Cyrillic letters. Do you know what the Cyrillic alphabet is? Modern Cyrillic alphabets of non-Slavic languages

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Aramaic Arabic Jawi Ancient Libyan Hebrew Nabataean Pahlavi Samaritan Syrian Sogdian Ugaritic Phoenician South Arabian

Balinese Batak Bengal Burmese Brahmi Buhid Varang-kshiti Eastern Nagari Grantha Gujarati Gupta Gurmukh Devanagari Kadamba Kaithi Kalinga Kannada Khmer Lanna Laotian Lepcha Limbu Lontara Malayalam Manipuri Mithilakshar Modi Mon Mongolian Nagari Nepalese Oriya Pallava Ranjana Rejang Saurashtra Siddhamatrika Sinhalese Soyombo Sudanese Tagalog Tagbanwa Takri Tamil Telugu Thai Tibetan Tocharian Hanunoo Hunnic Sharada Javanese

Boyd's Cursive Canadian Syllabary Kharoshthi Meroitic Pitman's Cursive Pollard's Sorang Sompeng Tana Thomas's Cursive Ethiopian

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Braille Morse code Moon script Optical telegraph Semaphore code International code of signals Prison code

Astec Dunba Mesoamerican Mi'kmaq Mixtec Nsibidi Tokapu

Chinese: Traditional Simplified T'in Kanji Hancha
Derivatives from Chinese: Khitan Zhuang Jurchen
Logosyllabic: Anatolian And Cuneiform Maya Tangut
Logo-consonantal: Egyptian writing (hieroglyphics, hieratic, demotic)

Afaka Vai Geba Old Persian And Katakana Kikakui Cypriot Kpelle Linear B Man'yogana Nyu-shu Hiragana Cherokee Yugtun

Paleo-Spanish Zhuyin

Kipu Knot letter in China

Biblical Vincha Ancient Canaanite Issyk Cypro-Minoan Cretan hieroglyphs Linear A Mixtec Indus Valley Jiahu Fields of burial urns Proto-Elamite Rongo-rongo Voynich manuscript Proto-Sinaiticus Tablet from Dispilio Phaistos disc Elamite linear

Mnemonics Shorthand Carriers: Paper Clay tablets Papyrus Parchment (Palimpsest)

Ј , ј (Name: yeah, jota) is a letter of the extended Cyrillic alphabet, the 11th letter of the Serbian and 12th letter of the Macedonian alphabets, also used in Altai, and until 1991 in the Azerbaijani alphabets. Read as [j]; in Altai it means [ɟ] or .

The southern Slavs use it both instead of the traditional letter Y and in combinations Yeah, Yes, Yo, ји, Yeah, replacing the letters of iotized vowels that were abolished from the Serbian writing (see the table of Russian transcription of Serbian letters in the article “Serbian Cyrillic alphabet”).

The letter was introduced into Serbian writing by Vuk Stefanović (not yet Karadžić). Initially, in his grammar of the vernacular Serbian language of 1814, he used the style Ї, which he later changed to Ј - that is, he used the Latin jot in its German sound meaning, at first leaving two dots above the letter. From the very beginning, the introduction of the “Latin” letter into Slavic writing was severely criticized, but over time, “justifications” were found: the J-shaped outline in cursive writing of the 17th-18th centuries. sometimes had the Cyrillic letter I, which in some cases (at the beginning of words and between vowels) was pronounced exactly like [th].

The letter J of the Serbian model was introduced into the newly created Macedonian alphabet on December 4, 1944, as a result of voting by members of the “philological commission for the establishment of the Macedonian alphabet and the Macedonian literary language” (8 votes for, 3 against).

The letter was used in some writing options proposed in the mid-19th century for the Ukrainian language. At the beginning of the 20th century, there were ideas of translating the Russian language into a more phonetic writing system, which also used this letter.

Code table

In HTML, an uppercase letter can be written as Ј or Ј, and a lowercase letter can be written as ј or ј.

Cyrillic alphabet. What are all the letters of the alphabet called in Cyrillic?

Cyrillic alphabet from the era of the most ancient Slavic manuscripts (late 10th - 11th centuries).

Cyrillic letters have their own names.

What do the main characters of the Cyrillic alphabet sound like?

The letter "A" is the name of "az";

Archaeometer

But the letter “B” is not “gods”, but “BUKI” - there is no need to LIE.

But WHY the letters had such strange names, not a single philologist will answer you.

He will not answer because the letters are named in the Holy language of the original Bible - in Hebrew. Without knowing this language, it is impossible to understand the meaning of the names of the letters.

And the point is that the first letters - up to the letter "People" - show the first verses of the Bible, describing, as it were, the creation of the world.

