Introduction

The Windows XP operating system has a large set of built-in programs that will be useful for a novice computer user. The main advantage of these programs is their availability on almost all computers. Some features are only available in these programs.

With standard programs you can draw, write texts, emails, watch and create films, listen to music.

Click the "Start" button, select the "All Programs" menu.

P "Games" app. Mini games from Microsoft.

Folder "Standard programs".

Paint. A program for working with raster graphics. The following tools are available: eraser, brush, fill, pencil, lettering (without effects), line, rectangle and others.

WordPad a simple program for editing and formatting texts. Text can be italic or bold in lists.

The address book- database of user contacts.

Notebook. The simplest text editor. The program has a minimal set of functions, loads quickly, and does not require prior installation.

Calculator. The program has 2 operating modes - engineering and simple. Calculations are carried out in various (2, 8, 10, 16) number systems. The calculator works with degrees and radians, trigonometric functions, logarithms, powers. The calculator works with numbers up to 32 digits.

Command line (console). A type of text-based interface (CUI) between a person and a computer in which instructions are given to the computer by entering text commands from the keyboard. The command line interface is contrasted with menu-based program control systems, as well as various GUI implementations.

Program Compatibility Wizard. Allows you to check the operation of an application (program) in various modes and with various parameters. For example, if the program was developed for Windows 95, select Windows 95 compatibility mode and try running the program again. You can try running the program with different parameters. (with 256 colors or a resolution of 640 by 480 pixels).

Remote desktop connection. This program allows you to control a computer running Windows XP Professional from other computers over a network. The remote computer must be running Microsoft Windows XP Professional and must be connected to the Internet or network. Any Windows after Windows 95 can run on the local computer. Accounts with the appropriate rights must be created on the remote computer.

Conductor. A program that provides user access to files in the Microsoft Windows operating system. Explorer is the basis of the Windows user interface. You can use File Explorer to copy, move, and delete files and folders.

Synchronization. Allows you to synchronize data on your computer and the network.

Folder "Entertainment". Microsoft Windows developers offer us to have fun with the volume program (adjusting the volume of headphones, speaker systems, digital audio outputs) and the sound recording program (recording audio files from a digital input, CD/DVD drive, microphone).

IN
folder "Communication" there is HyperTerminal - a program that can be used to access other computers via a modem, serial port or via the telnet protocol, wizards for connecting to various network connections and the “Network Connections” folder.

Folder "Service".

WITH
new Internet Explorer, programs for data backup, system recovery (set the minimum value for the system disk and disable for other disks to increase the speed and performance of your computer), disk defragmenter (this program will place information on your disk in order, which will increase the reading speed and recording data from your hard drive, run this program regularly, first freeing up to 20% of the space on each drive).

Copy and Cleanup Wizards. To automatically clean the recycle bin, temporary folders and files, it is better to use DustBuster or CCleaner.

System Information program allows you to view the settings of the operating system, hardware and Microsoft software products. Here you can find out the version of the operating system, which is important when installing certain programs and updates.

"Symbol table" is a program for viewing fonts (the fonts themselves can be found and installed in the “Fonts” folder in the Control Panel).

Security Center- software that monitors the presence of installed, active and up-to-date antivirus, firewall, and operating system updates on your computer. If you are using non-licensed Windows XP, it is better to disable this service. When updating from the official Windows update website, the operating system is blocked after 30 days.

"Accessibility" folder. Programs for people with disabilities.

Studied with standard Windows programs

1. Calculator

There are situations when you need to quickly calculate something. It's unpleasant to have a computer in front of you that can perform millions of operations per second, and find yourself having to do the simplest calculations with pencil and paper.

The Calculator program solves this problem. The first time, enable it like this: Start > Programs > Accessories > Calculator. If you use the calculator often, this launch method may seem inconvenient - create an icon.

The Calculator program neatly reproduces on the screen the image of a regular desktop or pocket calculator. If you have already dealt with such a device, you will immediately recognize almost all the buttons shown on the screen. The only difference is that you need to press them not with your finger, but with the mouse.

Arithmetic calculations

TO Buttons with blue symbols are used to enter numbers: these are numbers 0-9, a decimal point (or period) and a key to change the sign of a number. The red buttons are used to perform basic arithmetic operations: addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*) and division (/). The equal sign (=) button calculates the value of an expression.

For example, if you want to calculate the expression 2*3+5, then you need to sequentially click on the buttons “2”, “*”, “3”, “+”, “5”, “=”. The answer will appear on the “indicator” at the top of the “calculator” - the number 11. Please note that we did not click on the “=” button after entering the number “3”. The calculator, like most of its desktop counterparts, allows you to perform chains of sequential arithmetic operations. For example: 2+3*5+7/2.
In this mode, the Calculator has “arithmetic” logic, that is, when calculating complex arithmetic expressions, the procedure accepted in mathematics is not followed. The expression is evaluated from left to right as written. In our example, we actually calculate ([(2+3)*5]+7)/2=16 instead of 2+(3*5)+(7/2).

If we needed to calculate this expression “according to the rules,” then such a successful sequential chain of actions would no longer be found. This is where the “memory” of our Calculator comes to the rescue.

Notice the red labeled buttons on the left side of the panel. They are intended for memory operations.

Memory Clear - clearing memory.

Memory Recall - calling a number from memory.

Memory Store - writing a number into memory.

Memory+ - adding a number on the indicator to a number in memory.

Now it is easy to perform the desired operation. Click on the buttons “2”, “MS” (stored the first number), “3”, “*”, “5”, “=”, “M+” (calculated the product 3 * 5 and added it to the number, stored in memory), “7”, “/”, “2”, “=”, “M+” (received the final result), “MR” (displayed it on the indicator). The result is 20.5.

Please also note that when a number is stored in memory, the letter M appears in the window above the buttons intended for working with memory.

The dark blue buttons on the right side of the panel perform some special operations.

Square RooT - This button allows you to extract the square root of a number set on the indicator panel. The % button allows you to calculate percentages. For example, to answer the question “What is 20% of the number 6,” click on the buttons “6”, “*” (multiplication is required!), “2”, “0”, “%”. The answer will appear on the indicator - 1.2.

The dark brown buttons directly below the indicator are used to edit the entered numbers.

Backspace - cancel the last entered digit. For example, click on the buttons “2”, “3”, “Back”, “4”. The indicator will show the number 24.

Clear Entry - deleting the last entered number entirely. For example, type “2”, “4”, “+”, “1”, “6”, “CE”, “2”, “4”, “=”. The indicator will show 48 (24+24).

Clear - completely clears the calculator (except for memory) and prepares it to start a new calculation.

And finally, one last note. Try multiplying two large numbers. Enter, for example, arbitrary numbers “in the entire length” of the indicator). Something like 2.68805458746e+24 will appear on the screen. This is the so-called “engineering” way of writing numbers. Number after letter e indicates how many positions the decimal point should be moved to, that is, in fact, this number is 2688054587460000000000000. The zeros at the end of the number are conditional, in fact, neither we nor the Calculator know what numbers are in these positions. If you've never seen this notation before, it might be a little confusing, but it's actually useful for working with very large or very small numbers (try clicking the 1/x button).

Mathematical calculations

You may have used calculators to perform complex engineering and scientific calculations. They are capable of calculating a large number of different mathematical functions. The Calculator program also has such capabilities. To access them, select the item in the menu bar View > Engineering. The appearance of the calculator will change - now there are new buttons on it.

In engineering mode, the calculator has “algebraic” logic, that is, when calculating complex arithmetic expressions, the accepted order of operations is followed - multiplication and division are performed first, and only then addition and subtraction. In our example, 2+3*5+7/2 will be calculated as 2+(3*5)+(7/2)=20.5.

