Name: BIOS settings.

This book provides a detailed description of the BIOS and its parameters. At the same time, various BIOS versions are presented from all well-known manufacturers, including the most modern ones. All BIOS settings are reviewed and recommendations are given for selecting the required values. Test results are presented.
From this book you will learn how to increase the performance of your computer, optimize the operation of its individual systems (processor, RAM, etc.), and learn how to solve problems that arise. You will learn about specific options, both new and most modern devices(Pentium processors from I to IV, AMD from K5 to Athlon XP, chipsets from Intel, SIS, VIA, etc.). An entire chapter is devoted to describing errors and ways to fix them, and the book ends with a detailed description of flashing the BIOS and a convenient alphabetical index.
The book is written in simple and accessible language. Does not require special preparation, since everything is explained during the presentation necessary concepts and technology. Designed for a wide range of readers.

Already at the very beginning of the book, I would like to warn readers that it is necessary to handle BIOS settings very carefully and thoughtfully. Unskillful change BIOS settings can render the computer inoperable or even completely destroy its individual components.
In addition, you must keep in mind that when describing BIOS options later in the book, general recommendations for setting them up + some examples are given. Specific values ​​for specific computer devices depend on the devices themselves and are given in the documentation for the devices (or are indicated on their labeling). All possible options it is simply impossible to consider in the book. Almost any documentation for devices, if you do not have it, can be found on the Internet on the manufacturers’ websites. In addition, you can rely on standard default values.

Content
Introduction
Chapter 1. BIOS and its role in computer operation
1.1. General description of BIOS. BIOS Setup Program
1.2. What is CMOS
1.3. Physical location of BIOS chips
1.4. BIOS and computer boot process
1.5. General scheme device interactions
Chapter 2. BIOS versions and features of working in them
2.1. How to enter BIOS
2.2. BIOS versions from AWARD
2.2.1. AWARD BIOS version 4.51PG
Main menu and its sections
Exit BIOS
2.2.2. AWARD BIOS version 6.0
Smooth menu and its sections
2.2.3. AWARD BIOS version 6.0PG
Main menu
Method of working in the menu and editing options Exiting the BIOS
2.3. BIOS versions from AMI
2.3.1. AMI BIOS version 1.24
Main menu and its sections
Method of working in the menu and editing options Exiting the BIOS
2.3.2. AMI BIOS version 1.45
Main menu and its sections
Method of working in the menu and editing options Exiting the BIOS
2.3.3. AMI BIOS version 8.00
Main menu
Method of working in the menu and editing options Exiting the BIOS
2.4. Phoenix versions
Main menu
Methodology for working in the menu and editing options
Exit BIOS
2.5. Joint BIOS from AWARD + Phoenix (used
in modern motherboards)
2.6. BIOS from Intel
Chapter 3. BIOS Options
3.1. Basic BIOS settings
3.1.1. Setting the system time and date
3.1.2. Physical characteristics of connected devices. Basic hard settings disk
3.2. Computer boot settings
3.2.1. Common parameters downloads
3.2.2. Handling errors during the boot process
3.2.3. Network download
3.3. Antivirus protection from BIOS
3.4. Motherboard chipset settings
3.4.1. General settings
3.4.2. Special settings for multiprocessor boards
3.5. CPU
3.5.1. General settings
3.5.2. Cache settings
3.6. Setting up RAM
Operating principles of RAM
3.6.1. General RAM settings
3.6.2. Setting up SDRAM
3.6.3. Setting up DRAM
3.6.4. RAM type DDR SDRAM
3.6.5. RAM type RDRAM (Rambus)
3.6.6. Shadowing Memory Areas
3.7. Setting up your keyboard and mouse
3.8. PCI and ISA buses
3.9. Setting up the AGP bus and video card
3.10. Integrated Devices
3.10.1. IDE controller and hard drive
3.10.2. Floppy drive controller
3.10.3. SCSI controllers
3.10.4. USB ports and USB controller
3.10.5. COM and LPT ports
3.10.6. Built-in sound
3.10.7. Built-in network card
3.11. BIOS passwords
3.12. Power management
3.13. Resource Allocation
DMA channels and interrupts
3.13.1. Basic Concepts
What is a DMA channel?
What is a hardware interrupt?
3.13.2. Description of BIOS options
3.14. Monitoring computer parameters: temperature, voltage, fan speed
3.15. Manual adjustment of voltages and frequencies
3.16. Other options
Chapter 4: Error Messages
4.1. Error messages that can be seen on the monitor screen
4.2. Sound signals ";
4.2.1. Sound signals in AWARD BIOS
4.2.2. Sound signals in AMI BIOS
4.2.3. Beeps in Phoenix BIOS
Chapter 5. Flashing the BIOS
5.1. When to and when not to flash the BIOS
5.2. Preparing for flashing
Getting the new BIOS version
Flashing programs
Creating a special boot diskette
Final preparations
5.3. Flashing process
Using the Award FLASH program
Using the AMI FLASH program
5.4. Special firmware methods
Application
Universal BIOS passwords
Alphabetical index
Bibliography

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BIOS Setup FAQ and BIOS setup guide

BIOS Setup FAQ: how to set up the BIOS

Introduction

Basic Input Output System BIOS) is stored in a small flash memory chip on the motherboard. Most often this memory is used for reading, but with the help of special utilities and BIOS technologies You can also re-record it. When the PC starts, the processor on the motherboard runs the BIOS program to initially check and initialize the hardware, and then transfers control to the OS.

If the PC does not go through the boot process, if the system is too slow, Windows crashes, or the hardware fails, then the cause may be an incorrectly configured BIOS. In our article we will show how, with the help of proper BIOS Setup settings, you can solve this or that problem.

The Basics section covers basic BIOS information. In it you will learn what BIOS is, how to go to the BIOS settings and deal with them. The "Key Settings" section contains information about the main BIOS options that every user should know about. Experienced users can be recommended to go straight to the section " Fine tuning BIOS", where you can learn about using hidden settings, activating new functions, bypassing bottlenecks, etc.

BIOS: Basics and Principles

When the computer starts, the BIOS "introduces" the processor to the main components of the motherboard and tells the processor what program to run next after the BIOS completes. Typically, the BIOS transfers control to the boot sector of the drive, which can be a floppy disk, CD-ROM, DVD, or HDD. Boot sector launches the bootloader, which activates the main operating system, the same Windows or Linux.

The BIOS is responsible for more than just the boot process. Many operating systems use the BIOS as an intermediary to access various hardware.

1. BIOS versions

Each motherboard uses its own version of the BIOS, specially designed for its hardware. The most common BIOS is from Phoenix Award, and in two varieties. Additionally, some computers use a BIOS American Megatrends(AMI).

The BIOS menu structure and symbols used vary from one manufacturer to another. Even the BIOS menus for two consecutive motherboard models may differ to some extent. This is why we cannot give an accurate description of the BIOS options of every computer known to mankind. But don't despair. You can easily find a match between the sections discussed below (based on the Phoenix Award BIOS) and the BIOS items on your PC. Don't be upset if you don't find some settings: this means that your PC's BIOS does not allow you to control these settings directly.

2. Exit to BIOS

During boot, when the BIOS checks the system hardware, considers available memory, and finds hard drives and other drives or devices, you can use a special key to exit to the BIOS Setup program. Often it is enough to press the key, but other options are also used, for example. Look carefully at the screen during boot: in most BIOSes, it displays a line like “F10 = Setup” closer to the bottom of the monitor. If all else fails, open the manual for the motherboard, where the magic combination should be indicated. Press the indicated key (or combination) and hold it for a second or two while your PC boots.

If it works, the BIOS will calculate the amount of available memory, after which the BIOS main menu will appear. If it doesn’t work, restart your computer and try using a different key combination. For example, many laptops enter the BIOS by pressing the or key. Sometimes the keys work, or a combination like .

3. Change BIOS settings

BIOS setup: use the cursor to select the desired line and press "Enter".

To select a menu in the BIOS, use the cursor and use the arrows to move it to the desired item. By pressing the "Enter" key, you will go to the section or receive a settings selection window (as in the illustration below). To change the specified setting, press the plus [+] or minus [-] keys, or another combination like and . From the main BIOS setup menu you will be taken to various setup sections, which can also be divided into their own subsections.

Open the subsection. Many options can be changed using the plus [+] and minus [-] keys, while others can be set using a drop-down menu.

Let me briefly go through the sections of the main BIOS setup menu.

• In the "Main" or "Standard CMOS Setup" section you can set the date and time, as well as hard drive parameters.
• The BIOS Features Setup section provides various general settings.
• The "Integrated Peripherals" section is responsible for interfaces and additional system functions.
• The "Power Management Setup" section allows you to configure all power consumption and power options.
• In the "PnP/PCI Configurations" section you can bind interrupts (IRQs) to expansion cards of your PC. If such functions are not available in the section, they can be found in the "Advanced" subsection.
• The "Hardware Monitor" section allows you to find out the values ​​of system sensors: processor temperature or fan speed (rpm). Usually the rotation speeds of the processor and case fans are shown, but the parameters of the power supply fan or others may also be present here.
• The "Load Setup Defaults" item restores the BIOS settings to default and eliminates any changes you may have made. This item will be useful if your actions led to any problems in the system.

