DNS hosting and Yandex DNS editor. What is DNS? Why change DNS when changing hosting?

The ability to change the DNS of your domain (site) is an important tool for working with the site. But it's not true specified DNS can take your site out of working condition for a long time. This is due to the fact that the change and entry into force of the CSN does not occur instantly. Changing DNS is done in the domain control panel or through your domain name registrar. The period for changing the DNS takes 24-72 hours.

What is a Domain Name Server?

DNS (Domain Name Server) tells computers how to find each other over the Internet. When you type an address into your browser, your Internet Service Provider (ISP) checks it through a domain name server (DNS) to address your request.
.ru = 94.142.139.100 >> the contents of the site open to you.

How it works?

This mechanism of action was adopted because Domain name does not always have the same address. Each server on the Internet has its own IP address (a set of numbers, like a telephone number). Every time you change your hosting provider, which means moving to a different server, you get a new IP address. A domain name server stores a record of your domain name and the IP address of the server to which requests should be sent.

Why change the new hosting DNS in my domain records?

The Domain Name Server is responsible for finding information about your site. When you fill out a DNS record for your domain, you tell the entire Internet the exact location of your site. If you do not change the information in your domain record, (that is, you continue to use the previous DNS hosting-provider), then the pointer to information about your site will point to a server where your site actually no longer exists. Or if the previous hosting provider has already removed from his DNS records about your website, then your domain will link to nowhere.

How does the DNS change system work?

When you first open hosting or register a domain name for the first time, information about new entry arrives at another domain name server (DNS). Your website can be up and running in as little as 4 hours, but the average dissemination time is 24-72 hours. This delay occurs because most name servers (DNS) are configured to update information periodically. The information stored on them is not always correct. Updating information at a certain interval for these servers was chosen because DNS change rarely happens.

3 reasons why a domain name refers to the old hosting:

1. Information about the old DNS remains in your domain records.
Action: Edit your domain records so that they point to the name server (DNS) of your new hosting provider.

2. The hosting provider has not removed your domain records from their domain name server.
Action: Ask for it to be removed old post about your domain, or follow the steps above if you have switched to a new hosting provider.

3. Information about the new record for your site has not yet propagated to all name servers (DNS). This happens whenever you change the name server (DNS) locator entry for your site's domain.
Action: Wait 24-72 hours and contact your hosting provider if the problem persists.

Why do some users already see my new site, but I don’t??

The records of your domain at the provider they are connected to have already been updated. In the near future (up to 72 hours) the records will be updated with your provider.

What is the way to view the site and work with it before changing the DNS?

When ordering test hosting, a third-level domain name will be automatically generated in the zone hostzona.net, For example mysite.hostzona.net
You can change it to the main one at any time as soon as you register new domain or configure your DNS servers to ours:
ns1.marosnet.ru
ns2.marosnet.ru
To change the main domain name, write a request to tech. support through your personal account.
If, when ordering hosting, you specified a domain name that has not yet been registered or the DNS servers have not yet been changed to ours, write a request to technical support. support, and you will be allocated an additional third-level domain name in the zone hostzona.net, For example mysite.hostzona.net.

How should I change DNS if the domain was registered with Host-Solutions?

If the domain registration was carried out in our company, then by default, your domain already links to our DNS and is ready to go.

Our DNS:

< Предыдущая

If the first place is given to fault tolerance and availability of the site at any time, then the best solution There will be paid DNS. Paid services also suitable if attackers are DDoSing your nameservers.

If you don't want to depend on third party companies and manage DNS yourself, your choice is own servers names Responsibility for their performance lies with you.

If you don’t want to deal with placement and configuration issues, and short-term failures are not critical, then your choice is free DNS or a DNS provider.

What is a DNS server, its types

DNS server(NS, Name Server, name server) is responsible for converting a domain name to an IP address. Using the IP address, the browser opens the requested website.

Example of domain to IP address conversion
firstvds.ru → 80.87.203.35

There are several options for hosting DNS servers:

• Hosting provider DNS servers
• Own DNS servers
• Free DNS hosting
• Paid DNS hosting
• CDN proxy (in DNS mode)

Usually you use your own servers or hosting servers. Let's consider the options in more detail, identifying the advantages and disadvantages of each of them.