The purple buttons to the left of the memory buttons enable you to perform mathematical calculations. Pay attention to the “Inv” and “Hyp” flags located above and slightly to the left. Thanks to them, each of these buttons allows you to perform several functions.

"Inv" checkbox turns functions into “inverses”, for example, instead of calculating the sine, the arcsine will be calculated, instead of raising the number X to the power of Y, the root of the power of Y will be extracted from the number X, etc.

Hyp checkbox only works for trigonometric functions - it turns them into hyperbolic ones.

Statistical calculations

WITH Statistical calculations are slightly different from the others because they also have another small help window. Statistics.

To carry out statistical calculations, use the buttons with blue symbols on the left panel of the Calculator.

They can be used to enter a series of numbers and determine the mean of those numbers and the standard deviation for that series. To work in mode Statistics You need to know a few simple rules:

1. Window Statistics opens with the Sta button - you can enter a series of numbers into it.

2. The number typed in the Calculator panel is sent to the window Statistics button Dat.

3. Three Calculator buttons are used to calculate statistical functions for the series of data that is typed in the window Statistics. This:

Ave - calculation of the arithmetic mean of the series;

Sum - calculation of the sum of numbers in a series;

s - calculation of standard deviation.

As an example, let's perform statistical processing of a series of numbers: 1, 3, 5, 7:

We enter the number “1” in the Calculator;

Open the Statistics window with the button Sta;

We send a number from the Calculator to it using the button Dat;

We enter the number “3” in the Calculator;

We send it to the Statistics window with the button Dat;

We dial “5”;

Send by button Dat;

We dial “7”;

Send by button Dat.

Now the entire series of numbers has been entered and you can begin its statistical processing. By clicking the button Ave, we get the average value of the series - 4. By clicking on the button Sum, we get the sum of the numbers in the series - 20.

Logical calculations

The red buttons on the right edge of the calculator are designed to work with integers in various number systems. The program allows you to work with binary (Bin), octal (Oct), decimal (Dec) and hexadecimal (Hex) numbers, convert numbers from one system to another, and also perform logical and other integer operations on numbers.

To understand any button (any panel element) or any function of the Calculator program, right-click on this element. A tooltip “What is this?” will appear in front of you. Left-click on it and get clear, understandable help.

2. Notepad

Notepad is a very convenient tool for working with short text files. Such files are common (for example, these are Readme files that accompany almost all software products). Thanks to its simplicity, this program can be used for the simplest everyday tasks, and in order to master typing text on a computer with its help.

Text documents are usually considered files with the txt extension, but in fact, other files can also have text content, for example, with the extensions bat, htm and many others. Windows 95 is capable of automatically recognizing several types of files (although you can customize and reconfigure this feature as you wish) containing text information. She will open such files using Notepad.

Please note that the Notepad program is stored in the Notepad.exe file, and the English name of this Notepad program may still appear here and there in the Russian version of the system. Do not be alarmed or surprised - in this case we are still talking about the Notepad program.

To launch the Notepad program, just double-click on the icon of any text file: the program will be launched, and the marked file will open in it automatically. But the size of the files that Notepad can work with is limited. If the file you are trying to open is too large, another, more powerful standard WordPad editor program will be launched, which will be discussed below.

To create a new file from scratch using Notepad, you need to launch it through the menu. To do this, open the Main Menu and select the item in it: Programs>Accessories>Notepad. If you have to do this often, then create a program icon on your desktop.

However, keep in mind that the Notepad program is intended not so much for creating documents, but for quickly familiarizing yourself with existing ones. Therefore, its capabilities may seem very modest to you. But its advantages include loading speed and ease of operation.

What good can be done with its help? First, you can write and print a short document. Secondly, you can work with the Notepad program as with a regular text editor - type characters from the keyboard and see them on the screen. The typed text can be saved in a file for later use. Notepad is often used to prepare messages in advance for later sending via email.

Notepad as a diary

Even more interesting is the possibility of using Notepad to keep a diary. Create a new text file, preferably directly on the Desktop. Open this file in Notepad, and in its first line, starting from the very first position, type the command.LOG (exactly like that, starting with the dot symbol and in capital letters). Save the file.

Now, whenever you want to add some information to this file, open it again using Notepad, for example, by double-clicking on the file icon. You will see that the current date and time are automatically inserted at the end of the file. After them, you can type any text, save it and close the file.

The same thing will be repeated in the future: every time you open this file, the current date and time will be added to its end.

When working with Notepad, the current date and time can be added to the file at any time by pressing F5.

If it seems to you that the Notepad program is poor in its capabilities, then it’s hard to argue with that. But despite this (or perhaps precisely because of this), it remains one of the most convenient and frequently used tools.

3. Graphic editor Paint

When talking about a graphics editor, two concepts are often confused. There are graphic editors that are designed to create images, and there are editors that are focused on processing ready-made images. Of course, this division is very arbitrary, but the processes of creating and processing images are largely independent. In the first case, you need to be able to draw lines, points, and various geometric shapes. In the second case, we are talking about combining images, combining colors, introducing various additional visual effects (filters) such as targeted distortions that create an unusual impression.

The Paint graphic editor belongs to the first of these categories and is designed for creating simple graphic images. It is suitable for creating simple illustrations, mainly diagrams, diagrams and graphs, which can be embedded in text documents. In addition, Paint can be used for educational purposes. It is better to start mastering computer graphics with this program, since more powerful graphic editors may require not only months, but also years to fully study all the possibilities.

There are special graphic editors that reproduce the artist’s creative process, that is, they simulate not only colors, but also materials. For paints, these are oil, watercolor, ink, gouache, pencil, etc. Both types of canvas and tools are modeled (thickness and hardness of the brush, etc.). Even painting styles are modeled (impressionism, cubism, primitivism, etc.).

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To launch the Paint graphic editor, open the Main Menu and select: Programs>Standard>Graphic editor Paint.

When the program loads, you will see that the main part of the window is occupied by the working field, on which the drawing will be created. To the left of the picture is a set of tools, and below it is a color palette.

The Paint graphic editor allows you to draw various objects and also has some tools for working with color. Let's look at some of these possibilities in order.

How to draw a rectangle

The tool for this is called:Rectangle. Click on it with the mouse and The mouse pointer will take the form of a crosshair. Rectangles are drawn using the Click+Drag method.

First, expand the editor's workspace to fill the entire screen. Now left-click in the upper left corner and, without releasing the button, drag the mouse to the lower right corner, where you release. A rectangular frame is formed in the size of the working field of our drawing. Experiment with creating a few more rectangles as shown in our illustration.

How to draw a straight line

Select the tool calledLine. A line, like a rectangle, is drawn using the “Click+Drag” method. Where the line ends, you must release the button, and if you want to continue drawing, press the button again.

In case of an error, the finishing touches can be removed using the command Edit > Undo,

The line width can be selected from the menu under the toolbox.

How to paint with a brush

Select a toolBrush, a in the menu that opens below the toolbox - the widest brush size. Now we will draw a tree trunk. It will be brown, so left-click in the color picker on the cell with brown paint. We will do the drawing with the same click and drag.

TO how to use a spray bottle

Tool Spray works like an airbrush.

Having selected it in the toolbox, then select the desired spot size and finally the green paint - we will be painting the foliage. If this is an apple tree, then red round spots (apples) can be placed using a round brush, selecting red paint from the palette.

How to draw a circle or ellipse

A tool is used for thisEllipse. It works the same way, by clicking and dragging the mouse.

With this tool you can create both ellipses and regular circles. If it is difficult for you to make the correct circle “by eye”, you can press and hold the Shift key while drawing - you will get a circle, not an ellipse.

When drawing geometric shapes, pay attention to two things. First, the line thickness will be the same as what you set the last time you drew with the tool Line. If it does not suit you, then you need to enable the tool Line, select new thickness and return to tool Ellipse. Now the line will be as it should. The second circumstance is the color of the line. If you have previously drawn apples and your color is red, you are unlikely to be happy with clouds in the sky with a red border. Choose a new color to suit your taste.

