Founder of Google. Google company: history of creation
mobile version Google Docs received a text editing function.
Company Google Inc. founded in 1998 (date of registration - September 4, 1998) by Sergey Brin and Larry Page. Brin and Page met at Stanford University and began working together on a project that later became Google. According to the company's founders, "Google's mission is to organize the world's information and make it accessible and useful to everyone."
Today the company has more than ten thousand employees worldwide. Brin is President of Technology and Page is President of Products.
Eric Schmidt, chairman and chief executive officer, joined Google from Novell in 2001. Under his leadership, Google significantly expanded its infrastructure and product portfolio. His extensive work experience has prepared him well to lead the development of user-centric technology solutions. Together with the company's founders and other members of the management team, Schmidt is responsible for the company's technical and business strategies.
Google's headquarters are located at 1600 Amphitheater Parkway, Mountain View, CA 94043.
One of the most important areas of the company’s activities is the delivery of search results (and other information) in real time.
In addition to the search engine, Google provides users with various online services. Among the most popular are Gmail, Google Docs, Google Maps and others.
The company owns a popular video hosting service YouTube and the online photo editor Picasa, which allows you to process photos and create web albums from them.
Postal Google service with virtually unlimited message storage space, internal search and a smart anti-spam system. It has a standard mode and a basic HTML version, which switches to automatically when logging into Gmail using a browser that is not fully supported.
Google Docs
Online application for remote collaboration on documents. Google Docs lets you add documents Microsoft Word, OpenOffice, RTF, HTML or plain text files, create documents from scratch, as well as upload your own Internet documents; edit documents online simultaneously with any users you choose and invite other people to view those documents; publish documents on the Internet; Send documents via email as attachments.
Google Docs also allows you to work with tables, presentations and illustrations.
Google Maps
A Google service that offers user-friendly map search technology and local business information including address, contact information and driving directions. You can work with maps in three display options: satellite photographs, schematic maps, and a hybrid of the first two maps. Searching for a point by latitude and longitude is supported.
The service also includes the Google Traffic service, Google Places, mobile versions of maps, a custom map designer, etc. WITH using Google Street View allows you to explore panoramic 3D images of various locations around the world.
Google Earth
Google Earth is a client installed on the user's computer. It lets you travel the world using a virtual globe and view satellite photos, maps, landscapes, 3D buildings and more. Google Earth also allows you to virtually explore the sky, dive into the ocean, walk on the Moon and fly to Mars.
What is Google?
A googol is a mathematical term for one followed by 100 zeros. The term was coined by Milton Sirotta, nephew of the American mathematician Edward Kasner, and was first described in the book Mathematics and the Imagination by Kasner and James Newman.
The material was prepared based on information from the official website
The Google story begins in 1995 at Stanford University. Larry Page was considering Stanford for grad school and Sergey Brin, a student there, was assigned to show him around.
By some accounts, they disagreed about nearly everything during that first meeting, but by the following year they struck a partnership. Working from their dorm rooms, they built a search engine that used links to determine the importance of individual pages on the World Wide Web. They called this search engine Backrub.
Soon after, Backrub was renamed by Google (phew). The name was a play on the mathematical expression for the number 1 followed by 100 zeros and aptly reflected Larry and Sergey"s mission “to organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful.”
Over the next few years, Google caught the attention of not only the academic community, but Silicon Valley investors as well. In August 1998, Sun co-founder Andy Bechtolsheim wrote Larry and Sergey a check for $100,000, and Google Inc. was officially born. With this investment, the newly incorporated team made the upgrade from the dorms to their first office: a garage in suburban Menlo Park, California, owned by Susan Wojcicki (employee #16 and now CEO of YouTube). Clunky desktop computers, a ping pong table, and bright blue carpet set the scene for those early days and late nights. (The tradition of keeping things continues to this day.)
Even in the beginning, things were unconventional: from Google’s initial server (made of Lego) to the first “Doodle” in 1998: a stick figure in the logo announcing to site visitors that the entire staff was playing hooky at the Burning Man Festival. “Don't be evil” and “ The ten things we know to be true” captured the spirit of our intentionally unconventional methods. In the years that followed, the company expanded rapidly - hiring engineers, building a sales team, and introducing the first company dog, Yoshka. Google outgrew the garage and eventually moved to its current headquarters (a.k.a. “The Googleplex”) in Mountain View, California. The spirit of doing things differently made the move. So did Yoshka.