4. Exit BIOS Setup

To complete the BIOS setup, press the key or select the main menu item "Save & Exit Setup". Sometimes you first need to select the "Exit" item, and then select the "Exit & Save Changes" option. Then you are usually offered the choice of saving the changes made: “Yes” [Y] or “No” [N]. Select the required option and your computer will restart.

Key BIOS settings

Below we will show you how to change the boot drive selection sequence for your computer in the BIOS, turn on your PC by pressing a key or clicking a mouse, activate USB 2.0 support, and also solve problems with fans or changing the hardware configuration.

5. Set the priority of boot devices in the BIOS

In BIOS it is better not to set the disk drive as the first boot device. Instead of a disk drive, specify a hard drive.

Most PCs set the disk drive as the priority boot device by default. This option will slow down the PC boot for a couple of seconds as it will check to see if there is a boot floppy in the drive. There is also no need to do this because there is a danger of becoming infected with a boot virus from a “dirty” floppy disk. And how often do you boot from a floppy disk? And why do you need this disgusting sound of accessing an empty drive? It is better to set the hard drive as the first boot device.

In BIOS Setup, it is possible to specify the devices from which booting is possible, as well as the order in which they are checked. Let's look at how to remove the disk drive from the first boot device. To do this, select "Advanced BIOS Features, Boot Sequence", then select "1st Boot Device" and change its value from "Floppy" to "Hard Disk", as shown in the illustration above. In principle, the hard drive can be called “HDD-0”. As a result, the computer will boot directly from the hard drive, bypassing the floppy disk. Of course, if necessary, the boot order can always be restored by returning to BIOS Setup.

But now, even if the computer does not try to boot from the floppy disk, it will still check the disk drive when booting, wasting time. To avoid checking the drive, set the "Boot Up Floppy Seek" option to "Disabled".

6. Speed ​​up PC loading when BIOS help

As you understand, to speed up loading it is important that the PC didn't check extra devices, but booted immediately from the hard drive. In addition, it is better to disable the search for new hard drives and other devices. If you do not often change the set of hard drives in the system, then set the search time to zero. To do this, in the "Main" menu, set the "Timeout" value to "0".

7. How to enable USB 2.0 support in the BIOS

USB: If you installed Windows XP with Service Pack 2, you should enable the "USB 2.0 Controller" option.

On many motherboards, the "USB Controllers" option is set to USB 1.1 mode by default. This is due to the fact that Windows XP without Service Packs (and special patches) does not support USB 2.0. This is why USB 2.0 support usually has to be enabled manually.

To enable USB 2.0 in BIOS Setup, set the option to "Enabled" (as shown in the illustration above) or to "V1.1+V2.0". But remember that to use USB interface 2.0 requires installation of at least Service Pack 1 for Windows XP.

8. How to solve problems with USB devices using BIOS

Some flash drives, MP3 players, and USB flash drives are powered by a USB port. If there is not enough power, the device will not work. This is why you should make sure that USB port provides sufficient power for such devices.

Check if your BIOS has an option called "USB 2.0 HS Reference Voltage". If there is, then change the value from "Low" or "Medium" to "High" or "Maximum".

9. How can I change the PC's response to a power outage in the BIOS?

In the "Power Management" section of BIOS Setup, you can specify how the computer will react when the power is turned off. The "AC Power Loss Restart" or "Restore on AC Power Loss" options in the BIOS are responsible for the behavior of the computer after emergency shutdown electricity and subsequent restoration of power. Set this option to "On" or "Enabled" if you want the computer to boot automatically. Either "Off" or "Disabled" otherwise.

10. How to check PC temperature and status via BIOS

BIOS provides information about the operating parameters of your PC. You can track the status of your vitals in real time system components, including CPU, fans, power supply and hard drives. For example, you can enable an alarm in the BIOS if the processor exceeds a certain temperature, or even implement an emergency shutdown. As a result, your system will not overheat.

Various items in the "Health" or "H/W Control" sections allow you to monitor changes in voltages, as well as temperature sensors. Most BIOS display values ​​for the temperature of the processor and case, and in some versions other temperatures, say, of the hard drive or motherboard chipset. In addition, in the BIOS you can find out the fan rotation speed (in rpm).

11. How to fix problems with coolers using the BIOS

If your PC won't boot, it could be because the cooler is spinning too low or stopping altogether. This situation is especially common with high-end coolers, whose rotation speed depends on temperature. They may spin very slowly (or stop altogether) at low temperatures, causing the BIOS to think the fan has failed. In such cases, correct BIOS settings help.

Set the BIOS option "CPU Fan Failure Warning" to "Disabled". When you disable this option, the computer will boot even if the fan is spinning at low speed. Of course, there is another problem: you may not be able to enter the BIOS at all, since the computer may refuse to boot for the reason mentioned above (in many BIOSes this option is set to "Enabled" by default). In this case, you will have to temporarily connect any cheap cooler to the motherboard, which always rotates at maximum speed. And after disabling the setting, you can connect a high-end model.

12. How to avoid system crash?

Modern hard drives can detect symptoms or problems that precede drive failure and alert the BIOS. This feature is called "Self Monitoring And Reporting Technology" (SMART). Enabling the HDD SMART Capability feature allows the BIOS to send warnings to programs like Norton System Works or the well-known free utility SpeedFan. As a result, the user receives information about the status of the drives. This opportunity allows you to accept necessary measures, as soon as the first symptoms of an impending failure begin to appear.

13. Connecting old printers and scanners (LPT)

Parallel port: The fastest mode is "ECP+EPP".

A computer's parallel port (LPT) typically only works in one direction. This setting is suitable for almost all devices, although the transfer speed is limited to 100 kbps. You can switch the LPT port to a more modern mode, which gives speeds of up to 1 Mbit/s.

To do this, you need to enable the "ECP" (Extended Capability Port) or "EPP" (Enhanced Parallel Port) mode. In fact, you can enable both modes at once by selecting the "ECP/EPP" or "ECP + EPP" option.

Warning: If you have several devices connected to one port, then problems may arise with speed modes. In such situations, we can recommend purchasing an additional PCI expansion card, which will allow you to add a second LPT port. Or buy a USB-LPT adapter. Or, of course, upgrade to a more modern scanner or printer.

Tweaking the BIOS

This part of the article is addressed to demanding users who want to speed up boot times as much as possible, optimize system parameters, and fully utilize the computing resources of the PC, the capabilities of the motherboard chipset and memory.

14. How to enable BIOS to display POST test results during boot

When booting a PC, many computers display multi-colored manufacturer logos instead of POST (Power-on Self-Test) lines. But, it seems to us, it will be much more useful to see which element of the computer is being tested, and with what results.

In the "Advanced BIOS Features" section, find the "Full Screen LOGO Display" item and set it to "Disabled". After this, you will be able to observe the results of all PC tests during boot.

15. How to configure the BIOS so that the PC boots even faster

Using BIOS, you can further reduce the boot time of your PC, reducing the time of the first test. Of course, we recommend doing this only if all PC components are working stably. For example, you can enable the BIOS to check available memory once instead of three times. To do this, go to the "Advanced" or "Advanced BIOS Features" section, find the "Quick Power On Self Test" or "Quick Boot" option and set it to "Enabled".

Warning: If you experience any problems with the hardware, we recommend returning to the BIOS and turning off the quick test by setting it to "Disabled". In this case, the BIOS is more likely to find an error.

16. How to enable another video card in the BIOS

If your computer has multiple interfaces that can accommodate a graphics card (integrated graphics, AGP, PCI Express, PCI), then the BIOS will try to determine which of them the working card is located in when booting. But this is not necessary, because you know all the necessary information!

Select an option in BIOS Setup called "Init Display First", which may also be called "Primary VGA BIOS" or "VGA Boot From" depending on the BIOS version. Specify "AGP" if you are using an AGP graphics card. On newer systems with PCI Express, this option is usually called "PEG Port/Graphic Adapter Priority". In this case, set it to "PEG" if you are using a PCI Express card.

17. How to disable unnecessary video card functions in the BIOS

BIOS Cacheable: This option will improve performance on MS-DOS only.

The "Video RAM Cacheable" and "Video BIOS Cacheable" options improve graphics performance on older DOS machines. But they are useless for Windows. There is no need to include them.

Set both the "Video RAM Cacheable" and "Video BIOS Cacheable" options in the BIOS to "Disabled". At the same time, disable the "VGA Palette Snoop" option, if available. Finally, you can disable the "System BIOS Cacheable" option: it no longer improves performance, and in some cases can even negatively affect system stability.

18. How to correctly configure memory for a video card in BIOS

The "Graphics Aperture Size" option (which may also be called "AGP Aperture Size") was originally intended to help AGP graphics cards use PC RAM more efficiently during texture rendering. This feature is already outdated, since many graphics cards are equipped with 128, 256 or even 512 MB of built-in memory. In addition, the video memory built into the card is faster than the PC's RAM. If previously it was recommended to set the value of texture memory to half the amount of RAM in your system, today it is better to choose the optimal size. That is, 128 or 64 MB.

19. How to correctly set the AGP clock speed in the BIOS

This "trick" allows you to avoid problems with an AGP graphics card when overclocking Front Side Bus (FSB).