Reproduction of objects

After drawing the sun and clouds, we can practice working with objects. All we see on the screen are graphic objects. They can be moved around the screen, creating combinations of different objects from them and thereby replacing conventional drawing with artistic design (what is called design).

For an object to become independent, it must be “selected” - the tool is used for thisSelection. Select this tool, draw a dotted frame around an object (for example, a cloud), and now you can move this cloud around the screen until it reaches the desired position. Experiment with moving graphic objects and notice the effect of pressing the Shift key. Did you feel the difference?

But you can do more than just move selected objects. They can, for example, be reproduced by copying. When an object is selected, the menu Edit several new points appear, among which interesting points Copy And Cut out. Click on this item. In this case, the selected object will be copied to the so-called Windows system clipboard. (Difference between teams Copy And Cut in that in the first case the original object remains in its place, and in the second it “dies.”)

With a copy of the object in the system buffer, you can now begin to reproduce the object. When there is something in the buffer, in the menu Edit the command appears Insert. This command places a copy of the object on the screen. It doesn't matter where it ends up - you can always move it to the place you like. Often the copy is placed in exactly the same place where the original was, so that it is not immediately noticeable that something has appeared on the screen.

You can paste as many copies from the buffer as you like.

Other operations with objects

Objects can not only be moved and copied - you can do many other useful and useless things with them. All of them are contained in the menu, which opens by clicking on the item Drawing.

The selected object can be rotated by a given angle, mirrored, stretched, compressed (both vertically and horizontally), tilted, inverted colors and, most importantly, changed attributes. If no object is currently selected, then all these operations apply to the entire drawing.

Click on the item Drawing > Attributes. Among the attributes of a drawing are its size. It can be measured in inches, centimeters and pixels. The size in pixels (screen pixels) is the most interesting. If you know the graphic resolution of your screen, then you can determine how much of the screen the image occupies. By changing the value set here, you can increase (or decrease) the size of the image.

How to draw a curved line

A tool is used for thisCurve. Drawing curved lines is probably the most difficult task in Paint. They are drawn in three steps. First (in the usual way) a straight line is drawn - draw it across the entire width of the screen. Then you can make two bends in this line. Place the cursor somewhere near the line, click the button and move the mouse. You will see how the line bends elastically. When you release the button, the line will become curved. The second bend is made in the same way. Such smooth curves with two bends are calledBezier curves. They are very suitable for depicting the curvature of natural objects, such as the outlines of people and animals.

It may not be possible to get an acceptable result right away. After each unsuccessful attempt, do not forget to delete the “defect” using the command Edit>Cancel.

In the place where the drawn curve crossed our “house”, it can be removed using the toolEraser.

ABOUT It works very simply. And in the place where the line has spoiled the “tree”, it can be sprayed with green paint from a spray bottle.

Fill Tool

This is apparently the simplest and most effective tool in the program. It is used to paint closed contours with the selected color. Select this tool, select the desired paint, and by clicking inside any path in the drawing, you will paint the entire shape with one color.

E If the outline is not continuous, if there is at least one small “hole” in it, left, for example, after careless work with an eraser, then the paint will “break out” when pouring and flood the entire drawing. Cancel such a marriage with the command Edit>Cancel.

Start a new drawing by creating a general rectangular frame. It serves as a natural closed loop and will help avoid troubles when pouring. Whenever possible, try to use tools for closed shapes (rectangles, ellipses, etc.) first, and only then tools for straight, curved and broken lines. This will also help make pouring easier.

Scale tool

Sometimes the breaks in the contour are so small that they cannot be seen by eye. In this case, a tool calledScale, although it looks like a regular magnifying glass.

Lettering Tool

Used to create text inscriptions. Click on the button with this tool and select the inscription mode at the bottom. There are two such modes:

An inscription with a specified background; inscription with transparent background.

If a transparent background is selected, as on our “fence,” then the background will be the one that is present in this place.

After selecting the drawing mode, the cursor will take the form of a double crosshair. Use it to create a rectangle in which the inscription will be entered. Click inside this rectangle and an "I" shaped cursor will appear. You can now enter text. When entering text, you can use all the fonts that you have installed on Windows 95 (let's hope that you have fonts with Russian characters). To select one of the installed fonts, click on the menu item

View>Text attributes panel. A small panel will appear on the screen in which you can select the font (by name), its size (in points) and font style. In the Paint program, only three types of outline are available to you:

Bold;

Italic (oblique);

Underlined.

Selecting background color and tool color from the palette

TO When we draw something, we always deal with two colors. The first is the background color and the second is the tool color. Both can change, but at any moment there is both. By the way, if the color of the tool matches the background color, then nothing can be seen in the drawing, although the drawing still exists.

You can see what color the tool is currently selected and what the background color is by looking at the small window in the lower left corner of the editor. There are two squares shown there. The top one has the current tool color, and the bottom one has the current background color.

Changing these colors is very simple - you just need to click on the cell of the palette with paints. If you click with the left button, the tool color will be selected, and if you click with the right button, the background color will be selected.

Selecting the background color and tool color from the drawing

Sometimes it is necessary to set the color of a tool not just any color, but exactly the same color that already exists somewhere in the picture. A tool is used for thisChoice of colors (colloquially it is called a “dropper”). Click with such an eyedropper anywhere on the working field, and the color that is present there will be selected as the current one. If you left-click, this will be the tool color, and if you right-click, this will be the background color.

Saving a drawing to disk

Whether your drawing is ready or not, you can save it to disk. If it is not ready yet, it can be modified later. If you are ready, then you can embed it in a document, send it by e-mail, display it on the Internet on a server, print it on a printer, and even use it as a desktop picture.

To save the file, click on the menu item File and in the menu that opens, select Save or Save as... If you have already saved your drawing (and its name is known to the operating system), then the command is enough Save. If you have never saved a drawing before, then the system knows nothing about it and you need to assign a name to it - give the command Save as...

In the menu that opens, select the file type, for example 256-color BMP pattern, select the folder where it will be saved and enter a file name. The Paint program saves drawings only in the bmp format (there are dozens of other graphic formats). The bmp format is neither the best nor the most economical, but it is a “system” format for the Windows system, and this is a guarantee that all programs running on this system will parse and understand it.

How to use your drawing as a desktop wallpaper

IN
All desktop wallpapers are stored in the Windows folder. Open this folder and find in it the ready-made pictures used in the system. Copy your drawing there too.

If you now enter the Desktop settings dialog box , then yours will be present in the drop-down list of prepared drawings. The result could be, for example, as funny as the one shown in the picture above.

4. Text editor WordPad

The WordPad text editor has significantly more capabilities than the Notepad program and can be used both for viewing documents and for creating them. What are its advantages?

Firstly, there are no restrictions on the size of the processed file. WordPad can work with files of any size, regardless of the amount of computer memory and the number of programs open at the same time.

Secondly, WordPad can work not only with regular text files (txt), but also with documents in .doc format. These are also text documents, but in addition to the text, they also contain the style of the document (its appearance).

To launch the WordPad editor, double-click on the icon of the document you want to view or edit, or select the item from the Main Menu: Programs>Accessories>Text editor WordPad.

If you have more powerful text editors installed on your computer, such as Word 7.0 or Word 97, they may have switched some file types during installation. In this case, when you double-click on the file icon with the .doc extension, it is not WordPad that is launched, but another editor.

What features does WordPad offer compared to Notepad? The most important thing is the ability to format the text. When using the Notepad program, all “formatting” comes down to inserting additional spaces, which is inconvenient, ineffective and does not guarantee the desired result, for example, when printing a document.

