Computer account what. User account in Windows - description, control and recommendations

In this lesson I will try to convey to you the definition and meaning of three concepts such as login, password and Account or account.

Let's not waste another minute and dive into learning these concepts.

What is a login?

Login(from the English “connect, log in”) is a word (identifier) ​​that is used to identify users in computer systems and websites for the purpose of further logging into them. This is sort of your name for a specific system or site.

It is definitely worth mentioning that within the site or system, each user has his own unique login. It is usually used to recognize system users and identify them, but to understand that it is this particular user and not another, it is not enough, so the concept of login is associated with the concept of password. This means that each login in the system or website is associated with its own unique password for identification.

What is a password?

Password is a set of characters that is used to protect an account. It's kind of a surname for computer system or website.

The login-password combination is always unique for a specific system and serves as a pass to your account. All passwords are typically stored in encrypted or hashed form for their security. A hashed view is a unique view that is obtained by processing characters using special php functions. Typically this is crypt(), hash() or less commonly md5(). IN in this case Information in databases is not stored in the form in which you entered it, but in a converted form. You've probably often noticed that when you try to recover your password, you don't receive old information, and a link comes to a form in which you can create a new one. This is done because the data that is created in this way is mostly irreversible and it is not possible to recognize the originally entered characters.

There are several ways to come up with strong password. You can strain your brain and produce a set of specific characters that will be understandable only to you, you can use special password generators, but I think the most interesting thing is creating a password in Russian letters in English layout. For example, the word mypassword1029 in the English layout will be like vjqgfhjkm1029.

What is an account or account.

Account (account, acc, account from English "Account, personal account") is a collection of data about the user stored in a computer system or on a website.

To log in and use your account, identification using a login and password is usually required.

An account or account on the Internet means a personal page, profile, account, etc.

Below are examples of logins and passwords:

Password: kXJHwyCeOX, pass132435, vjqgfhjkm

In any case, all this data is personal to a specific site or computer system. Therefore, be careful when following links (very often phishing links are used to hack accounts) and entering data on the site, and also do not tell anyone your password and, if possible, your login. Although sometimes a site employee may ask you for a login, for example, if you contact technical support for your identification.

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Hello, dear blog readers, and in this lesson I propose to consider: what is an account and how to create an account in Windows 7 , I also suggest that you familiarize yourself with creating an account and setting access rights to your computer. Have you ever encountered when one computer was used by several users?

If yes, then you probably know that when you turn on the computer, the operating system loads, then a dialog box appears in which the user must specify a login and password, after entering which the computer desktop is loaded with all the shortcuts familiar to us. So the question arises, why is an account created at all? How to create an account in windows 7? What function do they perform?

What is an account?

For a more complete idea of ​​what “Accounts” are, let’s look at the following example: In an organization, people work at computers. Let's say there are 50 computers, and they all exchange information using a local network. But first you need to read the article:

Consequently, there is a person who is responsible for ensuring the smooth operation of computers, installing software, creating, editing, deleting accounts, that is, he is an administrator. And people who work at computers, perform their job duties, are users in relation to the administrator personal computer or they are also called experienced users.

Their rights to control the computer are limited, that is, they cannot install any programs on their computer, and they are also not able to change certain settings or system configuration. In addition, the administrator can block reading removable media (flash drives, disks).

Since such computers are united as a single whole through a local network, imagine if a virus (via removable media) penetrates even one computer, then all computers without exception will be infected, and this is just a waste of time restoring them. Therefore, in such cases, account creation is used. I looked at a specific easy example to make it clear. When combining computers into local network, an account is needed to connect to the server using network applications (but this is a separate topic for discussion). In the home version, when the computer is used by all family members, then you can create your own account for everyone.

When loading the operating system, each user will be able to configure various optimal system parameters for themselves. I believe that using accounts is very convenient in this regard, that there will be order with the location of important documents on the computer.

How to create an account in windows 7?

Now let's start creating accounts. To create an account, go to the control panel using the command: Start - Control Panel. As a result, the explorer familiar to us from the previous lesson will open, which displays a list of computer settings settings. If your way of displaying icons in Explorer is different from mine, then select “Category” in the viewing tab.

In the window that opens, click “Create an account.” First, you will need to specify the type of account to be created, either it will be a regular (experienced) user or an administrator. I'll call the account name "Alexander" and the type " Regular access" and click "Create an account".

After this, the account will be created and a dialog box will appear.