On motherboards equipped with an overclocking function, you can find the "AGPCLK/CPUCLK" menu item (it can also be called "AGP Clock"). If it is, then set the value to "Fix". It prevents FSB overclocking from affecting AGP frequencies. A value of "1/1" forces AGP to operate at the same frequency as the FSB. A value of "2/3" sets the AGP to 2/3 of the FSB frequency, so that, say, a 100 MHz FSB becomes 66 MHz for the AGP graphics card.

20. How to increase the AGP clock speed in the BIOS

Increasing the AGP frequency increases performance, but it can also cause problems.

Some motherboards allow you to increase the AGP frequency. In principle, you can try to increase this frequency (“AGP Frequency” item) in small steps, and restart the PC after each change. Test every setting on a 3D shooter like Doom 3 or Quake 4 to check system stability. If any problems start to occur, change to the previous AGP frequency value.

21. How to increase the AGP voltage in the BIOS

Higher clock speeds also require more power. The "AGP Voltage" option allows you to increase the AGP voltage, most often in 0.1 V steps. The voltage can be increased if increasing the AGP frequency leads to instability, and the need for increased performance is urgent.

Warning: In some situations, increasing the voltage too much may burn out the graphics card. If increasing the voltage does not produce the desired effect, return the value to a lower level and reduce the AGP frequency to ensure stable system operation.

22. How to enable or disable the processor cache in the BIOS

Enabling any level of processor cache (1, 2 or 3) provides a significant performance boost.

The CPU runs significantly faster than other components on the motherboard and often has to wait for data to arrive. The processor cache, which is a high-speed memory located between the CPU and the computer's RAM, allows you to speed up data exchange.

The first level cache (L1) is very small, but it is located on the processor core, close to the compute units, providing very fast storage for temporary data. The second level cache (L2) is significantly larger in size and can store some entire program elements or pieces of data. When the processor requests data, it first checks its presence in the cache. If the required data is there, then the computer's performance increases significantly, because memory cannot respond at the same speed as the cache. Some processors, usually professional grade, also have an L3 cache. As you understand, the cache should always be enabled.

23. How to enable APIC in BIOS

The motherboard chipset most often consists of two chips, called the north and south bridges. They are responsible for transferring data between the processor, RAM, expansion cards and peripheral devices. Enabling the APIC (advanced programmable interrupt controller) mode in the BIOS allows for improved operation of devices. The number of interrupts increases from 16 to 24, and managing them using APIC is much simpler and more convenient.

All you need to do is go to the "Advanced BIOS Features" menu and set the "APIC Mode" option to "Enabled".

24. How to enable Burst Mode in the BIOS

Burst Mode allows you to speed up many things: working with hard drives, PCI cards and RAM. Batch mode allows you to transfer multiple pieces of data in one transmission instead of processing all the pieces individually.

If during BIOS setup you come across the “Burst Mode” option anywhere, then set it to “Enabled” mode. Of course, after this we recommend checking the stability of the system.

Warning: Many PCI cards may not function properly if the PCI Dynamic Bursting option is set to Enabled.

25. Turn on Bus Mastering

Enable Bus Mastering: this option speeds up work with the hard drive.

This BIOS setting allows Windows to use the faster Direct Memory Access (DMA) mode when reading or writing to the hard drive. DMA mode allows the hard disk controller to directly access memory, bypassing the CPU. As a result, access to the hard drive is accelerated and precious CPU resources are saved.

If the "PCI IDE BusMaster" option is present in the "Integrated Peripherals" menu, set its value to "Enabled", as shown in the illustration above. When you do this, go to Windows "Start, Settings, Control Panel, System" and click the "Device Manager" button on the "Hardware" tab. There, find the item “IDE ATA/ATAPI controllers/IDE ATA/ATAPI Controller” (it depends on the chipset, so it may be slightly different in your case). Find the entry "Primary IDE Channel" and go to the "Advanced Settings" tab. There, find the item "Current Transfer Mode". Its value should be set to "Ultra DMA Mode". Hard drives are usually set to mode 5, and CD/DVD drives are usually set to mode 2.

26. How to change memory timings in the BIOS

Reducing memory latency. This operation makes sense only for high-quality memory modules. But if it works, you'll get a performance boost.

Each module SDRAM memory and DDR/DDR-2 carries a special Serial Presence Detect (SPD) chip, which stores default memory latency values ​​(timings). Memory manufacturers usually specify SPD values ​​to ensure stable and reliable operation. Therefore, it often makes sense to speed up latency a little, since this step allows you to squeeze out a few more percent of performance.

The corresponding options may have names like "System Performance", "Memory Timings" or "Configure DRAM Timing". Typically, the default value for these options is "By SPD". It forces the computer to read the recommended values ​​from the SPD chip of the memory module and automatically use them. In addition, the value "Enabled" is also unlikely to cause problems with the PC.

If you want to try to configure systems for better performance, then set the option value to “Disabled” or “User Defined” (if there are any, see the illustration above). Then set the parameters manually as indicated in the following paragraphs.

27. How to reduce RAS-to-CAS latency in BIOS

Memory is better represented as a two-dimensional array. To obtain data, specify a column using the Row Address Strobe (RAS) signal, and then a row using the Column Address Strobe (CAS) signal. A certain time interval is required between the RAS and CAS signals so that the addressing does not go astray. Typically the RAS-to-CAS latency is two or more clock cycles.

The "SDRAM RAS to CAS Delay" value allows you to precisely set how many clock cycles will pass between the RAS and CAS signals. Possible settings range from 2 to 5, with 2 being the fastest. Try to reduce latency and test the stability of your system. The higher quality your memory modules are, the lower the latency you can get.

28. Reducing CAS latency in BIOS

When receiving data from memory, you should wait a certain time interval between setting the address and transmitting the data. It is also indicated in measures: 2T for two measures, 3T for three, etc. A lower "SDRAM CAS Latency" value provides higher performance.

The correct (and safe) "SDRAM CAS Latency" value is usually printed on the module label or even burned into the chips themselves. For cheap modules, values ​​of 3T or 2.5T are usually found. Set the value to 2.5T or even 2T, then check the stability of the system. Some memory manufacturers claim that memory that supports 2T mode is capable of operating at higher frequencies. If you can reduce the CAS latency, you can try to increase the memory frequency using the "Memory Frequency" option.

Warning: Perform only one parameter change per test run. Then you can immediately determine the cause of unstable operation and return to the tested value.

29. Reduce RAS Precharge Delay in BIOS

For memory cells to work quickly, they need to be charged correctly. The "SDRAM RAS Precharge Delay" option specifies the interval (in clock cycles) between charging the cells and sending the RAS signal. With a lower value, say "2", the memory works faster, but is often unstable. Try to reduce the charging delay and check the stability of the system each time.

30. Reduce SDRAM Precharge in BIOS

The delay "SDRAM Active Precharge Delay" is also set in clock cycles. It indicates the latency between successive memory accesses, so reducing it can speed up memory access.

Typically, the delay is calculated as follows: Active Precharge Delay = CAS-Latency + RAS Precharge Delay + 2 (for stability). As with other delays, try reducing its value by one cycle and check the stability of the system. If problems arise, return the value back.

31. Reducing memory timings: general tips

RAM Latencies: Reducing latency allows for faster performance of the memory subsystem.

Recommended values ​​for council delays 27-30 depend on the modules themselves. If the module says “2.5-4-4-8”, then the CAS Latency is 2.5 clock cycles, the RAS to CAS Delay is 4 clock cycles, the RAS Precharge Delay is 4 clock cycles, and the Active Precharge Delay is 8 clock cycles. These are the values ​​recommended by the manufacturer for memory modules. Of course, smaller delays can be achieved, but this poses the risk of system failures. If you want optimal performance, we recommend decreasing the latency by one value at a time and testing system stability each time.

32. Increase the memory voltage in the BIOS

If the memory works faster, then it will need more energy. That is why, as the frequency increases, the supply voltage should also be increased.

The "DDR Reference Voltage" option allows you to increase the memory voltage, usually in 0.1 V increments. Increasing the voltage makes sense if you have reduced latency or increased the memory frequency. Or if problems with stable operation began to arise.

Warning: Excessive voltage may burn out memory modules!

33. How to turn off the built-in sound in the BIOS

Often the motherboard's built-in sound controller is not used. For example, if you have installed a powerful PCI sound card or generally use a computer without speakers. Then it makes sense to turn off the sound on the motherboard. In some cases, this can improve overall system performance and stability.

In the "Integrated Peripherals" menu, set the "AC97 Audio Select" item to "Disabled" (as shown in the illustration above).

34. How to disable the game port in the BIOS

The game port is useful only to owners of old joysticks or those users who use it as a MIDI interface. Then it makes sense to allocate two I/O ports and an interrupt to the game port. (By the way, if you have a joystick, it most likely uses a USB connection). For all other users, it is better to disable the game port.

In the "Integrated Peripherals" menu, set the "Game Port" item to "Disabled".

35. How to turn off in BIOS network port

Some motherboards have two network interfaces, but generally most users only need one. It is better to disable interfaces that are not working. In some cases, this improves system performance and stability.