The WordPad editor provides several options for formatting text, and they are focused on the fact that in the future the document will be printed.

In particular, you can specify in centimeters the desired dimensions of the sheet of paper on which printing will be done.

How to set the font to use

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To change the font (that is, its size and name), first select the piece of text whose appearance you want to change. Then, from the menu bar, select Format > Font. In the dialog box that opens, you can select a new font type from those installed on your machine, as well as set its other parameters - color, size and style (bold, italic, underline, etc.).

When using TTF (True Type Fonts) format fonts and an appropriate printer (for example, laser), the appearance of the document on the screen and the one received when printed will be exactly the same. However, be aware that if you plan to transfer the document to another computer and print it there, it may be that that (other) computer does not contain the fonts you used and, as a result, the printed document will not look the way you wanted.

You can select the desired font at formatting panels.

Two drop-down lists specify the font type and its size, the buttons “F”, “ N" And " H." set the bold, italic and underline modes respectively. All these modes can be selected jointly and independently of each other. The next button allows you to select the text color.

All text you enter after changing the font size will use the new settings.

How to change paragraph format

Move the cursor to the paragraph whose format you want to change. From the menu bar, select Format > Paragraph In the dialog box that opens, set the required margins from the edges of the page and the alignment mode. All text entered after this will use the newly set parameters.

How to set text alignment

When you read a book or newspaper, you see that on the left all the lines start from the same place. This is called left alignment. In the WordPad text editor, you can set one of three possible alignment types: left, centered, or right.

You can do this by changing the paragraph format as described above, or by using the buttons on the formatting bar. These buttons represent conventional “lines of text” aligned in different ways.

Left alignment is most common, but headings are usually centered, and tables of numbers often make sense to be right aligned.

How to use introductory bullets

Sometimes you may want to mark sections of text with special characters to show that they cover different sides of the same issue or that it is a list of some kind.

You can use markers for this. To set the marker installation mode, select Format > Marker or click on the button Markers in the formatting panel. A marker in the form of a black circle will appear on the screen. Each time you type another paragraph of text and press the Enter key. Another marker will appear on the screen. Once you've finished using the markers, select the option again. Format > Marker or click on the button Markers in the formatting panel. You will return to normal mode.

Menu: File and Edit

The Word Pad text editor has other features that would take up too much space to fully cover. However, further you can read about the commands included in the first two items of the menu bar, namely: File And Edit. The fact is that similar menu items are found in almost all programs for Windows 95 and are used for approximately the same purposes. Therefore, once you become familiar with these features in WordPad, you can confidently use them in other programs, and not just in text editors.

Menu: File

Create. This menu item is used to create n new document. WordPad has only one window at its disposal and therefore can only work with one document at a time. More powerful programs can work with several documents simultaneously and open a separate window for each such document. In this case the command Create usually creates a new document in a new window.

If you want to work with not one, but two documents at the same time, for example, read one and cook the other, then you can open the WordPad program on the screen two or more times.

Open. This command opens a previously prepared document. A dialog box appears on the screen in which you can select both the folder from which you want to download the document and the document itself. Otherwise, the same thing happens as when creating a new document.

Save. Writes the current version of the document to disk under the same name under which it was previously stored. If you have created a new document, it does not yet have a name and therefore a dialog box will appear in which you can enter a name for the file to be written.

If you have edited (or changed) a previously existing document and want to save both the changes and the previous version, then use the following command.

Save as... This command allows you to write the current document to disk and give it a new name. When you select this command, you will be presented with a dialog box where you can select the desired folder.

If a file with the same name already exists, you will be asked for additional confirmation whether you want to replace the contents of this file with the new one. You can confirm writing to the same file or select a different file name.

Seal. Used to print a document. A dialog box will appear on the screen allowing you to set additional printing options.

List of documents. At the bottom of the menu there may be additional items (up to four) containing the full path to the documents you have worked with recently. This is convenient because many documents are needed frequently. You can open any of your recently used documents.

Exit. Serves to complete work with the program. If the current document is not saved, you will be prompted to save your changes, cancel them, or continue working with the program.

Menu: Edit

This menu defines special editing operations information, including the ability to exchange information between different documents or programs. Transferring information from one document to another using WordPad may seem impossible due to the fact that WordPad only supports one window, but this is actually not the case.

Cancel. This command undoes the last action performed. An action means using any possible command or typing a series of characters from the keyboard. This feature is convenient, although it is very easy to “overshoot” the critical point and lose the opportunity to restore the state before the error was made.

Cut And Copy. Both of these commands are designed to ensure that a fragment of a given document is inserted into another location or into another document.

Above, when analyzing the Paint graphic editor, we talked about the fact that if you select an object on the screen, you can perform various actions with it, for example, copy it to the Windows system clipboard. This can also be done in the WordPad editor (as in most other programs running on Windows 95). True, if in the graphic editor the main objects were drawings, then here the main objects are text fragments (although not only them).

To select a text object, you first need to select a piece of text. Place the mouse pointer at the beginning of the selected fragment, press the button and, without releasing it, move the pointer to the end of the selected fragment. The same effect can be achieved by moving the cursor using the keys while holding down the Shift key.

Now the team Cut or Copy will place the selected fragment in Windows Clipboard, to which all running programs have equal access. The only difference between these commands is that the command Cut deletes a fragment from the document, and the command Copy leaves it in place.

It is useful to know that the Windows clipboard is universal and can contain any type of data. In the same way, it is used not only for transmitting text fragments, but also for copying images, fragments of sound recordings, video clips, etc.

Insert. To use information that has been placed on the clipboard, use the command Insert. This command places the data on the clipboard at the location where the mouse pointer is currently located. The clipboard is not cleared, so the same fragment can be pasted into different places in the document several times.

Other menu commands Edit are specific in nature and most likely will not be found in another program. The exception is the teams Find, Find next And Replace, which are common to all text editors. These commands allow you to search and replace one combination of characters with another.

Find. If you select this command from the menu, you will be presented with a dialog box in which you can type a sequence of characters that will be searched in the text. When such a sequence is found, the search will pause. You can continue editing the document normally or issue the command Find next, which can detect the next occurrence of a given sequence of characters.

Replace. This command works similarly, except that you specify two character sequences. When WordPad finds the first of the specified sequences, it pauses and gives you the opportunity to indicate that the second sequence should be replaced.

You also have the opportunity to set the global replacement mode. In this case, all occurrences of the first sequence in the document text will be automatically replaced with the second sequence. Team Replace all - an absolutely necessary thing when editing texts. So, for example, the words “dialog box” and “dialog window” can be found in books on equal terms, the same with the words “hard drive” and “hard drive”. Authors can use both terms, but the editor who prepared the book for release must “clean it all out”, and the teams help him with this Find And Replace.

Relationship between applications

Exactly for implementation and linking and stands the great power of the Windows operating system. So what is it embedding and linking objects?

We have already mentioned above that the operating system has a so-called clipboard. An object selected in a document, be it a drawing in a graphics editor or text in a text editor, can be sent to this buffer. And then this object from the buffer can be inserted into another document. But the clipboard is universal and can contain not only texts and pictures, but also any other information, for example, a sound clip or video clip. The question may arise: “What happens if we try to insert non-text information, such as an image or sound recording, into a text document in the WordPad editor?

It turns out that a similar feature is provided in Windows 95. And we can talk not only specifically about the WordPad program, but also about many other programs. The Windows system allows you to insert any object into a document: an image, a sound recording, an animation. Static objects (images) will be embedded directly into the document, dynamic ones (sound recordings and videos) can be activated by double-clicking on the image or object icon.

P An interesting thing turns out. Previously, we believed that a document was something that officials worked with in offices. These are sheets of paper that have something printed on them and can be read. Today everything is changing. Now the document becomes electronic. You can not only read it, but also watch and listen to it. This is what is called “multimedia”.

