been used by consumers for quite some time, and in particularly remote areas there are no alternatives to it at all. We will look at it in our separate article.

But on-air DTV began to enter the lives of gardeners and summer residents relatively recently. Let's talk about him in more detail today.

Terrestrial digital television in the country

On-air network digital television broadcasting in the Russian Federation still in the process of construction and currently available mainly near large cities. But it already covers a significant part of the dacha areas. Therefore, the issue of connection has become very relevant lately.

How to connect to terrestrial DTV?

If you want to try connecting digital television to your dacha, first you need to determine does your site fall within the coverage area of ​​one of the DTV transmitting antennas?. The location of the site will determine how your TV receiver will pick up the digital signal.

Most reliable way to find out, ask your neighbors in your dacha area, perhaps some of them are already watching TV channels in digital form. Then you can be completely sure that “the signal is reaching you.”

If no one in the area has yet heard of digital TV, then you need to try to find out whether your site falls within the boundaries broadcast radius of a local emitting DTV station.

Coverage area

The broadcast radius of a DTV station usually lies within 20-50 km, depending on the terrain and building density. On average about 30 km is reliable reception zone.

Each region has its own local organization - DTV operator, which is responsible for building and maintaining the network. On their website you can usually see the locations of broadcast stations and even coverage maps. Or you can get information from them by phone or written request.

The DTV network in the Russian Federation is being built by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network.

Each region has a division of this organization.

You can call and find out everything by phone numbers in your region from the page.

If you are lucky and you find out that your dacha is located in the digital broadcast zone, then it’s time to decide necessary equipment for DTV reception.

Equipment

So, you already have a TV in your dacha, a plot in the DTV broadcast zone. Let's start installing digital television at the dacha. What else is needed to receive a signal? At a minimum you need an antenna.

Antenna for digital television reception

Universal HF/UHF antenna for digital TV reception

If a digital TV tower is nearby, then it is enough indoor antenna . I will say even more, I personally confidently caught a DTV signal in the city of Ufa on a meter-long piece of wire.

If the signal level is not so ideal, then you will need to install an antenna at your dacha to receive digital channels. Nowadays, most antennas on sale are well suited for this, since they support reception of signals in the decimeter range (UHF/UHF).

For example, you can install the antenna “GAL”, “Locus”, “Zenith”, “Meridian”, “Ether”, etc. I bought my antenna in Auchan for 1000 rubles.

If you know the exact location of the DTV tower, then everything is simple: point the antenna on her and that's it. Usually this is enough to catch a signal and watch digital TV without problems.

If the exact direction is not known, then you need to gradually rotate the antenna until you find the most better position. Majority digital set-top boxes have signal level and quality indicator, which is displayed on the TV screen and from which you can find the best antenna position. This is usually done by two people: one person rotates the antenna, the second monitors the signal level.

When you have found the maximum possible signal level and the antenna is installed in the desired direction, you need to search for channels on the set-top box.

Setting up digital television at the dacha

The easiest way is to find the “Auto search for channels” item in the set-top box menu, and then the set-top box will do everything itself: it will find all available digital channels and number them in order.

List of digital terrestrial television channels

Now the interesting part: what channels does digital television show for free??

Since my dacha is in the suburbs of Ufa, and I am writing from my own experience, it means that I am considering digital terrestrial television in Ufa. But as far as I understand, list of channels throughout Russia will be the same with rare exceptions, so the information will be useful to everyone, and not just residents of Bashkortostan.

At our dacha the DTV shows 20 channels: 10 at each multiplex.

List of digital television channels

Here full list channels in Ufa:

1	"First channel"
2	"Russia 1"
3	"Match TV"
4	"NTV"
5	"Petersburg-5 channel"
6	"Russia K"
7	"Russia 24"
8	"Carousel"
9	"Public Television of Russia"
10	"TV Center - Moscow"
11	"REN TV"
12	"SAVED"
13	"The first entertainment STS"
14	"Home"
15	"TV-3"
16	Friday
17	"STAR"
18	"WORLD"
19	"TNT"
20	"Muz TV"

I hope I helped you understand all the nuances of digital TV. If you have any questions, write, I will definitely try to help you.