Cartridge e27 dimensions. Types, types of lamp bases
Each lamp uses a specific type of socket, into which only a lamp that has a suitable base can be installed.
Below is information about modern types of lamp bases.
Plinths have their own designation system, consisting of several elements:
1) The first letter indicates the type of base:
E- threaded base (Edison base)G- pin base
R- base with recessed contact
B- pin base (bayonet)
S- soffit base
P- focusing base
2) The number indicates the diameter of the connecting part of the base or the distance between the pins.
3) Lowercase letters indicate the number of contact plates, pins or flexible connections:
s- one contact
d- two contacts
t- three contacts
q- four contacts
p- five contacts
Edison threaded base
Edison base- threaded system for quick connection of the lamp with the socket. Designation Ehh corresponds to the diameter in millimeters.
Example: base E27 - threaded connection with a diameter of about 27 mm.
| Type | Diameter, mm | Name |
| E5 | 5 | Micro base (LES) |
| E10 | 10 | Miniature Base (MES) |
| E12 | 12 | Miniature Base (MES) |
| E14 | 14 | "Minion" (SES) |
| E17(110 V) | 17 | Small Base (SES) |
| E26(110 V) | 26 | Middle base (ES) |
| E27 | 27 | Middle base (ES) |
| E40 | 40 | Large Base (GES) |
Pin socket - G
Denoted by the letter G. A pin system is used to connect the lamp to the socket. The numbers in the designation show the distance between the centers of the pins, and for a larger number of pins, the diameter of the circle on which the centers of the pins are located.
| Type | Distance between contacts, mm |
| G4 GU4 GY4 | 4 |
| G5 | 5 |
| G5.3 GU5.3 GX5.3 | 5.3 |
| GY6.35 | 6.35 |
| G9 | 9 |
| GZ10 | 10 |
| G13 | 13 |
| G53 GU53 GX53 | 53 |
Note: the letters U X Y Z indicate a design modification. Such bases are not interchangeable!
Separately, it is worth mentioning the plinths G23 And G24
, inside which the starter is located:
For lamps with a base GU10 there are thickenings at the end of the contacts for rotary connection with the cartridge:
Fluorescent ring lamps use a base type G10q:
Sometimes a plinth is seen as a combination of two or more similar plinths. In this case, the number of combined bases is indicated before the general designation - 2G 11,2G 10,2G 13:
Base with recessed contact - R
Please note that after the designation of the base R 7s the numbers indicated are 78 or 118. They indicate the total length of the lamp in mm.
Pin base - IN
Denoted by the letter B. The base body has pins for connecting to the socket.
Example: В22d– pin base with a case diameter of about 22 mm. , with two contacts:
Soffit plinth - S
Socles S 19 And S 14s shown in the figure.
Focusing base - P
P 14.5s-focusing base with one contact, case diameter (orienting part) 14.5 mm.
In some cases, instead of the base type, the lamp type is indicated.
MR16(numbers may vary) -standard size of halogen incandescent lamps with reflector. Typically, a pin base is used (g9, g4, g23, etc.).
R 50(numbers show the diameter of the lamp) - standard size of reflector lamps. They serve to create directional light. In most cases, the base is threaded - e27 or e14.
2D- These are compact fluorescent lamps. The lamp bulbs are made in the form of two arcs. Base G 10 q or GR8.
Flask lamps
They are lamps in the form of a glass tube. They differ in diameter and type of base and have the following designations:
- T5(diameter 5/8 inch = 1.59 cm)
- T8(diameter 8/8 inch = 2.54 cm)
- T10(diameter 10/8 inch = 3.17 cm)
- T12(diameter 12/8 inch = 3.80 cm)
The E27 base is considered the most common in household and industrial lamps. Another name is Edison base. This threaded system for connecting lamps has become popular due to the simplicity of the holder and the reliability of the connection. The base was patented in 1894 by Thomas Edison.