How to insert an external object into a document? There are two ways: you can insert it from RAM, or you can insert it from a file on disk. The first method has actually already been described above. Open the picture in the Paint graphic editor, select an object in it, then use the command Copy place the object on the clipboard. Then go to WordPad and give the command Insert - O
The object is inserted into the document.

The second method is more complex, but also more universal. In the menu bar, select the item Insert > An object. A dialog box opens. Installing the switch Create from file and specify the full search path and file name. If the exact name and location of the file is unknown, use the button Review.

This is it Introduction of objects. The object is, as it were, built into the body of your document and “lives” inside it and in
place with him.

Please note that every object has a size (text is smaller, graphics are larger, and video clips are even larger), and when an object is “embedded”, the document, of course, increases, and sometimes very significantly.

What is binding? It differs from embedding in that in this case the object is not embedded in the document, but only a link to it is embedded. The object itself remains where it was - in another folder on the hard drive of your computer or on a neighboring computer, and maybe even in another city.

It can be assumed, that tying something better than implementation. But it is not so. Let's figure it out.

If the drawing implemented into the text, it “lives” inside the document, is embedded in the document file and is transmitted along with it. If the drawing Connected with text, it is stored somewhere else. Of course, the associated object is not sent along with the document. Only the address where this object can be found is transmitted.

Saving document space when linking objects has a downside. You have to make sure that the connection is maintained. If someone moves the original object to another location (to another directory, for example), then the link will no longer work and the document will remain without the object. There is also a threat that someone can change the object, and then in your documents, instead of a diagram of the continuous growth of the enterprise’s labor productivity, there may be a graph of a steady increase in wage arrears.

But besides the disadvantages, there are also advantages. For example, thousands of company documents may be linked to an audio file containing the company anthem. And when the president of the company wants to change this anthem, he will replace one file, and the new anthem will “play” in all thousands of documents.

Coupling really comes into its own when there is an enterprise local area network, in which one central computer reports only to the boss. In everyday life, as a rule, they still use “implementation”, which is done using the clipboard.

Remember the following simple key combinations that work in most Windows programs:

Ctrl+x - cut an object from the document to the buffer; Ctrl + c - copy an object from a document to the clipboard; "Ctrl+v - paste an object from the clipboard into the document.

View clipboard

While we're on the subject of the system clipboard W indows plays such a big role, it would be interesting to ask a piquant question: “What is in the buffer?”

The clipboard is located in the computer's RAM, and you can only look into it using programs. For this purpose, the operating system has a special program called “View Clipboard”. You can find it in the same place as all other standard programs - in the folderStandard. This is done like this:

Start > Programs>Standard>View the clipboard.

When you run this program, its window will display what is in the buffer. The program allows you not only to view the contents of the buffer, but also to save it on your hard drive: File >Save as... The contents of the buffer are saved in clp format. Accordingly, you can do the opposite operation - load into the clipboard what was previously saved on your hard drive.

When looking through the contents of the Standard folder, you may be surprised to not find the Clipboard Viewer program in it. If you do not have it, then know that this is because Windows 95 does not install this program during automatic installation. In order for you to have it, you either had to install the system manually or additionally install this program. This can be done at any convenient time. And we will tell you how this is done in the next chapter.

Conclusion

Windows not only keeps your computer running, but also provides you with several “standard” basic programs that are convenient for everyday work. These programs are not enough for full-fledged professional activities, but they are quite suitable for quickly performing simple operations.

Another advantage of “standard” programs is the ability to quickly master them, so they are quite suitable as the first stage of training before mastering more powerful professional packages.

Bibliography

1. Aliev V.K. Computer science in tasks, examples, algorithms. - M.: Solon-R, 2001. - 143 p.

2. Baldin K.V., Utkin V.B. Computer science: A textbook for students. universities - M.: PROJECT, 2003.

3. Bezruchko V. T. Workshop on the course “Informatics”. Working in Windows, Word, Excel: Textbook. manual for universities, educational. in all areas of training. bachelors and masters and all specialists. prepared diploma specialist. - M.: Finance and Statistics, 2004. - 272 p.

4. McCormick D. Secrets of working in Windows, Word, Excel: A complete guide for beginners / Igor Timonin (translated from English). - Kh.: Book Club "Family Leisure Club", 2007. - 240 p.

5. Efimova O. et al. Computer technology course. - M.: ABF, 1998.

6. Leontyev V.P. Personal Computer. Pocket guide. - M.: OLMA-PRESS, 2004.

7. Titorenko G.A. Information technologies in marketing. - M.: UNITY-DANA, 2001.

8. Informatics for lawyers and economists / Simonovich S.V. and others - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2004

9. Baldin K.V., Utkin V.B. Computer science: Textbook for students. universities - M.: PROJECT, 2003.

The preferences of personal computer users when it comes to choosing programs are varied and rarely similar. Therefore, the phrase “all markers have different tastes and colors,” widely known in narrow circles, should be taken almost literally. On the other hand, we all watch movies from time to time, admire photos from our summer vacation, read news on the Internet, or put work files in order. And for this, alas, the utilities built into the OS are far from the best suited. That is why understanding what an ideal set of “essentials” should consist of will not only be interesting, but also very useful. At the very least, you will be able to make an informed choice, and not look for crumbs of information on specialized forums.

File managers

The times when you could find the legendary Norton Commander on every computer are long gone, but the need for a convenient tool for working with files has not gone away. Fortunately, the choice is now greater than ever.

Free version that is in no way inferior to MS Office

Music player

Winamp has long lost its leading position in the market, and its development has already officially ceased. But if you are used to listening to music from your computer, there is no need to give it up.

Very beautiful and functional music player

Video player

Many users prefer a comfortable and soft chair in their own apartment to visiting a movie theater, so it is not surprising that programs for playing films are quite popular among users.

This video player supports a huge number of formats

Graphics Viewer

Many people mistakenly believe that, apart from the well-known ACDSee package, nothing more worthy has yet been invented. Of course, this is fundamentally wrong, so there is no longer any need to choose a paid, “heavy” and far from ideal program.

Functional replacement for standard viewers

Protecting your computer from viruses

One of the most saturated sectors of the market, the competition in which is very, very tough, therefore we will not give any specific advice on choosing. But it’s quite possible to figure out how to properly organize anti-virus protection.

Recommendation: class packageInternet Security(full automatic) + startup protection. If you do not have sufficient knowledge, you should not take aim at the “monsters” of the Comodo Internet Security level. A “lighter” intelligent program (Norton, BitDefender, Panda) will be more suitable for you; to adequately configure it you do not need to be a system administrator. Startup protection is somewhat simpler:AnVir Task manager will instantly detect the intruder and ask you to decide what to do with it next.

Every computer needs protection

Browser

To navigate the vastness of the World Wide Web, you can, of course, use standard Internet Explorer, but this is far from the best choice. It cannot be called convenient, functional, or practical, and the presence of much more interesting alternatives leaves the standard Microsoft browser out of work.

Calling for free is now possible

Attention! All of the above is nothing more than the personal opinion of the author. It's possible that your preferences will be quite different, but there's nothing wrong with that. After all, the choice of which programs to install on your computer always remains not with experts, friends, acquaintances or acquaintances, but with you.

Immediately after installing Windows XP, in the absence of any additional applications, the computer can already be used for useful work. The operating system includes standard general-purpose programs, which are simple versions of typical work applications.

Thus, the Notepad text editor is designed for processing simple, unformatted texts. The techniques used in this program (in particular, methods for editing and highlighting text, working with the clipboard) are absolutely standard and are used without changes in all programs designed to work with texts.

The convenience of the Notepad program lies precisely in its extreme simplicity, which turns out to be very convenient when working with small text documents, especially when you just need to view them without making any changes.

