Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation. Lesson plan
Purpose laboratory work is the practical mastery of the operating room Windows systems 7 – her graphical shell, entry and exit, desktop structure, basic actions and settings when working in the system.
Workshop:
1. System startup
Turn on your computer with Windows 7 installed. In less than a minute, the system boots and is ready to use. Output start menu with usernames.
2. User Login and Authentication
Select your username and click on the picture next to the name. As a rule, the standard name User is already entered into the system. If the user has a password, enter it. After logging in, the desktop is displayed on the screen.
3. Desktop structure, my computer, control panel
The desktop consists of application icons (for example, Internet Explorer) and taskbar - usually gray, in the lower part. In the lower left corner there is a Start button, when clicked the user can select the initial action - launching an application, creating a document, etc. The appearance and background of the desktop when different settings may vary. To change the desktop background, click on the background image right button mouse and context menu select Properties / Desktop, and then select the desired background image from the drop-down list.
The main items of the start menu, visualized as a result of pressing the Start button:
1. Computer – information about the computer, its resources, devices, name, OS installed on it;
2.Documents – standard folder For created documents(You can place documents in any other folder that is more convenient for you);
3. Control Panel- control Panel;
4. Search programs and files – search and launch programs and open files;
5. (at the bottom) Shut down - exit your user session, turn off the computer or restart the system.
Take a closer look at the control panel. It allows you to manage computer resources. For example, the Programs and Features item allows you to install new programs, uninstall or reinstall (“repair”) already installed ones.
Select in start menu Computer item. In this case, information about the state of the computer is visualized in a special window.
The Computer window visualizes information about drives and some of the most important folders and offers a selection of possible actions and a set of other information nodes for transition to them (for example, Network).
To visualize the basic properties of a computer ( system information) select from the start menu: Computer / (Right mouse button) / Properties. A window with system information appears.
You see information about the OS, memory size, processor type and a number of links, e.g. Device Manager, by clicking on it, you will receive detailed information about the composition of your computer’s hardware and installed drivers. The interface is designed as a web page.
4. Working with files and folders
Working with files and folders (folders) – repositories of links to files and other folders – is carried out using the program Windows Explorer. The Windows Explorer window visualizes information about the drives and main folders of the computer. If you double-click on the C: drive, the contents of its root folder are visualized, which may contain other folders, etc. Folder navigation is done using arrows<- и -> .
Selecting a file or folder in a directory is performed with one click of the mouse, entering a directory or opening a file - double click mouse on the directory or file name. In this case, for the file, the action of opening it is performed, depending on its type - for text files - calling the appropriate editor (notepad, WordPad, MS Word, etc.), for .pdf files - calling Adobe Acrobat, for executable codes or batch files– launching the corresponding program or script, etc. Experiment on your computer with navigating files and folders and opening document files.
5. Launching programs, managing tasks, programs and processes
There are several ways to run the program:
1. from Windows Explorer – double-click on its file name;
2. From the Start menu – select Search programs and files. This is one of the most convenient innovations in the user interface of the Windows 7 system. When searching, as you type a program name, lists of programs and files with that name (name prefix) are displayed, which makes it very convenient to select a program to launch. By selecting the notepad editor name. get a window to launch it by clicking on the program name;
3. Launch the program from the command line (Command Prompt): select Start / Search Programs and Files / cmd. After starting the command processor, its window is visualized. In the Command Prompt window, type the name of the program (for example, notepad) and press Enter.
Use a Windows program to manage your tasks Task Manager, which you can launch by pressing simultaneously Ctrl keys/Alt/Del. As a result, the system will first ask you what exactly you want to do. Confirm the launch of Task Manager. In this case, the program window is visualized Windows Task Manager (Performance)
The Applications tab contains information about the programs you called. If, for example, a program freezes, select it and click "End Task", as a result of which the program will be removed from the system. The Processes tab visualizes information about all processes running in the system. The Performance tab visualizes information about processor and memory usage, which may be useful to you in case of any unplanned delays in your computer. Experiment with the Windows Task Manager tabs.
6. Network settings
To connect a computer to a local TCP/IP network, you must perform network settings– set the IP address and network mask.
Make (check) a physical connection to the network by connecting to the network connector (RJ45) network cable twisted pair ( twisted pair), which connects your computer to a network hub or switch. Availability physical connection indicated by a green indicator light (check).
Used to connect to the network LAN card(network adapter). Your task is to correctly set the computer's IP address. To do this, select Start / Control Panel / Network and Sharing Center. Then select Change adapter settings. A list window will appear network connections. In this window, select Local Area Connection - connection via local network, then select Properties. In the window, select TCP/IPv4 and click Properties.
As a rule, "Obtain IP address automatically" is selected by default. Select "Use the following IP address" and enter the IP address of your computer and the network mask according to the example. Click OK. The system will require you to restart for the changes to take effect. Now your computer is ready to work on the local network.
7. Working on remote computers
When working on a local network, a very useful feature of Windows 7 is remote login to another computer on your local network. In Windows, this system function is called Remote Desktop Connection. To connect you must know the name of the other computer, for example, aphrodite.
To log in remotely, select Start / Remote Desktop Connection. As a result, the remote desktop call window is visualized
A list of computers with which remote communication has already been carried out is displayed. Select your computer name. The login window is visualized (Figure 1.1.7):
Figure 1.1.7. Window for remote login to another computer
You must click Connect, then enter your username and password. Your computer screen is then used as a terminal to visualize the actions you are performing on the remote computer. Now select Computer, display the computer name, etc. to make sure that you are now working remotely on another computer with indicated by name. Select the computer for remote login as directed system administrator local network of your classroom.
This feature is very convenient if remote computer has the resources you need (memory, fast processor, programs installed on it, etc.), which are not on your computer.
8. Logout
To log out of your user session, select Start / Shut down. The menu for selecting the final action is visualized.
2 academic hours
Windows 7 overview
Desktop structure, my computer, control panel
The appearance and background of the desktop may differ depending on the settings. In Fig. Figure 36.2 shows one of the custom desktop backgrounds. To change the desktop background, you need to right-click on the background image and select Properties / Desktop in the context menu, then select the desired background image in the drop-down list.
The main items of the start menu, visualized as a result of pressing the Start button:
- Computer – information about the computer, its resources, devices, name, OS installed on it
- Documents – standard folder for created documents (You can place documents in any other folder more convenient for you)
- Control Panel – control panel (Fig. 36.3)
- Search programs and files – search and launch programs and open files
- (at the bottom) Shut down – exits your user session, turning off the computer or restart the system.
Take a closer look at the control panel (Fig. 36.3). It allows you to manage computer resources. For example, the Programs and Features item allows you to install new programs, uninstall or reinstall (“repair”) already installed ones.
Select the item Computer in the start menu. In this case, the
https://accounts.google.com
Preview:
To use preview create yourself an account ( account) Google and log in: https://accounts.google.com
Preview:
Task 6
- Create a shortcut to launch Notepad on your desktop
Left-click on the Start button. In the menu that opens, select the menu item “All Programs” “Accessories” “Notepad”.
Right-click on the Notepad line. In the context menu that opens, select the command “Send” “Desktop (create shortcut)” and click left button mice.
A shortcut to Notepad will be created on your desktop.
Task 7
- Format the USB flash drive
To format a flash drive, you need to expand the “Computer” section and select “USB-Flash Drive” from the list of devices.
Then, right-click on the flash drive icon and select “Format” from the context menu that appears.
The Format dialog box opens, allowing you to select a file system to store your data and assign a cluster size.
To format, you need to click the “Start” button and your flash drive will be formatted. By default, FAT32 is selected as the file system.
Theory:
Large files on a flash drive?
Almost every owner of a “thick” flash drive has encountered a problem when they need to send a movie to a friend on a flash drive... Or, in general, write a file larger than 4GB. A strange problem occurred: the flash drive is mega-capacious, almost empty... and Windowos displays “Not enough recording space.” Everything is in file systems that we just need to change.
The thing is that a standard FS flash drive, FAT32, cannot fit such large files. Although the file system is outdated, they still put it on a flash drive, because... it provides greater data safety when extracted incorrectly (i.e. if you simply snatch it from system unit flash drive with file system NTFS - information on it may be lost).
There is an alternative - ExFAT. It was mainly developed for flash drives. Allows you to write data a little faster, including more than 16GB, and does not damage it when extracted. But it is not supported by all computers - Windows XP requires installing an update to work with this file system.
The golden mean is NTFS.
- Be sure to save important information from a flash drive to a computer.
- Start the formatting process, select from the list " File system" -> "NTFS", click OK
- The program will format the flash drive into a new FS (all files are deleted!)
Is there a way without deleting files?YES. But it is not recommended...
- Launch the command line: press Win+R, type “cmd”, press Enter
Where G is the letter of the flash drive you want to convert
The flash drive will be formatted in "NTFS" format, and the command prompt window will show additional information about your flash drive.
Thus, you can quickly format a flash drive using: standard function formatting "Windows" and using the command line.
Page | ||
Preview:
Windows7 practical exercises
Task 8
- Create text file in Notepad
Left-click on the Start button. In the menu that opens, select the line “All Programs” “Accessories” “Notepad” and press the left mouse button Enter
A Notepad window will open.
Type the phrase on the sheet:This is my first document.
Save the created document in the “Drafts” folder
Hover your mouse over the File menu and left-click.
In the menu that opens, select the “Save” command and click the left mouse button. The Save As window will open.
Select the "Drafts" folder so that its name appears in the "Folder:" field. In the "File name:" field, enter a file name, for example: "Document 1".
Hover your mouse over the "Save" button and left-click (or simply press the "Enter" key on your keyboard). The document has been saved.
Save the file “Document 1” to a flash drive
Insert into the USB connector – USB-Flash Drive (USB-Flash drive).
Open the “Drafts” folder (“My Documents” “Documents” “Ivanov Ivan” “Drafts”).
Hover your mouse over the Document 1 file icon and right-click.
In the context menu that opens, select the “Send” command “ Removable drive G:". Click the left mouse button. The process of saving the file will begin.
Page | ||
Preview:
Windows7 practical exercises
Task 9
Change your desktop picture
To change the desktop picture, click the right mouse button (the cursor should be on a clean desktop, and not on any tabs or shortcuts), call up the context menu.
In the menu that opens, select Personalization.
In the “Personalization” window that opens, click the “Desktop Background” tab and left-click on it.
In the window " Background image» Select the desired desktop picture, left-click on it. A sample drawing will appear on the window screen.
You can install a picture from your collection by left-clicking on the “Browse” button. In the "Browse" window that opens, you need to select a folder and required file drawing.
If you check several images, then the Change image every field will become active and from the drop-down list you can select the time interval after which the images will replace each other.
But perhaps you want to make your drawing or photograph your desktop background. Then click the Browse A button and find the folder with your photos. Just keep in mind that if the photo or drawing does not fit the screen size, then you need to click the Fill B button and from the drop-down list select what you want to do with the drawing: stretch it, place it in the center, etc.
It is better to make a photo in advance that matches the size of your monitor screen, otherwise it will be cropped or distorted.
Page | ||
Preview:
To use the preview, create a Google account and sign in:
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education
Irkutsk State Agricultural Academy
Department of Informatics and Mathematical Modeling
Basics
in the Windows 7 operating system
Guidelines for performing laboratory work
in the discipline "Informatics"
Compiled by: Associate Professor of the Department of Informatics and Mathematical Modeling Pivnik L.V.,
Assistant of the Department of Informatics and Mathematical Modeling Astafieva M.N.
Irkutsk – 2012
UDC 681.3.066 (075.8)
Published by decision of the methodological commission of the Faculty of Economics of the Irkutsk State Agricultural Academy (protocol No. 7 of March 23, 2012)
Pivnik L.V., Astafieva M.N. Basics of working in the Windows 7 operating system: Guidelines for performing laboratory work. – Irkutsk: IrGSHA, 2012. – 60 p. – ill.
Reviewers:
Associate Professor of the Department of Informatics and Mathematical Modeling of the Irkutsk State Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ph.D. N.N. Antonov;
Associate Professor, Department of Informatics and Cybernetics, BSUEP, Ph.D. A.V. Burdukovskaya.
The guidelines outline the basic concepts and techniques for working in Windows 7. The exercises cover specific examples of executing commands on Windows 7 objects.
The instructions are intended for full-time and part-time students in all areas of bachelor's and specialist training in the discipline "Informatics", for graduate students and academy teachers, as well as for any novice users of a personal computer.
© M.N. Astafieva, L.V. Pivnik, 2012
© Publishing house IrGSHA, 2012
Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation 1
UDC 681.3.066 (075.8) 2
Introduction 4
2 Operating system Windows 7 11
Laboratory work 16
Selecting objects into a group 53
Exercise 16. Selecting objects into a group 53
1.Open the Documents folder. 53
Test on the topic “Basics of working in the Windows 7 operating system” 58
Literature 59
Introduction
The Windows 7 operating system is the latest powerful and reliable system with new computer and file management capabilities, which allows you to perform tasks on your personal computer much faster and easier. Windows 7 OS is a logical continuation of the Windows Vista operating system, while combining Windows speed XP and new designs Windows Vista.
The guidelines consist of three laboratory works, each of which presents theoretical material on the relevant topic, describes the basic techniques for working with certain computer devices, and also offers exercises to consolidate practical skills in working with Windows 7.
Lab #1 describes the basic elements Desktop, techniques for working with mouse, Windows 7 Help, and how to download and manage applications. The second laboratory work provides an opportunity to study the elements of the graphical interface, their purpose, as well as the basic techniques for working with windows in Windows 7. Completing laboratory work No. 3 will allow you to study and consolidate in practice the structure of organizing and storing information in Windows 7, as well as master the basic commands for working with files, folders and other objects. After each laboratory work, test questions are given, by answering which the student can check the level of acquired knowledge. The test task given at the end of the guidelines allows the teacher to evaluate the acquired skills of students on the topic under consideration.
Goal of the work: Gain experience in installing a modern Windows operating system. Get to know in practice the main groups of programs included in the system software.
Lesson plan:
1. Get familiar with the VirtualBox software.
2. Create a virtual machine based on the information provided about the minimum hardware requirements of the operating system (OS) proposed for installation and study.
3. Install OS on virtual computer. Break down the OS installation process into stages.
4. Get acquainted with the main groups of programs included in the OS.
Equipment:
Hardware: Personal Computer, Software part: program VirtualBox installation disk or disk image with OS
Windows Seven, word processor Microsoft Word.
Operating system - a set of programs that provides control of computer hardware, organizes work with files and execution application programs, which inputs and outputs data.
In general terms, an operating system is the first and main set of programs loaded into a computer. In addition to the above functions, the OS can perform others, for example, providing general user interface and so on.
Today the most famous operating systems are the OS family
Microsoft Windows and UNIX-like systems.
Main functions of operating systems:
− Standardized access to peripheral devices (input/output devices).
− Management RAM(distribution between processes, virtual memory).
− Controlling access to data on non-volatile media (such as HDD, CD, etc.) organized in one or another file system.
− User interface.
− Network Operations, protocol stack support.
− Parallel or pseudo-parallel execution of tasks (multitasking).
− Interaction between processes: data exchange, mutual synchronization.
− Protecting the system itself, as well as user data and programs, from actions of users (malicious or unknowing) or applications.
− Differentiation of access rights and multi-user mode of operation
Microsoft Windows is a family of operating systems from Microsoft. Works for Intel platforms, AMD, as well as on VIA and other processors, for
with some exceptions. Fans of OS/2, AmigaOS, Mac OS, Solaris, Linux and UNIX
everyone criticizes Windows versions since the system appeared on the market. However, the last 10 years Windows- the most popular operating system for desktop computers on x86 family processors. Much of this success is due to market policies, which are also criticized. There are two specific branches in the OS family
Windows is a real-time OS designed to control industrial equipment, created as a stripped-down version of Windows NT or XP.
Windows Mobile(Formerly WinCE) - used to control handheld computers, communicators and cell phones.
Windows 7 - operating system Windows family NT, next to Windows
IN Windows line The NT system has version number 6.1
Windows 2000 - 5.0,
Windows XP - 5.1,
Windows Server 2003 - 5.2,
Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 - 6.0.
three years after the release of the previous operating system, Windows Vista. Partners and clients with a Volume Licensing license were granted access to RTM on July 24, 2009.
Windows 7 included some developments excluded from Windows Vista, as well as innovations in the interface and built-in programs. From Windows composition 7 games Inkball, Ultimate Extras were excluded; applications that have analogues in Windows Live Microsoft Agent technology, Windows Meeting Space; The option to return to the classic menu and automatic docking of the browser and email client have disappeared from the Start menu. Windows Calendar has also disappeared from Windows.
Windows 7 OS has the following minimum computer hardware requirements:
Processor: 1.4 GHz, 32-bit;
RAM: 512 Mb (32-bit)
Free disk space: 16 GB (32-bit)
Video adapter: DirectX 9 graphics support, 64 MB memory;
DVD reader.
Progress:
1. Launch the VirtualBox program (Fig. 1).
Rice. 1. Main window Virtual programs Box.
2. To create a new virtual machine, click the “Create” button - . The New Virtual Machine Wizard will launch.
3. In the subsequent dialog box, indicate the name of the future machine as well as the type of operating system (Fig. 2). We must indicate:
operating room Microsoft system Windows;
Windows 7 version.
The name should indicate the group and number(s) of students according to the teacher's journal. Example: bi301_2_3_5, “bi301” – group, “2_3_5” – student numbers, “_” - universal separator.
Rice. 2. Window for entering the machine name and selecting the OS type.
4. In the next dialog box, you must specify the amount of RAM (RAM) of the future machine (Fig. 3). According to the minimum system requirements The OP size should not be less than 512 Mb, and the VirtualBox program tells us this by setting 512 Mb as the recommended OP size. Maximum size
The OP of the virtual machine completely depends on the hardware OP of the physical machine (the volume can be clarified with the administrator of the computer laboratory or teacher). If the physical volume is 1024 Mb, we will indicate the size for the virtual machine as 600 Mb.
Rice. 3. Memory dialog box.
5. In the next dialog box you need the volume hard drive the future of the machine. Based minimum requirements 16 Gb., which is equal to 16384 Mb. But since the size of the hard drive allows us to use a larger size (consult with the computer laboratory administrator or teacher), we will use the recommended parameter VirtualBox programs value 20480 Mb. (Fig. 4).
Rice. 4. Dialog box " Virtual hard disk".
The parameters must be specified in accordance with the data in Fig. 4.
6. In the subsequent dialog for creating a hard disk, you should specify the type of image file. The type must correspond to the data in Fig. 5.
Rice. 5. Hard disk file type.
7. In the “Location and size of the virtual disk” window (Fig. 6) The location should correspond to the machine name (Fig. 2), and the ability to change the size is also provided virtual hard disk, but as was decided in paragraph 5. the size remains unchanged.
Rice. 6. “Virtual Disk Location and Size” dialog box.
8. After confirmation twice creating a hard disk and virtual machine, it appears in the main window of the VirtualBox program in the list virtual machines. But still, this does not mean that it is completely ready for OS installation (Fig. 7).
Rice. 7. Main window of the VirtualBox program.
9. Namely, our virtual machine should:
1) Enable 3D acceleration;
2) Increase the size of video memory;
3) Disable the Network Adapter (as unnecessary);
4) Disable the Audio Controller (as unnecessary);
5) Connect physical or virtual image DVD (check with your teacher or computer lab administrator).
1) To change these parameters, click the “Properties” button (Fig. 8). According to point 1 of the list of changes being made, check the box next to “Enable 3D acceleration” and according to point 2 change the amount of video memory to 64 Mb.
Rice. 9. Network settings.
Rice. 8. Contents of the Properties window.
Accordingly, next to the “Enable network adapter” item, uncheck the box.
3) Point 4 of the list of changes being made, namely disabling the audio controller, must be done similarly to point 3, disabling the network adapter.