In the "Integrated Peripherals" menu, set the "Onboard Intel LAN" item to "Disabled".

36. How to disable unnecessary ports in the BIOS

Today, only older PDAs and modems need serial ports COM1 and COM2. Disabling ports saves two IRQs, reducing the number of interrupts the processor must check. And hardly anyone needs a parallel LPT interface today. Moreover, modern printers and scanners are connected to a USB port.

From the "Integrated Peripherals" menu, disable the COM1 and COM2 interfaces (the "IO Devices, Com-Port" option, but it can also be called "Serial Port 1/2"). Disable the LPT port by setting the "Parallel Port" item to "Disabled".

37. How to disable FireWire (IEEE1394) in the BIOS

The FireWire interface is only needed if you need to download video from a video camera or connect FireWire peripherals. In all other situations, it is better to turn off the interface.

In the "Integrated Peripherals" menu, set the value of the "Onboard 1394 device" item to "Disabled".

BIOS update

From time to time, motherboard manufacturers release new BIOS versions. BIOS updates usually contain various optimizations as well as new features. Let's say the same overclocking functions. We recommend updating the BIOS only when a new final version is available (it is better to skip beta and alpha versions).

The BIOS is written to a special flash memory chip. When flashing a new version of firmware, it is written in place of the old one. For BIOS updates special utilities are required, which motherboard manufacturers include in the package. In addition, some BIOS versions support firmware flashing independently using a key combination.

When it comes to updating the BIOS, there are usually two alternatives. You can use a Windows utility, which can usually be found on the motherboard CD or downloaded from the manufacturer's website. You can also install a utility that will periodically check for a new BIOS version and, if necessary, download it. This method is simple, but the verification utility takes up memory space and consumes some resources.

Updating the BIOS for Windows is an easy and simple method, as long as your system is stable. For greater reliability, we can recommend updating via DOS.

To do this, you need to download the firmware utility from the manufacturer's website. Then create a DOS boot floppy disk and write the utility along with the new BIOS version onto it. Then you should boot from the floppy disk and run the utility through the command line (if you downloaded the utility and BIOS from ZIP archive, then they should be copied to the floppy disk in unpacked form). This approach is considered by many to be more reliable, since DOS does not have any third-party drivers.

Warning: If you update your laptop's BIOS, you should not do this while running on battery power. The laptop should be flashed while running on mains power.

Choose your motherboard: Only use BIOS versions that are designed specifically for your model.

Visit the website of the motherboard (or computer) manufacturer and then find the model you need. Most often, motherboard models are named like "GA-686BX", "A7N8X-E" or "K8T Neo2". Sometimes motherboards have two names: retail (say, "K8T-Neo") and technical (for example, "MS-6702 Version 1.0"). The latter is usually indicated on the PCB of the board. When you find the page with your model, follow the "Downloads" or "Support" link.

39. Save old version BIOS

We recommend keeping the old BIOS version in case the new one is unstable or causes any problems. You can always flash the old BIOS instead of the new version. In addition, we recommend that you carefully read the Readme file that is included in the BIOS archive. It indicates the changes and additions made to the new version.

40. Think twice before updating your BIOS

The notes provided in each BIOS version help you decide whether you need to update your BIOS or not.

If updating the BIOS solves a specific problem (see illustration above), then you must decide how relevant it is for your system. If the problem does not concern you, then you can skip the BIOS update. Of course, if it does not provide any other improvements. Note that a new version BIOS often allows you to install more modern processors.

If you did not buy the motherboard separately, or bought a branded PC outright, then in such cases it is better to contact the PC manufacturer’s website. Of course, it is quite possible that you will find the same BIOS update there as on the motherboard manufacturer's website. However, some PC manufacturers release their own versions of the BIOS. If you don't know where to download the BIOS update from (from the motherboard or PC manufacturer's website), find out the answer to this question from the manufacturer. If you don't get a clear answer, then it may not be worth updating the BIOS.

41. How to prepare a boot disk with BIOS

When you download a BIOS from the manufacturer's website, you will usually receive a ZIP archive containing several files. One of the files contains the new BIOS version itself, and this file is often called very mysteriously: “W7176IMS.110” or “AN8D1007.BIN”. In addition, in the archive you can find a text document with installation instructions.

As a rule, the archive also contains an executable file.EXE - a utility for flashing the BIOS. For BIOS Award it is called "awdflash.exe". In addition, the archive usually contains batch file, which simplifies the firmware process. Most often it is called "start.cmd", "flash.bat" or "autoexec.bat". Unzip these files to any folder. For example, in "C:\BIOS\". If the BIOS archive is self-extracting, then copy it to this folder and run it.

Important: Before you begin the firmware procedure, print the Readme file as it may contain important information. Keep the printout with other documentation. By the way, if you don’t have the documentation saved, you can almost always download it from the manufacturer’s website in the form of PDF files.

42. How to write the BIOS to a bootable floppy disk

To flash the BIOS, you will need a DOS boot diskette. To create it, click on the “My Computer” icon. Right-click on the drive icon and select "Format.../Format...". In the window that appears, check the box "Create boot disk MS-DOS/Create an MS-DOS startup disk". Then click "Start" to start formatting. Copy the BIOS file and the firmware utility to the floppy disk (for example, the files "awdflash.exe" and "w6330vms.360" for the latest version Award BIOS).

Then you need to restart the computer and boot from the floppy disk. To do this, make sure that the drive in the BIOS is set to the first boot device. After rebooting, enter the BIOS setup menu by pressing the appropriate key. Select "Advanced BIOS Features, Boot Sequence", which may also be called "Advanced, Advanced BIOS Features" on some PCs. Make sure the "1st Boot Device" option is set to "Floppy". Exit to the main BIOS setup menu using the key, then use the key to exit the BIOS setup menu. If you want to save the changes you have made, press the [Y] ("Yes") key.

43. How to flash BIOS under DOS

Make sure there is stable power supply to the computer. As we mentioned earlier, do not flash the BIOS on a laptop while it is running on battery power. Connect your laptop to a power outlet.

Boot the PC from the floppy disk on which you recorded the firmware utility and BIOS file. On the command line, enter the name of the firmware utility, followed by a space - the name of the BIOS file. In our example for Award BIOS this will be a line like:

A:\>awdflash.exe w6330vms.360

The firmware utility will launch and guide you through all the other processes.

Keep the old BIOS. Before flashing a new BIOS version, we recommend saving the old version by entering the file name.

Although the name of the firmware utility and the BIOS file in your case may differ (for example, "awdfl789.exe" and "w6330vms.250"), the approach does not change. Follow the utility's instructions and answer correctly. Whenever you update your BIOS, keep the old version just in case. It will allow you to go back if any problems appear in the new BIOS version.

Finally, the firmware utility will overwrite BIOS image in flash memory for the new version. After successful completion, you should restart your PC. During the firmware installation, you need to ensure that the computer does not lose power. Otherwise you will have to contact service center(or to craftsmen) and flash the BIOS through the programmer.

44. Setting up a new BIOS

When the BIOS update is completed, reboot the computer, preferably in a cold way (by turning off and on the power). In some cases, a CMOS reset may be necessary (see below). After switching on, the BIOS loading lines will be displayed on the screen, where the new version should appear. Enter the BIOS setup using the required keys. Select the "Load Optimized Defaults" option (this may be called "Exit, Load Setup Defaults" on some PCs), which will load the default settings. Make any required changes to the BIOS settings. Exit the setting with the key, then press [Y] to save the setting. Then enjoy the products of your labor!

Golden rules of BIOS firmware

In principle, by changing BIOS settings, you are unlikely to cause irreparable harm to the computer, unless you increase the supply voltage too much. In any case, it is better to remember a few golden rules.

1. Create a backup copy of your current BIOS version. Before you flash a new BIOS version, save the old one. Each BIOS firmware utility has the ability to save the old version, for example, "Save current BIOS as". If the new version turns out to be problematic, you can always go back to the old one.
2. Change only one setting at a time. If you go into BIOS setup, make changes carefully, one at a time and in small steps if possible. After each process, reboot your computer and test under Windows to identify any instabilities. This is the only way to determine how a particular setting will affect the performance and stability of your PC.
3. Use stress tests. To check the stability of your PC, it is best to load your computer to the maximum. You can run games, a video editing application, 3D tests like 3DMark 2005, etc.
4. If all else fails, try a cold boot. If the computer refuses to boot after pressing the Reset key, then turn off the computer from the network and wait a couple of minutes. Use the power cable disconnect switch or the toggle switch on the power supply rather than the power key on the front of the PC.
5. Reset CMOS. If the PC refuses to boot after changes made to the BIOS, then you will not be able to return the settings back. In such cases, resetting CMOS settings helps. Follow the instructions to reset the CMOS for your motherboard. In some cases, to reset the CMOS, you must close (or open) the jumper, giving the "Clear CMOS" signal. Or you need to use a DIP switch. Don't forget that after resetting CMOS you need to return the jumper to its original position. Alternatively, you can remove the motherboard battery and disconnect the computer from the network. But sometimes you need to wait several hours.

