Laboratory work tasks for Windows 7 OS. Creating and editing electronic
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Task 6
- Create a shortcut to launch Notepad on your desktop
Left-click on the Start button. In the menu that opens, select the menu item “All Programs” “Accessories” “Notepad”.
Click on the "Notepad" line right click mice. In the opened context menu select Send to Desktop (create shortcut) and click left button mice.
A shortcut to Notepad will be created on your desktop.
Task 7
- Format the USB flash drive
To format a flash drive, you need to expand the “Computer” section and select “USB-Flash Drive” from the list of devices.
Then, right-click on the flash drive icon and select “Format” from the context menu that appears.
The Format dialog box opens, allowing you to select a file system to store your data and assign a cluster size.
To format, you need to click the “Start” button and your flash drive will be formatted. By default, FAT32 is selected as the file system.
Theory:
Large files on a flash drive?
Almost every owner of a “thick” flash drive has encountered a problem when they need to send a movie to a friend on a flash drive... Or, in general, write a file larger than 4GB. A strange problem occurred: the flash drive is mega-capacious, almost empty... and Windowos displays “Not enough recording space.” Everything is in file systems that we just need to change.
The thing is that a standard FS flash drive, FAT32, cannot fit such large files. Although the file system is outdated, they still put it on a flash drive, because... it provides greater data safety when extracted incorrectly (i.e. if you simply snatch it from system unit flash drive with file NTFS system- information on it may be lost).
There is an alternative - ExFAT. It was mainly developed for flash drives. Allows you to write data a little faster, including more than 16GB, and does not damage it when extracted. But it is not supported on all computers - Windows XP requires installing an update to work with this file system.
The golden mean is NTFS.
- Be sure to save important information from a flash drive to a computer.
- Start the formatting process, select from the list " File system" -> "NTFS", click OK
- The program will format the flash drive into a new FS (all files are deleted!)
Is there a way without deleting files?YES. But it is not recommended...
- Launch the command line: press Win+R, type “cmd”, press Enter
Where G is the letter of the flash drive you want to convert
The flash drive will be formatted in "NTFS" format, and the command prompt window will show additional information about your flash drive.
Thus, you can quickly format a flash drive using both the standard Windows formatting function and the command line.
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Windows7 practical exercises
Task 8
- Create text file in Notepad
Left-click on the Start button. In the menu that opens, select the line “All Programs” “Accessories” “Notepad” and press the left mouse button Enter
A Notepad window will open.
Type the phrase on the sheet:This is my first document.
Save the created document in the “Drafts” folder
Hover your mouse over the File menu and left-click.
In the menu that opens, select the “Save” command and click the left mouse button. The Save As window will open.
Select the "Drafts" folder so that its name appears in the "Folder:" field. In the "File name:" field, enter a file name, for example: "Document 1".
Hover your mouse over the "Save" button and left-click (or simply press the "Enter" key on your keyboard). The document has been saved.
Save the file “Document 1” to a flash drive
Insert into the USB connector – USB-Flash Drive (USB-Flash drive).
Open the “Drafts” folder (“My Documents” “Documents” “Ivanov Ivan” “Drafts”).
Hover your mouse over the Document 1 file icon and right-click.
In the context menu that opens, select the “Send” command “ Removable drive G:". Click the left mouse button. The process of saving the file will begin.
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Windows7 practical exercises
Task 9
Change your desktop picture
To change the desktop picture, click the right mouse button (the cursor should be on a clean desktop, and not on any tabs or shortcuts), call up the context menu.
In the menu that opens, select Personalization.
In the “Personalization” window that opens, click the “Desktop Background” tab and left-click on it.
In the window " Background image» Select the desired desktop picture, left-click on it. A sample drawing will appear on the window screen.
You can install a picture from your collection by left-clicking on the “Browse” button. In the "Browse" window that opens, you need to select a folder and required file drawing.
If you check several images, then the Change image every field will become active and from the drop-down list you can select the time interval after which the images will replace each other.
But perhaps you want to make your drawing or photograph your desktop background. Then click the Browse A button and find the folder with your photos. Just keep in mind that if the photo or drawing does not fit the screen size, then you need to click the Fill B button and from the drop-down list select what you want to do with the drawing: stretch it, place it in the center, etc.
It is better to make a photo in advance that matches the size of your monitor screen, otherwise it will be cropped or distorted.
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Goal of the work: Gain experience in installing a modern Windows operating system. Get to know in practice the main groups of programs included in the system software.
Lesson plan:
1. Get familiar with the VirtualBox software.
2. Create a virtual machine based on the information provided about the minimum hardware requirements of the operating system (OS) proposed for installation and study.
3. Install OS on virtual computer. Break down the OS installation process into stages.
4. Get acquainted with the main groups of programs included in the OS.
Equipment:
Hardware: Personal Computer, Software part: program VirtualBox installation disk or disk image with OS
Windows Seven, word processor Microsoft Word.
An operating system is a set of programs that provides control of computer hardware, organizes work with files and execution of application programs, and performs data input and output.
In general terms, an operating system is the first and main set of programs loaded into a computer. In addition to the above functions, the OS can perform others, for example, providing a common user interface, etc.
Today the most famous operating systems are the OS family
Microsoft Windows and UNIX-like systems.
Main functions of operating systems:
− Standardized access to peripheral devices (input/output devices).
− Management RAM(distribution between processes, virtual memory).
− Controlling access to data on non-volatile media (such as HDD, CD, etc.) organized in one or another file system.
− User interface.
− Network Operations, protocol stack support.
Additional functions:
− Parallel or pseudo-parallel execution of tasks (multitasking).
− Interaction between processes: data exchange, mutual synchronization.
