Electrical phenomena in technology examples. Electrification by friction in production and at home
1. For the first time, electrification of liquid during crushing was noticed at the waterfalls of Switzerland in 1786. Since 1913. The phenomenon is called the balloelectric effect. The electrification effect is observed not only at waterfalls in open areas, but also in caves.
The charge in the air at waterfalls is imparted by microscopic droplets of water and molecular complexes, which, when crushed, break away from the water surface and are carried away into the environment.
The most significant effect of air electrification is observed at the largest waterfalls in the world - Iguassu on the border of Brazil and Argentina (water fall height - 190 m, flow width - 1,500 m) and Victoria on the Zambezi River in Africa (water fall height - 133 m, flow width -1600 m). At Victoria Falls, due to the crushing of water, an electric field of 25 kV/m appears.
When fresh water is crushed, a negative charge is transferred into the air. Therefore, in the air near waterfalls the number of negative ions exceeds the number of positive ones.
At the small Uchan-Su waterfall in Crimea, the ratio of negative ions to the number of positive ions is 6.2.
2. Near the coasts of the seas, the air acquires a positive charge due to the splashing of salt water. On the surface of seas and oceans, water splashing begins at wind speeds of more than 10 m/s, when foam crests appear on the waves. The ratio of positive charges to negative charges in the air over the Black and Azov Seas reaches 2.04 in rough seas and 1.48 in swells.
3. The conqueror of Chomolungma N. Tensing in 1953, in the area of the southern col of this mountain peak at an altitude of 7.9 km above sea level at -30 ° C and dry wind up to 25 m/s, observed strong electrification of icy tarpaulin tents inserted one into another. The space between the tents was filled with numerous electrical sparks.
4. The movement of avalanches in the mountains on moonless nights is sometimes accompanied by a greenish-yellow glow, making the avalanches visible. Typically, light phenomena are observed in avalanches moving along a snow surface, and are not observed in avalanches sweeping along rocks. On Antarctic lakes, during the polar night, a glow sometimes appears when large masses of lake ice break up.
5. Lightning chooses the shortest path to the ground, so it hits buildings or trees. Tall buildings are equipped with metal strips (rods) through which the electrical discharge goes into the ground. This is a lightning rod. A lightning discharge travels to the ground and back along the same path.
This happens so fast that our eyes only see one flash. On its path, lightning heats up the air, which, rapidly expanding, creates a sound wave. This causes thunderclaps. We hear them after we see lightning because sound travels much slower than light.
Static electricity in technology. When is electrification of bodies useful?
Static electricity can be a faithful assistant to a person if you study its patterns and use them correctly. In technology, a method is used, the essence of which is as follows.
The smallest solid or liquid particles of a material enter an electric field, where electrons and ions “settle” on their surface, i.e. the particles acquire a charge and then move under the influence of the electric field.
Depending on the purpose of the equipment, it is possible, using electric fields, to control the movement of particles in different ways in accordance with the required technological process. This technology has already made its way into various sectors of the national economy.
Painter without brush
Painted parts moving on a conveyor belt, such as a car body, are charged positively, and the paint particles are given a negative charge, and they rush towards the positively charged part. The layer of paint on it is thin, uniform and dense.
Indeed, similarly charged dye particles repel each other - hence the uniformity of the coloring layer. Particles dispersed by an electric field hit the product with force - hence the color density.
Paint consumption is reduced, since it is deposited only on the part. The method of painting products in an electric field is now widely used in our country.
Electric smoked meats
Smoking is the impregnation of a product with wood smoke. Smoke particles not only add flavor to foods, but also protect them from spoilage.
During electric smoking, smoke particles are charged positively, and, for example, a fish carcass serves as a negative electrode. Charged smoke particles settle on the surface of the carcass and are partially absorbed by it. All electric smoking lasts several minutes. Previously, smoking was considered a long process.
Electric pile
To obtain a layer of fluff on any material in an electric field, you need to ground the material, cover the surface with an adhesive, and then pass a portion of the fluff through a charged metal mesh located above this surface. The fibers are quickly oriented in the field and, distributed evenly, settle on the glue strictly perpendicular to the surface.
This is how coatings similar to suede or velvet are obtained. It is easy to obtain a multi-colored pattern by preparing portions of piles of different colors and several templates, which are used to alternately cover individual sections of the product during the electric napping process. This is how you can make multi-colored carpets.