BIOS Setup: Guide

Introduction to BIOS Setup

The Basic Input-Output System (BIOS) is important part procedures of any PC, which is stored in a separate chip on the motherboard. In its own way essence of BIOS is an intermediary between computer hardware and the operating system. Without a BIOS, the operating system would not be able to communicate with and control the hardware.

In other words, the BIOS is the most important component of any computer. If the BIOS settings are set incorrectly, your PC's performance can be reduced by up to 40%. Unfortunately, as new processors and motherboards come out, BIOS options continue to become more confusing. As a result, many users simply do not understand the meaning of many modern BIOS options.

But don't despair - THG is here to help! Each motherboard and/or computer uses a different BIOS, so we will look at an example of BIOS optimization based on the Asus A7N8X-E Deluxe motherboard. We chose this particular motherboard because a large number of other motherboards came out after it. ASUS boards with similar BIOS. In addition, the A7N8X-E is one of the most popular ASUS models: it has been on the market for almost two years and is still sold for AMD systems. It is likely that your motherboard will have certain differences from this model, but you can get an idea of ​​​​the possible adjustments.

Remember that incorrectly setting BIOS settings can lead to unstable PC operation. In this case, you will have to reset the BIOS settings to the factory default (that is, to non-optimized ones). This is usually done using a motherboard jumper, but how do you reset the BIOS on a laptop? None of the options discussed here should negatively impact your PC's performance, but follow each step carefully.

Many major computer manufacturers like Dell, HP, Gateway and Micron limit the available options in the BIOS to reduce the number of support calls due to incorrect settings. Therefore, on computers from some manufacturers, you will not be able to enable certain advanced options mentioned in our article.

During boot, most PCs will briefly display a message telling you how to enter the BIOS setup. You will have a few seconds to press the required key; if you don’t have time, the operating system will begin to load. To enter the BIOS after turning on the PC, hold or continuously press the desired key. On most PCs this is "DEL", "F1" or "F2". If your PC does not enter the BIOS setup using these keys or does not display a message on how to do this, you will have to contact your PC manufacturer's documentation or support service.

We recommend that you reboot your computer after changing each BIOS option to ensure the system is stable. Think about it: if you make several changes to the BIOS options and your system stops booting, how will you find the cause of the error?

Let's start with the BIOS main options menu (Main Options), which can be called up by clicking on the "Main" tab in the upper left corner.

Below you can set the time and date, as well as the parameters of your hard drives and other installed drives. Every time you boot, your PC will most likely automatically detect the drives installed on the system. This takes a second or two on most computers, but if you manually enter the settings you need, you'll speed up the boot time somewhat.

To do this, select the drive by moving the cursor to it and press "Enter". Then write down the values ​​for the Cylinders, Heads, Sectors, and LBA parameters. Some BIOSes have options for "Block Mode" and "32-Bit Transfer Mode". Change the drive type from "AUTO" to "USER". Then enter the same numbers that were displayed. On most modern computers, you should turn "LBA Mode", "Block Mode" and "32-bit Transfer Mode" ON, even if they were turned off previously.

If no drives are connected to this controller channel, select NONE. For example, if your hard drive is configured as Primary Master and your CD-RW drive is configured as Secondary Master, make sure that the Primary/Secondary Slave on each channel is set to NONE. If you leave the AUTO option without the presence of a device, the computer will check for the presence of a drive every time. Setting it to NONE where there are no drives will speed up loading a bit.

Then select the "Advanced" tab, which will be divided into several submenus. The first branch is called "Advanced BIOS Features."

Is it necessary to thoroughly test your memory and disk drive every time you turn on your computer? Unless you suspect there is a problem with one of these components, it probably doesn't make sense to run a BIOS diagnostic every time. In this part of the BIOS, you can reduce the system startup time by enabling or disabling certain functions. For example, those that we indicated above. Below are the recommended settings.

Boot Virus Detection(boot virus detection): "Enabled" Sometimes this item is located in the main section of the BIOS (“Standard” or “Main”). Today, boot viruses are not as common as they once were, but this feature will protect your data when booting from an infected floppy disk or CD-ROM.

CPU Level 1 Cache(processor L1 cache): "Enabled"

CPU Level 2 Cache(processor L2 cache): "Enabled".

Quick Power On Self Test(quick test): "Enabled" This item allows you to avoid repeating memory testing several times when you turn on the PC. If you have faulty memory, this test still won’t detect it.

First, Second, or Third Boot Device(first, second, or third boot devices): Set your boot order and disable any devices you don't plan to boot from.

Boot Other Device(boot from another device): "Disabled" unless you plan to boot from a network card or SCSI device.

Boot Up Floppy Seek(drive check at boot): "Disabled" Extra waste of time, and extra noise.

Boot Up NumLock Status(state of the "NumLock" key when loading): choose here yourself. Some people like that the NumLock key is activated when booting Windows, others - no.

Gate A20 Option(Gate A20 option): FAST. Although this feature has lost its significance under Windows XP, we still recommend leaving it enabled. Older versions of Windows and OS/2 work better if the parameter is set to FAST. The only reason to set this parameter to "Normal" is when loading DOS.

Typematic Rate Setting(dial speed): "Disabled" Here you can choose for yourself. This setting determines how often keyboard characters will be pressed when holding a specific key.

APIC Mode(APIC mode): "Enabled" Behind the APIC lies an Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller, which is responsible for supporting multiple processors, additional IRQs and faster interrupt processing.

OS/2 Onboard Memory > 64M(OS/2 memory > 64 MB): "Disabled". This setting only applies to users who will be running the now legacy OS/2 operating system from IBM.

Full Screen LOGO Show(display full screen logo): your choice. When the option is enabled, the memory counter and the Power-On Self-Test (POST) are hidden behind the graphic image. If this option is disabled, you will see the normal loading screen. Actually, it is present on most computers. Some users like to hide the POST screen, while others like to watch the process.

POST Complete Report(full POST report): Take your pick. When you enable this option, you will receive a full POST report.

Overclockers and enthusiasts trying to increase system performance often increase the bus and core frequencies of the processor. In addition, they often increase the voltage of the components, since this can achieve higher clock speeds, but also generates more heat.

Overclocking no longer results in the kind of performance difference we were accustomed to a few years ago. In addition, overclocking voids the user's warranty, can lead to component failure, and the system may become unstable. For this reason, most frequency and voltage settings in this section of the BIOS should be left at "AUTO". If you want to adjust the settings, click on the "Advanced" tab of the BIOS screen, and then select the "Advanced Chipset Features" branch.

CPU External Freq. (MHz)(external processor frequency, MHz): Make sure it is set according to the specifications of your processor.

CPU Frequency Multiple Setting(set the processor multiplier): AUTO.

CPU Frequency Multiple(CPU Multiplier): Make sure the multiplier is set according to the CPU specifications.

In other BIOSes, the multiplier item may be called "CPU Multiplier". To understand the meaning of the multiplier, remember that the processor frequency is different from the rest of your system. Our example uses an AMD Athlon 2600+ processor, whose frequency is 2133 MHz. The processor FSB frequency is 133.33 MHz. The processor operating frequency of 2133 MHz (2.133 GHz) is set by multiplying the FSB frequency by a multiplier. IN in this case we just get 16 x 133.33 = 2133.

Through testing, AMD has determined that the 2133 MHz processor is as fast (or even faster) than the 2.6 GHz Intel processor. Since consumers typically use clock speeds to judge performance, AMD had to find a way to convince consumers that lower clock frequency AMD processors do not mean less performance. For this purpose, model numbers were introduced. So it should come as no surprise that the AMD Athlon 2600+ (in our example) is actually clocked at 2.133 GHz rather than 2.6 GHz.

System Performance (system performance): "Optimal" (optimal).

CPU Interface(CPU interface): "Optimal"

Memory Frequency(memory interface): "By SPD" (via SPD). Most memory module manufacturers add a special chip (Serial Presence Detect, SPD), which tells the computer's BIOS the module size, frequency, voltage and other memory parameters. These settings are determined by the manufacturer to ensure maximum performance and reliability. This is why we recommend leaving the "By SPD" option. If you adjust the memory settings manually, you can squeeze out a little more performance. But be careful: the system may start to crash at random times, not boot properly, or refuse to boot at all.

Overclocking options in advanced BIOS settings, continued

Memory Timings(memory delays): "Optimal" (optimal).

FSB Spread Spectrum: "Disabled" This feature allows systems to pass European electromagnetic interference (EMI) tests. It constantly changes, albeit slightly, the Front Side Bus (FSB) frequency. Please be aware that enabling this feature may result in interruptions to your Internet connection and may also cause stability issues when overclocking your system.

AGP Spread Spectrum: "Disabled" The same thing is true here as stated in the previous paragraph. Except that the frequency of the Advanced Graphics Port (AGP) interface is modulated.

CPU VCore Setting(processor core voltage setting): "AUTO".

CPU VCore(CPU Core Voltage): Make sure this setting is set according to the CPU specifications.

There are so many different processors on the market today that it is unlikely that one example can describe them all. Below we have provided a partial table showing the name of the CPU, the actual operating frequency, the rated core voltage and the maximum permissible temperature.

