Create a table and specify its parameters (margins and distance between cells) through styles.
Solution
A table consists of rows and columns of cells that can contain text and pictures. To add a table to a web page, use the tag
. This element serves as a container for elements that define the contents of the table. Any table consists of rows and cells, which are specified respectively using tags
And
. The table must contain at least one cell (example 1). Allowed instead of tag
use tag
. Text in a cell styled with a tag
, is displayed by the browser in bold font and aligned to the center of the cell. Otherwise, the differences between cells created through tags
And
No.
Example 1: Creating a table
HTML5 IE Cr Op Sa Fx
Table tag
Cell 1
Cell 2
Cell 3
Cell 4
The order of the cells and their appearance is shown in Fig. 1.
Rice. 1. Result of creating a table with four cells
border tag attribute
it is only allowed to add with an empty value (
) or equal to 1. All other values are not validated.
To control the margins inside cells, use the padding style property, which is added to the td selector. The distance between cells is changed by the border-spacing property (example 2) added to the table selector; the IE browser only understands it since version 8.0.
Example 2: Margins inside cells
HTML5 CSS 2.1 IE Cr Op Sa Fx
Table tag
Heading 1
Heading 2
Cell 3
Cell 4
A table with fields and distance between cells is shown in Fig. 2. A similar result can be achieved using a white frame around the cells.
Rice. 2. Fields in table cells
Creating tables
HTML tables are created in four steps.
At the first stage in the HTML code using a paired tag
form the table itself:
An HTML table is a block element of a Web page. This means that it is placed separately from all other block elements: paragraphs, headings, large quotes, audio and video. So we won’t be able to insert a table into a paragraph. (It must be said that a table in a paragraph would look strange, to say the least...)
At the second stage, table rows are formed. Paired tags are provided for this
; Each such tag creates a separate line. Tags
placed inside a tag
(Listing 5.1).
Listing 5.1
At the third stage, table cells are created using paired tags
And
. The tag creates a normal cell, and the tag creates header cell, in which the “header” of the corresponding table column will be placed. Tags
And
placed in tags
, which creates the table rows in which these cells should appear (Listing 5.2).
Listing 5.2
At the fourth and final stage, the contents of the cells are indicated, which is placed in the appropriate tags
And
(Listing 5.3).
Listing 5.3
Column 1
Column 2
Column 3
Cell 1.1
Cell 1.2
Cell 1.3
Cell 2.1
Cell 2.2
Cell 2.3
If we need to put simple text in a table cell, we can simply paste it into the appropriate tag
or
(as shown in Listing 5.3). However, it is not necessary to enclose it in tags that create block elements.
If we need to somehow format the contents of cells, we will apply what we have learned in chapter 3 tags. For example, we can give cell numbers special importance by using the tag ; as a result, they will be displayed in italics (Listing 5.4).
Listing 5.4
Cell 1.1
Cell 1.2
Cell 1.3
We can also place a graphic image in a cell:
But it is often necessary to place large text, sometimes consisting of several paragraphs, in a table cell. In this case, those we know from Chapter 2 tags that create block-level page elements. Tags
And
this is allowed (Listing 5.5).
Listing 5.5
This is a big text
This is the beginning of a large text representing the contents of a table cell.
This is a continuation of the large text that represents the contents of the table cell.
And this long-awaited ending large text.
This HTML code puts a heading and four paragraphs into a table cell. Moreover, one of these paragraphs contains a graphic image, and part of the other is marked as very important (and will be typed in bold).
The HTML code that creates the tables can be a bit cumbersome. But this is the price for the exceptional flexibility of HTML tables. We can put any content into a table: paragraphs, headings, images, audio and video, and even other tables.
Now it's time to look at the rules that Web browsers follow when displaying tables on the screen.
A table is a block element of a Web page (we already talked about this).
The dimensions of the table and its cells are made to fully accommodate their contents.
There is a small amount of space between the borders of individual cells and between the border of each cell and its contents.
The text of header cells is displayed in bold and centered.
Frames around the entire table and around its individual cells are not drawn.
The table is just the content of the Web page, and the view is responsible for its output. (For more information about the content and presentation of a Web page, see chapter 1.) If we need, for example, to draw a frame around a table, we can create a corresponding view. This is what we will do in Part II.
And a few more rules according to which the HTML code of tables is created. If they are violated, the Web browser will display the table incorrectly or not display it at all.
Tag
can only be inside a tag
(except for the table header and sections, which will be discussed later) will be ignored.
Tags
And
can only be inside a tag
. Any other tag content
will be ignored.
Table contents can only be contained in tags
And
.
Table cells must have at least some content, otherwise the Web browser may not display them at all. If any cell should be empty, a non-breaking space (HTML literal) should be placed in it.
That's it, the theory is over. It's time to practice. Let's put a table on the index.htm Web page listing all the versions HTML language indicating the year of release. Let's insert it after the quote from Wikipedia and the horizontal line separating it.
Listing 5.6 contains an HTML snippet from the Web page index.htm that creates such a table.
Listing 5.6
Perhaps neither subtract nor add...
List of HTML versions:
HTML version
Released
Peculiarities
1.0
1992
Has not been officially standardized
The HTML
tag is used for defining a table. The
tag contains other tags that define the structure of the table.
Table Elements
Tables consist of
element as well as other table-related elements. These other elements are nested inside the
tags to determine how the table is constructed.
The
element can contain the following elements (and in this order):
optionally a tag
followed by zero or more tags
followed optionally by a tag
followed optionally by a tag
followed by either zero or more tags or one or more tags
followed optionally by a tag (but there can only be one tag child in total)
optionally intermixed with one or more script-supporting elements (i.e. either tag or ) tag
Global Attributes
The following attributes are standard across all HTML 5 tags.
accesskey
class
contenteditable
contextmenu
draggable
dropzone
hidden
itemid
itemprop
itemref
itemscope
itemtype
spellcheck
style
tabindex
title
translate
Event Handler Content Attributes
Event handler content attributes enable you to invoke a script from within your HTML. The script is invoked when a certain "event" occurs. Each event handler content attribute deals with a different event.
Here are the standard HTML 5 event handler content attributes.
onabort
cancel
onblur
oncanplay
oncanplaythrough
onchange
onclick
oncontextmenu
ondblclick
ondrag
ondragend
ondragenter
ondragexit
ondragleave
ondragover
ondragstart
ondrop
ondurationchange
onemptied
ended
onerror
onfocus
onformchange
onforminput
oninput
oninvalid
onkeydown
onkeypress
onkeyup
onload
onloadeddata
onloadedmetadata
onloadstart
onmousedown
onmousemove
onmouseout
onmouseover
onmouseup
onmousewheel
onpause
onplay
onplaying
onprogress
onratechange
onreadystatechange
onscroll
onseeked
onseeking
onselect
onshow
installed
onsubmit
onsuspend
ontimeupdate
onvolumechange
onwaiting
For a full explanation of these attributes, see.
Working with tables in HTML5 has become more powerful due to the new HTML5 table tags and other elements available in HTML5. This tutorial will show you how to create and format your own tables using HTML5 table tags and elements. If you need to get your HTML5 skills up to speed in a hurry, check out the acclaimed HTML5 Beginners Crash Course and join thousands of students who are learning to harness the power of the new HTML5 tags. This course contains 46 lectures designed to turn beginners into competent web developers. The lessons start with HTML for newcomers, and the lessons will teach you all the tags and HTML elements you need to know to create your own HTML5 webpages. The course also covers how to use the HTML canvas and drawing elements. There are also lectures on geolocation, local storage and forms and will also include lessons on how to add audio and video to your webpages. Let's move on to table creation.
HTML5 Tables
Tables are not new to HTML but there are a few new tags available in HTML5. To define a table in HTML you need to use the
tag. Tables are divided into rows using the
tag. To define the cells in the table you need to use the
tag.
Tables can contain column elements, row elements, headers, footers and other elements. This tutorial will show you how to use the various table tags to define these elements and how to format the elements using style sheet options.