Design
The E27 socket belongs to the group of threaded sockets; it is made in the form of a cylinder with a large thread that is screwed into the cartridge. The marking of the base is deciphered as follows:
- E – Edison design base;
- 27 – diameter in millimeters;
The counterpart in the cartridge can be made of metal or ceramic; plate power contacts are located at the bottom of the cartridge. One of the cartridge contacts is in contact with the central contact of the base, and the second contact (or pair) is in contact with the threaded part. This is how you connect to the network. Typically, E27 lamps are powered from a 220 V network, in some countries 110 V and other AC voltages. If E27 is common in Russia, then E26 is common in the USA.
The E27 socket was developed specifically for incandescent lampsPeculiarities
The standard base for lamps powered by a voltage of 220 V was previously used in incandescent lamps of low and medium power - up to 150 W. In lamps of the “candle” or “ball” type, which are often installed in sconces and other decorative lamps, a smaller version is used - the E14 base. This marking indicates the diameter of the threaded part is 14 mm. It is also called a minion due to its small size. Lamps with a minion base are usually small in power - up to 60 W.
Today, incandescent lamps have been replaced by energy-saving and LED products.
Types of lamps
Base E27 and E14 is used for lighting in domestic and industrial premises, both in conventional lamps such as sconces or chandeliers, and in explosion-proof mine lamps. It produces lamps of all popular types, each of which has found its application at home, in the office, and in production.
Incandescent lamp
The incandescent lamp is a classic light source that was actively used everywhere until the beginning of 2000. Provides a luminous flux of about 10 Lm/W. The E27 base in incandescent lamps has become one of the main ones; usually the power of such light sources is in the range of 25–150 W. Due to the high energy consumption and strong heating of the flask, LNs were banned in many countries. They were replaced by energy-saving lamps.
Halogen
For halogen lamps, the E27 base has not become the main one; they are often found in linear form for use in floodlights. Such lamps produce a higher luminous flux - about 17–20 Lm/W. These lamps last longer - up to 5000 hours or more than incandescent lamps, but they have gained greater popularity in the 12-volt version and in spotlights.
Energy saving
Hot old light bulbs have replaced compact fluorescent lamps, or energy saving lamps as they are also called. They heat up less, consume less, and shine 5 times brighter than incandescent lamps. Luminous flux 50–70 Lm/W. 20 W CFL, shines like an old 100 W lamp. In the E27 format there are devices with a maximum power of about 25 W, and more powerful ones are less common. According to the principle of operation, they are similar to fluorescent lamps, and in shape they are simply rolled into a spiral for compactness.
Compact energy-saving lamp with E27 base LED
After 2010, LED lighting devices began to actively spread. The development of LED technologies has led to the fact that LED bulbs with an E27 base have come into general use. Typically, the power of such light sources ranges from 4 to 15 W. And the luminous flux is from 80 to 120 Lm/W. Thus, even greater energy savings and brightness are achieved. Low voltage power supply (there are both 220, 12, and 24 V models) allows them to be used in wet rooms.
In what lamps is it used?
E27 is used in most lighting products. Such lamps are easiest to find on sale, as are sockets for them, which makes it possible to create lighting with minimal financial costs. At home, they are screwed into chandeliers, sconces, floor lamps, and table lamps. A reduced E14 base is often found in sconces.
This type of detachable connection is used in production, since the parts of the lamps then become interchangeable, and the sockets, especially with a ceramic skirt, are repairable. An example of such a lamp is a mine lamp in the RN, RV and RP versions. Their peculiarity is that they have a durable glass shade, which is attached to the body with iron latches, often protected by a metal mesh from shock and damage. They are also used in lighting utility rooms and any industrial enterprises.
Now there are a lot of lamps, with different types of mounts. These are GX53, GX70, etc., E14 or E27 are also found. Many people are confused by these abbreviations, and they don’t know how to choose the right base for their chandelier or lamp, they only know the marking of the base and that’s it! Today I will continue to talk about the most popular types of lamps (the first article was) and of course today the most popular base is E27...
A little definition
BaseE27 (or in the US and Europe "ES" —Edison Screw) – This is the most common base in the post-Soviet space. It just so happened that in the USSR 90% of electric lamps were produced that contained lamp socketsE27. If you break down the abbreviation letter by letter “E27", this means - "E" - the type of base in our case, it is threaded, invented by Edison. “27” means the diameter of the base in millimeters. That is, it turns out - a threaded Edison base 27 mm in diameter.