Athlon processors	Frequency (GHz)	Core Voltage (V)	Max. temperature (°C)
XP 1700	1,467	1,50	90
XP 1900	1,60	1,50	90
XP 2000	1,667	1,60	90
XP 2100	1,733	1,60	90
XP 2200	1,80	1,60	90
XP 2400	2,0	1,60	85
XP 2600	2,133	1,65	85
XP 2700	2,171	1,65	85
XP 2800	2,250	1,65	85

Graphics Aperture Size(AGP aperture size): 64 MB or 128 MB. This function controls the Graphics Address Relocation Table (GART) and the amount of memory that the AGP bus can address. Regardless of the memory size of your graphics card, we recommend specifying 64 or 128 MB. As a result, the video card will provide optimized performance even if the application requires additional memory for textures - at the same time, GART will not go beyond reasonable limits.

AGP Frequency(AGP frequency): "AUTO".

System BIOS Cacheable(system BIOS caching): "Disabled" You might think that caching is a good thing. Yes, but not always. Enabling this feature may cause the system to crash if a program attempts to write data to the cached area of ​​the BIOS. If you are using DOS, then it is better to enable the function.

Video RAM Cacheable(video memory caching): "Disabled" This option allows you to copy the video memory directly to the L2 cache, which is faster than the video card ROM. However, Windows today has advanced much further than DOS, so it uses the video card ROM very rarely. Since the L2 cache is limited in size, we recommend using it to improve the efficiency of other tasks.

DDR Reference Voltage(DDR module voltage): 2.6V. The setting controls the voltage of your system's Double Data Rate (DDR) memory modules.

AGP VDDQ Voltage(AGP VDDQ voltage): 1.5V. VDDQ is a technical abbreviation (Voltage between Drain and common for Data Quad-band). But we won't go into details. All you need to understand is that the voltage of the AGP port of the video card is set here.

AGP 8X Support(AGP 8X support): Enable this option if your video card supports the 8X AGP interface. In addition, motherboards with a VIA chipset should install "VIA 4-in-1" drivers.

AGP Fast Write Capability(AGP Fast Write Support): We recommend enabling this option. This feature allows you to bypass main RAM when writing from the chipset to an AGP device, improving performance by up to 10%. However, some cards and games may have problems enabling this feature. We recommend experimenting to determine which setting works best for your PC.

This section of the BIOS contains settings for the built-in peripherals installed on the motherboard. This includes serial and parallel ports, audio, LAN, USB ports, etc. If some ports are not used, but they are enabled in the BIOS, then the ports consume extra system resources. It's still better to turn them off.

Primary VGA BIOS(main BIOS VGA): This feature is only used if your PC has two graphics cards installed: one AGP (accelerated graphics port) and one PCI (peripheral component interconnect). The system must know which card to initialize first and consider as the primary one. If you have one video card, then most likely it supports the AGP interface. For most cases the default setting is not correct and should be changed to AGP VGA Card. If you really have two video cards, then choose the main one. It will display information about the POST test and OS loading.

USB Controllers(USB controllers): This feature allows you to limit the functionality of your PC's Universal Serial Bus (USB) controllers. You can select "USB 1.1 only", "USB 1.1 and 2.0" and turn off USB altogether. For most users, the best option will be to configure USB 1.1 and 2.0

.

USB Legacy Support(support for legacy USB devices): This feature should be enabled if your PC is equipped with a USB keyboard and you want to use it in a DOS environment or before loading the OS (in the boot menu, for example). If the setting is disabled, the keyboard will not work after booting from a floppy disk or CD-ROM. And you won't be able to enter the BIOS either. If your PC uses a USB keyboard (rectangular connector), then set the setting to "Enabled". If you have a PS/2 keyboard (round connector), set "Disabled". Please note that enabling this feature may result in problems waking up from Standby or Hibernate modes, or may cause your PC to shut down incorrectly. In other words, activate the feature only when necessary.

USB Mouse Support(USB mouse support): The same is true as for the previous point. It is best to disable this option.

Onboard AC97 Audio Controller(built-in AC97 sound controller): If your PC is equipped with an additional sound card, such as the Sound Blaster Audigy, or your system does not have speakers, then disable the built-in sound card ("Disabled"). Then you will free up precious resources and prevent potential conflicts. However, many computers use integrated sound solutions, so you should leave the option enabled there ( "Enabled").

Onboard AC97 Modem Controller(AC97 built-in modem controller): Some motherboards use a built-in dial-up modem. If there is no modem socket, a modem is not needed at all, or a separate modem card is used, then the option should be disabled (“Disabled”). Otherwise - enable ("Enabled").

Onboard LAN (nVidia)(built-in LAN controller): this option allows you to enable or disable the built-in network card. The options are "Auto" or "Disabled". The ASUS motherboard used for our review has two built-in network cards, which are especially useful in cases where the PC is used as a router for distributing an Internet connection: one network card connects to a cable/DSL modem, and the second to a switch on your network . If you only use one network port or do not need a network at all, then turn off the controller to free up valuable resources.

Onboard LAN (3Com)(Built-in LAN Controller): This option applies to the second built-in LAN controller. The same thing is true here as stated above.

Peripheral settings in BIOS (Integrated Peripherals), continued

Onboard 1394 Device (FireWire)(Built-in 1394 Controller): This feature enables or disables your PC's built-in IEEE 1394 (FireWire) port. If you are not using any FireWire devices, then disable the option to free up valuable resources.

Floppy Disk Access Controller(disk drive controller): for most modern boards no disk drives. If this is true for your PC, or you don’t need the drive, then disable it and free up resources. Note: If you have a floppy drive installed and you turn it off in the BIOS, you will not be able to use it until you turn the feature back on in the BIOS.

Onboard Serial Port 1(built-in serial port): Most users no longer use serial ports to connect peripherals, since this interface has now been almost completely replaced by USB. If you are not using serial ports, disable them to free up resources. On the other hand, if the serial port is used, then set the option "3F8/IRQ4".

Onboard Serial Port 2(built-in serial port): The same as above is true. If the port is in use, set the value to "2F8/IRQ3".

UART2 Use As(UART2 usage type): UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) is a chip that receives and transmits data serially. Each serial port uses this chip, although it is possible to integrate multiple UARTs into a single chip. Many motherboards offer IR pins instead of COM2, so take your pick. But remember that for the IR port you must install an IR adapter, usually sold separately.

Onboard Parallel Port(built-in parallel port): This feature allows you to select the parallel port mode or disable it altogether. If you do not use the parallel port, then disabling the option will free up valuable system resources. If the port is used, we recommend setting the value "378/IRQ7".

Parallel Port Mode(parallel port mode): If you have disabled the parallel port, then this setting has no effect. However, when enabling the parallel port, you can set the modes to "EPP" (enhanced parallel port) or "ECP" (enhanced capabilities port). "EPP" mode is recommended if your system has only one device that uses the parallel port (for example, a printer). Select "ECP" if you have multiple devices connected to the port: say, an external zip drive, scanner, printer, or tape drive. Make sure you use parallel cables that are IEEE 1284 certified.

ECP DMA Select(ECP DMA Channel Selection): If you have selected "ECP" or "EPP plus ECP" modes for the parallel port, this option will also appear. With its help, you can set the direct memory access channel (DMA, Direct Memory Access) that you plan to use. We recommend the default value of "3".

Onboard Game Port(built-in game port): if your system has a separate sound card, or you don't use MIDI devices or older joysticks, then this feature should be disabled in order to free up valuable resources. If you are using the built-in game port, then set the default value to “201”.

Onboard MIDI I/O(built-in MIDI interface): MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) allows you to connect musical instruments with PC hardware and software. If the computer is not used to connect external MIDI devices, then feel free to disable the option. Otherwise, we recommend the default value of "330".

Onboard MIDI IRQ: same as above. If you are using MIDI devices, then set the default setting to "10".

This area of ​​the BIOS is where most users get confused. If not shown here correct settings, the system will no longer shut down properly and will not exit Standby or Hibernate states correctly. Since Windows already has built-in power management, all relevant options in the BIOS can be turned off. Otherwise they will conflict with each other and neither will work correctly. Motherboard manufacturers understand that not everyone uses Windows, so most settings are intended for users of other OSes.

ACPI Suspend to RAM: ACPI stands for Advanced Configuration and Power Interface - do not confuse it with APIC or IPCA, which are also options in some BIOSes. The "Suspend to RAM" feature, also called S3/STR, allows the computer to save more power during standby mode, but all devices connected to the computer must be ACPI compatible. Some BIOS have an "S1/POS" option for this scenario. If you enable this feature and have problems with standby mode, go back to the BIOS and turn it off.

Video Off Method(video off method): DPMS stands for Display Power Management System. This option allows the BIOS to manage a graphics card that supports the "DPMS" feature. The Blank Screen option simply produces a blank black screen - it should be used for those monitors that do not support green options or power saving mode. The "V/H SYNC Blank" option not only produces a black screen, but also turns off vertical and horizontal scanning. If your computer and monitor were released in recent years five, then we recommend the "DPMS" option.

HDD Down In Suspend(HDD shutdown in Suspend mode): The function determines whether the hard disk will be automatically turned off in Suspend mode. Most of these settings are controlled by Windows, but if your hard drive does not turn off when the computer enters Suspend mode, then enable this option. Otherwise, it is better to leave it turned off (“Disabled”).