The relentless search for better answers continues to be at the core of everything we do. Today, with more than 60,000 employees in 50 different countries, Google makes hundreds of products used by billions of people across the globe, from YouTube and Android to Smartbox and, of course, Google Search. Although we’ve ditched the Lego servers and added just a few more company dogs, our passion for building technology for everyone has stayed with us - from the dorm room, to the garage, and to this very day.
Rusbase invites readers to take a look at the story of two Stanford students - Larry Page and Sergey Brin - who together created a website that changed the world.
Hot-tempered acquaintance
In the summer of 1995, 22-year-old Larry Page visited Stanford to enroll in graduate school in computer science. His tour guide turned out to be Sergei Brin, a 21-year-old mathematical genius who had already received a graduate degree. Despite common interests, Brin and Page did not like each other the first time - their acquaintance began with heated arguments.
Later, in an interview with Wired magazine, Page admitted that Sergei seemed to him to be a rather hot-tempered person: “He spoke sharply on many topics.”
Brin also felt mutual hostility upon meeting, but drew attention to something else: “The disagreements were not that serious. In fact, we spent a lot of time talking to each other, which was saying something."
What if it's not Google?
Page was accepted into Stanford. By 1996, he and Brin had become best friends and were developing a project called Backrub. The guys wanted to study in detail the process of moving to web pages using links. They soon realized that the best way to improve web search was to help people find the sites they were looking for through an incoming link, as long as it was safe for the user.
Today it is hard to believe that Brin and Page, wanting to successfully complete their graduate studies, were ready to sell their ideas and developments to another company. The guys tried to cooperate with Yahoo!, Infoseek, Lycos, AltaVist, but entered into negotiations only with Excite.
Paige: “There were a lot of offers, but for little money. So we gave up and returned to Stanford to continue our development.”
Where did the name Google come from?
Failed deals prompted Brin and Page to create their own company. The name Backrub was not suitable for such purposes. Starting from Whatbox, they were inspired by the term "googol", which means a number with a hundred zeros.
To make the name easier to remember and type, Page changed several letters. Thus, in 1997, Google.com was born.
The word “google” turned out to be easier to pronounce than “back up” or “votbox”.
How Playboy almost deprived Google of its place on the stock exchange
After Google filed its securities registration documents with the SEC, the law required them to conduct only “normal business activities and provide only financial information” until the commission deemed the filing “effective.” In finance, this condition is called a “waiting period.” His idea is for investors to make stock buying decisions based on bare facts and numbers. If there is no unnecessary and distorted information about the company, then there are no unjustifiably inflated share prices.
However, long before this “lower-water-quieter-grass period,” Brin and Page managed to give an interview to Playboy magazine, the release of which coincided with the time they were waiting for registration. The SEC could well consider the interview a violation of the conditions, could withdraw the application for publicity and deny the IPO. In order to be on the safe side and not conflict with SEC rules, Google sent them a prospectus with the full version of the Playboy interview attached.
The Playboy article was uncontroversial but provided interesting material, as do most articles with a photo on the cover.
Disregarding the wisdom of Steve Jobs
Both before and after its IPO, Google had the desire and ability to expand as needed. Expansion attempts included the launch of Gmail, the creation of Google Maps, the digitization of books, the purchase of an operating Android systems and YouTube. In 2011, the company launched Google+. Of course, some projects were more successful, others less.
Page had to argue with Steve Jobs, who believed that Google was grabbing at everything. Brin answered in this regard: “We invest in all companies that are potentially profitable for us. I understand that this is risky, you can miscalculate a thousand times, because only some of the projects pay off. But the more bets, the greater the chances.”
Second face of Sergei Brin - Batman
Today, Brin and Page's collaboration continues to go from strength to strength. In 2011, Page became the company's CEO. However, the company's co-founders unanimously decided to remain "under the wing" of the head of the board of directors, Eric Schmidt.
As for Brin, he enjoys overseeing special projects at Google X, a top-secret research laboratory. Like Batman, he sits in the latest technological stronghold, but only in reality.