I would like to note that these are the most ordinary lamps in our understanding of the word. It all started with the Ilyich lamp, and then there was an electrical revolution, but it was done with these ordinary lamps.
Advantages of the plinth
I would like to note that this base is the most universal, even in the most remote village in the most run-down barn (where there is electricity), there is an E27 base. Therefore, if you have such a lamp, then you will definitely “get” light.
This type of lamp is also the cheapest of all. Even if you take energy-saving ones, they will cost less with this base than with others.
It is the E27 base that can withstand very powerful lamps up to 300 - 350 W incandescent lamp equivalent. If we calculate the equivalents in LED lamps, then the luminous flux from them can reach several hundred lumens (Lm). Other household sockets are not able to withstand such voltage.
The era of LED lamps
Now, of course, electricity is rising in price, so incandescent lamps are leaving, they are replaced by LED or LED lamps. However, again, the E27 base is the most common among manufacturers who produce LED lamps, all because in our time there is a lot of lighting technology based on this particular type of base.
Now a short video
And that’s all for me, I hope now you have firmly consolidated the information received.
Light bulbs equipped with a screw-type base (Edison screw) still lead in the number of offers in both the Russian and foreign lighting markets. Of these, the most common types are E14 and E27 sockets, designed to operate with a voltage of 220V.
Marking
For “Edison screw” type bases, the EXX marking is accepted, where:
- E – indicates the type (Edison Screw type);
- XX - numbers indicating the diameter, for example, the type of light bulb E14, indicates that the diameter of the base is 14 mm, that is, the difference between types E14 and E27 lies in the width of the socket.
Note that to ensure compatibility, special adapters are produced, for example, an adapter from E27 to E14 socket.
Photo: adapter example Thanks to such conductors, it becomes possible to install incandescent lamps of a standard size (E27) (as well as their energy-saving analogues) in a socket for a minion (E14).
The use of lamps with a minion base
Devices with an E14 socket are produced for the home, where they are used as sources of general or local lighting; in addition, such lamps can serve as backlight in various household appliances (for example, a lamp for a refrigerator).
Gradually, incandescent lamps are being replaced by energy-saving analogues; sources designed for use in minion-type cartridges are no exception. But when choosing them, it is necessary to take into account that the dimensions of energy-saving lamps are not so compact, so it may happen that they do not fit into the shades of some chandeliers or sconces.
The second factor limiting the use of energy-saving lighting sources for both E27 and E14 bases is their relatively high price. Currently, incandescent lamps are cheaper, but according to experts1, this situation will improve for the better in the near future.
It should be noted that thanks to the development of online trading, the cost of lamps is approximately the same in all cities of Russia, for example, in Moscow and Yekaterinburg the price is practically the same.
LED lighting sources (LED) with E14 socket
LED lamps with E14 socket, like their analogues, are not very powerful. For example, lighting sources with filament have a power of up to 60W, fluorescent ones - no more than 15W, and for LEDs the maximum level is 7W. Therefore, chandeliers or other ceiling lamps responsible for general lighting have several such lamps.
Despite the low power of LED lamps, the level of luminous flux is greater than that of filament sources or their fluorescent counterparts. Below is a table that shows how different types of parameters affect the radiation intensity.
| Filament lamps (W) | Fluorescent (W) | LED (W) | Luminous flux level (Lm) |
| 20,0 | 5,0-7,0 | 2,0-3,0 | ~250,0 |
| 40,0 | 10,0-13,0 | 4,0-5,0 | ~400,0 |
| 60,0 | 15,0-16,0 | 6,0-10,0 | ~700,0 |
| 75,0 | 18,0-20,0 | 10,0-12,0 | ~900,0 |
| 100,0 | 25,0-30,0 | 12,0-15,0 | ~1200,0 |
| 150,0 | 40,0-50,0 | 18,0-20,0 | ~1800,0 |
| 200,0 | 60,0-80,0 | 25,0-30,0 | ~2500,0 |
As can be seen from the table, an LED lighting source is approximately two to three times more economical than its fluorescent counterpart, and incandescent lamps are six times or more more economical. We do not consider halogen sources, since they are not formally energy-saving.