How to catch dust
Clean air is needed not only by people and high-precision industries. All machines wear out prematurely due to dust, and their air cooling channels become clogged. In addition, often the dust that flies away with exhaust gases represents a valuable raw material. Purification of industrial gases has become a necessity. Practice has shown that an electric field copes well with this.
Wire B is installed in the center of the metal pipe, which serves as one of the electrodes, the second being the walls of pipe B. In an electric field, the gas in the pipe is ionized. Negative ions “stick” to the smoke particles coming along with the gas through inlet A and charge them.
Under the influence of the field, these particles move towards the pipe and are deposited on it, and the purified gas is sent to outlet D. The pipe is shaken from time to time, and the captured particles enter hopper D. Electric filters at large thermal power plants capture 99% of the ash contained in the outlet gases .
Mixing of substances
If small particles of one substance are charged positively and another negatively, then it is easy to obtain a mixture of them, where the particles are evenly distributed. For example, at a bakery, you no longer have to do a lot of mechanical work to knead the dough.
Positively charged grains of flour are conveyed by air flow into the chamber, where they meet negatively charged droplets of water containing yeast. Grains of flour and droplets of water, attracted to each other, form a homogeneous dough.
Many other examples of useful applications of static electrification can be given. The technology based on this phenomenon is convenient: the flow of charged particles can be controlled by changing the electric field, and the whole process is easy to automate.
Physical bodies are the “actors” of physical phenomena. Let's get to know some of them.
Mechanical phenomena
Mechanical phenomena are the movement of bodies (Fig. 1.3) and their action on each other, for example repulsion or attraction. The action of bodies on each other is called interaction.
We will get to know mechanical phenomena in more detail this academic year.
Rice. 1.3. Examples of mechanical phenomena: movement and interaction of bodies during sports competitions (a, b. c); movement of the Earth around the Sun and its rotation around its own axis (r)
Sound phenomena
Sound phenomena, as the name suggests, are phenomena involving sound. These include, for example, the propagation of sound in air or water, as well as the reflection of sound from various obstacles - say, mountains or buildings. When sound is reflected, a familiar echo appears.
Thermal phenomena
Thermal phenomena are the heating and cooling of bodies, as well as, for example, evaporation (the transformation of a liquid into steam) and melting (the transformation of a solid into a liquid).
Thermal phenomena are extremely widespread: for example, they determine the water cycle in nature (Fig. 1.4).
Rice. 1.4. Water cycle in nature
The water of the oceans and seas, heated by the sun's rays, evaporates. As the steam rises, it cools, turning into water droplets or ice crystals. They form clouds from which water returns to Earth in the form of rain or snow.
The real “laboratory” of thermal phenomena is the kitchen: whether soup is being cooked on the stove, whether water is boiling in a kettle, whether food is frozen in the refrigerator - all these are examples of thermal phenomena.
The operation of a car engine is also determined by thermal phenomena: when gasoline burns, a very hot gas is formed, which pushes the piston (motor part). And the movement of the piston is transmitted through special mechanisms to the wheels of the car.
Electrical and magnetic phenomena
The most striking (in the literal sense of the word) example of an electrical phenomenon is lightning (Fig. 1.5, a). Electric lighting and electric transport (Fig. 1.5, b) became possible thanks to the use of electrical phenomena. Examples of magnetic phenomena are the attraction of iron and steel objects by permanent magnets, as well as the interaction of permanent magnets.
Rice. 1.5. Electrical and magnetic phenomena and their uses
The compass needle (Fig. 1.5, c) rotates so that its “north” end points north precisely because the needle is a small permanent magnet, and the Earth is a huge magnet. The Northern Lights (Fig. 1.5, d) are caused by the fact that electrically charged particles flying from space interact with the Earth as with a magnet. Electrical and magnetic phenomena determine the operation of televisions and computers (Fig. 1.5, e, f).
Optical phenomena
Wherever we look, we will see optical phenomena everywhere (Fig. 1.6). These are phenomena associated with light.
An example of an optical phenomenon is the reflection of light by various objects. Rays of light reflected by objects enter our eyes, thanks to which we see these objects.
Rice. 1.6. Examples of optical phenomena: The sun emits light (a); The moon reflects sunlight (b); Mirrors (c) reflect light especially well; one of the most beautiful optical phenomena - rainbow (d)
Technological progress not only expands man's capabilities and his power over nature, but at the same time poses many new problems. For example, today strong electric fields are used in various industries, synthetics are widely introduced into everyday life, and synthetic materials have the ability to accumulate electrical charges. And we have to solve problems related to the influence of electric fields on technological processes and on the human body.