Let's take a closer look at what actions we can carry out in the “Alexander” account we created. To do this, click on the “Alexander” icon and in the window that opens we see the main links, clicking on which will allow us to set or change certain parameters.

1. Change Account Name – allows you to change the initial account name we created.

2. Create a password – this option allows you to set a password for your account; when the operating system boots to log into your account, the system will require you to enter a password.

3. Delete password – this option deletes the previously created password.

4. Change picture – allows you to select a picture that will be displayed when you log in. When you click on change pattern, a set of patterns will appear that you can use. After selecting the design you like, click on change the design. In the same window there is a link “Search for other drawings”; when you click, you can select your individual drawing.

5. Set up parental controls. Parental control allows you to manage the use of your computer. For example, you can set the time interval when children can sit at the computer, and you can also set certain requirements for the use of certain programs and games. When you click on the “Parental Controls” link, a dialog box will open in which you can activate the use of this option if you wish. There are certain set parameters here, everything is described in detail what is possible and what is not.

6. Change account type - this option allows you to change rights current user, that is, saying in simple words, either restrict the user when working with the computer, or expand his rights, allow him to install software, change certain parameters, etc.

7. Deleting an account - if you need to delete an account, click on the “Deleting an Account” link; if you want to save the documents of this account before deleting, click “Saving files”.

8. Manage another account – allows you to return to the main menu of all accounts.

How to create an account in windows 7

Let's consider another method that will allow you to find out how to create an account in Windows 7. To do this right click Click on the My Computer shortcut and select Manage. In the window that opens, click " Local users and groups”, as a result of which two folders “Users” and “Groups” will appear on the right side of the window, click on “Users”. As you can see, there is a list of PC user accounts, right-click on the “Alexander” account we previously created.

When the window opens, three tabs are available to us: general, group membership, profile.

1. General tab – allows you to set the full name and description of the account.

1.1 Prohibit the user from changing the password - on this parameter The checkbox is checked when several users work under the same account.

1.2 Password validity period is unlimited - if you uncheck this box, the password for logging into the system will have restrictions.

1.3 Disable account – I think it’s already clear what this parameter is intended for =)

1.4 Lock account – allows you to lock the system after a certain number of password attempts.

2. Group membership tab – indicates what type the user will belong to (power user, administrator).
So, we have looked at how to create a wwindows 7 account. Next, we will consider a situation when we need to disable User Account Control. For example, consider an account named “Dmitry”

To do this, run the commands: Start - Control Panel - User Accounts and Family Safety - User Accounts and click on the link “Change User Account Control Settings”. As a result, a window will open in which you can use the slider to set the degree of control. The degree of control has 4 level systems.

1. Always notify – this level is the most high level ensuring system security.

2. Notify only when programs attempt to make changes to the computer.

3. Notify only when programs attempt to make changes to the computer (In this case, when starting suspicious programs, the desktop will not be darkened compared to the second level of protection).

4. Never notify. The lower position of the slider ensures that User Account Control is disabled.

It should also be noted that User Account Control is also called UAC ( User Account control). UAC prevents unauthorized launch of programs that can disrupt the operation of the operating system through malicious code. Undoubtedly, it should be noted that UAC improves the security of the computer system.

At the end of this lesson, I propose to consider a situation where you Forgot your password to your account. After all, a password is a kind of key to enter our system.

So, what do you need to do to log into Windows?

When creating an account, a “ Password Reset Disk" Execute the following commands: Start – Control Panel – User Accounts – Change Windows password. As a result of opening the window, on the left side select “Create a password reset floppy disk”, before this you should insert either a flash drive or a floppy disk.

In the window that opens, indicate New Password and confirm it. Then we log into Windows using the new password.

Although home computer called personal, that is, designed for one user and his needs, in practice it is more often used by several people at once. In organizations, a number of employees can work in shifts on the same computer, but at home it becomes a toy for all family members.

At the same time, users of the same computer can be of different genders and ages, which means that the design requirements will most likely working environment(for example desktop background), system settings and list installed programs will be different. It’s clear that if you spend a couple of hours personalizing the system and the next time you turn on your computer you find that someone has changed the shortcuts you’ve set, the gadgets you’ve configured, and your favorite desktop background, you’ll probably be upset. So what to do in this situation?

Fortunately, the system developers took care of this, making Windows not only multitasking, but also multi-user. This means that the world's most widely used OS allows you to add new users with your own configurations.

For Windows User is a specific account that uses the current system to perform certain functions. Several people can work under one user, and at the same time, each of them can create a separate user.