You should also take into account the disadvantages inherent in fluorescent lighting sources, namely:
- subtle flicker, which causes eye fatigue and can cause nervous irritation;
- The mercury vapor contained in lamps not only significantly increases the risk during operation, but also requires special disposal of the source after its failure.
LED lamps do not have the disadvantages listed above, they do not cause eye irritation and do not contain chemical compounds that are unsafe for humans and the environment.
It should also be noted that LED sources for the E14 base type are quite compact, so they can be installed in almost any lamps, including recessed ones.
As for the shape of LED lamps, it can be varied, for example, the source can be made like a ball or a candle. And given that LED lamps can be colored, this opens up broad prospects for design.
How to choose an LED lamp
In order not to make a mistake with your choice, you need to pay attention to the following points:
- The lamp base must match the type of socket installed in the lighting fixture for which the light source is purchased. Note that adapters are available for E27 and E14 sockets. Do not confuse them with other types, for example, a point source is different in that it uses a different base;
- manufacturer, choose products from well-known manufacturers, for example, Philips, Camelion, Gauss, etc. As practice shows, products from well-known brands last much longer than the Chinese name (from English no name, literally “without a name”);
- when installing LED lamps instead of filament or fluorescent sources, select an analogue with the appropriate luminous flux power, the table for this was given above;
- Considering that most modern LED sources have about 90-100 Lumens per watt of power, it is not difficult to calculate the approximate level of luminous flux. For example, a 220-volt 7W light bulb creates a luminous flux of about 630-700Lm;
- manufacturers do not produce household LED lamps whose efficiency exceeds 130 Lm per 1 W, since such products are unreasonably expensive;
- A high-quality LED lamp should not flicker; if this happens, it means that the control circuit (driver) is not working in normal mode, it is better to refuse to use such a device. Theoretically, the driver can be repaired if you have the necessary components and certain skills;
- frosted bulbs reduce the level of luminous flux by 15 to 30%. If this is critical, then it is better to buy a source with a transparent bulb.
In rooms with low humidity levels, you can install the lamp by first removing the bulb from it (this requires a little force). But remember that in this case you lose the warranty.
Color temperature selection
Color temperature refers to the tone of the luminous flux emitted by a lighting source; it is measured in Kelvin (K). LED lamps are produced in three temperature ranges:
- warm white (from 2000 to 3800K);
- neutral white (from 3800 to 4500K);
- cold white (more than 4800K).
Visually, the difference in color temperature is shown in the figure below.
According to observations, the most optimal and comfortable temperature for a living space is in the spectrum of warm and natural white light. That is, for a home it is better to select lighting sources in the range from 2800 to 4500K.
Cool white light is installed in public places, as well as to illuminate work areas where moving objects or small parts are used.
Installation of LED lamps with E14 socket
Let's look at the design of LED lamps using the example of a light source produced under the Maxus brand; its structure is shown in the figure.
Designations:
- A – scattering bulb;
- B – light-emitting diode elements;
- C – heat-sinking printed circuit board, used to attach LEDs and remove heat from them to the radiator;
- D – anodized alloy radiator (Maxus lamps use 1070 grade aluminum);
- E – board that powers the LEDs (driver);
- F – polymer insulator;
- G – E14 base.
For this review, we selected several LED lamps with an E27 socket, belonging to the category “replacement of the most ordinary pear-shaped incandescent lamp of about 100 W.” Given the current state of progress in the development of LEDs and drivers for them, this corresponds to a power of 12-15 W for an LED source.