Brin has already released Google Glass and is preparing a second version of the glasses. He also hopes to "revolutionize the world's transportation system" with self-driving cars. And like James Bond, another character in love with technology, Brin is caught in his own love triangle. In 2013, he was forced to separate from his wife Anne Wojcicki due to an affair with Google Glass marketer Amanda Rosenberg.
The future of Google: robots and artificial intelligence
Despite all the achievements, Page and Brin still want to create something more. They have invested heavily in artificial intelligence. Brin is confident that one day they will be able to create intelligent machines that will think and act better than humans.
Based on the success of the company's previous moves, people may need to be prepared for the coming of Google's robot overlords.
Found a typo? Select the text and press Ctrl + Enter
| Google LLC. | |
|---|---|
|
|
| Type | Public company |
| Exchange listing | NASDAQ: GOOG |
| Base | 4 September |
| Founders | Sergey Brin And Larry Page |
| Location | USA USA: Mountain View, California |
| Key figures | Larry Page - founder Sergey Brin - founder Sundar Pichai - CEO |
| Industry | Internet |
| Products | see List of Google services and tools |
| Equity | ▲ $92.137 billion (2017) |
| Turnover | ▼ $59.097 billion (2017) |
| Operating profit | ▼ $14.242 billion (2017) |
| Net profit | ▲ $14.842 billion (2017) |
| Assets | ▲ $131.133 billion (2014) |
| Number of employees | ▲ 85,050 (Q1 2018) |
| Parent company | Alphabet Inc. |
| Affiliated companies | YouTube, DoubleClick, On2 Technologies, Google Voice, Picnik, Aardvark, AdMob |
| Website | google.com(English) |
| Google on Wikimedia Commons | |
Google operates more than a million servers in data centers around the world and processes more than one billion search queries and 24 petabytes of user data every day. Google's rapid growth since its founding has led to the emergence of large number products not directly related to the company's main product - a search engine. Google has online products such as the Gmail email service, social network Google+. The company also has desktop products such as the Google Chrome browser, the photo program Picasa and the instant messaging program Hangouts. In addition, Google is developing a mobile operating system Android, used on a large number of smartphones, as well as the Google Chrome OS operating system and Google Glass devices. According to Alexa, Google's main site - google.com - is the most visited site on the Internet, and numerous international Google sites (google.co.in, google.co.uk, etc.) are in the top hundred in terms of traffic, as are Several other Google service sites are YouTube, Blogger and Orkut. In May 2011, the number of unique monthly visitors to Google websites exceeded 1 billion for the first time.
According to BrandZ, Google is the most powerful brand in the world, and according to Brand-Finance, the most valuable brand in the world in 2011. In 2011, Google was recognized as the company with the best reputation in the United States, ahead of Microsoft, Sony and other companies. The dominant position of Google's services in the market has led to criticism of the company over issues of privacy, copyright and censorship.
On April 23, 2018, 118 out of 1002 known IP addresses used by Google services were blocked in Russia. The domains google.com, google.ru, YouTube services, reCAPTCHA and AdSense have become unavailable to users in different parts of Russia.
Story
Management
In July 2001, at the invitation of the company's founders, Eric Schmidt took over the positions of Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer of Google.
On April 4, 2011, Larry Page became chief executive officer. Eric Schmidt remains chairman of the board of directors of Google.
As of June 20, 2010, Page, Brin and Eric Schmidt owned approximately 91% of the Class B shares, which collectively provide holders with 68% of the voting power. The triumvirate has a decisive influence in resolving all issues within the competence of shareholders.
In 2015, as a result of the reorganization of Google and the creation of the Alphabet holding company, Sundar Pichai became the CEO of the company.
Shareholders
Corporate culture
In 2013, Google topped Fortune's annual list of the 100 Best Employers in the United States for the fourth time.
Google had a “20 percent” program, under which engineers could spend 20% of their time on projects that were not part of their job responsibilities. However, since 2011, the company has embarked on a path to becoming as efficient as possible and has abandoned this program.
Hiring
When hiring new employees, they are assessed, among other things, for their ability to work in the existing corporate culture, in particular in a flat organizational structure and a rapidly changing environment. The successful candidate must be talented, creative and passionate, ethical, open-minded and able to impress without a business suit.