Provider DNS server

When purchasing a server, hosting companies may provide free name servers (both primary and secondary). This option is suitable for those who don’t want to bother: when you add a domain in the control panel, the remaining parameters are configured automatically (this is how it works on our hosting).

The main disadvantage is that hosting providers provide DNS services with basic functionality. They cope with the basic task (domain to IP translation), but additional functionality (API, IPv6, DDNS, Geo Routing) is missing or reduced.

All clients use common nameservers. If a strong DDoS attack is ordered on the NS of one of the clients, then all other clients may experience operational failures. Despite this, hosting companies try to protect their DNS from DDoS.

Pros:

• Easy to set up
• There is no need to monitor the state of the DNS server
• For free

Minuses:

• The service may not be available on all hosting sites
• Inability to use API
• Possible malfunctions

Own DNS server

Suitable for owners of virtual ones and those who want to buy. The client hosts the DNS on its own server, usually on the same server as the site.

Settings using the panel. Most control panels support setting up nameservers. FirstVDS clients use the ISPmanager panel, which has this feature.

Self-configuration. You can configure name servers without a control panel. To do this, just install a DNS server program (for example, BIND) and create configuration file according to the sample.

DNS server and DDoS protection. If you use DDoS protection services, it is not recommended to host the DNS service and website on the same server. DDoS protection services can block all UDP traffic in case of strong attacks, and clients cannot access the name server - the site will be unavailable by domain name. In this case, DNS should be located on a separate server.

Pros:

• Independence from third party resources
• Opportunity DNS settings for yourself and use your own scripts
• For free

Minuses:

• Requires 2 IP addresses
• Difficulty setting up
• Self-service support
• Possible problems when using DDoS protection

Registrars require that each domain have at least two name servers: a primary (master) and at least one secondary (slave). The addresses must be two different IP addresses.

To satisfy this requirement, an additional IP address is connected to the server. The primary address is designated as the primary NS, and the secondary address is designated as the secondary NS.

Free DNS hosting

On the Internet you can find many resources offering free DNS servers.

Free DNS hosting - good decision, if you do not have the ability to administer the DNS server yourself. But be careful: often in conditions free services disclaimer is stated. There may be restrictions on the number of domains and the number of requests per month. Posting commercial projects may be prohibited. Study the terms and conditions of the chosen service well.

Pros:

• For free
• The ability to find a service that suits the conditions and capabilities

Minuses:

• Not responsible for performance
• API is missing or difficult to use
• Resource Limits

Paid DNS hosting

Paid DNS hostings, unlike free ones, guarantee a level of service and provide a set of additional features. This DNS hosting is positioned as fault-tolerant and highly available. He already has a transfer current settings from other servers and a full-fledged API for which many ready-made recipes have been written.

Pros:

• fault tolerance
• Full API
• Additional functionality

Minuses:

• Payable service

Why do you need an API on DNS hosting?

The most common application is to create a fault-tolerant system. For example, we have two servers. Server A is the main one, it hosts the site that visitors access. Server B is a backup server; it stores an up-to-date copy (replica) of the main site.

Let's imagine that we rent a paid DNS server. If the site is operating in normal mode, then the data is sent from server A. On server B there is a script running that checks the availability of the site to server A. If it stops working, then the script uses the API to access the DNS hosting and writes the IP-record to the A record. server B address. The site continues to work from the backup server.

Since the switching occurs with minimal delay, visitors will not notice the switch.

CDN proxy

CDN proxies (Content Distribution Network) stand out, which can also be used as DNS. CDN proxies speed up website performance by caching data on a distributed network of servers. The site is served to the client from the server closest to him. CDN can also filter malicious requests (protect the site from DDoS).

CDN networks have a serious drawback: the IP address for domains hosted in the CDN is assigned randomly. Those. it will be impossible to access the site or server directly using the IP address.