Specifications and price
| Characteristic | Lamp | |||||
| Brand | Lexman | Osram | Philips | Supra | Supra | Volta |
| Model or barcode | 12-A60 E27/30 R | Led Star Classic A 100 | 8718696481868 | SL-LED-PR-A60- 13W/3000/E27 | SL-LED-PR-A65- 15W/3000/E27 | 25Y60BL12E27 |
| The abbreviation adopted in the article | Lexman | Osram | Philips | Supra-13W | Supra-15W | Volta |
| Rated voltage, V | 220-240 | 220-240 | 220-240 | 170-240 | 170-240 | 220-240 |
| Power, W | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 15 | 12 |
| Luminous flux, lm | 1055 | 1055 | 1400 | 1155 | 1350 | 1200(1150) |
| Luminous efficacy, lm/W* | 88 | 88 | 108 | 89 | 90 | 100 |
| Color temperature, K | 3000 | 2700 | 3000 | 3000 | 3000 | 3000 |
| Color rendering index, Ra | 80 | 80 | 80 | ≥80 | ≥80 | ≥80 |
| Service life, h | 25 000 | 25 000 | 15 000 | 30 000 | 30 000 | 30 000 |
| Number of on/off cycles | >30 000 | 100 000 | 50 000 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Diameter, mm | 65 | 60 | 61 | 60 | 65 | 60 |
| Height, mm | 117 | 115 | 107 | 112 | 130 | 108 |
| Price**, | 556 | 695 | 491 | 279 | 369 | 268 |
| * Luminous efficacy is calculated by dividing the rated luminous flux values by power ** Approximate retail price at the time of testing |
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Short description
The Lexman brand, judging by the information on the box, is closely related to the Leroy Merlin company. Actually, it was there (or rather, in the supermarket of the same name) that this lamp was purchased. The lamp is packed in a box made of thick cardboard, inside of which there are fixing inserts for the base and bulb made of the same cardboard. The outer surface of the box is laminated, has a colorful design, its edges contain useful and not so useful information for the end consumer, and there is also a photograph of the product itself. From what is shown on the box and not included in the table above, it is worth noting the heating temperature is 55 °C, the operating temperature range is from −30 to +85 °C, the time to reach 95% brightness is 2 s, the glow angle is 300° and 5 year warranty. The inscriptions on the lamp itself are painted in silver, and therefore reflective, and are slightly blurred, but everything you need is there, including a symbol prohibiting use with dimmers.
The bulb is milky white, dense and, as you can see, rounded beyond a hemisphere, which promises a wide angle of illumination.
Osram is a German brand with a very good reputation. However, the lamp, like all others participating in this testing, was manufactured in China. The lamp is packaged in a thin cardboard box with a semi-glossy exterior. There are no fixing inserts. There is a lot of useful information on the edges of the box, there is a photo of the lamp itself. From what is shown on the box and not included in the table above, it is worth noting the operating temperature range from −20 to +40 °C, the time to reach 60% brightness - 0.2 s, and a 3-year warranty. The company has a website where this model should, in theory, be presented, but for some reason it wasn’t there. The inscriptions on the lamp itself are clear, contrasting, but small. Everything you need is there, including a symbol prohibiting use with dimmers.
The flask is milky white, has an average level of transparency, and is rounded approximately in a hemisphere.
Philips branded lighting products are highly trusted by customers. The author’s personal experience confirms this, with the exception of the most common incandescent lamps - but who buys them now? The lamp is packed in a box made of thin cardboard, semi-glossy on the outside, inside of which there is an insert made of thin corrugated cardboard that fixes the base. There is an eyelet for hanging in a display case. There is a lot of useful information on the edges of the box, there is a photo of the lamp itself. From what is shown on the box and not included in the table above, it is worth noting installation recommendations (use in open lamps, etc.) and the indicated operating voltage range of 170-240 V (apparently, the lamp will work from 170 to 220 V may, but its performance is not guaranteed). I was able to find one for this lamp on the manufacturer's website. True, there is clearly a different modification depicted there. According to information from the website, the glow angle is 130°. Despite all our efforts, we could not find information about the warranty for this type of product. We contacted Philips support for clarification, and the response we received deserves to be presented in full, in its original form and without our comments:
We hereby inform you that there is no legal concept of a “Warranty” for lamps, because lamps may be subject to improper use or exposure to factors beyond the control of the manufacturer.
For lamps there is a concept of “life expectancy” measured in the expected average number of operating hours, under normal conditions up to a 60% probability of lamp failure.
For lamp 8718696481868 this is about 15,000 hours (or 15 years of service when using the lamp on average 3 hours a day). You can request a replacement lamp if it has lasted less than the specified number of hours.