Millions of resumes submitted online are first processed automatically, identifying those who could potentially be a good fit for the company.
In an effort to attract talent, the company hosts a Google Code Jam tournament among college students. At this tournament, programmers compete in solving problems against the clock. The 15 finalists are invited to Google headquarters for the final round.
In January 2018, former Technical Specialist James Damore filed a lawsuit accusing Google of discriminating against employees based on skin color and political views. James Damore himself was fired after making allegations of gender inequality.
Project "Oxygen"
Google spent two years conducting a large-scale study called Project Oxygen, the goal of which was to develop its own model of a good leader. As a result, the following were published in March 2011 the most important qualities good leader according to Google:
Services and tools
Charity
In 2004, Google created a non-profit charitable offshoot - Google.org (Google Foundation), with a start-up capital of about $1 billion. The main activities of this organization are to inform society and help solve problems in the areas of climate change, global health and poverty. One of his first projects is work in the field of hybrid and electric vehicles.
In 2007, Google became a sponsor and active participant in several gay pride parades in San Francisco, New York, Dublin and Madrid.
In 2008, Google introduced the “10^100 Project,” in which everyone can propose ideas and then jointly choose the one that will change the world and help as many people as possible. At the start of voting, more than 150 thousand ideas were proposed from people from 170 countries. 16 groups of ideas took part in the voting, from which up to 5 were selected, to help in the implementation of which Google allocated $10 million.
Google and society
Violation of the right to privacy
Google first began having problems with human rights violations in 2005. When creating Google Earth maps, images of the roof of the American White House were used, which poses a threat to national security U.S.A . The American public was deeply outraged that potential terrorists were given a chance to closely examine the White House rooftop defense systems.
The next high-profile scandal associated with Google was a lawsuit against this company by the American Boring family from Pennsylvania. In 2008, the Boring couple accused Google of violating their privacy. In creating global urban virtual cards Google Street View images of the couple's home and pool were used. The Borings immediately filed a lawsuit and demanded $25,000 from Google as compensation for moral damages. However, their first claim was not satisfied. However, the litigation continued, and in 2010, the Borings received compensation from the company in the amount of $1. However, Google representatives said: "Unfortunately, absolute confidentiality in modern world does not exist, because there are images from satellites that take pictures of everything, not paying attention to the signs “private territory.” However, the company’s specialists can remove images from their server if they are asked to do so privately.
The American National Law and Policy Center (NLPC) also spoke out against Google. As proof of the service's violation of private rights, members of the center provided information about one of Google's executives, collected using the company's services in less than half an hour - images of his house, license plates of cars parked near him, the name of a company engaged in landscaping his territory, and even the name of a security company , whose clients are his neighbors.
Due to the large number of claims against the company, Eric Schmidt stated in 2009: “If you don’t want anyone to find out unnecessary information about you, then first of all, don’t do anything reprehensible. […] In fact, search engines, including Google, retain this information for a period of time.We are all subject to the authorities of the United States, so it is possible that we may have to disclose information to government officials.
In 2010, a new scandal involving Google received great public attention. It became known that while working on the Street View service, the company scanned the IP addresses and passwords of citizens. While filming streets and squares different cities from special cars equipped with video cameras, Google specialists also scanned the wireless signal Wi-Fi networks. As a result, the company received passwords and other confidential information necessary to log into email individuals and legal entities. Google representatives agreed that they made a big mistake, thus violating the right to privacy, and apologized. However, they stated that they were not aware of the problem until the German authorities approached them with complaints in this regard. Google experts assured that the private information received was not used in the search engine.
In the summer of 2013, thanks to former American intelligence officer Edward Snowden, it became known that the American government was paying Google, Yahoo, Microsoft and Facebook millions of dollars for disclosing information about Internet users (as part of the PRISM program). The costs, according to the documents, were covered by a division of the National Security Agency known as the Special Sources Division. In response to this, Google's chief lawyer David Drummond posted on the company blog open letter, addressed to the US Attorney General and the Director of the FBI, in which he requested permission to be published in a regular transparency report detailed information about government requests, including requests based on the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA). According to Drummond, responses to these requests did not provide the US government with direct access to user data.