PWR Button< 4 Secs (Power key): By default, all ATX computers turn off if you hold down the power key for more than four seconds. This setting tells the computer what to do if the power key is held down for less than four seconds. You can either turn off the system or switch it to “Suspend” mode. So decide for yourself.

Power Up On PCI Device(PCI Device Enabled): If you are using Wake-On-LAN - this option is often used in large office environments to remote activation computers - then leave the option enabled ("Enabled"). Otherwise, we recommend turning off this option (“Disabled”).

Wake/Power Up on Ext. Modem(Wake on via external modem): This feature allows the computer to automatically turn on when the modem telephone line is activated. Yet again, convenient function for remote control. In other environments, that is, for most users, it is better to turn it off (“Disabled”).

Automatic Power Up(auto-on): This feature allows you to set a time when your computer will automatically turn on. If you need such a function, then turn it on ("Enabled"). Otherwise, turn it off ("Disabled").

Time (hh:mm:ss) of Alarm(on time): here you can set the time for automatic switching on. Don't forget to turn on the "Automatic Power Up" feature.

AC Power Loss Restart(Power on after power loss): This option tells the computer what it should do after an unexpected power loss and restoration. If the option is disabled ("Disabled"), the system will not start. If enabled ("Enabled"), the system will reboot. We recommend turning this option off ("Disabled").

Power On By PS/2 Mouse(switch on via PS/2 mouse): if the option is enabled, a PS/2 mouse (not USB) can be used to turn on the PC. Turn off ("Disabled") this option to avoid turning on the computer by accidentally touching the mouse.

Power On By PS/2 Keyboard(PS/2 Keyboard Wake): When this function is activated, you can turn on the system using special keys. It is better to turn off the function (“Disabled”) so as not to accidentally make the wrong key.

This area of ​​the BIOS exists primarily to resolve compatibility issues with older hardware. Most users do not need to change the default settings here.

Reset Configuration Data(reset configuration data): ESCD (Extended System Configuration Data) contains information about all non-PnP devices (plug and play). It also stores system information from the previous boot. Enable this option to clear data during the Power-On-Self-Test (POST). Typically, cleaning is done when diagnosing any component that is not working correctly. After enabling the option ("Enabled") and exiting BIOS data configurations will be cleared and the option will automatically turn off (“Disabled”).

Resources Controlled By(resource management): This setting allows the computer to either set IRQs automatically or manually assign IRQs to all devices. Please note that manually specifying an IRQ may cause problems. This option is only necessary when working with older, non-PnP peripherals. It is recommended to set to "AUTO"(ESCD).

IRQ Resources(IRQ resources): This option will allow you to manually configure IRQ. It is activated only if you selected manual indication ("MANUAL") in the previous paragraph.

PCI/VGA Palette Snoop: This feature usually applies to add-on graphics cards like MPEG encoders. They don't have their own color palette, so they must snoop the palette from the system video card. If, like most users, you do not have an additional video device connected to your video card, then disable this setting ("Disabled").

BIOS security options allow you to restrict outsiders from accessing the BIOS or computer to prevent them from making any changes. Since BIOS settings are critical for proper operation PC, many administrators in companies block BIOS password.

Security Option(security option): This option allows you to protect changes to the BIOS with a password ("Setup" option). In addition, here you can specify that a password is requested every time the PC boots (the "System" option).

Set Supervisor Password(set administrative password): If you specify an administrative password, it will be requested when you enter the BIOS (when you select the "Setup" option above). If in the paragraph above you specified the “System” option, then a password is also required for “cold” boot.

Set User Password(set user password): Here you can specify a password that will be requested from users when they boot the PC. If the Supervisor Password is also specified, then in the BIOS the user will only be able to change the time and date.

Note: If you forget or lose your passwords, you will have to reset the BIOS to factory settings by temporarily changing the jumper on the motherboard.

In this part of the BIOS you can monitor voltages, fan speeds and temperatures. On the ASUS motherboard used in our article, you can also change the fan speed depending on temperature parameters. In addition, you can set the CPU temperature alarm, which will be activated when it overheats. Another possibility is to turn off the computer after exceeding the threshold temperature. Then your processor will not burn out from overheating or in any extreme situations.

If the BIOS has similar capabilities, then they are all included in a section and clearly labeled. Because modern processors run very hot, we recommend enabling monitoring features to prevent potential hazards.

Each CPU has its own temperature limits. For example, for AMD Athlon they are given at the beginning of this article. In general, if the BIOS contains the options “issue a warning beep” or “shut down the computer if a specific temperature is reached or exceeded”, then they usually indicate several temperature values ​​from which you can choose any. We recommend setting the second temperature after the hottest one.

Conclusion on BIOS setup

Since the BIOS of modern computers differs in many ways, your computer's BIOS may have some functions not discussed in this article. For more information and answers to questions, we recommend visiting the following websites: Wim's BIOS And Adrian's RojakPot .

Good luck with setting up and optimizing the BIOS!

This article will talk about ways in which you can reset the BIOS settings on your computer or laptop if any problems arise in its operation.

Useful articles on the topic

Sometimes, for a variety of reasons, it is necessary to reset the BIOS settings of a computer (motherboard). These settings store most of the parameters that are responsible for the operation of the computer and all its devices. Below are several ways to reset these settings to default values :

Resetting BIOS settings via the BIOS menu

This the method will work in the event that it is possible to access the BIOS when turning on the computer. To do this, when you turn on the computer, press a special button, which is responsible for entering the BIOS settings. Most often, this button is the Del (Delete) button.

Further actions depend on the manufacturer of the motherboard and the BIOS in it. It should not be difficult to distinguish which BIOS is in the motherboard visually; just look at the explanatory pictures for the instructions for each type of BIOS.

Reset BIOS Settings in Award Bios

Using the keyboard, go to the “Load Optimized Defaults” item. Press the Enter key, then when prompted for confirmation, select “OK” using the keyboard arrows. Press Enter.

Now go to the "Save & Exit Setup" item. Press Enter, after which the computer should reboot and the BIOS settings should be reset.

Reset BIOS Settings in Phoenix Bios

Use the keyboard arrows (left, right) to go to the top menu tab called “Exit”.

There we find the item "Load Setup Defaults". Select it using the up and down arrows and press the Enter key. A window will appear in which you need to confirm your desire to reset the BIOS settings - select “OK” and press Enter.

Now you need to select "Exit & Save Changes".

Go there, press Enter, if it asks for confirmation, select “OK”, and press Enter again. The computer should restart and reset the BIOS settings.

Reset BIOS Settings in ASRock UEFI BIOS

In the top menu, go to the "Exit" tab.

Select "Load UEFI Defaults".

To the question "Load UEFI Defaults?" We answer “Yes”.

Now select the “Save Changes and Exit” item.

To the next question in the form “Save configuration changes and exit setup?” We answer “Yes”.

After this, the BIOS settings will be reset and the computer will restart.

Resetting BIOS settings in ASUS UEFI BIOS

ASUS motherboards have two UEFI interfaces - one was used on older motherboards released before about 2014, the second is used on all currently produced motherboards. Therefore, if you do not visually recognize the interface of your BIOs/UEFI, do not rush to close the page with these instructions, but simply scroll further.

First option

In the lower right corner, look for the “Default (F5)” button and click on it.

A window will appear asking you to confirm the action being performed. Select "OK".

Now the main menu will open in front of us again. In the upper right corner we find the "Exit/Advanced Mode" button and click on it.

Select "Save Changes & Reset".

The computer will reboot and the BIOS settings will be reset.

Second option

Press the F5 key, or the " Default (F5)" at the bottom of the screen.

In the window that appears, select " OK", or press the Enter key.

Then select " Save & Exit(F10)" (or press the F10 key).

And press again " OK", or the Enter key.

Reset BIOS Settings in MSI UEFI BIOS

In the BIOS main menu, select "Mainboard settings" ("Settings").

Select the item "Save & Exit".

In the menu that opens, select "Restore Defaults".

A window will appear asking you to confirm the action - “Load Optimized Defaults?” We answer "YES".

Now you need to exit, saving the reset BIOS settings. To do this, go to the "Save Changes and Reboot" item.

When asked if we really want to reboot - Save configuration and reset - we answer "YES.

The computer will then restart and its BIOS settings will be reset to default settings.

Resetting BIOS settings by removing the battery

First you need to turn off and unplug your computer.

To do this, you need to find the power supply on the back of the system unit and turn it off with a special button. It is also a good idea to pull out the power cord from it; this is necessary if there is no power switch.

Inside you need to find a round CR2032 battery, most often it is located at the bottom of the motherboard. In order to remove the battery, you need to press the special holder.

After the battery is removed, you need to hold down the power button for 10-15 seconds. Since the system unit is de-energized, it will not turn on, but it will completely discharge any existing accumulated electricity in the computer. At this point, the BIOS settings will be reset.

Now you can close the system unit by returning the cover to its place, plug in the power cord and turn on the power supply, after which you can turn on the computer.

Resetting BIOS settings via jumper

We de-energize the system unit by turning off the power supply with a special switch located near the entrance to the power cord.