Here are some examples.
At one of the pulp and paper mills, for some time they could not determine the cause of frequent breaks in a fast-moving paper belt. Scientists were invited. They found out that the reason was the electrification of the belt when it was rubbed against the rollers.
Such “spontaneous” electrification is very dangerous, as it can cause a fire.
When it rubs against the air, the plane becomes electrified. Therefore, after landing, you cannot immediately attach a metal ladder to the plane: a discharge may occur that will cause a fire. First, the aircraft is “discharged”: a metal cable connected to the aircraft skin is lowered to the ground, and the discharge occurs between the ground and the end of the cable.
Electrical discharges also occur when a person walks on the polymer floors of a modern apartment, synthetic carpets, or takes off nylon clothing.
Are there ways and means to combat the accumulation of electrical charges? Of course there is.
In production, this means careful grounding of machines, the use of conductive plastics for floors, air humidification, the use of various kinds of “neutralizers” (according to production conditions - induction, electrical, radioisotope, electroaerosol, etc.).
At home, it is quite easy to eliminate static electricity charges by increasing the relative air humidity in the apartment to 60-70% (electric humidifiers can be used for this). Electrification is eliminated if hydrophilic substances, such as calcium chloride, are added to the water used to wipe plastic floors, and also if electrified surfaces are wiped with glycerin. The chemical industry is now producing the drug “Antistatic”, which removes the electrical charge from synthetic clothing.
When an electrified body comes into contact with a grounded surface, an electrical discharge occurs. Its effect on the human body is also being studied.
As a result of studies conducted in Leningrad, it was found that a discharge current of up to 20 μA does not cause noticeable physiological changes in the human body, even with prolonged exposure. Consequently, discharges that occur in everyday life and in most technological processes as a result of contact of an electrified human body with a grounded surface are not dangerous to health.
It should be noted that the electrification of synthetic underwear that occurs during wear turns out to be even useful. For example, it is known that polyvinyl chloride underwear helps in the treatment of certain diseases.
Strong electric fields are used in medicine to create electroaerosols. They are medicinal or other biological substances sprayed in an electrostatic field and have a number of properties that distinguish them favorably from conventional aerosols: electroaerosol droplets are more crushed, stick together less, and under certain conditions they penetrate deeper into the lungs (down to the smallest lung cells - alveoli), creating in them reserves of gradually absorbed medicinal or biologically active substances.
This lesson is the final one in the section "Electrical Phenomena"
"Annex 1"
Annex 1
TasksI group "Electrical phenomena in nature"
Electrical phenomena in living nature
The first objects indicating the presence of electricalphenomena in living nature, there were fish. Residents of South America have long noticed that some fish are capable of delivering paralyzing blows. Electric eels, Nile electric catfish, and stingrays have such abilities. Even the ancient Romans knew how electric stingrays get their food: they do not chase prey, do not sit in ambush, but crabs or octopuses that find themselves next to stingrays calmly swimming in the water begin to convulse and die from an electrical discharge.
The nearly blind electric eel navigates and recognizes objects by emitting weak discharges—about one per minute—that briefly create an electric field around its entire body. If any object or potential prey gets into this field, the fish immediately becomes alert and either goes around the obstacle or hurries to the prey. The Amazon electric eel is a freshwater fish native to South America. Unlike its small relatives, it reaches 2.5 m in length, with four-fifths of the body being electrical organs. This is one of the few animals that kill with electric shock. It generates voltage up to 600 volts, which can knock down a horse. He can smoothly move his long body under snags or among stones without ever touching them.
The beak of the platypus, an inhabitant of Australian rivers, has amazing electrical properties. The platypus's beak helps the animal find food by swimming underwater with its eyes, ears and nostrils closed. The wide, leathery beak of this unusual mammal is covered with thousands of tiny pores containing receptors that sense weak electrical fields created by the muscle contractions of their prey. By moving its sensitive beak along the bottom, the platypus satisfies its insatiable appetite: every day it eats almost as much food as it weighs. It also senses weaker electric fields created by the movement of water through obstacles such as stones and logs. This helps the platypus navigate.