The WordPad word processor is a more sophisticated word processing program. It allows you not only to enter and edit text, but also to format it, that is, to set its appearance and placement on the page. The techniques used in WordPad are also standard and can be used in other, more powerful word processors. Another important feature of WordPad is the availability of tools for creating combined documents. Formatted WordPad documents can include graphics, media, and many other inserts. These elements can be created directly when editing a combined document or taken ready-made from a file created earlier. Insertable elements can be resized, scaled, or deleted.

The Calculator program is a computer version of a typical desktop calculator. It can work in two modes. In the first mode, only four basic arithmetic operations are available, in the second - many functions for scientific and engineering calculations. In addition, in the engineering mode, it is also possible to determine the order of calculations using parentheses, perform bitwise logical operations on integers, as well as statistical calculations. The Windows XP operating system includes a special program for viewing images. It is intended primarily for viewing images, but also allows you to work with multi-page files, such as faxes. Working with multi-page documents, as well as annotating documents, relies on the use of the graphic format. TIFF, which allows you to store several graphic pages in one document, as well as overlay graphic and text npi marks on the drawing, keeping the original intact.

Another standard Windows XP program, the graphics editor Paint, is designed for creating raster images. The created drawing can be saved in the standard Windows Bitmap format, as well as in TIFF format or in the GIF, JPEG and PNG formats accepted on the Internet. Drawing is carried out by using tools located on a special panel. The Paint graphic editor allows you to draw lines, straight and curved, draw closed shapes, and select the colors used when drawing. To compose a picture from individual fragments, the Paini in program uses the clipboard in the same way as it does in more powerful graphic editors.

What are general purpose standard programs?

Standard general purpose programs are programs (applications) that are part of the operating system! ifi systems, but intended not to ensure the functionality of the computer, but for practical work, that is, for preparing and viewing documents and performing other work operations. The presence of such programs in the operating system allows the computer to be usefully used, even if there is nothing on it except the operating system.

What standard general-purpose programs are included in Windows XP?

Standard general-purpose programs in the WindowsXP operating system are located in the Accessories submenu of the Main Menu (Start > Programs > Accessories). There are four such programs: Notepad (text editor), WordPad (text process.r), Calculator (computer version of a desktop calculator), faint (graphics editor). By purpose, they are also complemented by a program for viewing images, also included in Windows XP. Oh and is not available through the Main Menu, as it always requires specifying the name of the file being viewed.

When installing software, we already have a standard list of programs. And for the average user they seemed to be enough to work on a laptop. But there are also programs that we install on our PC and recommend them to our family and friends. After all, thanks to them you can expand the capabilities of your computer, and it’s much easier to work with them. The website has prepared for you a list of standard programs that every user should have on their computer.

Standard PC software

Absolutely any new computer already has many programs. You can see which programs are installed on your computer by going to the Start menu. Click “Start”, “All Programs”. There are both standard and additional installed programs.

By going to the “Standard” menu item, you will see a huge number of programs. You most likely will not use all the programs, but many of them will be useful to you. What are standard programs anyway? Standard programs are those programs that are needed for practical use by the user, and not for the functionality of the computer. Let's look at some of them, namely:

• Paint;
• Notebook;
• Sound recording;
• Calculator;
• Program "Special opportunities".

Now about each standard program in a little more detail.

Paint program is a graphic editor. This program is standard on any PC. To open it, you need to go to the “Start” menu, “All Programs”, “Accessories”, “Paint”. There you can draw and edit pictures, insert text into pictures, insert photographs and sign something on them or draw on them. First of all, children love her. But adults are sometimes not averse to using this program.

Notebook. Enter it in the same way as in Paint. It is used to write text files and edit them. In principle, the purpose of a notepad on a computer is the same as in life. WordPad. Used to create, edit, and format texts. This program is very similar to Microsoft Office and can completely replace it.

Sound recording. The name of the program speaks for itself. We can say that this is a voice recorder. Turn on the program and write down everything you need. After that, save it on your computer.

Calculator. The application is the same as in life - a product of various calculations.

Accessibility Program includes several programs designed specifically for people with disabilities.

Also on any computer there are standard games. This is the well-known “Spider Solitaire”, “Hearts”, “Klondike”, “Solitaire” and others. The games, although simple, are nevertheless quite interesting and exciting.

All standard programs on a computer are quite useful and quite easy to use. Anyone can master these programs. Even if you just purchased a computer and there is nothing on it except standard programs, you will not be bored, and you will find something to do with yourself! We wish you success in mastering PC programs! Have a great time!

List of necessary programs for your computer

But in addition to the standard programs that are installed on the computer, any user will need other programs that help with study, work, are designed to protect the computer, communicate with friends, family, partners and colleagues. The website has compiled for you a basic list of programs that should be on your computer. Namely:

• Archiver - WinRaR,7-Zip or WinZip. You will need these programs if you often exchange information with friends and download a lot of information from the Internet. The archiver converts the file and as a result it takes up less space.
• PDF reader - Adobe Reader. If you like to read, but you can’t afford books in the store, then feel free to download a book on the Internet and you can open it thanks to this program.
• A program for working with office documents - Microsoft Office (Word, PowerPoint, Excel). This program is very necessary for schoolchildren, students who write a lot of essays, term papers, dissertations, as well as for those who constantly work at the computer. With PowerPoint, you can make a beautiful presentation quickly and easily. And in Excel you can make a table and quickly calculate all the necessary data.
• Programs for communicating on the Internet - Skype and ICQ. Many of us need to be constantly connected. And thanks to these programs, you can contact your family, friends, and partners at any time. The main thing is a stable Internet connection.
• Web browsers - Mozilla Firefox, Opera and Google Chrome. You will need them to surf the Internet, browse the Internet, download files, etc.
• Free antiviruses - Avast, Kaspersky Anti-Virus, nod32 and many others. These are computer security programs. They will protect your computer from viruses and help avoid hacker attacks.
• Multimedia player, video and audio player - VLC Media Player. If you like to watch movies and TV series on your computer, then you will need such a program. AIMP you will need this player so that you can enjoy music every day. This is the best choice for true music lovers.
• Optimizing and cleaning your computer - CCleaner. After some time, a lot of garbage and unnecessary files accumulate on the computer. You can clean and speed up your computer using this program.

Here is a small list of the most necessary programs for a computer. By installing them on your computer, you can quickly work on your computer, protect it from various viruses, watch your favorite movies, listen to music and work with pleasure. We hope this list of programs will definitely help you in working on your computer.

Introduction………………………………………………………………………………..2

1. Main application programs…………………………………………………………….3

2. Standard programs of the Windows operating system………………….4

2.1. Notepad………………………………………………………………….4

2.2. Calculator……………………………………………………………......5

2.3. WordPad text editor……………………………………………………5

2.4. Graphic editor Paint………………………………………………………..6

3. Description of the Microsoft Office package………………………………………………………8

3.1. Large application programs………………………………………….9

3.2. Helper programs……………………………………………...10

Introduction

Application- a set of interrelated programs for creating and modifying objects (documents), as well as for managing objects of a certain type.

All programs can be divided into two groups - standard (or built-in) and additional.

Standard Windows operating system programs

Standard programs are part of the Windows operating system itself (WordPad text editor, Paint graphics editor, virtual calculator and much more). They are very diverse and allow you to work with texts, images, music and sounds, scan, print and even play, as well as test your computer and optimize its operation.

Additional programs - These are those programs that are purchased and installed independently, in addition to the standard Windows package.