The inscriptions on the lamp itself are not very clear and lack contrast. The main characteristics are there, but there is no prohibition on use with dimmers - on the contrary, a triangle with a circle at first glance can be mistaken for approval of connection via a dimmer.
The bulb is matte and in terms of its ability to scatter light, it is the least dense among the participants in this test. The flask has the shape of a slightly flattened hemisphere with a rounding just below the equator.
The Supra brand belongs to a Russian company. The lamp is packaged in a box made of thick cardboard, inside of which there are fixing inserts for the base and bulb made of the same cardboard. The box is well designed, on its edges there is technical information, a photograph of the lamp itself, and even a transparent insert through which part of the lamp inside is visible. In retail locations, sellers can release the hidden pendant and hang the lamps on the display/stand. From what is shown on the box and not included in the table above, it is worth noting the operating temperature range from −25 to +40 °C, a glow angle of 240° and a 2-year warranty. The box with Supra lamps includes a printed manual, which is also a warranty card:
The box, its design, the inscriptions on it and the contents are similar for both Supra lamps from this test, so we will not repeat it below. Manufacturer's websites - and; You can find some things related to current lamp models there, but not very much. The inscriptions on the lamp itself are clear and contrasting. The main characteristics are there, but there is no prohibition on use with dimmers.
The flask is milky white and has an average level of transparency. Its shape is practically a sphere, truncated slightly below the equator.
The inscriptions on the lamp itself are clear and contrasting. The main characteristics are there, but there is no prohibition on use with dimmers.
The flask is milky white and has an average level of transparency. Its shape is practically a sphere, truncated just below the equator.
The Wolta brand appears to belong to a Russian company specializing in lighting solutions. The lamp box is the most unusual in this test, as it is made of transparent plastic. There is a lot of transparent area left on the walls, so there is no need to depict the product - it is visible as is. Inside the box there are fixing inserts for the base and flask made of the same transparent plastic. The box is well designed and has technical information on its sides. In retail locations, sellers can hang the box from the existing eyelet. From what is shown on the box and not included in the table above, it is worth noting the assurance that the pulsation coefficient does not exceed 3% and a 3-year warranty. The Wolta lamp box comes with a printed manual and warranty card:
The inscriptions on the lamp itself are non-contrasting. The main characteristics are there, but there is no prohibition on use with dimmers.
The flask is milky white and has an average level of transparency. Its shape is practically a sphere, truncated slightly below the equator. There is a price on the company’s website, and the price indicated there is the same as the one at which we bought the lamp in the store.
Test results
Start schedules:
The graphs below will help you evaluate brightness modulation. In fact, only in the case of Osram and Philips lamps can we state the presence of any significant modulation with a frequency of 100 Hz. For them, you can calculate the pulsation coefficient (the difference between the maximum and minimum illumination values during the period of its fluctuation, divided by twice the average illumination value for the same period and multiplied by 100%), which is usually used to assess the flicker of gas-discharge lamps when powered by alternating current. In the case of Osram it is 7.7%, and for Philips it is 12.1%. According to Russian standards, of the participants in this test, only the Philips lamp cannot be used in some cases (for example, in rooms for working with displays and video terminals, in computer rooms), since its pulsation coefficient exceeds 10%. And still, even in her case, subjectively no flickering is visible under any circumstances.
Energy characteristics
The power factor of all lamps was less than 0.9. This is not very good, but for everyday use it is not important, since LED lighting is definitely not the main consumer in terms of power required, and the user pays only for active power. The Wolta bulb gets the hottest. It definitely should not be installed in poorly ventilated lamps. Note that when measuring the temperature, the lamps were installed in an open socket with the bulb facing up and kept turned on in this position for 10 minutes. The housings of all these lamps are made of plastic and have a smooth surface, so they cannot serve as effective heat sinks on their own. As you can see in the heat images below, the maximum heating zone (the brightest area) for all six lamps is located in approximately the same place.
Luminous flux, luminous intensity and luminous efficiency:
The luminous flux turned out to be the highest in the Philips lamp, it is even 8.5% higher than the passport value (however, this is the permissible error when measuring light characteristics). This lamp is also the most efficient; the others are significantly inferior to it, and they can be classified into the same group with an efficiency of about 100 lm/W.