Az - "Then Strong"

Buki - “divided, cut” heaven and earth

Lead - “and certified” that it is good

Vladimir BerShadsky, archaeolinguist

U m k a

Our path of learning to write began with the much beloved and dear “ABC”, which already with its name opened the door to a captivating world Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic.

We all know that “ABC” got its name from the first two letters of the Cyrillic alphabet, but also an interesting fact is that the Cyrillic alphabet had 43 letters, that is, it included the entire Greek alphabet (24 letters) plus another 19 letters.

Below is a complete list of Cyrillic letter names.

88Summertime88

The Cyrillic alphabet appeared in the tenth century.

It is named in honor of St. Cyril, who was an envoy from Byzantium. And it was supposedly compiled by Saint Clement of Ohrid.

The Cyrillic alphabet that exists now was formed in 1708. At this time, Peter the Great ruled.

During the reform of 1917 - 1918, the alphabet was changed, four letters were removed from it.

Currently, this alphabet is used in more than fifty countries in Asia and Europe, including Russia. Some letters may be borrowed from the Latin alphabet.

This is what the tenth century Cyrillic alphabet looked like:

Angelinas

A Early-Cyrillic-letter-Azu.svg 1 [a] az

B Early Cyrillic letter Buky.svg [b] bu?ki

In Early Cyrillic letter Viedi.png 2 [in] ve?di

Г Early Cyrillic letter Glagoli.png 3 [g] verb

D Early Cyrillic letter Dobro.png 4 [d] good?

E, Є Early Cyrillic letter Yesti.png 5 [e] yes

Ж Early Cyrillic letter Zhiviete.png [ж"] live?

Ѕ Early Cyrillic letter Dzelo.png 6 [дз"] zelo?

З Early Cyrillic letter Zemlia.png 7 [з] earth?

And Early Cyrillic letter Izhe.png 8 [and] and? (octal)

I, Ї Early Cyrillic letter I.png 10 [and] and (decimal)

To Early Cyrillic letter Kako.png 20 [k] ka?ko

L Early Cyrillic letter Liudiye.png 30 [l] people?di

M Early Cyrillic letter Myslite.png 40 [m] think?

N Early Cyrillic letter Nashi.png 50 [n] our

About Early Cyrillic letter Onu.png 70 [o] he

P Early Cyrillic letter Pokoi.png 80 [p] rest?

Р Early Cyrillic letter Ritsi.png 100 [р] rtsy

From Early Cyrillic letter Slovo.png 200 [s] word?

T Early Cyrillic letter Tvrido.png 300 [t] hard

Early Cyrillic letter Uku.png (400) [у] ук

F Early Cyrillic letter Fritu.png 500 [f] fert

Х Early Cyrillic letter Khieru.png 600 [х] kher

Early Cyrillic letter Otu.png 800 [about] ome?ga

Ts Early Cyrillic letter Tsi.png 900 [ts’] tsi

Ch Early Cyrillic letter Chrivi.png 90 [h’] worm

Ш Early Cyrillic letter Sha.png [ш’] sha

Ш Early Cyrillic letter Shta.png [sh’t’] ([sh’ch’]) sha

Ъ Early Cyrillic letter Yeru.png [ъ] ер

S Early Cyrillic letter Yery.png [s] era?

ь Early Cyrillic letter Yeri.png [ь] ер

Early Cyrillic letter Yati.png [?], [is] yat

Yu Early Cyrillic letter Yu.png [yu] yu

Early Cyrillic letter Ya.png [ya] A iotized

Early Cyrillic letter Ye.png [ye] E iotized

Early Cyrillic letter Yusu Maliy.png (900) [en] Small Yus

Early Cyrillic letter Yusu Bolshiy.png [he] Big Yus

Early Cyrillic letter Yusu Maliy Yotirovaniy.png [yen] yus small iotized

Early Cyrillic letter Yusu Bolshiy Yotirovaniy.png [yon] yus big iotized

Early Cyrillic letter Ksi.png 60 [ks] xi

Early Cyrillic letter Psi.png 700 [ps] psi

Early Cyrillic letter Fita.png 9 [?], [f] fita?

Early Cyrillic letter Izhitsa.png 400 [and], [in] and?zhitsa

Milonika

Letter A sound [a] az

Letter B sound [b] beeches

Letter B sound [v] lead

Letter G sound [g] verb

Letter D sound [d] good

The letter E, Є sound [e] is

Letter Zh sound [zh "] live

Letter Ѕ sound [dz"] green

Letter Ꙁ, З sound [з] earth

Letter AND sound [and] like that (octal)

Letter I, Ї sound [and] and (decimal)