To enter the standard programs, run the command Start/Programs/Accessories, and then specify the name of the desired program:

Paint Word Pad The address book Notebook Calculator Command line

STANDARD

Synchronization Conductor Program Compatibility Wizard

Program Notebook is a fairly simple text editor for working with small files (up to 40 KB), usually in the format *.txt. Text editor - a program designed for creating, editing and viewing text documents. Text editor Notepad takes up little RAM, and therefore it is convenient to use for making short notes, notes, editing batch files, as well as for exchanging text fragments between separate applications using the clipboard. Notepad provides limited means for document design; For example, in this program you cannot use different fonts for individual parts of a text document, but you can change the font type, size and style throughout the entire document. Save a Notepad document, like a document of any other Windows application, can be accessed using the menu command FILE = Save or FILE = Save as. The Notepad program is convenient to use for logging records with automatic indication of the date of their creation.

Calculator

The Windows calculator is used to perform relatively simple calculations and works much the same as a regular pocket calculator. The Windows calculator has memory for storing intermediate calculation results. There are two calculator options on Windows: Normal and Engineering. Switching between these modes is done using menu commands VIEW in the program window Calculator .

Engineering The calculator, in addition, allows you to calculate standard mathematical functions and perform quite complex, for example statistical, calculations. The results of the calculator's calculations can be copied to the Clipboard. In addition, you can paste numerical data from the clipboard into the display line of the calculator for use in subsequent calculations using the calculator. You can perform calculations using the mouse by clicking on the corresponding buttons on the calculator panel - numbers, operators, etc., or using the keyboard by pressing the keys that coincide with the calculator buttons shown on the screen. Detailed information about all the functions of conventional and engineering calculators can be obtained using the item "?" in the horizontal menu bar of the calculator window.

WordPad word processor

WordPad program is a modern, relatively simple word processor. The WordPad word processor has many more features than the Notepad editor. WordPad replaces the Write editor that was included with earlier versions of Windows. Word processors, in addition to performing the main functions of text editors for creating and editing text documents, perform another function - formatting documents. Formatting is the processing of documents using several font sets, using text alignment methods, embedding objects of a different nature, such as drawings, into a text document, as well as controlling the flow of text around graphics.

The WordPad program supports the technology of inserting and embedding objects, and when exchanging data between WordPad applications it can be like server(source) and client(receiver). Although WordPad is notably inferior to the more powerful word processor Word, it can be widely used for creating documents containing formatted text, clipboard-pasted graphics, spreadsheets, and charts created in Excel. In addition, WordPad allows you to develop presentations with multimedia elements, including connecting audio, showing slides and even small videos.

The program allows you to set automatic word hyphenation, drag selected fragments in a document with the mouse, use context menus, provides a variety of options for formatting text and improving the appearance of the document, for example, the ability to set not only the font type and size, but also the color of any character or an entire piece of text etc. WordPad allows you to open and save files in three main formats:

1 in text format MS DOS- no formatting;

2 in tbext format RTF- with individual formatting elements;

3 in format Word 6.0- with a wide range of formatting elements. WordPad also allows you to open .wri files, documents created in the legacy Windows Write text editor. The WordPad word processor and the Paint program discussed below are single-window applications.

Graphic editor Paint

Program Paint- a relatively simple graphic editor that is included with Windows 95/98 and Windows NT. The Paint program allows you to create and edit arbitrary drawings, diagrams, drawings, diagrams, inscriptions, insert and edit ready-made objects created in other applications. Objects created in Paint can be saved as desktop wallpaper. Paint is an editor raster type: a graphic image in it is built from individual points - pixels. In addition to raster editors, graphic editors are also used to create graphic objects vector type. Vector images exist in the form of a set of mathematical formulas (graphic primitives) that describe the individual elements of the drawing. Vector graphics are easily scaled without loss of image quality, whereas when a raster image is enlarged, the outlines can take on a rough step-like character due to the increase in the size of the pixels that make it up. Vector-type editors include a graphic editor built into Microsoft Office applications (Word, Excel), Corel DRAW! etc. Some programs, for example Adobe Photoshop, when processing images, they allow you to combine raster and vector methods.

Drawings created in Paint can be:

1 save as files of various formats (see below);

2 print (using the menu command FILE= Print);

3 insert into documents created using other applications, such as Word-Pad, Word, Excel, etc.;

4 use as Windows wallpaper (background for the desktop surface) - using the appropriate menu commands FILE .

Drawings can be saved in one of four formats (*.bmp):

in the form of a black and white image;

as a 16-color drawing. This format has an extremely limited color gamut, but the file takes up little disk space;

in the form of a 256-color drawing. The file takes up twice as much disk space as if saved in 16-color format;

as a 24-bit image. This format provides the highest color quality, but the files take up a lot of disk space. You can learn more about drawing techniques, the purpose and capabilities of individual graphics editor tools using the help subsystem of the Paint program.

The address book

The Address Book is a convenient place to store contact information so you can easily query it from programs such as Outlook, Outlook Express, Internet Explorer, and NetMeeting. Here you can search for people and organizations, create groups of contacts for mail distribution, and send and receive electronic business cards.

To open your address book, click Start and select teams All programs , Standard And The address book .

Using the Command Line

Using the command line

MS-DOS (stands for Microsoft Disk Operating System) is a command line operating system used on personal computers. Like other operating systems, such as OS/2, MS-DOS converts keyboard input into commands, organizes actions such as writing and reading from disks, displaying, keyboard control, and many other internal operations that enable programs and file organization.

MS-DOS commands are entered in the Command Prompt window. To end the MS-DOS session, enter exit in the command line window at the position of the flickering cursor.

MS-DOS mode is a shell that emulates the MS-DOS environment on 32-bit systems such as Windows. MS-DOS programs can run under Windows and also create a program description file (PIF) that appears as a shortcut on the desktop.

Synchronization

To sync offline items:

1.Start Synchronization Manager.

2. Select the check boxes next to the offline items you want to synchronize, such as next to a mapped network drive or a web page that is accessible offline in Internet Explorer.

3.Press the button Synchronization .

Program Compatibility Wizard

Using this wizard, you can configure compatibility settings that can solve problems with programs that worked correctly in previous versions of Windows. Warning: We do not recommend using this wizard for older antivirus programs, backup programs, or system programs.

Description of the entertainment software package

"Volume"

Use the volume control to adjust the volume, balance, and tone of sounds played through your computer or media applications. In addition, the volume control can be used to adjust the level of system sounds, microphones, CDs, line input, synthesizer and wave output.

"Sound recording"

The Sound Recorder program is used to record, overdub, play and edit sound recordings. In addition, audio recordings can be linked to or inserted into other documents.

Windows Media Player

With Windows Media Player, you can play CDs and DVDs, create your own CDs, listen to radio broadcasts on the Internet, play movie clips or browse music videos on the Web, find and organize digital media files, and copy files to a portable device. You can use Windows Media Player to play various types of audio and video files.

Description of the composition of the communications software package

To select the desired program, run the following command:

"Network connections"

The Network Connections component connects your local computer to the Internet, local network, or another computer. This tool allows you to access network resources and functionality regardless of how the user is connected to the network - directly or through remote access services. Operations for creating, configuring, saving connections and monitoring them are performed in the “Network Connections” folder.

"New Connection Wizard"

endofformbeginningofformSpecial New connection wizard Helps you create Internet connections using a dial-up modem, ISDN adapter, DSL line, or cable modem. Using this wizard, you can create inbound connections, direct connections, and virtual private network (VPN) connections. If a network adapter is installed on your computer, a local network connection is automatically created.

"Remote Desktop Connection"

Remote Desktop Connection makes it easy to connect to a terminal server or other computer running Windows. All that is needed is network access and permission to connect to another computer. If necessary, it is possible to specify the parameters of each connection and save them in a file for later use

Description of the composition of the "utility" software package

"character tables"

A character table is used to insert special characters into documents, such as a trademark, mathematical symbols, or characters from character sets of other languages.

end of form start of form Using the Personal Symbol Editor

The Personal Character Editor is used to create unique letters and logos for your font library.