Light patterns:
At a constant zenith angle (when the light sensor moves around the axis of the lamp), the glow of these lamps changes little, that is, they shine evenly to the sides, so we do not provide diagrams for this direction. This is not true in the case of a fixed azimuth angle and movement with changing zenith angle: these lamps shine forward from the socket to the top of the bulb more than sideways and backward. The diagrams are plotted in %% of the maximum illumination, which does not necessarily coincide exactly with 0° on the diagram, that is, it does not necessarily coincide with the axis of the cartridge in the direction from the base to the bulb. This is mainly due to the slight curvature that occurs at the place where the socket is attached to the lamp body. In this height test, the center of the lamp was taken to be the point where the diameter of the bulb had its maximum value. The zenith angle varied from 0° to 150° in both directions. It can be seen that the widest radiation pattern is found in the Lexman lamp, and the most directional glow is in the Osram and Philips lamps. The directional characteristic is the angle within which the light intensity is 50% or more of the maximum value (the so-called glow angle). For the tested lamps it is shown in the table below:
Despite the significant variation in the luminous angle values, all of these lamps are not point-type sources, but it is still advantageous to place them so that they are directed at the place that needs to be illuminated, since they shine brighter in the axial direction.
Colorimetric characteristics
| Lamp | Color temperature, K | ΔE | Color rendering index, Ra |
| Lexman | 2750 | 3,7 | 80 |
| Osram | 2520 | 1,6 | 85 |
| Philips | 2860 | 2,5 | 82 |
| Supra-13W | 2720 | 6,2 | 71 |
| Supra-15W | 2760 | 6,2 | 72 |
| Volta | 2750 | 1,7 | 80 |
The color temperature in all cases turned out to be lower than the declared values, the light was a little “warmer”, which in this case is not critical. The deviation from the blackbody spectrum (parameter ΔE) even in the worst case is significantly less than 10, so the color balance of all tested lamps is close to natural light. All six lamps have a color rendering index of at least 70, which is good, and four representatives have a color rendering index of 80 or higher, so these lamps can be used in cases where the way the colors of things look under the light of these lamps is of great importance.
conclusions
If we again compare the obtained characteristics of the lamps participating in this test with the characteristics of LED lamps from the previous test, then it is worth noting the increased efficiency, which for this set was at least 95 lm/W. Among the positive trends, it is worth noting the minimal or almost complete absence of significant modulation, that is, flickering, as well as a reduction in the start time to a very small value.
Based on the results of this testing, the prize of our sympathy goes to the Philips lamp with code 8718696481868, since this is the most efficient lamp, comparable in size to an ordinary incandescent lamp in a pear-shaped bulb, and in terms of luminous flux even surpassing this now forbidden light source. Moreover, the price of the Philips lamp is not even the highest of those tested. The only drawback of the Philips 8718696481868 can be considered significant light modulation - however, it is still too small in amplitude for visible flicker. The Supra SL-LED-PR-A65-15W/3000/E27 lamp, based on the luminous flux criterion, can also be considered a replacement for a 100-watt incandescent lamp, but the dimensions of this Supra are already significantly larger, although it heats up less than the Philips. The remaining four full-size 12-watt bulbs produce the same light output as 85-watt incandescent bulbs.
In conclusion, we provide a table for calculating the total cost per unit of light energy. The lower it is, the more profitable the lamp will ultimately be.
The cost of owning a lamp consists of its actual cost and the cost of electricity consumed during its service life. The light energy that a lamp produces is equal to its luminous flux multiplied by its operating time, that is, its service life. By dividing the cost of owning a lamp by the light energy, we get a value that shows how much a unit of light energy costs. It is more convenient to express this cost in kopecks per thousand lumens per hour.
If we take the prices indicated at the beginning of the article, the service life data from the manufacturer, and the power and luminous flux values that were obtained in our test, then the most expensive lamp will be the Lexman 12-A60 E27/30 R ( 5,88 cop. per km/h), and the most profitable ones are Supra lamps for 13 and 15 W - 4,59 And 4,53 cop. per km/h, respectively (at a tariff of 3.77 per kW/h).