Currently, Google is seriously criticized for human rights violations associated with the implementation of the Google Glass project. Wearing Google glasses is already prohibited in American movie theaters, casinos and strip clubs. Their owners fear that visitors wearing such glasses will record what is happening on video. In addition, the decision to ban glasses may soon be made by American banks and park directorates. Google representatives have not yet commented on this situation.
On August 5, 2014, Google announced law enforcement agencies USA on storage by one of the users of a subsidiary postal service Gmail photographs of children with pornographic content, after which the user was arrested.
Participation in the affairs of foreign countries
Some Google experts took part in the events of the Arab Spring, advocating for democratic values and the protection of human rights. Thus, Google's marketing director for the Middle East and North Africa, Wail Ghonim, advocated the overthrow of the Hosni Mubarak regime in Egypt during the unrest in the country in 2011. He created a page on the social network Facebook, where he condemned the violence against Egyptian citizens by the ruling government and coordinated the actions of the demonstrators. Ghonim described the Egyptian protest movement as a "Facebook revolution" and noted that the Internet played an extremely important role in it.
In addition, shortly after the events of the Arab Spring, Google representatives announced that they were working to facilitate access to the company's information and products in the Middle East and North Africa. In this regard, the goal of the American company is to provide access to even more of its products on Arabic. In 2011, the company launched an Arabic version of Google Voice and Google+ and featured two museums located in Qatar (the Museum of Islamic Art and the Mathaf Arab Museum of Contemporary Art) in the +Art Project, and in 2012 invited the President of Tunisia to speak via the Google+ Hangout On video broadcasting service. Air. Google also has serious complaints against the Chinese leadership in connection with attempts to limit the access of Chinese citizens to information on the Internet.
To google
Due to the popularity of the search engine, a neologism appeared in the English language to google or to Google(analogue in Russian computer slang - google), used to refer to searching for information on the Internet using Google. It is with this definition that the verb is included in the most authoritative dictionaries of the English language -
Hello friends. This is our everything - search engines. Just twenty years ago, the phrases “Google”, “Google can help you” or “search in Yandex” could puzzle any person, but now even small children understand them. Here is the story of the creation of Yandex and Google, the most popular search engines that make our lives easier every day and bring billions to their creators.
The history of Google
Google first appeared in America, namely on the territory of Stanford University, where its founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page met. Their meeting was completely accidental. Larry, along with other students, simply came on an excursion to Stanford University, and his guide turned out to be Sergey Brin. They both had Jewish roots, but unlike Larry, who was Native American, Sergei was from Russia. He moved to America when he was still a schoolboy. Later, a chance meeting and the ensuing conversation grew into a strong friendship.
The idea of creating a good search system came to the guys about a year after they met, when two young graduate students decided to surprise their teachers. They created a search engine called "PageRank". People quickly fell in love with it, surprising them with its quality of information search. It became much easier to find it; in other search engines, the first links to appear were those that contained more keywords, that is, the search for information was carried out by the number of similar words in the text, but the meaning was very poor. When creating his search engine, Larry took the works of scientists as a model. The scheme was as follows - the better the robot was, the more people referred to this scientist. The search engine worked the same way: the better the information, the higher it rose among the links.
Why is Google Google?
In order for the system to work, all that remains is to choose a name. It had to be short and interesting. The creators considered more than fifty names, but after careful selection, Brin and Page finally settled on the term “googol,” which means one to the hundredth power. Thus, already in 1997, students and teachers at Stanford University were able to evaluate all the advantages and disadvantages of the new creation.
Design
Many users fell in love with the search engine precisely because of the simplicity of its design. As it turned out, colored letters on a white background were not the original idea of brilliant programmers. That was all Larry and Sergey had enough money for, let alone hiring designers. They, as they say, did everything “simple and tastefully.”
Heyday
1998 was a turning point in the development of Google. It was then that Google Inc was registered, the first office was rented (in fact, it was an ordinary garage), the first employees were hired and the first check was received from investor - millionaire Andy Bechtolstein for 100 thousand dollars. And then Google moves from office to office, signs a contract with another major American corporation, conquers Sydney and South America and acquires the Blogger publishing service in the USA. The second most important year was 2004, when the stock market first saw stocks successful company, and its founders became billionaires.