Letter K sound [k] kako

Letter L sound [l] people

Letter M sound [m] in thought

Letter N sound [n] our

Letter O sound [o] he

Letter P sound [p] peace

Letter R sound [r] rtsy

Letter C sound [s] word

Letter T sound [t] firmly

Letter OU, Ꙋ sound [у] ук

Letter F sound [f] fert

Letter X sound [х] хер

Letter Ѡ sound [o] omega

Letter T sound [ts’] tsi

Letter Ch sound [ch’] worm

Letter Ш sound [sh’] sha

Letter Ш sound [sh’t’] ([sh’ch’]) sha

Letter Ъ sound [ъ] er

Letter Ꙑ sound [s] erý

Letter b sound [b] er

Letter Ѣ sound [æ], [ie] yat

Letter Yu sound [yu] yu

Letter Ꙗ sound [ya] A iotized

Letter Ѥ sound [е] E iotized

Letter Ѧ sound [en] yus small

Letter Ѫ sound [on] yus big

Letter Ѩ sound [yen] yus small iotated

Letter Ѭ sound [yon] yus big iotated

Letter Ѯ sound [ks] xi

Letter Ѱ sound [ps] psi

Letter - sound [θ], [f] fita

Letter V sound [i], [v] izhitsa

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Below I have given a table in which all the letters of the Cyrillic alphabet are listed, their numeric value, how they were written, how they were called and how they were read. Please note that although some letters were read strangely (for example, “a” - “az”), they were pronounced in writing approximately the same as in modern Russian:

Moreljuba

Now we all know the alphabet, which includes thirty-three letters. It is these letters that we begin to study from childhood with the help of a special book called ABC. Previously, the Cyrillic alphabet was studied, containing as many as forty-three letters, and here are all their names:

Smiledimasik

The Cyrillic alphabet is not very simple. If you look closely, you can see how the letters do not just mean letters, but entire words. For example, the first 2 letters of the Cyrillic alphabet indicate the ABC, some letters you can find in the ancient Greek alphabet, they are very similar. Here is the alphabet itself

Master key 111

Indeed, in Cyrillic the letters sound differently, not the way we are used to seeing and pronouncing them, it is also interesting that the Cyrillic alphabet had 43 letters, below is a list of letters and their adjectives, some of which are simply not used today.

What is Cyrillic?

Alyonk@

Cyrillic (Cyrillic letter) is an alphabet used to write words in the Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Serbian and Macedonian languages, as well as many languages ​​of non-Slavic peoples inhabiting Russia and its neighboring states. In the Middle Ages it was also used to write numbers.
The Cyrillic alphabet is named after Cyril, the creator of the Glagolitic alphabet - the first Slavic alphabet. The authorship of the Cyrillic alphabet belongs to the missionaries - followers of Cyril and Methodius. The oldest monuments of Cyrillic writing date back to the turn of the 9th-10th centuries: the late 800s or early 900s. Most likely, this letter was invented in Bulgaria; At first it was a Greek alphabet, to the 24 letters of which 19 letters were added to indicate the sounds of the Slavic language that were absent in the Greek language. Since the 10th century, they began to write Cyrillic in Rus'.
In Russia and other countries, the Cyrillic alphabet went through a number of reforms, the most serious of which were carried out by printers, starting with Ivan Fedorov, and statesmen (for example, Peter I). Reforms most often boiled down to reducing the number of letters and simplifying their style, although there were also counter examples: at the end of the 18th century N. M. Karamzin proposed introducing the letter “ё” into the Russian language, created by adding a characteristic German language umlaut (two dots) to the letter "e". The modern Russian alphabet includes 33 letters remaining after the decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR of October 10, 1918 "On the introduction of a new spelling." According to this decree, all publications and business documentation were transferred to the new spelling from October 15, 1918.

Ririlitsa is a Latin alphabet adapted to Stavian phonetics with Greek.
One of the first two alphabet of Old Church Slavonic writing - one of the two oldest Slavic alphabet (43 graphemes).
Created at the end of the 9th century. (the second was Glagolitic), which received its name from the name Cyril, adopted by the Byzantine missionary.
[link blocked by decision of the project administration]

Houseboy

Cyrillic is a term that has several meanings: 1) Old Church Slavonic alphabet: the same as the Cyrillic (or Cyrillic) alphabet: one of two (along with Glagolitic) ancient alphabets for the Old Church Slavonic language; 2) Cyrillic alphabets: a writing system and alphabet for some other language, based on this Old Slavic Cyrillic alphabet (they talk about Russian, Serbian, etc. Cyrillic alphabet; calling the formal unification of several or all national Cyrillic alphabet “Cyrillic alphabet” is incorrect); 3) Semi-statutory font: the font in which church books are traditionally printed (in this sense, the Cyrillic alphabet is contrasted with the civil or Peter the Great font).

Russian writing has its own history of formation and its own alphabet, which is very different from the same Latin used in most European countries. The Russian alphabet is Cyrillic, or rather its modern, modified version. But let's not get ahead of ourselves.