− Protecting the system itself, as well as user data and programs, from actions of users (malicious or unknowing) or applications.
− Differentiation of access rights and multi-user mode of operation
Microsoft Windows is a family of operating systems from Microsoft. Works for Intel platforms, AMD, as well as on VIA and other processors, for
with some exceptions. Fans of OS/2, AmigaOS, Mac OS, Solaris, Linux and UNIX
everyone criticizes Windows versions since the system appeared on the market. However, the last 10 years Windows- the most popular operating system for desktop computers on x86 family processors. Much of this success is due to market policies, which are also criticized. There are two specific branches in the OS family
Windows is a real-time OS designed to control industrial equipment, created as a stripped-down version of Windows NT or XP.
Windows Mobile(Formerly WinCE) - used to control handheld computers, communicators and cell phones.
Windows 7 - operating system Windows family NT, next to Windows
In the Windows NT line, the system bears version number 6.1
Windows 2000 - 5.0,
Windows XP - 5.1,
Windows Server 2003 - 5.2,
Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 - 6.0.
three years after the release of the previous operating system, Windows Vista. Partners and clients with a Volume Licensing license were granted access to RTM on July 24, 2009.
Windows 7 included some developments excluded from Windows Vista, as well as innovations in the interface and built-in programs. From Windows composition 7 games Inkball, Ultimate Extras were excluded; applications that have analogues in Windows Live Microsoft Agent technology, Windows Meeting Space; The option to return to the Start menu has disappeared. classic menu and automatic docking of browser and email client. Windows Calendar has also disappeared from Windows.
Windows 7 OS has the following minimum computer hardware requirements:
Processor: 1.4 GHz, 32-bit;
RAM: 512 Mb (32-bit)
Free disk space: 16 GB (32-bit)
Video adapter: DirectX 9 graphics support, 64 MB memory;
DVD reader.
Progress:
1. Launch the VirtualBox program (Fig. 1).
Rice. 1. Main window Virtual programs Box.
2. To create a new virtual machine, click the “Create” button - . The New Virtual Machine Wizard will launch.
3. In the subsequent dialog box, indicate the name of the future machine as well as the type of operating system (Fig. 2). We must indicate:
operating room Microsoft system Windows;
Windows 7 version.
The name should indicate the group and number(s) of students according to the teacher's journal. Example: bi301_2_3_5, “bi301” – group, “2_3_5” – student numbers, “_” - universal separator.
Rice. 2. Window for entering the machine name and selecting the OS type.
4. In the next dialog box, you must specify the amount of RAM (RAM) of the future machine (Fig. 3). According to the minimum system requirements The OP size should not be less than 512 Mb, and the VirtualBox program tells us this by setting 512 Mb as the recommended OP size. Maximum size
The OP of the virtual machine completely depends on the hardware OP of the physical machine (the volume can be clarified with the administrator of the computer laboratory or teacher). If the physical volume is 1024 Mb, we will indicate the size for the virtual machine as 600 Mb.
Rice. 3. Memory dialog box.
5. In the next dialog box, you need the hard disk capacity of the future machine. Based minimum requirements 16 Gb., which is equal to 16384 Mb. But since the size of the hard drive allows us to use a larger size (consult with the computer laboratory administrator or teacher), we will use the recommended parameter VirtualBox programs value 20480 Mb. (Fig. 4).
Rice. 4. Dialog box " Virtual hard disk".
The parameters must be specified in accordance with the data in Fig. 4.
6. In the subsequent dialog for creating a hard disk, you should specify the type of image file. The type must correspond to the data in Fig. 5.
Rice. 5. Hard disk file type.
7. In the "Location and Size" window virtual disk"(Fig. 6) The location must correspond to the name of the machine (Fig. 2), and the ability to change the size is also provided virtual hard disk, but as was decided in paragraph 5. the size remains unchanged.
Rice. 6. “Virtual Disk Location and Size” dialog box.
8. After confirmation twice creating a hard disk and virtual machine, it appears in the main window of the VirtualBox program in the list virtual machines. But still, this does not mean that it is completely ready for OS installation (Fig. 7).
Rice. 7. Main window of the VirtualBox program.
9. Namely, our virtual machine should:
1) Enable 3D acceleration;
2) Increase the size of video memory;
3) Disable the Network Adapter (as unnecessary);
4) Disable the Audio Controller (as unnecessary);
5) Connect physical or virtual image DVD (check with your teacher or computer lab administrator).
1) To change these parameters, click the “Properties” button (Fig. 8). According to point 1 of the list of changes being made, check the box next to “Enable 3D acceleration” and according to point 2 change the amount of video memory to 64 Mb.
Rice. 9. Network settings.
Rice. 8. Contents of the Properties window.
Accordingly, next to the “Enable network adapter” item, uncheck the box.
3) Point 4 of the list of changes being made, namely disabling the audio controller, must be done similarly to point 3, disabling the network adapter.
Rice. 10. “CD/DVD-ROM” parameters.
We activate the menu with a choice between the items “Physical CD/DVD drive” and “ISO image file” by checking the box next to the “Connect CD/DVD” item. Having previously checked with the teacher or computer room administrator about the source of installation.
If a physical disk is issued, then it should be installed in the drive, and the “Physical CD/DVD drive” item should be activated accordingly (Fig. 10). Make sure that the letter identifier matches the one in which the disk is installed.
If you will use an ISO disk image for installation, then, first of all, check where exactly it is located, since installing from network resources strictly prohibited! The disk image must be located directly on the hard drive of the computer you are working on.
After you have specified the location of the image, click the “Open” button next to the line with the item “ISO image file” and the virtual media manager dialog box will appear (Fig. 11).
Rice. 11. Virtual Media Manager
If at the time of work there is not a single image, then you should add it by clicking the “Add” button in the top panel of the manager. In the next dialog box you only need to navigate to the image.
After adding the image to the virtual media manager list, you must select it and click the “Select” button.
10. Confirm all changes made by clicking the “Ok” button in the “Properties” window
11. Now you can proceed to installing Windows 7 OS on a virtual machine. To do this, select the machine on the left in the list of virtual machines of the main window of the VirtualBox program (Fig. 1) and click the “Start” button top menu above the list.
12. OS installation begins with downloading files. After which you need to wait some time.
Rice. 12. Window for selecting the operating language of the OS.
14. In the next window, you must once again confirm the operating language of the OS, the format of time, currency units and the keyboard layout or input method (Fig. 13).
Rice. 13. Window for selecting the time format and OS keyboard layout.
16. Within a few seconds, a window for selecting operating systems will appear. This is done so that the administrator has the opportunity to install Windows 7 operating systems of various configurations and varying performance and, as a rule, the commercial cost of the issued installation license. These can be versions of Windows 7 such as:
Choose operating system x86 architecture (Fig. 14).
Rice. 14. Window for selecting operating systems.
17. In the next window you must accept the terms license agreement, read, check the box and click “Next”.
18. The next window is the window for selecting the installation type (Fig. 15).
Rice. 15. Installation type selection window.
19. Select the "Full installation" item.
20. In the next window you need to select a section for Windows installations(Fig. 16).
Rice. 16. Window for selecting a partition for installing Windows.
21. Let's choose required section and click "Disk Settings". A menu appears (Fig. 17).
Rice. 17. “Disk Setup” menu.
22. Click New and then Apply.
23. Next, the message “To ensure correct operation all of my Windows features can create additional sections For system files" Of course, it is advisable to agree, click “Ok”. This message is a harbinger of what we will see later (Fig. 18).
Rice. 18. Partitions for installation
As you can see, 100 Mb was reserved by the system; we will no longer see it in the system.
Rice. 19. Windows installation window.
25. The rest of the installation process is automated, and user participation will only be necessary at the stage of writing the OS username (Fig. 20).
Rice. 20. Entering a username.
Entering a password in our case is completely optional, but recommended. If a password is entered, the student is responsible for its safety, and if the password is lost, the teacher or computer laboratory administrator will not be able to assist in recovering it.
26. Input field serial number leave blank for 30-day trial.
27. All subsequent dialog boxes can be filled in by the user independently; in the event of an error, there will be no noticeable negative impact on the operation of the OS.
28. After the next reboot, the system will be installed and ready for use.
29. Install Guest Additions by clicking on the VirtualBox main menu, Devices > Install Guest Additions.
30. Consider the programs included in the operating system.
31. Prepare a report for the teacher on the completion of laboratory work, submit it in accordance with the schedule.
1. What is an operating system?
2. List the main functions of operating systems.
3. List the main versions of operating systems in the Windows family.
5. Tell us about the differences between Windows 7 and other Windows operating systems.
Literature 1,3,4
Laboratory work No. 2. Memory and I/O management in Windows OS
Goal of the work: Practical knowledge of I/O management in Windows operating systems and I/O caching.
Lesson plan:
1. Familiarize yourself with brief theoretical information.
2. Familiarize yourself with the purpose and main functions of the Dispatcher Windows tasks.
3. Acquire skills in using the Windows command line. Learn to start, stop and check the operation of processes.
4. Draw conclusions about the relationship between running processes and the computer’s RAM.
5. Prepare a report for the teacher on the completion of laboratory work and submit it in accordance with the schedule.
Equipment:
Hardware: Personal Computer, network or local printer.
Software part: OS Windows 7 word processor Microsoft Word.
Brief theoretical information:
The need to provide programs with the ability to exchange data with external devices without including in each binary program the corresponding binary code that actually controls the input/output devices led developers to create system software and, in particular, operating systems themselves.
Programming I/O control tasks is the most complex and time-consuming, requiring very high qualifications. Therefore, the code that allows I/O operations began to be written in the form of system library procedures; then they began to include it not in programming systems, but in the operating system so that it would not be inserted into each individual program, but only allow access to such code. Programming systems began to generate calls to this system I/O code and carry out only preparation for the I/O operations themselves, that is, to automate the conversion of data to the appropriate format understandable by devices, relieving application programmers from this complex and time-consuming work. In other words, programming systems insert into machine code the necessary library I/O routines and calls to those system software modules, which, in fact, manage exchange operations between RAM and external devices.
Thus, I/O management is one of the main functions of any OS. One of the I/O management tools, as well as a memory management tool, is the Windows Task Manager; it displays applications, processes and services that are in this moment running on the computer. You can use it to monitor your computer's performance or stop applications that are not responding.
If you are connected to a network, you can also view the network status and performance parameters. If multiple users are connected to your computer, you can see their names, what tasks they are performing, and send them a message.
You can also manage processes “manually” using the command line. Windows Commands to work with processes:
At - launch programs in specified time
Schtasks - configures scheduled execution of commands
Start - launches a specific program or command in a separate window.
Taskkill - kills a process
Tasklist - displays information about running processes
To get more detailed information, you can use Help and Support Center or the help command (for example: help at)
Command.com - launch MS-DOS command shell
Cmd.exe - launch command Windows shell
Progress:
Exercise 1. Working with the Windows 7 Task Manager.
1. Launch the previously installed Windows 7 OS.
2. You can launch the task manager in two ways:
1) By pressing the key combination Ctrl+Alt+Del. When using this command, do not neglect the key sequence. A menu will appear in which you should select the “Task Manager” item with the cursor.
2) Move the cursor to the area with readings system date and time and press right click, a menu will be displayed in which you should select “Task Manager”.
3. A window will be displayed as in Fig. 21.
Rice. 21. Windows 7 Task Manager.
4. There are 6 tabs in the task manager:
1) Applications
2) Processes
4) Performance
6) Users
o The “Applications” tab displays a list of running tasks (programs) running in currently not in background, and also displays their status. Also in this window you can cancel the task, switch between tasks and run new task using the corresponding buttons.
o The “Processes” tab displays a list of running processes, the name of the user who started the process, loading central processor as a percentage
ratio, as well as the amount of memory used to execute the process. It is also possible to display the processes of all users, or forced termination process. Process - execution of passive instructions computer program on a computer processor.
o The Services tab shows which services are running on the computer. Services
Applications that are automatically launched by the system when Windows starts and run regardless of the user's status.
o The “Performance” tab displays graphic mode processor load, as well as the chronology of the use of the computer’s physical memory. Very effective tool monitoring is "Resource Monitor". With him
With this help you can clearly observe each aspect of the “life” of your computer. Do a detailed study of the instrument yourself, intuitively.
o The “Network” tab displays connected network adapters, as well as network activity.
o The “Users” tab displays a list of connected users.
5. After exploring the task manager:
o Practice ending and restarting processes.
o Understand boot monitoring and memory usage.
o Try to start new processes using the manager, for this you can use the commands: cmd, msconfig.
Task 2.Command line Windows.
1. To launch the command line in Windows mode, click:
(Start) > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt
2. Work on execution main commands working with processes: starting, monitoring and ending processes.
LABORATORY WORK No. 3
OPERATING SYSTEMWINDOWS
GOAL OF THE WORK.
Familiarize yourself with the basic concepts Windows systems. Acquire skills in working with folders and files.
1. Study theoretical material.
2. Get acquainted with the Desktop.
3. Open a folder window My computer. Increase, decrease its size. Move the window around the screen.
4. Left-click on the menu item Reference enter help system Windows. Familiarize yourself with the contents of the help system. Select (click) option Getting to know the computer. Then select the option Veils and folders. Familiarize yourself with the contents of the paragraphs Working with files And Search files. Close the help system. Close a window My computer.
5. Enter the main menu (button Start). Select option Programs. Then select the option Standard. Login to text Word editor Pad. Familiarize yourself with the structure of the window.
6. Draw a window in a notebook indicating functionality parts of the window. Familiarize yourself with the contents of menu items.
7. Type the phrase on the keyboard: “We are getting acquainted with windows windows". Save the file with the name Laboratory work in the personal folder of the STUDENT folder created in the previous work. Close the file and exit the editor.
8. In your personal folder, create a folder named Personal 2. Copy file Laboratory work under a different name to a folder Personal 2.
9. Include in the report a description of the process of creating a file and folder, as well as the procedure for copying and moving folders and files, and types of menus.
CHECK QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:
1. What is placed on the Desktop?
At the bottom of it is a strip called the Taskbar.
Various icons and shortcuts are placed on the desktop field, through which communication with files is carried out.
2. What is the structure of the window?
Structure of all windows is the same.
When viewed from top to bottom, a window contains: title bar, menu bar, toolbar, window box, status bar, taskbar. In addition, the window field can contain horizontal and vertical stripes scroll.
3. What is included in the title line?
In the title bar in the left corner there is a menu button. This is followed by the name of the window and the application in which the window is open. Three squares are placed in the right corner. Clicking on the left square will minimize the window to the size of a dash and place it on the taskbar with the appropriate caption. Clicking on the middle square resizes the window. Clicking on the right square will close the window.
4. Why do you need a menu? What types of menus do you know?
Menu- this is a list of commands that can be executed by selecting the appropriate items (options).
Main menu restored to the top when the button is clicked Start. The menu item is selected by pointing with the mouse and then double-clicking. If a menu item ends with an arrow (triangle), then there is no need to click, you just need to point, and a submenu appears, which in turn can have its own submenus. These menus are called cascading menus.
The menus located on the menu bar are falling out and can be cascaded. The number and list of menus, as well as the composition of menu items, depend on the application in which the user is working. Items File And Reference present in any window. Menu items File refer to file actions such as opening and saving a file. Menu items Reference call up help information related to the running application.
Context menu- This is the menu that appears when you right-click the mouse. Its points refer to the object that the mouse cursor is pointing at.
5. Purpose of the toolbar.
Toolbar is optional for any window. It consists of buttons, clicking on which replaces access to the corresponding menu items. If you move the mouse cursor to a button and wait 2-3 seconds, an inscription will appear explaining the purpose of the button. The button with the image of a curved left arrow cancels the effect of the last command up to a depth of 20 commands. The curved right arrow button restores a canceled command.
6. What is the taskbar used for?
On the taskbar minimized windows (tasks), a language indicator, and sometimes a clock are placed. The need to minimize windows may arise when many windows are open at the same time, some of which are this moment not used. A window placed on the taskbar can be maximized again by clicking on the window name.
7. Creating new folders and moving them. Saving, copying and transferring files. Search files.
To create a new folder, you need to open the window in which the folder is created. On free space Right-clicking the mouse opens the context menu. Selected Create, then Folder. An image of the folder appears in the window asking for a name. The folder name is typed on the keyboard.
If the file is being saved for the first time or when the file name has changed, the menu item is selected Save as. A dialog box appears. In its upper left part there is a window called Folder, in which the name is indicated open folder. If you need to save to another folder, use the scroll bar to find and open desired folder, At the bottom of the window there is a window in which a new file name is entered. Saving is completed by pressing the key Save. If an existing file is saved, select it from the menu File option Save, or click the corresponding Toolbar button.
Sometimes you need to nest one folder inside another or move a file to another folder. If the folders are in different windows, they should be opened and placed nearby. Then, with the left mouse button, take the object being moved (folder or file) and place it on the image of the destination folder. If you hold down the CTRL key while transferring a file, the file will be copied.
During the lab, I became familiar with the basic concepts of the Windows system. Acquired skills in working with folders and files.
(see folder STUDENT - laboratory 3)
LABORATORY WORK No. 4
GETTING TO KNOW THE APPLICATIONSWINDOWS:PAINT,WORDPAD, CALCULATOR
GOAL OF THE WORK.
Gain skills in working with Windows applications.
1. Familiarize yourself with the theoretical material
2. Open the Paint application. Create a drawing suggested by your teacher. Save the drawing in a personal folder.
3. Open Word application Pad. Copy the drawing you created to open page. Resize it.
4. On the same page, describe the process of creating, saving and copying a drawing. Place this text in the report. Save the file in a personal folder.
5. Open the Calculator application. Check out the help for this application. Perform the calculations suggested by the teacher. In the report, indicate the task and the result of the calculations.
CONTROL QUESTIONS.
1. How to draw straight and curved lines? Polygon? Rectangle? Square? How to change the color of the picture and background? Writing text together with a drawing.
Lines are drawn using the selected tool from the available set of tools.
In the toolbox, select the type of line (straight, curve, ellipse, rectangle). Under the toolbox, select the line type (thickness). By placing the pointer in the desired place on the canvas and pressing the left mouse button, you can draw the objects we need.
The image color is selected from the palette by clicking on the desired color.
To draw a horizontal, vertical, or 45-degree straight line, hold down the SHIFT key while dragging the pointer.
To create a square or circle by selecting an ellipse or rectangle, drag the pointer while holding down the Shift key.
You can draw a free-form line by selecting only the tool, without choosing a line type.
To draw curved lines, you need to select a wavy line as a type, draw a straight line, and then, placing the pointer at the vertex of the intended arc, bend the straight line to the desired shape. It should be kept in mind that each curve must consist of one or two arcs.
To create a filled shape, select a fill type under the toolbox. The shape color is selected using the left mouse button, and the fill color is selected using the right button. The type of filling depends on the selected type. If you want to fill an already created shape, you need to select a fill color in the palette and click on the button in the toolbox Filling, and then inside the filled shape. The color of the line also changes.
When drawing polygons, double-click on the last vertex. To make the polygon contain only 45- and 90-degree angles, hold down the Shift key while dragging the pointer.
Entering and formatting text.
In the toolbox, select A. Create a frame for the label by dragging the pointer diagonally to the right size. On the menu View(or context menu) call the formatting panel and select the font name, size and style. Click inside the label frame and enter text.
2. How can I move a picture from one application to another?
In all WINDOWS applications very widely used clipboard.
Clipboard - This is an area of memory in which some fragment of a file is temporarily stored. The selected fragment of the file (the selection method depends on the application) is placed on the clipboard via the menu Edit\Copy, if you need to get a copy of the fragment, and - Cut out, if this fragment does not need to be saved in the same place.
A fragment located on the clipboard can be placed in a specified location in the same or another file (even another application) by selecting from the menu Edit teams Insert.
Instead of a menu Edit the context menu or the corresponding toolbar buttons can be used.
A fragment of a file is stored in the clipboard until another fragment is sent to it, so the same fragment can be pasted more than once.
IN graphic editor PAINT To select an area at the top of the toolbox, select a rectangle or a star, depending on whether the area you want to copy is rectangular or another shape. Use the pointer to select the area to be copied. On the menu Edit select team Copy. The selected fragment can be moved (or copied) via the clipboard. Moving can be done by dragging the internal point of the fragment.
3. In what sequence were the calculations performed on the calculator? Is this sequence optimal?
Application Calculator intended for performing arithmetic operations with real numbers.
There are two types of calculators: arithmetic (without using functions) and engineering (using functions). The transition from one view to another is carried out through the menu View.
When making calculations, keep in mind that the priority of multiplication and division operations in Engineering calculator is observed, but in Normal it is not. So, for example, pressing the key sequence 2+3*4= in an Engineering calculator will lead to a result of 14, and in a Normal calculator - to a result of 20.
Calculation results can be transferred to another application via the clipboard (menu Edit).
When performing calculations in my expression, the order of operations was as follows:
Result: 3308393
RESULTS OF LABORATORY WORK:
In the process of performing laboratory work, I acquired skills in working with Windows applications.
(see folder STUDENT-laboratory 4)
LABORATORY WORK No. 5
EDITING AND FORMATTING
TEXT DOCUMENTS BY MEANS
GOAL OF THE WORK.
Gain skills in typing, editing and formatting text using Microsoft programs Word.
Task A.
Create a text document with the following parameters pages: paper size: 21x29.7 cm, sheet orientation - portrait; page margins: top, bottom, left - 2 cm, right - 1 cm.
In the created document, type the suggested text. When typing, use font size 12. Headings should be highlighted in red bold italic, size 14. Words printed in Latin letters should be underlined with a wavy line and highlighted in bold. Format paragraphs of typed text according to the sample. Save the created document under the name lab5.doc.
Note. In the proposed text, the end of one and the beginning of another paragraph is marked with the symbol “¿”.
Task B.
Using various methods of copying and moving text fragments, copy and then move the first two lines of the first paragraph and place them at the end of the text.
CONTROL QUESTIONS.
1. What is a paragraph? What paragraph formatting options do you know? How can they be changed?
The main concept when entering text information is a paragraph, that is, a section of text enclosed between end-of-paragraph markers that appear in the text when you press the ENTER key. A paragraph can be empty or contain one or more lines of text. In order to type a paragraph consisting of several lines, it is not at all necessary to click at the end of each of them ENTER key. The program will automatically move the cursor to the beginning of the next line when it reaches the paragraph boundary. If a word was being typed, the entire word will be moved to the next line.
The main paragraph formatting options are:
Paragraph indentations (left and right indents represent the distances from the corresponding paragraph boundaries to the left and right boundaries of the text area, the first line indentation is the distance from its beginning to the left main paragraph boundary);
Line spacing is the distance between adjacent lines of a paragraph;
alignment. Determines the placement of each line of a paragraph between its left and right borders. There are four types of alignment: left (text is pressed to the left border of the paragraph), right (text is pressed to the right border of the paragraph), centered (each line is placed at an equal distance from both borders) and justified (unlike other alignment types allows you to get even right and left paragraph borders - by automatic insertion the required number of spaces between words). At the same time, the paragraph content is aligned only in one of the above ways.
You can set these options in the menu command dialog box Format| Paragraph. In order to format one paragraph of text, just place the cursor anywhere in it. Formatting several paragraphs with the same parameters is done by first selecting them.
2. How can I change the font size and color in an already typed piece of text?
The Word text editor allows you to use it to represent text characters a large number of scalable TrueType fonts. To change the font parameters in an already typed piece of text, you need to select it and use the command Format\Font. In its dialog box you can change the following parameters:
Font type (for example, Times New Roman, Arial, Courier, etc.); style (regular, italic, bold, bold italic); font size;
underline type;
font color;
apply any effects (strikethrough, top and bottom
indexes, etc.).
If there is no highlighting in the text at the time of changing the font parameters, they will be applied to the newly entered characters.
3. How to create a superscript or subscript?
A superscript or subscript can be created using the command Format\Font. In its dialog box, you can select a checkbox in the required formatting.
4. How do page settings such as paper size and margins change?
Page options are set in the command dialog box File\Page Settings.
6. How can I copy or move a piece of text?
Adding text is done by placing the cursor at its beginning and typing the required characters from the keyboard. Deleting characters that have become unnecessary or entered incorrectly is done using the BACKSPACE and DELETE keys. In order to split one paragraph into two, you need to move the cursor to the end of one and the beginning of the other and press the ENTER key. Merger two paragraphs into one is done by placing the cursor at the beginning of the bottom paragraph and pressing the BACKSPACE key until they are combined.
Moving and copying text fragments is done using the menu item commands Edit. In order to perform any actions with a text fragment, it must first be selected. Selection can be made either using the mouse (by moving the pointer to the desired place, pressing and holding the left button, moving the mouse across the table to spread the selection area), or using the keyboard (by pressing and holding the SHIFT key, use the arrow keys to select required fragment). The selection will end when you release (depending on the method) the button or the SHIFT key. The entire document is selected using the command Edit\Select all. To remove a selection, simply click the mouse anywhere in the document or press one of the cursor keys.
Moving and copying a selected fragment can be done in two ways.
1) Using the clipboard. Having selected the desired fragment, execute the command Edit\Cut to move it or Edit\Copy for copying. Then you need to move text cursor to the future place where the fragment will be inserted and execute the command Edit\Paste.
2) Using the drag and drop method. To do this, you need to place the mouse pointer on the selected fragment, press the left button and, without releasing it, drag the text cursor, which will take the form of a dashed line, to the insertion location. After making sure that the cursor is in the place where we want to move the text fragment, the button is released. To copy using this method, you must press and hold the CTRL key before releasing the left button.
To delete a large piece of text, select it and press the DELETE key.
7. How can I undo my last editing or formatting action?
Cancel any last action editing or formatting a document is carried out by the team Edit Cancel.
If the user has changed his mind about canceling the action, he can use the command Edit Revert.
RESULTS OF LABORATORY WORK:
In the process of performing laboratory work, I gained skills in typing, editing and formatting text using Microsoft Word.
(see folder STUDENT-laboratory 5)
LABORATORY WORK No. 6
CREATING AND EDITING TABLES BY MEANSMICROSOFTWORD
GOAL OF THE WORK.
Learn to create and edit tables of varying complexity in text documents Microsoft Word.
Create a file lab6.doc in which to place the results of the following tasks.
Task A.
Using the menu item Table and toolbar Tables and borders create a table with the following content.
List of department staff |
||||||
Science degree | Scientific title | Job title | Total work experience | |||
Professor | Head department | |||||
Deputy head department | ||||||
Senior Lecturer | ||||||
Assistant | ||||||
Secretary |
Task B.
Insert into the document the original table, consisting of 7 rows and 7 columns, and convert it to the form specified in the option.
CONTROL QUESTIONS.
1. In what ways can you create a table in a text document?
You can create a table in a document in two ways.
1) Run the command Table \ Draw a table. In this case, the mouse pointer will take the form of a pencil, with which you need to draw the outline of the future table. After this the command is executed Table\Split cells, in the dialog box of which the number of rows and columns of the drawn table is indicated.
2) Place the cursor at the beginning of the future table and execute the command Table\ Add a table. Its dialog box then specifies the number of rows and columns.
2. How to select one or more cells, a column, or an entire table?
You can select cells by dragging and holding the left mouse button.
A column can be selected by left-clicking above the column when the mouse pointer changes to a downward arrow.
You can select a table by clicking in the top left corner of the table.
3. How can you combine several cells into one?
Select the cells you want to merge. After this the command is executed Table\Merge Cells.
4. How can I change the cell border line type, width and color?
Changing the appearance of the borders of selected cells and filling them with some color or pattern can be done using the command Format\Borders and fill. Tab Border in its dialog box allows you to change the type of lines that form the cell boundaries, their color, thickness and, if necessary, hide them.
5. How is a cell filled with the selected color?
The fill type of selected cells is set in the tab Filling. It can be either uniform or contain some kind of pattern (for example, shading).
6. How to change the direction of text in a cell?
Almost all editing and formatting capabilities applicable to plain text can be applied to text information located in table cells.
The direction of text in a cell changes when the command is applied Format\Text direction.
RESULTS OF LABORATORY WORK:
In the process of performing laboratory work, I learned how to create and edit tables of varying complexity in text Microsoft documents Word.
(see folder STUDENT-laboratory 6)
LABORATORY WORK No. 7
WORKING WITH GRAPHIC OBJECTS IN TEXT DOCUMENTSMICROSOFTWORD
GOAL OF THE WORK.
Acquiring practical skills in creating illustrations in MS Word text documents.
Create a text file named lab7.doc in which to place the results of the following tasks.
Task A.
https://pandia.ru/text/79/043/images/image003_7.jpg" align="left" width="59" height="72">Transport company “Faster, further, cheaper”
Ensures fast and timely delivery
Your cargo on our vehicles to any point
countries by cash and non-cash payments. Our drivers are professionals in their field.
Cooperation with us will guarantee your success!
Task B.
Using the toolbar Drawing, Draw your own version of the algorithm flowchart.
Task B.
Using the Formula Editor Microsoft Equation, insert formulas according to your option.
CONTROL QUESTIONS.
1. How to draw a regular square or circle?
To draw squares, circles, and lines at multiples of 30, 45, and 60°, you must hold down the Shift key.
2. How to move (copy) a selected object?
It is most convenient to move the selected object using the mouse. To do this, place the pointer on the object and, by pressing the left mouse button, move it to the required distance, after which the button is released. For a more precise location of the object being moved, use the cursor keys while holding down the Ctrl key. Ctrl key When you move an object with the mouse, it will be copied. In addition, you can use the clipboard to copy the selected element of the picture.
3. How to select several drawn objects at the same time?
To select multiple objects, you can click on each one while pressing Shift key, or by clicking the arrow button on the toolbar (Select objects), circle them with a rectangular frame.
4. How can you combine several drawn objects into one?
In order to perform any transformations with the selected elements, use the button menu Actions.
Group, ungroup, - regroup. Several selected objects can be combined into one using the command Group. In further transformations, it is considered as one object, and not as a set of its constituent figures. If necessary, it can again be broken down into its constituent elements with the command Ungroup.
5. How can you change the level of placement of objects when overlaying them on top of each other?
Use the button menu Actions.
Order Sets the placement level of an object when overlaying it with other shapes or text.
6. What actions must be taken to insert an object into the text WordArt?
To insert curly text into a document, click on the button Add objectWordArt on the toolbar Drawing. Next, you need to select the type of inscription, type its text, set font formatting parameters and, if necessary, apply certain features of the WordArt toolbar.
7. How to use the formula editor Microsoft Equation?
To insert a formula, you must select the command Insert\Object\MicrosoftEquation, After which the object outline and the Microsoft Equation toolbar will appear on the screen. Next, select the type of expression and fill in the corresponding fields in its template. At the same time, using the points Format And Style menu of the formula editor, you can set the required formatting parameters for mathematical symbols and select the desired style for their presentation. Using the menu item Size The size of selected or newly typed formula elements is set.
8. How can I change the way text flows around a graphic object?
Object format. It is called by right-clicking on the object and selecting the corresponding command in the context menu. Depending on the type of graphic object, the name of this command may change (for example, Autoshape format, Picture format, Label format etc.,). Object Format\Position
RESULTS OF LABORATORY WORK:
In the process of performing laboratory work, I acquired practical skills in creating illustrations in MS Word text documents.
(see folder STUDENT-laboratory 7)
LABORATORY WORK No. 8
CREATION AND EDITING OF ELECTRONIC
TABLES BY MEANSMICROSOFTEXCEL, CALCULATIONS USING FORMULAS
GOAL OF THE WORK.
Acquiring practical skills in entering and editing data using EXCEL programs and performing standard calculations.
Task A.
Create a file named f8.xls with the following structure: the first sheet contains the source table, the second sheet contains the results of the necessary calculations for the source table.
Source table
list of goods released
Name | Unit | Quantity | Price |
||
Oil paint | |||||
1 pack (50 kg) | |||||
Paint brush | |||||
Wallpaper glue | |||||
Insulating tape | |||||
Screwdriver | |||||
Electrical socket |
EXERCISE:
Option
Calculate the total cost of goods taking into account a 10% discount on those goods whose number of units is more than 100.
Task B.
On the third sheet of the f8.xls file, create a table of arguments and values of the specified function.
CONTROL QUESTIONS.
1. What cells spreadsheet are called dependent?
Cells in a spreadsheet are called dependent cells if they contain an absolute or relative reference.
2. How to calculate a given number of elements of an arithmetic progression with a known step?
1. Enter the first two numbers of the arithmetic progression, taking into account the step.
2. Select these cells and drag along the column (row) to the required last element of the progression. – The cells will be filled with progression elements.
3. Select all filled cells and use the toolbar button Autosum or team Insert\Function\Sum
3. What can be included in the formula? Give an example .
Anything can be included in the formula possible functions from the team Insert\Function
Signs of arithmetic operations *,/,+,-,^,(,).
For example: =(Sheet1!$C$13*Sheet1!$E$13+100)*0.14
4. What formats for representing numbers do you know?
Numerical, monetary, financial, percentage, fractional, exponential.
5. Explain how it works logical function IF .
Returns one value if the specified condition evaluates to TRUE, and another value if it evaluates to FALSE.
The IF function is used when testing conditions for values and formulas.
IF(log_expression;value_if_true;value_if_false)
A logexpression is any value or expression that evaluates to TRUE or FALSE. For example, A10=100 is logical expression; if the value in cell A10 is 100, then the expression evaluates to TRUE. Otherwise, FALSE. This argument can be used in any
Value_if_true is the value that is returned if the logical_expression is TRUE. For example, if this argument is the string "Within Budget" and Boolean is TRUE, then the IF function will display the text "Within Budget". If logical_expression is TRUE and value_if_true is empty, then the value 0 is returned. To display the word TRUE, you must use the logical value TRUE for this argument. Value_if_true can be a formula.
Value_if_false is the value that is returned if the logical_expression evaluates to FALSE. For example, if this argument is the string "Over Budget" and the logical_expression is FALSE, then the IF function will display the text "Over Budget". If the logical_expression is FALSE and the value_if_false is omitted (that is, there is no semicolon after the value_if_true), then the logical value FALSE is returned. If logical_expression is FALSE and value_if_false is empty (that is, value_if_true is followed by a semicolon followed by a closing parenthesis), then the value 0 is returned. Value_if_false can be a formula.
Notes
- Up to 7 IF functions can be nested as value_if_true and value_if_false arguments to construct more complex tests. See the last example below. When the value_if_true and value_if_false arguments have been evaluated, the IF function returns the resulting value. If one of the arguments to the IF function is array, when executing the IF function, all elements of the array are calculated. Microsoft Excel offers additional functions, which can be used to analyze data using conditions. For example, to calculate the number of occurrences of a text string or number in a range of cells, use the COUNTIF function. To calculate the sum of values falling within an interval specified text string or numbers, use the SUMIF function.
RESULTS OF LABORATORY WORK:
In the process of performing laboratory work, I acquired practical skills in entering and editing data using EXCEL and performing standard calculations.
(see folder STUDENT-laboratory 8)
LABORATORY WORK No. 9
PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS OF DATA USING THE PROGRAMMICROSOFTEXCEL
GOAL OF THE WORK.
Acquiring practical skills in constructing charts, performing sorting and filtering using the EXCEL program.
Task A.
Create a file named f9.xls with the following structure: the first sheet contains the source table (the source table corresponds to the source table of laboratory work No. 8), the second sheet - Filter the data in the source table so that only those rows that contain data about those goods whose quantity is not less than 150 units. The list is sorted in descending order of the number of products.
Task B.
On the third sheet of the f9.xls file, construct a diagram with the given parameters corresponding to the values of the function calculated in laboratory work No. 8.
A flat pie chart of the top seven values of a function, showing the fraction of each value.
CONTROL QUESTIONS.
1. How to sort a single column of text data?
Data\Sort…\Sort within the selected range.
2. How to sort by one of the columns, taking into account the entire table?
Select a column and run the command Data\Sort…\Automatically expand the selected range.
3. What charting parameters do you know?
Chart type, data labels, legend, title, range, grid, axis labels.
4. How to use the “Autofilter” mode to select data that satisfies some two conditions?
1. Click on any cell of the data column and execute the command Data\Filter\AutoFilter
2. Under the sign that appears, select the required filtering condition.
5. How can I change the type of chart created?
Right-click on the diagram and select the command from the context menu Chart type.
6. Give examples of tasks in which sorting data helps to significantly speed up their processing.
Sort the list of company employees by year of life in descending order to determine the number of employees of pre-retirement age.
RESULTS OF LABORATORY WORK:
In the process of performing laboratory work, I acquired practical skills in constructing diagrams, performing sorting and filtering using the EXCEL program.
(see folder STUDENT-laboratory 9)
LABORATORY WORK No. 10
CREATION OF GRAPHIC OBJECTS USING THE PACKAGECORELDRAW
GOAL OF THE WORK.
Acquiring practical skills in performing standard operations with vector computer graphics objects.
Draw a block diagram indicating the vertical dimensions of the first three blocks and extension lines of the last three blocks (the content of the inscription is the type of block, for example, “Input block”, “Logic block”).
Select the flowchart of the corresponding laboratory work No. 7 “Working with graphic objects in Microsoft Word text documents.”
CONTROL QUESTIONS.
1. What types of presentation graphic information You know?
All computer graphics objects are divided into two classes; point and vector. Bitmap (raster) images consist of an array of pixels of geometric shapes of the same size and shape (usually squares and circles), which have their own color and are set at a certain point on the screen. The pattern, assembled using the mosaic principle, is a striking example of an enlarged dot image. Vector images consist of a collection of more complex and diverse geometric objects described by mathematical formulas, such as, for example, circles, rectangles, ellipses, polygons, line segments, arcs of curves, etc.
2. How to construct a star heptagon?
Polygons are constructed using the tool Polygon. Parameters for constructing a polygon (type, number of vertices, sharpness of corners) are set on a special panel, which can be called up by double-clicking on the tool button
Polygon.
3. What class of objects does a rhombus belong to?
Class "Rectangles".
4. How to resize an object?
Before making resizing changes, the object must be selected, for which you need to select a tool Pick and click on the required point of the desired object and hold the left mouse button to change the size.
5. What types of lines do you know?
Connectors, Painting, Pen, Polyline, 3 point curve, Freehand, Bezier tool, ½ to 24 point outline.
RESULTS OF LABORATORY WORK:
In the process of performing laboratory work, I acquired practical skills in performing standard operations with vector computer graphics objects.
(see folder STUDENT-laboratory 10)