Next, remove the cover of the system unit and get inside the computer. Now we are looking for a special jumper on the motherboard. It looks like a blue (in most cases) jumper that is connected to two pins; there should be three pins in total. Typically, such a jumper is labeled as “Clear CMOS”, “CLR”, “CLEAR”, “PSSWRD”.

2015-12-01 | Published in: Bios 38 comments

Hi all! In this article I will describe and translate all the important points and sections of the AWARD BIOS. Let's look at the BIOS of this manufacturer using the "Award Modular BIOS v6.00 PG" version as an example.
So, let's begin...
In order to enter the BIOS on your “machine”, you must - after turning on the computer - press the key (or ), depends on the BIOS, PC or laptop manufacturer.
Control in the BIOS is carried out by the following keys (I will describe only the main ones):
<>, <↓>, <←>, <→>- moving through points;
- select the desired section/item;
- in the main menu, exit the BIOS, where a notification appears “about accepting and saving the current settings” on or “cancel”. It is also used to exit sections to the main BIOS menu.

<+/PgUp>- change item settings (up);
<-/PgDn>- change item settings (down);
<+>and - work only on Num Lock;
- setting secure BIOS settings;
- installation of optimized BIOS settings;
- save or not save changes in the BIOS (- yes, - no), then exit the BIOS.
And so you entered the BIOS and became familiar with the control keys. Now we will consider all the main sections of this BIOS version. Naturally, let's start with the main menu.

1. Standard CMOS Features

2. Advanced BIOS Features

3. Integrated Peripherals

4. Power Management Setup

5. PnP/PCI Configurations (PNP/PCI Service Configuration) so this function has lost its relevance in our time, I won’t even consider this small section (setting up interruptions for cards installed in PCI slots) in the options of this section we set Auto.

6. PC Health Status

7. Frequency/Voltage Control (Control of voltages and operating frequencies of devices)

8. Load Fail-Safe Defaults.

9. Load Optimized Defaults

10. Set Supervisor Password

11. Set User Password

And so we figured out the meaning of the sections of the Main Menu - now let's look at all the sections in order and the most basic points that PC users would like to know, and in general everyone who is interested in this;)

Let's take a closer look at the Standard CMOS Features section

Date and Time set the working date and time using<+>, <>, <↓>, <←>, <→>.

IDE Channel displays a list of connected drives to the IDE controller of the chipset. The picture indicates that two devices are connected: two hard drives indicating their serial numbers and drive names. And, the numbering of channels and the option for connecting drives are also indicated (Master - main, Slave - slave). I advise you to set the channel detection value to auto.

Drive A and Floppy 3 Mode Support set the parameters as in the picture None and Disabled (disabled) - floppy disk drive, which has long been considered an obsolete device.

Halt On- select the option to load the OS when errors are detected during initial testing. Personally, I always set it as in the screenshot - All, Buy Keyboard, i.e. if an error is detected, the system writes it and prompts you to press the key (often F1) to continue loading the OS, you can write down the error, go to the Internet and see how it is resolved - reboot and fix it;) There are also two more worthwhile options at this point

All Errors- your OS will boot if no errors are found.

No Errors- if errors are detected, your OS will still boot.

Extend Memory information about the RAM (Random Access Memory) installed in the system.

Go to the Advanced BIOS Features section

First point in this section Hard Disk Boot Priority(Hard disk boot priority). This item is intended to select from which media the search for the installed OS will begin. If you have two hard drives installed, you should click on this item, then install using the keys<+>, <>, <↓>OS search order on media. Look like in the picture, I naturally set the first one: “Ch0 - primary channel M. - main mode (Master) and after the colon the firm and model of the hard drive ST - seagate380011A” I have the operating system installed on it. You can exit from this point or immediately save and confirm.

Next, an even more interesting section is very important, it’s called First Boot Device(First boot device), in this item we set the type of device from which you want to install the operating system on the PC or already boot from the installed one.

The BIOS offers many settings options, I will describe the most important ones for you:

CD-ROM(built-in drive) is selected when installing the OS from a bootable laser disk;

USB-FDD And USB-HDD select when installing/booting the OS from a bootable USB flash drive;

USB-CDROM(external drive that connects via USB port).

Also, using simple keys, select the device that suits your case and save the changes. The recommended setup is CD-ROM, but every time you start the computer, the system will search for the OS on the drive, and then only go to the lower (second) level, which is called Second Boot Device.

Second Boot Device(Second boot device) the same setting as in the paragraph above. Recommended Hard Disk setting.

Third Boot Device(The third boot device) can be set to Disabled mode.
Paragraph Password Check is intended for setting passwords (if they are set) not only for entering the BIOS (Setup), but also for entering the OS (Always).

HDD S.M.A.R.T Capability function for monitoring your hard drive (Enabled - on, Disabled - off). In some cases, it may warn you about an imminent hard drive failure, thereby giving you time to save important information - you should not rely on it;)

Limit CPUID max. to 3 function to recognize your processor, I don’t recommend bothering with it and set it to Disabled.

No-Execute Memory Protect- set Enabled

CPU Thermal Monitor 2 (TM2) monitors the overheating of your processor, a very necessary “trick” is set to Enabled. It can help you if there are problems with the cooling system of your PC.

Init Display First In this section, you are given a choice of which graphics processor will be used to output information to the monitor. If you have a video chipset built-in (integrated) into the motherboard and an external video card connected through a slot on the mat. board AGP (legacy bus) or PCI - Express, then of course in this function we select PCI, otherwise Onboard/PEG.

On-Chip Frame Buffer Size- indicates how much can be allocated system memory To suit the needs of the built-in video chipset (if there is one), I advise you to set the 8mb parameter. We're done with this section, let's move on to the next one.

Integrated Peripherals

On-Chip Primary PCI IDE- this option configures the IDE channel (through which throughout the example of the article my hard drives are connected), naturally Enabled. If your media is connected via new SATA connectors, then Disabled.

On-Chip Sata Mode- I advise you to set the value as in the picture - auto. The option configures the IDE/SATA chipset controller.

USB Controller- this function is responsible for the USB controller of your PC, of ​​course Enabled.

USB 2.0 Controller - this function is responsible for the exchange speed through USB ports, of course Enabled.

USB Keyboard Support- the option is responsible for supporting USB keyboards at the BIOS level, turn it off.

USB Mouse Support- the option is responsible for USB mouse support at the BIOS level, turn it off.

Legacy USB storage detect- the option is responsible for identifying and supporting devices connected to the USB port at the BIOS level, enable it.

Azalia Codec- set auto, thereby enabling the built-in software. sound subsystem board.

Onboard H/W LAN- integrated network device management option - Enabled.

Onboard LAN Boot ROM- option to implement installation via the OS network using an integrated network controller, disable.

Onboard Serial Port 1- COM 1 port option, set to auto.

Onboard Parallel Port- LPT port option, if the port is not used (very likely) - Disabled.

Power Management Setup

ACPI Suspended Type- options S1 (POS) and S3 (STR), the option allows you to configure which energy saving mode to use. We choose S3 (STR) - it is more economical.

Soft-Off by PWR-BTTN- Instant - Off and Delay 4 Sec. options, option to configure the power button on the front panel of the PC. The first option (Instant - Off) - instant shutdown, the second option (Delay 4 Sec.) - necessary POWER button hold for 4 seconds, you choose.

PME Event Wake Up- disable the option.

Power On by Ring- disable the option.

Resume by Alarm- “alarm clock” mode :) You can set the time when your PC will turn on - it’s better to turn it off.

Power On By Mouse- turn on the PC using a mouse click, turn it off.

Power On By Keyboard- turn on the PC by pressing a key.

AC Back Function- determines whether the computer should automatically boot after a power failure. Install Soft-Off, this is not useful for a home computer.

PC Health Status - section for automatic monitoring of system cooling

Reset Case Open Status(resetting the case intrusion sensor) - set to Disabled

Case Opened- Yes (the case was opened)

Voltage parameters.

Current CPU Temperature 64 C- the current temperature of your “stone” - the processor.

Current CPU FAN Speed ​​2626 RPM- rotation speed of the cooler that cools the processor.

Current SYSTEM FAN Speed ​​0 RPM- the rotation speed of the cooler that cools the mother is 0 in my example, because This fan is not installed.

CPU Warning Temperature- setting the critical temperature of your “stone”, upon reaching which it will give a signal. For different processors, set their critical temperatures accordingly.

CPU FAN Fail Warning- the option allows you to monitor the rotation speed of the processor cooling fan, set it to Enabled. If your cooler stops working, before loading the OS, the system will report an error like "CPU FAN Error", which allows you to take measures to avoid going to the store;)

SYSTEM FAN Fail Warning- the option is similar to the one I described above, only it applies to the fan that blows on the motherboard, it will also give an error before loading the OS. If such a cooler is not installed, turn off the option - Disabled.

CPU Smart FAN Control- a smart option that allows you to automatically adjust the rotation speed of the processor cooler depending on the load, less noise when the PC is idle - Enabled.

Frequency/Voltag Control (Control of voltages and operating frequencies of devices)

I suggest and advise you not to mess with these settings and set the parameters so that the system recognizes frequencies and voltages automatically, as is necessary for stable operation of the hardware. See the screenshot, adjust if this is not the case for you.

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