In addition, the site may be blocked in the Russian Federation. IP addresses of sites with prohibited content are blacklisted by Roskomnadzor and blocked by providers (and this is not uncommon for CDN networks). If your domain accidentally gets one of these addresses, the site will be unavailable. For this reason, it is necessary to carefully select a CDN provider and learn in advance about IP addresses that are on blacklists and possible problems with them.

Pros:

• Increasing the speed of content delivery
• Protection against malicious requests
• Ease of use
• fault tolerance

Minuses:

• IP addresses may be blacklisted by Roskomnadzor
• Price

The DNS system assumes the presence of a primary and secondary DNS servers. The primary one contains a record from the domain name, while the secondary ones relay it over the network. Primary DNS can be located on a hosting server, third-party or self-supported. Weak spot here is the impossibility of maintaining a domain name in the event of the primary DNS disappearing from the network and updating world servers at this time. What is DNS hosting– this is the delegation of a domain name record to other servers in order to avoid the described situation.

How DNS hosting works

For truly reliable operation of the site, parallelization of the domain name record is necessary. Otherwise, a situation of lack of access is possible even with stable hosting of the web resource - the latter becomes accessible only by IP request or is completely unavailable. Domain data can be stored in parallel in many places without any damage. DNS servers should be as different in location as possible.
It is not enough to have parallel DNS in the same address range. A number of such parameters are also required:

• DNS hosting should be located on different physical servers - reducing the risk of malfunctions;
• It is desirable that servers belong to different companies - reducing the risk of service termination;
• record DNS is better store in different countries or even continents - reducing risks associated with censorship, the performance of international Internet routes and reducing access time from different parts of the world.

The dangers of keeping DNS on one server

This option is possible, but does not take into account the problems that arise. It is likely that nothing will happen to either the equipment or the service while using the only place where the DNS record is stored - but no one can give a 100% guarantee of this. It is also not very advisable to parallelize DNS within one physical server or a narrow IP subrange, which is practiced by some hosting clients, “raising” their own DNS on virtual server– this removes software risks, but leaves hardware ones.

Where is DNS hosting possible?

Most host providers also provide DNS delegation. This is possible both on a paid and free basis, or in conjunction with other company services. Internet giant services such as Google and Yandex offer registration and hosting of domains on their servers, as well as the use of their DNS instead of regional or provider tools for browsing the Internet.
However, it should be remembered that public free DNS accepts many requests per unit of time and can be unstable even for large companies. Cloud hosting of DNS on a scale beyond a single server or data center increases the reliability of the primary declaration

It's time to talk in detail about our service, which we provide free of charge to our users of SSD VDS or dedicated servers from ITLDC. We will talk about a DNS hosting service or, in other words, about providing a cluster of secondary NS servers.

As is known, to host domain zones, at least two NS servers are required, which must have different IP addresses, preferably from different networks. Some users order an additional IPv4 address for this, install it as a secondary (alias) on their server and process DNS requests locally, from one server or VDS.

Undoubtedly similar method has the right to life - moreover, it is widely used. However, this option has one significant drawback- if the server is unavailable, all DNS-related services will not work, and users who make requests at the time of problems will “cache” the so-called negative response (that the host was not found) for 10-15 minutes.

That is why it is recommended that DNS servers be located in different network infrastructures and locations - in this case, all incoming requests will be processed correctly, regardless of the availability of the main server. A pleasant side effect of this is also more high speed response to DNS queries.

The system is designed in such a way that the “primary” DNS is located on the user’s server or VDS, where the original master copies of domain zones are stored, but it does not process user requests. The task of primary DNS is to enable our DNS cluster to receive instances of domain zones; this update occurs after each change in the master copies or once every few days. After this, all requests are processed only by our DNS servers - as quickly as possible.

We use four synchronized DNS servers located in different locations - in Holland, USA, Bulgaria and Ukraine. The names of these servers are neutral - nsX.layer6.net, where X is a number from 1 to 4. The servers are located in different segments of the Internet and have excellent characteristics network availability, as required for correct operation DNS.

Ordering the service is very simple - in the services section of the self-service system, select “DNS Hosting”, then “Secondary NS (ns*.layer6.net)”. Please note that the service is free for those users who have other active services - on last step order in this case the cost of the service will be €0.00. In a few minutes, DNS hosting will be activated and you will receive an activation message with detailed description way to configure your ISPManager panel. If the panel is not used, you will need to independently edit the configuration of the “main” DNS server (allowing transfer and notify), and also manually specify in the service management interface the domain names that should be processed by our DNS cluster.

Hello, dear readers of the blog site. Let's talk today about the location of your sites on web servers (). This is done, naturally, so that any visitor from anywhere in the world connected to the Internet can access your resource.

The principles of hosting websites on the Internet have remained unchanged for more than two decades, but nevertheless this does not simplify the task of those who plunge into the world domains, hosting, DNS servers and IP addresses first.

Today I will try to talk about this in as much detail as possible in one article, but without being distracted by specific examples checking and purchasing a domain name and renting hosting. I have already written about this and will simply refer to the available materials. Our task in this specific publication will be to identify the relationship between all these shamanic actions and understand why all this needs to be done at all.

Domains, IP addresses and DNS servers connecting them

So, first of all, we will need to place our documents in a certain address space (under the general name - ). This address space will be accessed using (was invented by Tim Berners-Lee, like many others). You can read more about URLs at the link provided, and I’ll use an example to remind you where the dog rummaged (do you know?). Let's look at this URL:

https://site/seo/search/rambler-ru-poiskovaya-sistema.html

This familiar type can be divided into several parts:

1. http:// - indication of the protocol through which data will be exchanged (for example, between a browser and a web host -), and also Special symbols which are usually used (://)
2. website—indication of the domain name that will be accessed
3. /seo/search/rambler-ru-poiskovaya-sistema.html - indicating the path in this address space (website) to some document

Moreover, we must understand that the domain name record itself (site), which is part of the URL we are studying, has absolutely no meaning for machines (web servers), because they operate exclusively with IP addresses.

Domain names serve two main purposes:

1. ease of remembering the address space (IP is more difficult to remember)
2. the ability to transfer your resource to different hostings, where it will be provided with different IP addresses, and at the same time not change the URLs for accessing site documents. It is precisely for the implementation of this task that they are used, which we will talk about below in the text.

Nowadays, the Internet mainly uses the IPv4 standard, and the digital address in this case consists of four bytes, i.e. it can assign approximately four billion unique hosts. IPv6 will soon be implemented everywhere, which will solve everything possible problems with a shortage of digital addresses. Well, to assign correspondence between IP (digits) and domain names, as we said a little earlier, it is used DNS system.

DNS (Domain Name System) is a special service hierarchy of servers that contain information about which IP address is hidden behind which domain.

Consequently, when you access a specific site through a browser (or any other program) by entering its URL (for example, https://site), your computer first of all turns to the nearest DNS server with a question about What digital address does this resource live at? And only after receiving the required IP from the DNS server (109.120.169.66 - you can paste it into the address bar of your browser and make sure) the request will be sent directly to the site itself.

Those. There is a certain delay when accessing any site from your computer, which is not good. But now they are already able to cache the received data and do not make repeated requests to DNS. Probably now the meaning of my fuss with hosts file, described just above.

Since we practically do not see the IP when accessing a resource, they will interest us to the extent that. And here domains are of much more interest to a webmaster, because they are the very visible part that identifies the address space.

What are domain names (domains) and what are they?

If you look closely, you will notice that the domain name record is separated by dots (by at least at least one, let there be). Using the example of my blog domain (oh, how long it took me to select it):

Website

The points are separated by the so-called domain name levels, which you need to start counting from right to left. In the example given, ktonanovenkogo is a second-level domain, ru is the first. If I had a forum, it is quite possible that it would live on a third-level domain name:

Forum.site

First level domains are divided into two groups:

1. Cctld (country code top-level domain) - first-level domains assigned to countries.

   Russia has this moment There are as many as three first-level domain zones:

   1. su is a rudiment left over from the Soviet Union and now represents the space of resources in Russian
   2. ru - originally assigned to Russia
   3. рф - Idn addresses (internationalized domain name), when it is possible to use symbols from national languages ​​(in our case, Russian) in the domain name. In fact, their names are still written in English characters (recoding occurs), but we just don’t see this. If you enter the address in your browser: http://ktonanovenkogo.rf/

      and after going to this site, copy its address from address bar, then you will get completely indigestible nonsense:

      Http://xn--80aedhwdrbcedeb8b2k.xn--p1ai/

   In any country there is a number of domain name registrar companies, which are in charge of the distribution of second-level domains in these same national zones (Cctld). If you want to find out which companies have the right to sell them in Russia, you will need to go to the coordination council page - cctld.ru.

   There are not many such companies, but they can have a whole network of resellers(partners) who will engage on their behalf. If you are not satisfied with the current reseller in some way or you have problems with it, then by contacting the registrar, you can choose another reseller or go directly under the wing of the registrar.

   Resellers' prices for domains (retail), as a rule, are several times lower than the prices of registrars (wholesalers), and at the same time I did not find any visible reasons be wary of buying cheaply from the former, rather than overpaying for the same service from the latter. If you are interested, you can read about the description of the process of purchasing a domain name from, which I myself use.

2. Gtld (generic top-level domain) - domain names that are in general use, regardless of the country in which the webmaster lives.

   You can buy domains in the zones .com, .net, .org, .info, .biz and .name without any restrictions. In the .edu, .gov and .mil zones, this opportunity is provided only for institutions, as well as state educational and military institutions. There are also a number of specialized first-level domains, for example, .travel, .jobs, .aero, .asia.

   Second-level domain names in these public zones (not only national ones), which, in fact, are used by some resources that may have conflicts with copyright holders. The same torrent was forced to move to the public zone org, because its resource was blocked in the national domain zone ru.

Buying and renewing domains - what, where, how much?

By making a purchase from any registrar, you receive the rights to use it for one year. After this period, you will have to pay it again. If this does not happen, then within a month the specified domain name will be available for registration and anyone can purchase it (be careful and always enable auto-renewal of domains in your registrar’s panel).

Check if the domain you are interested in is occupied It will be possible on the website of any registrar or reseller, but it is usually recommended to do this on the resources of official registrars in order to avoid interception. For example, on reg.ru (you can enter the expected domain name directly into the form below):

Check

Examples: google, google.com

You can check not only the RU domain zone for occupancy, but also all others - suddenly “vasy-pupkin” turns out to be unoccupied somewhere else. By the way, you need to know that for all zones except Idn can only be used combinations latin characters and some valid characters (,,,[_],[-]):

As you can see, employment is not displayed in the Russian Federation zone and this is due to the fact that the Latin alphabet cannot be used in the names of such domains. However, not all national Idn zones have this rule, which makes life easier.

If you are only interested in zones common use, then you will need to go to the “International” tab:

Each registrar in different countries the world will decide for itself how much it will cost it to support your rights in these domain zones(it is necessary, for example, to maintain a staff of translators, because the level still leaves much to be desired) plus the degree of his greed in determining his margin.

In addition to national (Russian in the case of nik.ru) and public zones with many registrars and resellers, both in Russia and in the world, you will find the opportunity to check and register in the national zones of some particularly cunning countries. In the case of nik.ru, you will get this opportunity on the “Foreign” tab:

These countries have started trading second-level domain names (cctld) in their national zones. For example, the first-level domain zone .tv was not initially intended for sites related in one way or another to television, but was allocated as a national one for a country such as Tuvalu (an island state with a population of ten thousand people). Well, now they are selling domains from their zone left and right, probably making a considerable profit for such a dwarf state.

Thus, when purchasing a domain name you can check in which domain zones it is free. Sometimes, if the registrar is busy, next to the domain name there may be a link “ pre order"(get in line). The required amount for payment will be blocked on your account with the registrar, and if it is released you will be notified about this.

When you buy the domain you are interested in, during the purchase process you will enter into an agreement with the registrar of your choice, and you will also have your own account for working with purchased domains. This is a necessary thing, because it is there that you can register new list so-called NS servers (essentially DNS), taken from the new hoster. By the way, at first, and only then move to a paid one. But I would still think about this (perhaps only for the first time).

By default, when viewing domain information in the so-called, you will find your personal data there, which was necessary to indicate during registration. Personally, I think that this is fraught with possible fraudulent activities, so I try to hide this information in whois in the same registrar’s office (for some this service is paid, for others it is free):

By the way, many hosting companies are also resellers of official Russian registrars and you can buy from them or even receive a domain name as a gift (for example, when you pay for the host for a year). But personally, I prefer not to keep all my eggs in one basket, although I don’t have any compelling arguments about this.

What is hosting and how to choose it

What is hosting? This is the provision of physical space (not address space, which we talked about just above) for your website files.

Well, the connection between the physical and address spaces will be carried out when DNS help servers. From the hosting company we buy this very space for files and databases, and its connection with the address. By the way, thanks DNS servers It is not at all necessary to order hosting in the country where you live. Usually, foreign analogue will be somewhat cheaper than the Russian one, but here a problem arises language barrier when communicating with technical support (at least for me).

Although Lately I really liked it.

Now, probably, all paid hosting services support the ability to use server-side scripts (CGI). In the description of their tariffs you can see the name of the directory for such scripts (something like CGI-BIN). That. the software environment will allow scripts written in any language to run on the server server language programming. The most common is PHP, as well as pearl, ruby, etc.

What specific languages ​​does it support? this hosting, you can find out from its description or by contacting technical support with this question. We are primarily interested in this from the point of view that if there is support PHP and MySql(databases), we can easily use so-called CMS (content management systems).

CMS makes it easy for completely unprepared users to create Internet projects. All texts you add to the site will be stored in databases, and the hosting itself will only host engine files and templates.

Templates for engines will allow you to completely change the design of a website in the blink of an eye without affecting its content, which, I repeat, lives in special tables that form a database (you are provided with a separate disk space for it, which can often be located on another physical server). You can read more about this in the article about.

Features of the CMS is that accessing a document, for example, at:

https://site/seo/smo/google-socialnaya-set-gugl-plyus.html

Of course, when you make adjustments to it, as well as fill it with content, it would be appropriate to regularly create its files and database.

However, on any paid hosting your data will be backed up automatically. The differences will only be in the ease of managing these backup copies, frequency of their creation, as well as time and place of storage (it is better if backup will be stored on another physical server or at least another physical disk).

Any hoster will allow you to create so-called subdomains, i.e. third level domain names. For example, if I had a forum, it is quite possible that it would live on a subdomain:

Forum.site

This will be a kind of subspace within the host space allocated to you. The subdomain will also have its own root folder, i.e. in fact, these will be additional sites in your address space.

For owners of static resources (not using a CMS), where each web page is a separate file on disk space hosting (not database), support may be relevant SSI(Server Side Includes). Web servers with SSI support When processing a browser request, they have the ability to execute a certain set of directives on their side before sending the requested document to the browser.

It turns out to be an analogue of some weak CMS, with the help of which, for example, you can do something similar to templates for static sites. In this case, if you want to add new item in the menu, you don’t need to do this in all hundreds and thousands of pages of your Internet project, but only in one file, which will be using include directives connect to all site pages on the web server while processing a browser request.

Those. you endure, for example, left menu V separate file Left.txt, and in all pages where this left menu appears, write the following code:

The path is specified relative to the document where this directive is inserted. I already wrote about it. In the same way, it will be possible to connect other blocks common to many web pages (header, sidebar, footer) for their more quick editing, if needed.

In conclusion, I would like to say that, in general, You don’t have to immediately rush out to buy a domain name and hosting. You can try playing with the site engine and filling it with content on your own computer. You just need to set up a web server on it. This is done quite simply and is described in detail in the article about or more.

Regardless, when using Denver you will not need to download files over the network, hence the speed of working on the project will greatly increase. Well, when you have already played enough and practiced, you will be able to create something you created on local server transfer the site to a completely real hosting, having previously purchased a second-level domain for it.

Good luck to you! See you soon on the pages of the blog site

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