Electrical phenomena in inanimate nature
For a long time, people have observed thunderstorms, lightning, “St. Elmo’s lights, and the northern lights. The electrical nature of lightning was revealed in the research of the American physicist B. Franklin, on whose idea an experiment was carried out to extract electricity from a thundercloud. Franklin's experience in elucidating the electrical nature of lightning is widely known. In 1750, he published a work that described an experiment using a kite launched into a thunderstorm. The average length of lightning is 2.5 km, some discharges extend up to 20 km in the atmosphere.
Most often, lightning occurs in cumulonimbus clouds, then they are called thunderstorms; Lightning sometimes forms in nimbostratus clouds, as well as during volcanic eruptions, tornadoes and dust storms.
Lightning is a serious threat to human life. A person or animal being struck by lightning often occurs in open spaces because... The electric current follows the shortest path "thundercloud-ground". Often lightning strikes trees and transformer installations on the railway, causing them to catch fire. It is impossible to be struck by ordinary lightning inside a building, but there is an opinion that so-called ball lightning can penetrate through cracks and open windows. A normal lightning discharge is dangerous for television and radio antennas located on the roofs of high-rise buildings, as well as for network equipment.
Our planet is full of mysteries and unusual phenomena. For a long time, people have been interested in such a specific glow, which was called “St. Elmo’s Lights.” It occurs on building spiers and various pointed objects during snow storms, thunderstorms and tornadoes.
In the Middle Ages, people did not find a scientific explanation for this phenomenon and considered such a light a sign from the Higher Powers. However, today physicists clearly explain this amazing process. It turns out that when a thunderstorm approaches, a huge amount of electricity accumulates on the ground. Considering the fact that the air is charged with positive particles, and the earth – with negative ones, an electric discharge occurs in the middle layers of the atmosphere when the particles come into contact. St. Elmo's Lights are bright, short-lived flashes, sparks, or blue-white lights that resemble a torch. Their occurrence is accompanied by specific sound effects: hissing, crackling.
Group I assignments.
| Tell us about one phenomenon in living nature. |
| Make a collage “Electrical phenomena in nature” |
TasksII group. Electrical phenomena in technology
Electrical phenomena in technology
| Industrial filters for removing particulate matter from gas emissions cannot catch dust that is too fine. For this purpose, electric precipitators are used. Streams of electrons flow from the pointed ends of highly electrified electrodes, which charge the dust particles. Under the influence of an electric field, charged dust particles are deposited on electrodes with the opposite charge sign. The design of a laser printer is based on electrical phenomena. When the printer receives a print job, the image is “drawn” using a laser in the form of positively charged dots. Then very fine dry paint is poured from the container onto the drum, which sticks only in those places where there are positively charged points. Using a special mechanism, paper is fed to the drum, acquiring a negative charge along the way. The paper comes into contact with the photodrum, particles of positively charged ink are attracted to the negatively charged sheet, on which a print remains. The paper then passes over a hot roller where the ink particles are “melted” into the paper. In modern automobile factories, car bodies are painted in special chambers, where the paint is sprayed and at the same time electrically charged negatively, and then settles on the body, which is positively charged. Thus, the painting process is automated and high color uniformity is achieved. Similar to the process of painting cars, fish is smoked in the food industry. Smoking is the process of impregnating food with smoke. Smoke particles are charged positively, and they evenly settle on the negatively charged carcass of fish or meat, so the smoking process occurs faster and with better quality. To obtain a layer of fluff on any material in an electric field, you need to ground the material, cover the surface with an adhesive, and then pass a portion of the fluff through a charged metal mesh located above this surface. The fibers are quickly oriented in the field and, distributed evenly, settle on the glue strictly perpendicular to the surface. This is how coatings similar to suede or velvet are obtained. It’s easy to get a multi-colored pattern by preparing portions of piles of different colors. This is how you can make multi-colored carpets. If small particles of one substance are charged positively and another negatively, then it is easy to obtain a mixture of them, where the particles are evenly distributed. For example, at a bakery, you no longer have to do a lot of mechanical work to knead the dough. Positively charged grains of flour are conveyed by air flow into the chamber, where they meet negatively charged droplets of water containing yeast. Grains of flour and droplets of water form a homogeneous dough. Many other examples of useful applications of static electrification can be given. The technology based on this phenomenon is convenient: the flow of charged particles can be controlled by changing the electric field, and the whole process is easy to automate. In situations where friction of contacting surfaces occurs, the phenomenon of electrification can be observed. This is very dangerous in some industries (for example, flour mills, textile and chemical plants), as well as in the manufacture of electronic devices. For example, leather or rubber belts that transmit rotation in mills are electrified, and the resulting spark discharge can cause an explosion of flour dust. During operation of the weaving loom, the fabric fibers acquire opposite charges due to friction, this leads to their mutual repulsion (they begin to “puff up”), which makes working on the loom much more difficult. In addition, electrified fabric attracts dust particles from the air, so the fabric becomes very dirty during production. During flight, due to friction with the air, airplanes become electrified. Therefore, after landing, you cannot immediately attach a metal ramp to the plane: an electric spark may occur and, as a result, a fire. First, the plane is discharged: a metal cable connected to the body of the plane is lowered to the ground, and the electrical charges go into the ground. To neutralize the harmful effects of static electricity: in production, machines and machines are grounded, the air is humidified, and special charge neutralizers are used; At home they humidify the premises, use special additives to water when washing floors, and antistatic agents for clothes. Group II tasks.
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"Appendix 2"
Appendix 2
| Independent work Option 1 | Independent work Option 2 |
| 1. Find the voltage at the ends of the heating element if its resistance is 40 Ohms and the current is 2 A. 2. What charge flows through the coil of a galvanometer connected to the circuit for 2 minutes if the current in the circuit is 12 mA? 3.What effect of electric current do we encounter when ozone is formed in the air during lightning discharges? | 1. On the base of the light bulb it is written: “3.5 V; 0.28 A.” Find the resistance of the lamp filament. 2. Determine the current strength in an electric lamp if an electric charge of 150 C passes through it in 5 minutes. 3.Why is it recommended to stand on one leg near the place where the broken high voltage wire comes into contact with the ground? |
| Full name_________________________________ | Full name______________________________ |
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"Appendix 3"
Appendix 3
Homework
When installing a lightning rod, a steel wire with a cross-sectional area of 35 mm 2 and a length of 25 m was used. Determine its resistance.
Why do birds sit calmly on wires?
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Using the Internet, find out which electrical appliances were the first?
Using the Internet, find out what the name of the first street with electric lighting was?
Why can’t you extinguish a fire caused by electric current, water or a regular fire extinguisher, but rather use dry sand?
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Municipal educational institution
“Secondary school No. 2”, Babynino village, Kaluga region
Municipal educational institution "Secondary school No. 2" Babynino village
Kochanova E.V.
Compliance with the position held
Subject:"Electrical phenomena in nature and technology"
Target: find out what electrical phenomena occur in nature and technology.
Organizational moment: Hello! I am glad to welcome everyone present! Let's smile at each other and give a piece of warmth! Sit down! Let's start our lesson.
Updating knowledge. Setting the goals and objectives of the lesson.
Teacher: Choose the extra concept in each line and explain your choice. (slide 2)
Students. Apple, dawn.
Teacher: All phenomena that we encounter in physics are called physical. (slide 3)
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Magnetic
Physical phenomena
Light
Students. Mechanical, sound, thermal, electrical.
Teacher: What phenomena are shown in the pictures? (slide 4)
Students: Electrical.
Teacher: Why do you think we will study these phenomena, what is the purpose of the lesson? What is the topic of today's lesson?
Students: Electrical phenomena in nature and technology.
Learning new material
(Write on the board “Electrical phenomena”)
Teacher: Open your notebooks, write down the number, class work and the topic “Electrical Phenomena”.
Teacher. You will now be divided into two groups for project work. The first group is working on the problem “Electrical phenomena in nature”, the second group is working on “Electrical phenomena in technology”. Annex 1
Make a note in your notebooks.
Electrical phenomena
in nature in technology
Working on projects.
Group I assignments.
| Give examples of electrical phenomena in living nature. |
| Give examples of electrical phenomena in inanimate nature. |
| What devices are used to protect buildings from lightning? |
| You were caught in a thunderstorm while you were walking with your dog, leading it on a thin chain. Your actions to save yourself and your dog from lightning. |
| From the proposed pictures, make a collage “Electrical phenomena in nature” |
Group II tasks.
| Where do electrical phenomena occur in technology? |
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| What benefits do electrical phenomena bring? |
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| Do electrical phenomena harm technology? Give examples. |
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| How can you neutralize the harmful effects of static electricity? |
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| Make a collage “Electrical phenomena in technology” from the proposed pictures. |
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| Why is it necessary to wear shoes with rubber soles when performing electrical work performed under voltage? |
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| 4.Project protection Teacher: Have you now heard and seen the performances of each group? What phenomena in nature and technology have you become familiar with? So, have we achieved the goal set at the beginning of the lesson? Teacher. Open your textbooks to page 100 and remember the symbols of electrical devices on an electrical circuit. Let's fill out the table. (Students go to the board one by one and fill out the table)
Look carefully at the board. Are there any errors? 6. Consolidation of acquired knowledge Teacher: Complete the tasks yourself on cards from yellow envelopes. At the end of the lesson, turn in the solution cards. Appendix 2 7.Reflection Teacher: Let's summarize the lesson. Have we achieved our goal? Have you covered the topic of the lesson? (Students' answers) I found out... I managed... It was difficult for me... I would like to know more... I'm in a... mood. 7. Homework Teacher. Open your diaries and write down your homework. Complete the tasks on the cards. (Tasks 1-2, additionally 3-5) Appendix 3 The lesson is over! Bibliography A.V. Peryshkin “Physics”, 8th grade A. Semke Physics and wildlife. Entertaining material for lessons. 7-9 grades Publishing House "First of September" Learning with passion in physics lessons in grades 7-9 Publishing House "First of September", Physics magazine, No. 10, 2015 Publishing House "First of September", Physics magazine, No. 2, 2016 T. Lisyakova Physics in drawings. Materials for lessons in grades 7-8 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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"Electrical phenomena in nature and technology"
Municipal educational institution "Secondary school No. 2" Babynino village
"Electrical phenomena in nature and technology"
Mathematic teacher
Kochanova E.V.
- Snowfall, ice drift, leaf fall, blizzard, blizzard, apple, rainbow.
- Ball, nail, pencil, dawn, car.
Fill out the table using the pictures provided:
Physical phenomena
Magnetic
Mechanical
Thermal
Sound
Electrical
Light
Physical phenomena
Magnetic
Mechanical
Reflection
I found out...
I managed...
It was difficult for me...
I would like to know more...
I am satisfied with my work in class (not really, not satisfied) because...
I'm in a... mood.
Humanity has tried to logically explain various electrical phenomena, examples of which they observed in nature. Thus, in ancient times, lightning was considered a sure sign of the wrath of the gods, medieval sailors trembled blissfully before the fires of St. Elmo, and our contemporaries are extremely afraid of encountering ball lightning.
All these are electrical phenomena. In nature, everything, even you and me, carries within itself. If objects with large charges of different polarities come close, then a physical interaction occurs, the visible result of which is a flow of cold plasma colored, usually yellow or purple, between them. Its flow stops as soon as the charges in both bodies are balanced.
The most common electrical phenomena in nature is lightning. Every second, several hundred of them hit the Earth's surface. Lightning usually targets isolated tall objects, since, according to physical laws, the transfer of a strong charge requires the shortest distance between a thundercloud and the surface of the Earth. To protect buildings from lightning strikes, their owners install lightning rods on the roofs, which are tall metal structures with grounding, which, when struck by lightning, allows the entire discharge to be discharged into the soil.
Another electrical phenomenon, the nature of which remained unclear for a very long time. Mostly sailors dealt with him. The lights manifested themselves as follows: when a ship was caught in a thunderstorm, the tops of its masts began to blaze with bright flames. The explanation for the phenomenon turned out to be very simple - the fundamental role was played by the high voltage of the electromagnetic field, which is observed every time before the onset of a thunderstorm. But not only sailors can deal with lights. Pilots of large airliners have also experienced this phenomenon when flying through clouds of ash thrown into the sky by volcanic eruptions. The fires arise from the friction of ash particles against the skin.
Both lightning and St. Elmo's fire are electrical phenomena that many have seen, but not everyone has been able to encounter them. Their nature has not been fully studied. Typically, eyewitnesses describe ball lightning as a bright luminous spherical formation, moving chaotically in space. Three years ago, a theory was put forward that cast doubt on the reality of their existence. If it was previously believed that various ball lightnings were electrical phenomena, then the theory suggested that they were nothing more than hallucinations.
There is another phenomenon that is of an electromagnetic nature - the northern lights. It arises as a result of the influence of the solar wind on the upper Northern Lights. They look like flashes of a variety of colors and are usually recorded at fairly high latitudes. There are, of course, exceptions - if it is high enough, then residents of temperate latitudes can also see the lights in the sky.
Electrical phenomena are a rather interesting object of study for physicists all over the planet, since most of them require detailed justification and serious study.