Rice. 10. “CD/DVD-ROM” parameters.
We activate the menu with a choice between the items “Physical CD/DVD drive” and “ISO image file” by checking the box next to the “Connect CD/DVD” item. Having previously checked with the teacher or computer room administrator about the source of installation.
If a physical disk is issued, then it should be installed in the drive, and the “Physical CD/DVD drive” item should be activated accordingly (Fig. 10). Make sure that the letter identifier matches the one in which the disk is installed.
If you will use an ISO disk image for installation, then, first of all, check where exactly it is located, since installing from network resources strictly prohibited! The disk image must be located directly on the hard drive of the computer you are working on.
After you have specified the location of the image, click the “Open” button next to the line with the item “ISO image file” and the virtual media manager dialog box will appear (Fig. 11).
Rice. 11. Virtual Media Manager
If at the time of work there is not a single image, then you should add it by clicking the “Add” button in the top panel of the manager. In the next dialog box you only need to navigate to the image.
After adding the image to the virtual media manager list, you must select it and click the “Select” button.
10. Confirm all changes made by clicking the “Ok” button in the “Properties” window
11. Now you can proceed to installing Windows 7 OS on a virtual machine. To do this, select the machine on the left in the list of virtual machines of the main window of the VirtualBox program (Fig. 1) and click the “Start” button top menu above the list.
12. OS installation begins with downloading files. After which you need to wait some time.
Rice. 12. Window for selecting the operating language of the OS.
14. In the next window, you must once again confirm the operating language of the OS, the format of time, currency units and the keyboard layout or input method (Fig. 13).
Rice. 13. Window for selecting the time format and OS keyboard layout.
16. Within a few seconds, a window for selecting operating systems will appear. This is done so that the administrator has the opportunity to install Windows 7 operating systems of various configurations and varying performance and, as a rule, the commercial cost of the issued installation license. These can be versions of Windows 7 such as:
Choose operating system x86 architecture (Fig. 14).
Rice. 14. Window for selecting operating systems.
17. In the next window you must accept the terms license agreement, read, check the box and click “Next”.
18. The next window is the window for selecting the installation type (Fig. 15).
Rice. 15. Installation type selection window.
19. Select the "Full installation" item.
20. In the next window you need to select a section for Windows installations(Fig. 16).
Rice. 16. Window for selecting a partition for installing Windows.
21. Select the desired partition and click “Disk Setup”. A menu appears (Fig. 17).
Rice. 17. “Disk Setup” menu.
22. Click New and then Apply.
23. Next, the message “To ensure the correct operation of all your Windows features can create additional sections For system files" Of course, it is advisable to agree, click “Ok”. This message is a harbinger of what we will see later (Fig. 18).
Rice. 18. Partitions for installation
As you can see, 100 Mb was reserved by the system; we will no longer see it in the system.
Rice. 19. Windows installation window.
25. The rest of the installation process is automated, and user participation will only be necessary at the stage of writing the OS username (Fig. 20).
Rice. 20. Entering a username.
Entering a password in our case is completely optional, but recommended. If a password is entered, the student is responsible for its safety, and if the password is lost, the teacher or computer laboratory administrator will not be able to assist in recovering it.
26. Input field serial number leave blank for 30-day trial.
27. All subsequent dialog boxes can be filled out by the user independently; in the event of an error, there will be no noticeable negative impact on the operation of the OS.
28. After the next reboot, the system will be installed and ready for use.
29. Install Guest Additions by clicking on the VirtualBox main menu, Devices > Install Guest Additions.
30. Consider the programs included in the operating system.
31. Prepare a report for the teacher on the completion of laboratory work, submit it in accordance with the schedule.
1. What is an operating system?
2. List the main functions of operating systems.
3. List the main versions of operating systems in the Windows family.
5. Tell us about the differences between Windows 7 and other Windows operating systems.
Literature 1,3,4
Laboratory work No. 2. Memory and I/O management in Windows OS
Goal of the work: Practical knowledge of I/O management in Windows operating systems and I/O caching.