So, what is Cyrillic? This is the alphabet that underlies some Slavic languages, such as Ukrainian, Russian, Bulgarian, Belarusian, Serbian, Macedonian. As you can see, the definition is quite simple.

The history of the Cyrillic alphabet begins in the 9th century, when the Byzantine Emperor Michael III ordered the creation of a new alphabet for the Slavs in order to convey religious texts to believers.

The honor of creating such an alphabet went to the so-called “Thessalonica brothers” - Cyril and Methodius.

But does this give us an answer to the question, what is the Cyrillic alphabet? Partly yes, but there are still some Interesting Facts. For example, the Cyrillic alphabet is an alphabet based on the Greek statutory letter. It is also worth noting that numbers were denoted using some letters of the Cyrillic alphabet. To do this, a special one was placed above the combination of letters. diacritic- title.

As for the spread of the Cyrillic alphabet, it came to the Slavs only with For example, in Bulgaria the Cyrillic alphabet appeared only in 860, after it adopted Christianity. At the end of the 9th century, the Cyrillic alphabet penetrated into Serbia, and another hundred years later into the territory of Kievan Rus.

Along with the alphabet, church literature, translations of the Gospels, Bibles, and prayers began to spread.

In fact, from this it becomes clear what the Cyrillic alphabet is and where it came from. But has it reached us in its original form? Not at all. Like many things, writing has changed and improved along with our language and culture.

Modern Cyrillic has lost some of its symbols and letters during various reforms. So the following letters disappeared: titlo, iso, kamora, the letters er and er, yat, yus big and small, izhitsa, fita, psi and xi. The modern Cyrillic alphabet consists of 33 letters.

In addition, the alphabetic number has not been used for a long time; it has been completely replaced. The modern version of the Cyrillic alphabet is much more convenient and practical than the one that was a thousand years ago.

So, what is Cyrillic? Cyrillic is an alphabet created by the enlightenment monks Cyril and Methodius on the orders of Tsar Michael III. Having accepted the new faith, we received at our disposal not only new customs, a new deity and culture, but also an alphabet, a lot of translated church book literature, which for a long time remained the only type of literature that the educated layers of the population of Kievan Rus could enjoy.

Over the course of time and under the influence of various reforms, the alphabet changed, improved, and extra and unnecessary letters and symbols disappeared from it. The Cyrillic alphabet that we use today is the result of all the metamorphoses that have occurred over more than a thousand years of the existence of the Slavic alphabet.

If you need to insert Russian letters into a non-Russian-language page, or Old Church Slavonic (Cyrillic) symbols are needed in Russian text, for example, the letter "ѣ" ("yat"), then I will offer you several solutions:
1. Draw
We draw letters using graphics in a trivial way:

advantages: 1) flexibility - this way you can write any letter of any alphabet; 2) universality - every reader will see the letter exactly in the form in which you expected, with all the squiggles, diactric signs, etc.
flaws: carriage and small cart. The main thing is that the text ceases to be text, but becomes a picture, unsuitable either for analysis or for subsequent processing. And the “heaviness” of the graphics is not the last argument (the “weight” of the phrase “like cherubs” given here as an example is about 1000 bytes, the same phrase written in text as an example at the bottom of this page “weighs” 36 bytes); Compared to bare text, images load incredibly slowly. And think how difficult it will be for you to create and edit a document. A simple typo will result in a severe headache...

2. Substitute
Replacing the missing characters with others gives a pretty good result: for example, a crossed out soft sign will pass for the letter “yat”: b, “fit” will be given to us by a crossed out “O” or the number zero: 0 ; xi-psi-omega-izhitsa, etc. can be “created” from similar Greek letters: ξ ψ ω υ; “and decimal” and the same “izhitsa” are obtained from the Latin alphabet: i v; etc.
advantages: the text remains light and yet readable
flaws: after all, zero or Greek i-psilon are alien things in Russian words

3. Encode
It turns out that some unicode fonts have real Cyrillic yusi-yati-izhitsa, etc., practically provided full set characters (I didn’t find only the “two-vowel” “ia”). How to insert “interesting” letters into the text? Firstly, it is necessary to use, if possible, a font that has an extended table of Cyrillic characters, and secondly, in place of the “complex” letters, put their codes (see table below). An example of using Cyrillic letter codes among Russian text:
Rejoice, the indescribable Light who gave birth
advantages: full-fledged Cyrillic letters are used, not their ersatz substitutes from foreign alphabets.
flaws: not every reader will see letters that are not included in the modern Russian alphabet. The "correct" font must be installed on the system. It is gratifying that one of these fonts is becoming de facto standard: starting from MS Office 2000, all Offices are being implemented in Windows font Arial Unicode MS, containing the icons we need.

Table of symbols of the Cyrillic alphabet, the modern Russian alphabet and some characters: