Computer keyboard keys whose functions depend on. Keyboard: selection, photo and description of keys and button combinations

Keyboard key assignments

Esc key – This key is used to cancel an action, exit programs, games, exit applications, etc. Tab Key – This key is commonly used when editing text. In other programs, its purpose is to switch between windows on the screen. Key Caps Lock– this key is used to fix capital letters. Pressing the Caps Lock key again will cancel capital letters. Shift key - This key is used to enter capital letters and other characters that are located in the upper case of the keyboard, for example to enter capital letter“And” you need to press the Shift key and, without releasing it, press the And key. Space Key – This key creates space between letters. Backspace key – pressing this key deletes the character to the left of the cursor. The Enter key is intended to end the entry of a line. The Delete key is designed to delete an object, such as a folder, file, etc. The PgUp, PgDn, End, Home keys are intended for cursor control. The Num Lock key turns on and off the numbers located on the right side of the keyboard. The F1-F12 keys are intended for various special actions that are determined by a special program. Ctrl+Alt+Del keys - this keyboard shortcut opens the task manager. The Ctrl+A keyboard shortcut selects all objects at once, such as folders, files, text, etc. The Ctrl+X keyboard shortcut cuts the selected object to the clipboard, such as a test, files, folders, etc. The Ctrl+C key combination copies an object to the clipboard, such as files, folders, etc. The Ctrl+V keyboard shortcut pastes a copied file or folder from the clipboard. The Ctrl+N keyboard shortcut allows you to create a new document in various programs. The keyboard shortcut Ctrl+Z cancels last action. Using the Ctrl+S keys, the current document is saved. Using the Ctrl+P keys, the document is printed. Using the Alt+Enter keys, the transition occurs full screen mode and vice versa, for example, if you press these keys in KMPlayer, Windows Media Player, Media Player Classic, they will expand to full screen. The Alt keys and keys 0 to 9 located on the right side of the keyboard make it possible to enter arbitrary characters that are not on the keyboard. In order to enter arbitrary characters, you must press the Alt key and, without releasing it, press the desired number located on the right side of the keyboard. The Alt+F4 key combination closes the active application. When you press the Win+Pause Break keys, the System Properties dialog box will open. Pressing Win+E will open My Computer Explorer. Pressing Win+D will minimize all active windows. The Win+L key combination allows you to switch between users or block workstation. The Win+F1 key combination opens the Help and Support Center. When you press Win+F, a search window will open. When you press the Win+ Ctrl+F keys, the Search for Computers window will open.

Esc key – This key is used to cancel an action, exit programs, games, exit applications, etc. Tab Key – This key is commonly used when editing text. In other programs, its purpose is to switch between windows on the screen. Caps Lock key – this key is used to lock capital letters. Pressing the Caps Lock key again will cancel capital letters. Shift key – this button is used to enter capital letters and other symbols that are located in the upper case of the keyboard, for example, to enter the capital letter “I” you need to press the Shift key and, without releasing it, press the I key. Space key – this key creates a space between letters . Backspace key – pressing this key deletes the character to the left of the cursor. The Enter key is intended to end the entry of a line. The Delete key is designed to delete an object, such as a folder, file, etc. The PgUp, PgDn, End, Home keys are intended for cursor control. The Num Lock key turns on and off the numbers located on the right side of the keyboard. The F1-F12 keys are intended for various special actions that are determined by a special program. Ctrl+Alt+Del keys - this keyboard shortcut opens the task manager. The Ctrl+A keyboard shortcut selects all objects at once, such as folders, files, text, etc. The Ctrl+X keyboard shortcut cuts the selected object to the clipboard, such as a test, files, folders, etc. The Ctrl+C key combination copies an object to the clipboard, such as files, folders, etc. The Ctrl+V keyboard shortcut pastes a copied file or folder from the clipboard. The Ctrl+N keyboard shortcut allows you to create a new document in various programs. The Ctrl+Z key combination undoes the last action. Using the Ctrl+S keys, the current document is saved. Using the Ctrl+P keys, the document is printed. Using the Alt+Enter keys, you can switch to full screen mode and back, for example, if you press these keys in KMPlayer, Windows Media Player, Media Player Classic, they will expand to full screen. The Alt keys and keys 0 to 9 located on the right side of the keyboard make it possible to enter arbitrary characters that are not on the keyboard. In order to enter arbitrary characters, you need to press the Alt key and, without releasing it, press the desired number located on the right side of the keyboard. The Alt+F4 key combination closes the active application. When you press the Win+Pause Break keys, the System Properties dialog box will open. Pressing Win+E will open My Computer Explorer. Pressing Win+D will minimize all active windows. The Win+L key combination allows you to switch between users or lock the workstation. The Win+F1 key combination opens the Help and Support Center. When you press Win+F, a search window will open. When you press the Win+ Ctrl+F keys, the Search for Computers window will open.

Keyboard key assignments

Today we will look at the purpose of the keys on a standard PC/AT keyboard.

Fig.1 StandardPC/AT-keyboard

Keyboard keys, depending on their purpose and location, can be divided into groups:

Alphanumeric;

Functional;

Block of additional keys (numeric keypad);

Cursor keys;

Service (control keys).

Let's take a closer look at the key groups.

Alphanumeric keys.

Purpose: entering letters, numbers, punctuation marks and other special characters. This category also includes the key SPACE(SPACE).

Fig.2 Block of alphanumeric keys

Function keys.

This includes keys F1-F12. There are no permanent functions assigned to these keys (the only exception is the F1, which is used to obtain help). These keys, as a rule, are programmed by the user for each program separately.

Fig.3 Function key block

Block of additional keys (numeric keypad)

Repeat the action of the numeric and some symbolic keys of the main panel

This panel can be used in two modes:

Entering numbers;

Cursor control.

Switching modes is carried out with a key NUM LOCK

Fig.4 Block of additional keys (numeric keypad)

Cursor keys

Cursor - an on-screen pointer that shows where to enter the next character (for text) or current position(point) to which the mouse action will be applied.

The arrow keys move the cursor one position on the monitor screen according to the direction.

Keys PAGEUP And PAGEDOWN move the cursor one page up and down, respectively, and the keys HOME And END move the cursor to the beginning and end of the current line.

Key INSERT switches data input modes: insertion and replacement (in insertion mode, new characters are entered without replacing existing characters, and in replacement mode they are replaced).

Key DELETE deletes characters that are to the right of the current cursor position, and the key BACKSPACE deletes characters that are to the left of the current cursor position.

Fig.5 Cursor keys

Service (control keys)

Let's look at the keys of this block.

Enter(English Enter - “Enter”) - used to go to new line(when typing), confirming some action or user readiness, selecting a command from the menu.

Keys CTRL And ALT– used in combination with other keys (two at once or separately) to execute a specific command.

Key SHIFT– modifier key. Used to enter uppercase (capital) letters (by simultaneously pressing the Shift key and the letter key), as well as punctuation marks. It is also used in combination with other keyboard keys (as well as the mouse) to execute various commands.

Key TAV. There are two main functions of the TAB key:

Enters tab characters into the text (inserting blank characters);

Allows you to alternately switch between controls within the same window.

Key ESC- designed to return to previous state or (not always) exiting the application or program.

PRINT SCREEN- printing the current screen state on the printer. Also saves an image of the current screen state in the RAM buffer.

Key PAUSE/BREAK- designed to pause the current process (program).

Key CAPS LOCK– fixes the mode for entering capital letters. The keyboard has an indicator that displays the status (on/off) of the key.

Key NUM LOCK– enable/disable the additional digital panel. The mode is indicated by one of three LEDs on the keyboard.

Key SCROLL LOCK. When mode Scroll Lock turned on, the cursor keys perform the function of moving the screen. The keyboard has an indicator that displays the status (on/off) of the key.

Key WIN-used to trigger a button START Windows OS. In combination with other keys, it can execute other commands.

Application key (located between the buttons WIN And CTRL right) - equivalent

pressing the right mouse button.

Fig.6 Service keys block

Table 4.1. Purpose of service keys

The next key is the “modifier” key. Ctrl key.

It is used to expand the capabilities of the keyboard. It is often used in combination with other keys to activate an action in a program. That is, the Ctrl key, used in combination, allows us to access some of the most frequently used program commands or operating system.

The next key is the “modifier” key.Alt. It, like Ctrl, is used in combination with other keys.

Next comes Caps Lock. Pressing it turns on or off the mode for entering capital letters. If you want to enter a word with a capital letter, then you just need to press the Shift key and, while holding it, enter the first letter of the word so that it is capitalized. You can then release Shift and continue typing. By doing this, you will enter ordinary characters, that is, ordinary lowercase letters.

If you want to enter all text in all capital letters, then it’s easier for you to press Caps key Lock, and after pressing it, all the letters that you enter into your text document will be written in capitals. Accordingly, pressing this key again turns off this mode and you'll be back to lowercase typing again.

KeyTab Allows tabulation. Tabulation is the process of aligning characters horizontally. A tab character is usually equal to eight regular characters. That is, it is equivalent to eight presses of the “Space” key. Tabulation is used when creating text documents. Also, sometimes the tab key is used in some programs to switch between some work areas of the program, or to move to the next command.

Next - keyEnter. It allows us to complete text entry, create new paragraph in the text, or execute some command. That is, if we have selected a command and want to execute it, we usually press Enter key. Or if, when editing text, we want to move the text cursor to new line or create a new paragraph, press this key in the same way. We will talk about all this in the future.

The next key is Backspace. It allows us to remove the character to the left of text cursor. What's happened text cursor By the way, if we are already talking about this, then it probably makes sense to talk about it right away. A text cursor is a blinking vertical line, sometimes a horizontal line that shows us where on the screen it will appear. new symbol, if we press any “character” key on the keyboard. You've probably seen it if you've launched any text input program. So, the Backspace key allows you to delete the character that is to the left of the text cursor.

There are also two more keys in this area. The first one is keyWindows. Usually it is located between the Ctrl and Alt keys, on both sides of the space key, and when pressed it appears. That is, you can call the Start menu simply by pressing this key. And one more key that allows you to call the context menu of the object on which this moment the mouse pointer is located. This key duplicates the right mouse button.

Next, let's look at the area where the four arrow keys are located. These keys are called "Cursor keys". They are responsible for moving the text cursor in the appropriate direction. These keys are also used in many games when controlling objects. And these keys are also used in many programs, for example, when moving a document page or when viewing photographs to move to the next image. Typically, these keys perform the functions that are depicted on them - scrolling up, down, right, left.

Additional keys are usually located just above the cursor keys. They also have to do with cursor control. These keys are usually used in text documents when entering text. KeyInsert allows us to enable or disable the so-called insert mode. KeyDelete allows you to delete a character at the cursor position. Backspace deletes the character that is to the left of the text cursor, and Delete, accordingly, to the right. KeysHomeAndEnd allow you to move the cursor either to the beginning of the line or to the end of the line. A keysPage UpAndPage Down allow you to move the cursor one screen up or one screen down.

There is another area on the right side of the keyboard. This is the so-called additional keyboard.

It contains number keys and math keys, but there are also additional key Enter. The additional keyboard is activated by pressing keysNum Lock. If it is disabled, then it can be used to control the cursor, that is, its number keys will duplicate the cursor keys. There are arrows on keys 4, 8, 6 and 2, and, accordingly, these keys will begin to duplicate the corresponding cursor control keys. Well, on the other keys -7, 9, 1, 3 and 0 - the names are also signed and these keys will duplicate Home, End, Page Up, Page Down, Insert and Delete, respectively. If we turn on the Num Lock mode, then, accordingly, this keyboard can be used to enter numbers and corresponding mathematical operations. It is convenient to use when working in the Calculator program, which we will talk about later.

On some keyboards there is also a . Above the secondary keyboard area.

Not all keyboards have it anymore, but maybe yours does. These indicators light up when the corresponding keys are pressed. The Num Lock indicator lights up if it is turned on, that is, if you have an additional keyboard activated. The Caps Lock indicator is on if you have Caps Lock enabled and enter characters in capital letters. Well, the Skroll Lock indicator lights up if you have this key pressed. Skroll Lock mode is no longer used and many keyboards do not have this button. Previously it was used to change the behavior of the cursor keys.

So we have sorted out all the keys of our keyboard.

See you in the next lesson!

Nastasya Gerasimenko.

The article will discuss the modern computer keyboard layout and its purpose, and will provide a description of the keys and photos.

The keyboard has gone through a number of modifications from 1984 to the present day. She was acquiring additional elements to make working on a computer easier for beginners and more comfortable for professionals.

Any user now has access to equipment to suit his creative ambitions.

Computer keyboard - photo, description and device

The size of the keyboard is affected by the number of duplicate keys. For example, for convenience, some manufacturers provide the device with a separate digital set.

Most hackers and programmers ignore using a mouse for most of their work. For such users, the distance between the keys is very important, which affects the size of the keyboard.

Key layout personal computer different from a laptop. Because of this, users connect external device without losing mobility.

"Hotkeys" - the most useful combinations

To speed up work in programs, shortcut key combinations are provided. They are also called “hot” keys. Conventionally, they are divided into groups.

Clipboards:

• “Shift” + Insert – inserts a fragment copied to the clipboard;
• “control” + Insert – copying a fragment to the buffer;
• “Shift” + Del – cutting out a fragment and placing it in the buffer with the ability to paste.

Editing the font:

• “control” + “and” – making the text “bold”;
• “control” + “sh” – italic writing;
• “control” + “g” – underline.

Text alignment:

• “control” + “d” – along the left edge of the document;
• “control” + “y” – centering;
• “control” + “to” – on the right side of the document;
• “control” + “o” – uniform distribution of text between fields.

Hidden operating system combinations now allow you to configure your computer without opening settings:

• Windows + "+" : open action center;
• Windows + "I": access Windows settings;
• Windows + "s": launch the Cortana program;
• Windows + "s": put Cortana into listening mode.

Key assignment on the keyboard

Let's take a closer look at the functions of the keys.

Letters

The letters on any keyboard are arranged according to the QWERTY principle, since this is exactly the layout that was used on typewriters. Programmers from Microsoft decided not to change anything, so that the transition from printing to electronics would be familiar even to typists.

This approach turned out to be reasonable. Users of typewriters did not think about how to put this or that symbol. For example, a square bracket or an exclamation point.

You just need to watch and switch the keyboard layout in time. A hint from the operating system is in the lower right corner (near the date and time).

Numbers and signs

Between the letter “Ё” and the “Backspace” key there are number keys from one to zero. By clicking on them, the user can type dates in the text or perform arithmetic operations.

To put punctuation marks and other symbols indicated on the number buttons, you should hold down the “Shift” key (the side does not matter) and the corresponding number.

Below is shown which icon is located on which number:

1. – «!»;
2. – “quotes” (Russian) or “@” (English);
3. – “number” (Russian) or “grid” (English);
4. – “dollar” (English) or “;” (Russian);
5. - "percent";
6. – “colon” ​​(Russian) or “tick” (English);
7. – « question mark"(Russian) or "&" (English);
8. - "multiplication sign"
9. – «(»;
10. – the “0” key is responsible for the “)” sign;
11. – does not have a number, but a “hyphen” is drawn. If you press “Shift” + this button, you will get the “underscore “_” sign
12. the last button before “Backspace” is “+”, and together with “Shift” there will be a “=” icon.

The following punctuation marks can be inserted using the letter keys on your keyboard:

On the key with which letter is the symbol located?	What symbol can you get?
	in the English layout with the Shift key	in English layout
X	{ brace left	[ square bracket left
Kommersant	) right curly brace	] square bracket right
AND	: colon	; semicolon
E	"" quotes	‘upper comma
B	< математический знак меньше	, comma
YU	>mathematical sign greater than	. dot

F1 - F12

The twelve keys on the top are called function keys. They allow you to work with the operating system without using a mouse.

In some cases, you can do without auxiliary programs:

• F1 – calls for help;
• F2 – renames the selected file or folder;
• F3 – opens the search bar;
• F4 – opens the history of address requests of a computer or browser;
• F5 – update the working window;
• F6 – selects the tabs of the working window;
• F7 – launch the spelling and punctuation checking system;
• F8 – most often used for custom system boot mode;
• F9 – in some programs launches the measuring toolbar;
• F10 – opens access to the menu of the active program;
• F11 – switch to full screen mode;
• F12 – opens the document saving menu.

Esc

The meaning of the key translated from English is Escape - avoid. Abort or cancel an ongoing computer command.

Win

The operating system icon is shown on the keyboard instead of an abbreviation. By Windows default opens the start menu.

If you combine it with the “B” key, you can minimize windows. The transition is underway Windows combination+ Tab, and Windows + “A” is the search command on the computer.

Fn

This key is only available on laptops. Designed to switch modes for managing settings and function keys.

Shift

Switches the case of uppercase and lowercase letters in the text. The combination Shift + End allows you to select a line in the text, the combination Shift + Home cancels the action.

Text decoration buttons

Will be presented here special keys, which help edit the text the user types.

Special keys

Backspace

The purpose of this keyboard command is to neatly delete a character to the left side of the cursor. Good to use in a text editor when a typo occurs. When combined with the “alternative” key (“alt”), cancels the last action in the program.

In the file manager, switches to a higher folder. In the photo view manager, returns to the previous photo.

Space

The key separates words in the document text. Makes indents between characters. When Replace is enabled, it can be used as the “Delete” key. In this case, the information on the right side of the cursor is erased.

The key is intended for entering a command, confirming the selected action, and displaying the result of a mathematical function.

CapsLock

Has an indicator light on some keyboards. When pressed once, it turns on the mode of constant typing in capital letters.

In the vocabulary of users there is an expression “don’t capsize” (don’t write large) - this is a request to disable this function(remove capital letters).

Tabulation is used in text editors to create the first indent (red line). When you combine the key with Alt, you can switch between program windows. If the corresponding option is enabled in the system, then flipping will take place in the beautiful “aero” mode.

Useful when the mouse is disabled or suddenly malfunctions. Allows you to move the cursor from one line context menu to another.

Additional keys

Insert – the key, even in combinations, is intended for inserting or replacing a fragment. In text editors, it allows you to manipulate information on the clipboard.

Home – in texts, it moves the cursor to the beginning of the line, allowing the user to edit without using the mouse.

Page Up – move from the current location to the page above.

Page Down – scrolls the page down.

Arrows – the direction of the keys indicates which direction the cursor will be moved. When combined with the Windows key, moves the active window to the right or left. If you press the up or down direction, the window will expand.

Pause – intended to stop media player for a while. Pressing again will continue playback.

“NumLock” is used to disable the numeric keypad.

“Printscreen” key for capturing the screen as a screenshot.

Questions and answers section

• How to do capital letter on keyboard?

Using two keys: “CapsLock” or “Shift” + letter key.

• How to put a period and a comma on the keyboard?

A period at the end of a line can be placed using the key located to the left of the right “shift”. The second method is suitable for English layout– press the key with the Russian letter “Yu” (for the comma “B”). An example is described in the table above.

You can add a comma by simply pressing Del.

• How to put a leading comma on the keyboard?

The so-called apostrophe is placed on a computer by switching the layout to English and pressing the “E” key. An example is described in the table above.

Knowing all the combinations, you can become a real master of your computer. Even when not working computer mouse, work will not be suspended. And even a schoolchild needs to remember the so-called “hot keys” as the main assistants when typing and editing text.

When writing a letter or entering numerical data, the keyboard is the primary means of entering information into the computer. But did you know that a keyboard can also be used to control a computer? Studying just a few simple commands The keyboard will help you work more efficiently on your computer.

In this article we will look at the basics of working with the keyboard.

Key organization

The keyboard keys are divided into several groups, depending on their functions:

• Dial keys (alphanumeric). These keys include the same letter, number, punctuation, and symbol keys.
• Control keys. These keys are used individually or in various combinations to perform certain actions. The most commonly used control keys are CTRL, ALT, the Windows logo key, and ESC.
• Function keys. Function keys are used to perform special tasks. They are designated as F1, F2, F3 and so on up to F12. The functionality of these keys varies and depends on the program.
• These keys are used to navigate documents and edit text and web pages. These include the arrow keys, HOME, END, PAGE UP, PAGE DOWN, DELETE and INSERT.
• The numeric keypad is convenient for quick input numbers. The keys are grouped in a block, as on a regular one.

The following illustration shows the location of these keys on regular keyboard. Keyboard layouts may vary.

Keyboard shortcuts

Keyboard shortcuts are a way to perform actions using the keyboard. They are called keyboard shortcuts, because they speed up the work. Indeed, almost any action or command performed with a mouse can be performed faster with one or more keys. And it is advisable to master them at an early stage of training.

Most programs allow you to perform actions using the keyboard. To see commands with keyboard shortcuts, open the menu. Combinations, if any, are displayed next to the menu items.

A plus sign (+) between two or more keys indicates that the keys must be pressed in combination. For example, in the window Firefox browser CTRL+N means "press and hold CTRL and then press N." CTRL+SHIFT+W means "press and hold CTRL and SHIFT, then press W."

You can open menus and select commands and other options using the keyboard. If you press ALT in a menu program, one of the letters in each menu name will become underlined. Press the key with the underlined letter to open the corresponding menu. Press the key with the underlined letter of a menu item to select the appropriate command.

For example, in a Firefox browser window, press ALT+F to open the File menu, then press the N key to select Open New Window.

Useful keyboard shortcuts

Let's consider the most useful combinations keys Keyboard shortcuts make using your computer easier by eliminating the need to frequently use the mouse. It is advisable not only to read them, but also to apply them when working at the computer. And soon, you will see how convenient it is.

Key	Action
Windows logo key	Opening the Start menu
ALT+TAB	Switching open source software or windows
ALT+F4
CTRL+S	Save the current file or document (works in most programs)
CTRL+C
CTRL+X
CTRL+V	Inserting a selected element
CTRL+Z	Cancel action
CTRL+A
F1	Calling program or Windows help
Windows logo key +F1	Calling Windows Help and Support Center
ESC	Canceling the current job
Context menu key	Opens a menu with commands associated with the selected program elements. Click Equivalent right click mouse on the selected element.

Easy Access Keyboard Shortcuts

Basic keyboard shortcuts

Press the key	Action
F1	Help output
CTRL+C	Copying a selected element
CTRL+X	Cutting a selected element
CTRL+V	Inserting a selected element
CTRL+Z	Cancel action
CTRL+Y	Repeat action
DELETE	Removing the selected item to the Trash
SHIFT+DELETE	Deleting a selected item without placing it in the Trash first
F2	Rename the selected element
CTRL + RIGHT ARROW	Move the cursor to the beginning of the next word
CTRL + LEFT ARROW	Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous word
CTRL + DOWN ARROW	Move the cursor to the beginning of the next paragraph
CTRL + UP ARROW	Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous paragraph
CTRL+SHIFT+arrow key	Selecting a piece of text
SHIFT + any arrow key	Select multiple items in a window or desktop, or select text in a document
CTRL along with any arrow key + SPACEBAR	Selecting multiple individual elements in a window or on the desktop
CTRL+A	Select all elements in a document or window
F3	Search for a file or folder
ALT+ENTER	Display properties of the selected element
ALT+F4	Closing the current item or exiting the active program
ALT + SPACEBAR	Displaying the context menu of the active window
CTRL+F4	Closing the active document (in programs that allow multiple documents to be opened simultaneously)
ALT+TAB	Transition from one open element to another
CTRL+ALT+TAB	Use the arrow keys to move from one open item to another
Windows logo key +TAB
ALT+ESC	Cycle through items in the order they were opened
F6	Cycle through screen elements in a window or desktop
F4	List display address bar in Windows Explorer
CTRL+ESC	Opening the Start menu
F5	Refresh the active window
ESC	Canceling the current job
CTRL+SHIFT+ESC	Opening Task Manager
Pressing SHIFT when a CD or flash memory is inserted	Preventing a CD from playing automatically

Keyboard shortcuts on Microsoft keyboards

Press the key	Action
Windows Key with Windows logo	Open or close the Start menu
Windows Logo Key +PAUSE	Opening the System Properties dialog box
Windows Logo Key +D	Desktop display
Windows Logo Key +M	Collapse all windows
Windows Logo Key +SHIFT+M	Restore minimized windows on the desktop
Windows Logo Key +E	Open the Computer component
Windows Logo Key +F	Search for a file or folder
Windows Logo Key +L	Locking a computer or switching users
Windows Logo Key +R	Open the Run dialog box
Windows Logo Key +T	Cycle between programs on the taskbar
Windows Logo Key +TAB	Cycle between programs on the taskbar with using Windows Flip 3-D
CTRL+Windows key+TAB	Use the arrow keys to cycle between programs on the taskbar using Windows Flip 3-D
	Move all gadgets to the front and select the Windows Sidebar
Windows Logo Key +U	Opening of the Accessibility Center
Windows Logo Key +X	Opening of the Center mobile devices Windows
Windows Logo Key +SPACEBAR	Move all widgets to the front and select the sidebar
Windows Logo Key +G	Cycle between sidebar widgets
TAB	Cycle through sidebar controls

The navigation keys let you move the cursor, navigate documents and web pages, and edit text. Let's look at some of the basic functions of these keys.

Key	Action
LEFT ARROW, RIGHT ARROW, UP ARROW and DOWN ARROW	Move the cursor or highlight a single space or line in the direction of the arrow, scroll a web page in the direction of the arrow
HOME	Move the cursor to the beginning of a line or go to the beginning of a web page
END	Move the cursor to the end of a line or go to the end of a web page
CTRL+HOME	Go to the beginning of the document
CTRL+END	Go to the end of the document
PAGE UP	Move the cursor or page up one screen
PAGE DOWN	Move the cursor or page down one screen
DELETE	Deleting a character after the cursor or selected text; in Windows - deleting the selected item and moving it to the trash
INSERT	Turn insert mode on or off. When insert mode is enabled, the text you type is inserted at the cursor location. When insert mode is disabled, the text you type replaces existing characters.

The numeric keypad contains numbers from 0 to 9, the arithmetic operators + (addition), - (subtraction), * (multiplication) and / (division), and a decimal point as on a calculator or adding machine. Although these characters are duplicated by other keys, their placement on the numeric keypad allows you to quickly enter numeric data or mathematical operations with one hand.

To enter numbers on the numeric keypad, press the NUM LOCK key. Most keyboards have a NUM LOCK mode indicator light. When NUM LOCK is disabled, the numeric keypad functions as a second set of navigation keys (functions are shown on the keys next to the numbers and symbols).

The numeric keypad is suitable for simple calculations, for example, in the Calculator program.

So, we have looked at almost all the keys that can be used. But for the sake of the more curious, we will explore the three most mysterious keys on the keyboard: PRINT SCREEN, SCROLL LOCK and PAUSE/BREAK.

PRINT SCREEN (or PRT SCN)

Once upon a time, this key actually did what it said - it sent text from the screen to the printer. Today, pressing PRINT SCREEN takes an image of the entire screen (a "screenshot") and copies it to the clipboard in the computer's memory. From there you can paste (CTRL+V) this image into Microsoft Paint or another program and, if necessary, print it from there.

It’s still not clearer SYS RQ on the same PRINT key SCREEN of some keyboards. Historically, SYS RQ was intended as system request(system request), but this command is not included in Windows.
Advice! Press ALT+PRINT SCREEN to capture only the active window, not the entire screen.

SCROLL LOCK (or SCR LK)

In most programs, pressing SCROLL LOCK has no effect. In some programs, pressing the SCROLL LOCK key changes the behavior of the arrow keys and the PAGE UP and PAGE DOWN keys; Pressing these keys allows you to scroll the document without changing the cursor position or the selected fragment. The keyboard may have a SCROLL LOCK indicator light.

PAUSE/BREAK

This key is rarely used. In some older programs, pressing this key paused the program or, in combination with CTRL, stopped it from running.

On some modern keyboards There are “multimedia keys” that allow you to quickly, with one click, access programs, files or commands. Other models have volume controls, scroll wheels, zoom wheels, and other features. Detailed description To learn more about these features, see the documentation that came with your keyboard or computer, or the manufacturer's Web site.

Using your keyboard correctly can help prevent pain and injury to your hands, wrists, and forearms, especially when working on a computer for long periods of time. Here are some tips to avoid problems.

1. Place the keyboard at elbow level. Shoulders should be relaxed.

2. Place the keyboard directly in front of you. If your keyboard has a number key block, you can take the spacebar as the center.

3. Your hands and wrists should move freely over the keyboard when typing, reaching remote keys without stretching your fingers.

4. Do not place your palms or wrists on any surfaces when typing. If your keyboard has a palm rest, use it only when you're typing.

5. When typing, touch the keys lightly and keep your wrists straight.

6. Relax your hands when not typing.

7. When working on a computer, take short breaks every 15 to 20 minutes.

The keyboard is the user's primary means of entering data into the computer. IN English language it is designated by the word keyboard - “push-button board”. The classic version of the keyboard has 101 or 102 buttons. Manufacturers computer peripherals Keyboards are constantly being improved. Therefore, the layout, hot keys, can various models These devices are located differently.

To make it easier to study the capabilities of keyboard data entry, all keys can be divided into segments, each of which is responsible for specific functions.

Numeric and alphabetic keys

The keyboard and the keys on it, used to enter texts and commands, take up the majority of this peripheral. Most of the buttons have images of numbers, letters, punctuation marks or special icons on their front side. By default, all letters entered are lowercase, i.e. small size. Each button has an image of a letter of the English alphabet, next to it is a letter of the Russian alphabet. Sometimes there are three symbols, for example, to make it more convenient to enter text in Ukrainian, for example, a button with English letter S stands for both the Russian letter “ы” and the Ukrainian “i”, depending on the selected input language.

The second row from the top is occupied by buttons for entering numbers. As on the letter keys, on the front surface of each, in addition to the number, there are certain symbols that are often found in various texts. To switch to printing these characters, you need to use the service keys.

The numeric and alphabetic keys are considered basic. You can find out which special keys on the keyboard are quite simple - they are not responsible for direct alphanumeric data input, but help the user work with information.

General purpose of special keys

The name of the special keys on the keyboard corresponds to their main functions. All types of keys can be divided into several categories.

• Keys designed to perform service commands.
• Keys for editing.
• Special keys.
• Keys responsible for performing various functions.
• Keys that can be used to control the cursor.
• Additional (auxiliary) buttons.

Keyboard utility keys

There are five service buttons on the keyboard: Shift, Caps Lock, Ctrl, Num Lock, Alt. These special keys on the keyboard change the normal function of other keys, which is why they are also called modifier keys.

The default Shift key is for typing. If you press Shift while the Caps Lock indicator is on, letters will be typed in lowercase. The Shift key is also intended to control the cursor; by pressing this button and the cursor control arrows, you can move it on the monitor.

The button (full name capitals lock) is designed to constantly change letters from lowercase to uppercase and vice versa. If there is a need to enter large text in capital letters, you can use the Caps Lock button. If you press this key once, the indicator on the right will light up, and all letters in the text will be typed in capital letters. At double click The indicator goes off and the letters are printed as capital letters.

The Ctrl (Control) key is a button that converts specified parameter values; its functions are specified manually and may differ depending on the program selected by the user.

Num Lock button is designed for simplified input digital parameters. Translated from English as fixing numbers. When pressed once, the corresponding indicator lights up and the number keys on the right side of the keyboard become available. When turned off, the right side performs the cursor control function.

Thus, the indicator helps to determine which special keys on the keyboard are enabled and whether Caps Lock and Num lock are in working mode.

The Alt (alternate) button, like the Ctrl key described above, changes the options of other keys. As a rule, it expands the capabilities of other keyboard buttons; its narrow meanings can also vary from program to program. from English - alternation, change. In addition, in some programs the left and right Alt are responsible for different tasks and do not duplicate each other.

Button Print Screen will help you take a picture of the picture on the display and save it as an image.

The Pause Break button is used to pause loading the OS or downloading files and applications

Keys for editing

The purpose of special keys on the keyboard is to make the user's work easier in text programs and editors.

The Space button is a long key located in the bottom row of the keyboard. The name of the key speaks for itself - the spacebar is designed to separate words, symbols and numbers from each other.

The Backspace button is responsible for deleting characters and symbols to the left of the cursor. Also serves to return to earlier open page browser or to the previous screen in the program.

The Delete button is responsible for deleting characters to the right of the cursor, removing selected areas of text, tables or images to the trash.

Insert button - switches the keyboard to replacement mode. This button is intended for entering text. The beginning of editing is determined by the agreed point of insertion and replacement of the already entered text with the copied one. For example, if you want to highlight in a table desired area and insert it into another database, use the key combination Insert+ Ctrl to select the desired part of the table, Shift+Insert to insert this area into the required location.

Function keys

Function keys are special keys on the keyboard that are located in the top row. They are designated as a series of keys from F1 to F12. Each separate button is designed to perform specific options in a particular program. The purpose of each button is specified separately. For example, when working with Word documents, the F7 key checks spelling using a dictionary, F5 performs a “find and replace” option, and F12 suggests paths to save the document.

The exception is the F1 key - when you press the monitor, it displays reference Information, making it easier to work with a given program or operating system.

Special keys

The Esc button cancels the user's last action. The name of the key translates as “to escape, to run away.” The main option of the key is to return the program to the previous state, or exit running application. Sometimes it helps if the program stops responding to the user's request.

The Enter button is intended to confirm the command, enter it, run installed programs and applications. In a text editor, pressing a key moves the cursor to a new line.

The button is convenient when working with tables; it is used to move from column to column. In text editors it is used to create indentation. In different programs and games, this key can be assigned different functions.

Cursor keys

The cursor keys are located between alphabetic and shortened numeric keypad. First of all, these are the keys on which arrows are drawn. When you press a key, the cursor moves one position according to the direction indicated by the arrow.

The Home key returns the cursor to the beginning of the text or page.

The End key moves the cursor to the end of the page or text.

The Page Up and Page Down buttons move the cursor to the next or previous page, respectively.

Auxiliary keys

Special keys on the keyboard that make it easier for the user to work with the OS are called auxiliary keys.

Windows button - similar to clicking the Start icon in Windows. The combination of this key with other keys makes the user's work easier. The key usually features the Windows logo.

The Context button causes its action to be similar to pressing the right mouse button.

Thus, special keys on a computer keyboard greatly facilitate the user’s work and open up new possibilities for using the operating system.