Lesson plan:
1. Familiarize yourself with brief theoretical information.
2. Familiarize yourself with the purpose and main functions of the Dispatcher Windows tasks.
3. Acquire skills in using command Windows strings. Learn to start, stop and check the operation of processes.
4. Draw conclusions about the relationship between running processes and the computer’s RAM.
5. Prepare a report for the teacher on the completion of laboratory work and submit it in accordance with the schedule.
Equipment:
Hardware: Personal Computer, network or local printer.
Software part: OS Windows 7 word processor Microsoft Word.
Brief theoretical information:
The need to provide programs with the ability to exchange data with external devices without including in every binary program the corresponding binary code, which actually manages input/output devices, led developers to the creation of system software and, in particular, the operating systems themselves.
Programming I/O control tasks is the most complex and time-consuming, requiring very high qualifications. Therefore, the code that allows I/O operations began to be written in the form of system library procedures; then they began to include it not in programming systems, but in the operating system so that it would not be inserted into each individual program, but only allow access to such code. Programming systems began to generate calls to this system I/O code and carry out only preparation for the I/O operations themselves, that is, to automate the conversion of data to the appropriate format understandable by devices, relieving application programmers from this complex and time-consuming work. In other words, programming systems insert into machine code the necessary library I/O routines and calls to those system software modules, which, in fact, manage exchange operations between RAM and external devices.
Thus, I/O management is one of the main functions of any OS. One of the I/O management tools, as well as a memory management tool, is the Windows Task Manager; it displays applications, processes and services that are in this moment running on the computer. You can use it to monitor your computer's performance or stop applications that are not responding.
If you are connected to a network, you can also view the network status and performance parameters. If multiple users are connected to your computer, you can see their names, what tasks they are performing, and send them a message.
You can also manage processes “manually” using the command line. Windows Commands to work with processes:
At - launch programs in specified time
Schtasks - configures scheduled execution of commands
Start - launches a specific program or a command in a separate window.
Taskkill - kills a process
Tasklist - displays information about running processes
To get more detailed information, you can use Help and Support Center or the help command (for example: help at)
Command.com - launch MS-DOS command shell
Cmd.exe - launch command Windows shell
Progress:
Exercise 1. Working with the Windows 7 Task Manager.
1. Launch the previously installed Windows 7 OS.
2. You can launch the task manager in two ways:
1) By pressing the key combination Ctrl+Alt+Del. When using this command, do not neglect the key sequence. A menu will appear in which you should select the “Task Manager” item with the cursor.
2) Move the cursor to the area with the system date and time and right-click, a menu will be displayed in which you should select “Task Manager”.
3. A window will be displayed as in Fig. 21.
Rice. 21. Windows 7 Task Manager.
4. There are 6 tabs in the task manager:
1) Applications
2) Processes
4) Performance
6) Users
o The “Applications” tab displays a list of running tasks (programs) running in currently not in background, and also displays their status. Also in this window you can cancel the task, switch between tasks and run new task using the corresponding buttons.
o The “Processes” tab displays a list of running processes, the name of the user who started the process, and the CPU load as a percentage
ratio, as well as the amount of memory used to execute the process. It is also possible to display the processes of all users, or forced termination process. Process - execution of passive instructions computer program on a computer processor.
o The Services tab shows which services are running on the computer. Services
Applications that are automatically launched by the system when Windows starts and run regardless of the user's status.
o The “Performance” tab displays graphic mode processor load, as well as the chronology of the use of the computer’s physical memory. Very effective tool monitoring is "Resource Monitor". With him
With this help you can clearly observe each aspect of the “life” of your computer. Do a detailed study of the instrument yourself, intuitively.
o The “Network” tab displays connected network adapters, as well as network activity.
o The “Users” tab displays a list of connected users.
5. After exploring the task manager:
o Practice ending and restarting processes.
o Understand boot monitoring and memory usage.
o Try to start new processes using the manager, for this you can use the commands: cmd, msconfig.
Task 2. Windows Command Line.
1. To launch the command line in Windows mode should press:
(Start) > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt
2. Work on execution main commands working with processes: starting, monitoring and ending processes.