Development
Every year, Google is actively developing and coming up with new services and developments. So, the most popular today are Google+ is a social network that was created not so long ago in 2011 so that people could communicate via the Internet.
- Google Docs is a service in which you can store text documents, various presentations and tables.
- Google Drive is a service for storing private information. Each person can store up to 15GB of information and access it from anywhere in the world.
- Gmail – email.
- Maps – geographic Maps. They are convenient because you can calculate the route based on mileage and time.
- Play is a gaming application store.
- Picasa is a service for working with applications.
- News – a collection of news from around the world. They are formed from publication titles and are displayed depending on the user's preferences.
- Google also created its personal browser, Google Chrome, which today is one of the most convenient and frequently used browsers in the world.
History of the creation of Yandex
Do you want to learn how to write articles and make money online? Right now I am recruiting for free training using the author’s methodology. MAKE AN APPOINTMENT WITH PAVL YAMBU
Arkady Volozh - founder of Yandex
Yandex appeared in Russia on September 23, 1997. One of its founders was Russian programmer Arkady Volozh. He wanted to create a system that would be able to find information in large volumes, and, importantly, would take into account the morphology of the language. But this was still a long way off, and Volozh, together with his English teacher, in 1989 created the company CompTek, which sold computers. In the same year, Arkady persistently continued to achieve his goal, therefore, together with another friend Arkady Borkovsky, he created the Arcadia company for the development of search and information systems. In 1993 the two companies merged. At the same time, a program was created to search on a computer’s hard drive.
The mystery of the name
The program needed to be called something, but a suitable name could not be found. We also considered the option of the name “Search”, but since we wanted to show that the system was developed in Russia, it was necessary to introduce an element of the Russian language, and the word search was not understandable to Russian people. The word “Yandex” was suggested by Volozh’s school friend Ilya Segalovich, who later became director of technology. He thought that the word “index” was more in harmony with the Russian language, but since the system was not the first in Russia, the phrase “yet another index” (another indexer) came to his mind. As a result, “Yandex” appeared, and it was decided to replace the first “Ya” with the Russian “Ya”.
Development
In the same year, 1993, the first search dictionary was created, which, as Volozh wanted, took into account the morphology of the Russian language. And the very next year the “Bible Computer Reference Book” was created.
In 1995, they decided to launch the search system on the Internet, but initially it worked only with selected resources, and later with all Russian-speaking ones. The turning point and official birthday of Yandex is September 23, 1997, when search system was exhibited for the first time at the Softool exhibition.
At the time when Yandex appeared on the Internet, it was not the only search engine. Many preferred the same Rambler or Altavista, which was the most popular search engine in Russia at that time. But Yandex was rapidly gaining momentum, and by mid-1999, Yandex brought the owners about 72 thousand dollars. In 2000, the RuNetHolding company invested good money in Yandex, but still had to sell some of the shares. It was then that Yandex became a separate company, with its own structure, budget and management. General Director Arkady Volozh became Yandex company.
In the same year, Yandex expanded its capabilities: Yandex bookmarks, Yandex.mail, and Postcards appeared. The company's staff has also increased. Another significant advance was the emergence of Yandex Bar - specialized software.
All this influenced the fact that already next year Yandex became number one in terms of traffic on the Runet. Yandex continued to develop. Yandex Pictures and Yandex Money appeared. With each subsequent year, Yandex only actively developed and expanded its staff.
Design
Initially, Yandex's design was as simple as Google's. On the main page the name of the search engine was written, as well as examples of queries and a couple of hot news. The design was finalized in several stages. So the second stage was in 1999. Then design home page Yandex has already become a close associate and even looks like the real one. The categories were improved, and windows with mail, advertising, forums, etc. appeared. In 2001, the Yandex main page was improved and was already approaching today's version. The final version of the changes to the main page was the 2003 version, after which the design did not change radically, but was only refined in places.
Thus, Google and Yandex have gone through a short, but very actively developing path of formation. None of the search engines today stands still and every day they develop more and more new services to make life easier. These are the world's leading search engines, processing millions of queries every day. Many people can no longer imagine their lives without these lifesavers - they have become such commonplace things.
Which search engine do you prefer? What do you usually do - Google or type into Yandex? Pavel Yamb was with you, see you soon