Using Windows Media Player

Using the Public Folders feature

The Public Folders component contains the following three categories.

· Resources: Shared folders on this computer.

· Sessions: User connections to this computer.

· Open files: Files on this computer that are currently open by users.

The Shared Folders component allows you to create, view shared files and folders, and set permissions to access them.

To open the Public Folders feature, follow these steps:

1.Open the Computer Management (local) node.

2.In the console tree, click the component "Shared Folders"

General information about the control panel

Control Panel contains customization tools that you can use to change the appearance and characteristics of various Windows components.

Some of these tools let you choose options that make using your computer more fun. For example, the Mouse component allows you to replace standard mouse pointers with animated icons that move around the screen, and the Sounds and Audio Devices component allows you to replace standard system sounds with sounds of your choice. Other components help you customize Windows to make your computer easier to manage. For example, a left-handed person can use the Mouse component to switch mouse buttons so that they can perform basic selecting and dragging operations using the right button.

To open the control panel, click the button Start and select a team Control Panel. If the classic menu style is selected Start, press the button Start, point to the command Settings and select Control Panel .

When you first open Control Panel, it will display your most frequently used items, grouped by category. To learn more about Control Panel items in Category view, hover over a category icon or name and read the tooltip text. To open an item, click its icon or category name. Some of these items open a list of tasks that the user can perform and also allow you to select individual Control Panel components. For example, if you select a category Design and themes, a list of tasks opens, such as Selecting a screen saver, along with individual control panel components.

If you don't see the feature you want when you open Control Panel, select Switch to classic view. To open a component, double-click its icon. To learn more about Control Panel items in Classic View, hover over the icon and read the tooltip text.

For more information about any item in Control Panel, select Help and Support.

Utilities

Using the Backup Program

The backup utility helps you create a copy of your data on your hard drive. If your original data is accidentally deleted, replaced, or becomes inaccessible due to hard drive failure, you can use a backup to restore it.

Using Disk Defragmenter

Some tasks may require you to log in as an Administrator or a member of the Administrators group.

Defragmentation software consolidates fragmented files and folders on your computer's hard drive so that each file or folder on the volume occupies a single, contiguous space. As a result, files and folders are accessed more efficiently. By merging individual pieces of files and folders, defragmentation software also consolidates free disk space into a single unit, making new files less likely to fragment.

Disk defragmentation can also be started from the command line using the defrag command.

Understanding Scheduled Tasks

Using the Task Scheduler, you can schedule a script to run, a program to run, or a document to be opened at the most convenient time. The Task Scheduler starts every time you start Windows XP and runs in the background.

The Task Scheduler allows you to:

· assign a task to be executed daily, weekly, monthly or at certain moments (for example, when the system starts);

· change the schedule for a task;

· stop performing the assigned task;

· configure the task launch mode at the appointed time.

end of form start of form Working with the System Information component

The System Information component collects and displays system configuration information. Technical support staff require certain information about your computer to troubleshoot system problems. The System Information component allows you to quickly find the information you need.

Using the Files and Settings Transfer Wizard

The Files and Settings Transfer Wizard helps you move data files and personal settings from your old computer to a new computer without having to repeat the setup steps you performed on your old computer on the new computer. For example, you can transfer personal screen properties, folder and taskbar settings, Internet browser settings, and email settings from your old computer to your new one. This wizard also moves some files or entire folders, such as My Documents, My Pictures, and Favorites. When you move program properties using the File Transfer Wizard, passwords are not transferred. This functionality of the Files and Settings Transfer Wizard helps you maintain the confidentiality of your passwords.

It is recommended that you install an antivirus program on your new computer before moving files from your old computer. This will help protect your new computer from viruses that may be contained in files transferred from your old computer.

Accessibility

Accessibility Wizard

The Accessibility Wizard guides you through the process of customizing your computer to suit your individual needs. Accessibility modes (such as Sticky Keys, closed captioning, and keyboard pointer control) help users with physical disabilities use their computers fully. Some of these features, such as keyboard pointer control, may be of interest to a wider range of users. Once accessibility features have been configured, they are accessed through the control panel and menus Special abilities .

Understanding the On-Screen Keyboard

On-screen keyboard is an application that displays a virtual keyboard on the screen and allows people with limited mobility to type on the screen using a mouse pointer or joystick. The on-screen keyboard is designed to make it easier for people with limited mobility.

The on-screen keyboard supports three data input modes.

· Mouse button mode, in which you click selected keys with the mouse button.

· Scanning mode, in which areas on the on-screen keyboard are highlighted in which you can enter characters by pressing a key combination or using a push-button input device.

· Waiting mode, in which during the waiting time the character is highlighted by the mouse pointer or joystick and after this time is printed automatically.

The on-screen keyboard also provides the following options:

· Display the extended keyboard with a numeric section or display the standard keyboard without a numeric section.

· Display the normal keyboard layout or the block layout, which groups the keys into rectangular blocks. The block keyboard layout is convenient in scanning mode.

· Displays the standard keyboard (101 keys), the universal keyboard (102 keys), or the keyboard with additional Japanese characters (106 keys).

· Using the mode Audio confirmation to provide a sound confirmation when a key is selected.

· Using the mode On top of other windows to keep the on-screen keyboard on the screen when switching between programs or windows.

Understanding Magnifier

Screen Magnifier makes it easier for people with visual impairments to use the screen. It displays a separate window in which an enlarged part of the screen is displayed. It's also easy to change the color scheme of the magnifying window to make it easier to see. You can move or resize the Magnifier window, or drag it to the edge of the screen and dock it there. A screen magnifier will certainly come in handy for people with low vision.

When using Screen Magnifier, you can do the following:

· change the degree of magnification;

· resize the magnifying glass window;

· change the position of the magnifying glass window on the desktop;

· reverse screen colors.

In addition, the magnifier has a number of tracking parameters providing the following modes:

· following the movements of the mouse pointer across the screen;

· following input focus (cursor position);

· follow text input.

When the Magnifier window is open, you can right-click it to change Magnifier settings or exit the program.

end of form start of form Understanding the Utility Manager

The Utility Manager allows you to check the status of accessibility programs, as well as start and stop them. Users with administrator level access can set programs to run when Utility Manager starts. Users can also launch utility programs before logging on to the computer by pressing the Windows key + UEndFormStartForm on the Welcome screen.

Using Utility Manager, you can set Windows to automatically launch accessibility programs whenever you log on, pin items on your desktop, or launch Utility Manager. For example, you can specify that Magnifier should start automatically when you log in. This will allow you to skip all the steps to open Magnifier every time you log in.

The built-in programs available from the Utility Manager are Magnifier, Narrator, and On-Screen Keyboard. Narrator runs when you start Utility Manager. This provides users with total or partial vision loss immediate access to the Utility Manager.

Conclusion

Today, almost every computer user needs general-purpose applications, which include: text and graphics editors, spreadsheets, database management systems, and applications for creating multimedia presentations. The most common general purpose application package today is Microsoft Office.

It is simply impossible to imagine modern life without modern technology. No company can do without the help of computers. Storing data, writing documents, drawing up graphs, tables, schedules, creating presentations - the computer helps us with all this, and helps us successfully.

We briefly looked at a standard Windows application, which consists of a Word text editor, an Excel spreadsheet, a PowerPoint presentation program and an Access database with which you can achieve all of the above.

Bibliography.

1. Alexander Starshinin Microsoft Office at a glance., St. Petersburg, 2003.

2. A. Levin. Self-instruction manual for useful programs. – M.: “Knowledge”, 2000. – 496 p., ill.

3. Volkov V.I. "A clear tutorial on how to work in Windows." Publishing house "Peter", St. Petersburg. 2001

4. Ed Bott Microsoft XP., BINOM, Moscow, 2003.