HTML5 Table Creation
Here is the code necessary to create your table:
Jack
Sales
555-5555
John
Admin
555-5555
James
Sales
555-5555
The table will be displayed as follows:
Note that HTML defaults to no borders unless you specify a border for the table. To specify borders for your table, you need to add the border element to your table tag:
The table will then look like this:
HTML5 Tables – Adding Headers and Footers
You can use the following tabs to create and format the headers and footers for your table:
– used to denote a table header cell – th stands for table header
– This element tag can be used to group content as the header of a table for formatting purposes
The tag can be used to group table content to format it as the body of the table
– set to group footer information for your table for formatting purposes.
Cells formatted using the
tag will be centered and the text will be bold. Table elements defined using the body tag
will be left aligned and the text will be normal.
All HTML5 attributes can be used to format the table using the ,
and tags. In this tutorial, we will use the color attribute to format the various elements of the table in different colors. We will set the header as green, the body as blue and the footer as red for this tutorial.
Take a look at the following code:
Name
Surname
Telephone
Jack
Sales
555-5555
John
Admin
555-5555
James
Sales
555-5555
Total
Total
Total
The table will look like this on your page:
Note that the Name, Surname and Telephone cells are all center aligned and bold because of the use of the
tag.
If you would like to learn more about HTML5 tags, try enrolling in the HTML5 Fundamentals course. This course offers 43 lessons that include all of the HTML fundamentals you need to know to create your own webpages. You will learn to work with text elements and how to format any text elements. The course will teach you how to create lists and links using HTML5. You will learn to work with tables and images and you will learn website basics to ensure your websites work on various browsers.
HTML5 Tables – Formatting Columns
The column group tag allows you to specify formatting to columns within your table. If you want to add specific formatting to columns in your table then you can specify the elements and formats using the
tag.
The
tag must appear within the table it is being used to format. The span element within the
tag can be used to span multiple columns. If no span element is defined, the formatting will be applied to a single column. All HTML formatting attributes can be used for formatting purposes. For our table we will use the background color attribute to format background color of the various columns.
Take a look at the code below:
Name
Surname
Telephone
Jack
Sales
555-5555
John
Admin
555-5555
James
Sales
555-5555
Total
Total
Total
This is what the table will look like:
HTML5 Tables are Easy
Tables are often a great way to present your data. The HTML5 tags make table creation and formatting really simple.
If you are eager to learn how to take advantage of the new HTML5 tags, then sign up to Learn HTML 5 today. This course offers 44 lectures that will teach you all about the HTML building blocks needed to create a page in HTML5. You will learn about the commonly used HTML tags and how to use them in your development. The course will teach you how to create forms and use the form tags. You will learn how to style HTML. Once you are familiar with HTML basics, the course will teach you about advanced HTML concepts like scripting and handling events. The course will help you create responsive, interactive websites using HTML5.
The CSS specification gives unlimited possibilities for designing tables. By default, the table and table cells have no visible borders or background, and cells within the table are not adjacent to each other.
The width of table cells is determined by the width of their content, so the width of table columns can vary. The height of all cells in a row is the same and is determined by the height of the highest cell.
Formatting tables
1. Table borders
By default, the table and the cells inside it are displayed in the browser without visible borders. Table Borders are specified by the border property:
Table ( border-collapse: collapse; /*remove empty spaces between cells*/ border: 1px solid gray; /*set an outer border for the table gray 1px thick*/ )
Header cell borders each column are specified for the th element:
Th (border: 1px solid grey;)
Cell Borders table bodies are specified for the td element:
Td (border: 1px solid gray;)
The thickness of the borders of adjacent cells is not doubled, so you can set borders for the entire table in the following way:
Th, td (border: 1px solid grey;)
You can highlight the outer border of a table by giving it an increased width:
Table (border: 3px solid grey;)
Boundaries can be set partially:
/* set a gray outer border of 3px thickness for the table */ table (border-top: 3px solid gray; ) /* set a gray border of 1px thickness for the table body cell */ td (border-bottom: 1px solid gray;)
Default table width and height determined by the contents of its cells. If the width is not specified, then it will be equal to the width of the widest row (row).
Table and column width is set using the width property. If table (width: 100%;) is specified for a table, then the width of the table will be equal to the width of the container block in which it is located.
The width of the table and columns is usually specified in px or %, for example:
Table height not specified. Row height tables can be manipulated by adding top and bottom padding to elements
And
. Fixing the height using the height property is not recommended.
Th, td (padding: 10px 15px;)
3. How to set the table background
Default table background and cells are transparent. If the page or block containing the table has a background, it will show through the table. If the background is specified for both the table and cells, then in places where the background of the table and cells overlap, only the background of the cells will be visible. The background for the table as a whole and its cells can be: filling, , .
4. Table columns
The CSS table model is focused mainly on rows (rows) formed using the tag
. In practice, there are cases when special formatting of columns is necessary, which is possible in the following ways:
using tag
You can set the background for any number of columns;
using the selector table td:first-child , table td:last-child you can set styles for the first or last column of the table (except for the first cell of the table header);
Using the table selector td:nth-child (column selection rule), you can set styles for any table columns.
You can read more about CSS selectors.
5. How to add a table title
You can add a title to a table using a tag
, and using the caption-side property it can be placed in front of or below the table. For horizontal alignment The title text uses the text-align property. Inherited.
Table No. 1
Company
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
...
caption (caption-side: bottom; text-align: right; padding: 10px 0; font-size: 14px; ) Rice. 2. Example of displaying a header under a table
6. How to remove space between cell frames
By default, table cell frames are separated by a small space. If you set border-collapse: collapse for the table, the gap will be removed. The property is inherited.
Syntax
Table (border-collapse: collapse;) Rice. 3. Example of tables with merging and separate cell frames
7. How to increase the space between cell frames
Using the border-spacing property, you can change the distance between cell frames. This property applies to the table as a whole. Inherited.
Syntax
Table (border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 10px 20px;) table (border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 10px;) Rice. 4. Example of tables with increased spaces between cell frames
8. How to hide empty table cells
The empty-cells property hides or shows empty cells. Only affects cells that do not contain any content. If a cell is set to a background and a table is set to table (border-collapse: collapse;) , then the cell will not be hidden. Inherited.
Company
Q1
Q2
Q3
Microsoft
20.3
30.5
Google
50.2
40.63
45.23
table ( border: 1px solid #69c; border-collapse: separate; empty-cells: hide; ) th, td (border: 2px solid #69c;) Rice. 5. Example of hiding an empty table cell
9. Layout a table using the table-layout property
The table layout layout is determined by one of two approaches: fixed layout or automatic layout. In this case, layout refers to how the width of the table is distributed among the widths of the cells. The property is not inherited.
Syntax
Table (table-layout: fixed;)
10. Best Table Layouts
1. Horizontal minimalism
Horizontal tables are tables in which the text is read horizontally. Each entity is a separate row. You can give tables like this a minimalist look by placing a two-pixel border under the th header.
When there are a large number of rows, this table design makes them difficult to read. To solve this problem, you can add a one-pixel border below all td elements.
Td ( border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc; color: #669; padding: 9px 8px; transition: .3s linear; )/*the rest of the code is as in the example above*/
Adding a :hover effect to the tr element will make tables designed in a minimalist style easier to read. When you hover your mouse over a cell, the remaining cells in the same row are highlighted simultaneously, making it easier to track information if tables have multiple columns.
Although such tables are rarely used, vertically oriented tables are useful for categorizing or comparing descriptions of objects represented by a column. You can design them in a minimalist style by adding space to separate the columns.
The most reliable style for designing tables of all types is the so-called “boxed” style. It is enough to choose a good color scheme, and then set the background color for all cells. Don't forget to emphasize the difference between lines by setting borders as a separator.
The most difficult thing is to find the color scheme that will harmoniously combine with your website. If the site is heavy on graphics and design, then it will be quite difficult for you to use this style.
To achieve the so-called newspaper effect, you can apply borders to table elements and play with the cells inside. A light, minimalistic newspaper style might look like this: play with the color scheme, add borders, padding, different backgrounds, and effect:hover when hovering over a line.
If you are looking for a quick and unique way to design a table, choose an attractive image or photo that relates to the theme of the table and set it as the table background.
Rice. 2. Example of displaying a header under a table 
Rice. 3. Example of tables with merging and separate cell frames
Rice. 4. Example of tables with increased spaces between cell frames
Rice. 5. Example of hiding an empty table cell 