As we mentioned above, a computer located at home can often be used by several people. Each of them can work under one user, that is, in this case, the system resources will be shared. But you can create several users, which will be much more profitable. What benefits can you get from this?

The fact is that each account is capable of storing not only individual settings interface of the system, but also have its own set installed applications, which can only be used by a specific user. However, others may not know about the presence of these programs on their computer.

One more important point is the fact that different users of the same computer may have different rights. Thus, by creating an additional account with reduced rights, you can limit functionality the person who will use it. For example, he will not be able to change basic system settings and open certain folders, which can be useful if children use the computer. In addition, you can prohibit children and beginners from installing new programs, and leave all the ability to install applications and configure the system only to experienced users.

During Windows installations, a main account must be created in it, the owner of which becomes the first user and has system administrator rights. Also, immediately after registering a new account, the user’s “personal” folders are automatically created on the hard drive, which include: “Documents”, “Music”, “Videos”, “Images”, “Desktop” and others. Many of the most common programs, by default, offer to save files created in them in these standard folders, of course, unless you forcibly change their location to some other one.

Any data contained in these folders will not be accessible to users who sign in using a different account. This way, you don’t have to worry that someone will accidentally delete, for example, a document you created or gain access to confidential data.

Creating new users

Now let’s imagine that one account is not enough for you and you need to create one or even several additional users with their own configurations.

To do this, you need to click on the button Start and in the main menu that opens, select the item Control Panel(located on the right side of the menu). Among the many sections (icons, pictograms) we are interested in the one called user accounts.

In general, an account is special data that the operating system stores for each user. If added New user, the operating system creates an account for him. If a user is deleted, the credentials are erased from memory. It's a bit like the HR department at work: when you start working, you create a personal file, and when you leave, it's destroyed.

Now let's try to add a new user. To do this, you need to click on the link, after which the window of the same name will open in front of you.

In the field where it says “New account name”, you need to enter the name (alias) of the new user. If the letters are not printed when you press the keys, you need to click on this field with the mouse. You can enter any name as an alias, you can also use real name the person for whom the user will be created.

Next, you should select the account type by choosing one of two options: Administrator or Regular access. The administrator is allowed to manage all existing operating system settings, add any programs and applications, create and delete users, and so on. In the case of normal access, you can also use almost all programs and customize the system to suit your own needs, but you will not be able to change the security settings of the system or other users. Also Administrator may at any time limit the rights of a standard account, preventing the user from performing certain operations.

The most correct thing is if there is only one administrator user on the computer, who will control all the rights of other users. It is the administrator who allows and denies something to someone. In addition, administrators can change not only their own account, but also the records of other users. So the presence of several users on the same computer with such rights increases the risk of unwanted interference in important settings operating system.

When the selection is made, click on the button. A window will open with a list of created users and their icons.

Setting up and deleting accounts

If you click on any of the accounts (for example, the one that was just created), a window will appear in which you can see links to change the user account settings. Items Changing your account name And Changing the pattern no special comments are needed.

For each account, it is advisable to set its own own password, thanks to which other users will not be able to visit “other people’s” profiles. This is done using the point Creating a Password. Immediately after the password is created, the additional items Change/Remove Password.

If you decide to limit the rights of any user, you need to click on the link in the window Set parental controls. Then you should select the user for whom the restriction will be set, after which a window with control settings will appear. By the way, if one or more accounts do not have a password, the system will warn you about this.

First you need to put the switch Parental control to mode Turn on using the current settings. Links in the section Windows Settings allow you to configure certain settings for users, including: limiting time spent on the computer by day of the week, managing access to gaming applications, as well as setting permissions or blocking the use of certain programs.

Finally, you always have the right to delete any account you create by clicking on the link with a self-explanatory name in the window for making changes to your account. Just keep in mind that changing settings or deleting users should be done carefully, since such operations can erase important files users, if they are in personal folders that Windows specifically creates for them.

True, the developers have insured against rash actions and when deleting an account, Windows will first offer to save personal files user, and if you still click on the button Delete files, it will display another warning window.

After there are two or more active accounts in the system, each time before logging into the system, Welcome window you will be prompted to select the desired user.

While working in Windows, you can log out of one account and log into another at any time, or even without logging out, just change the user. To do this, click on the button Start, and then hover your mouse over the arrow next to the button Shutdown.

After selecting the item in the menu that opens Change user, without shutting down applications or closing active windows, you will be transferred to the welcome screen, where you can select new profile to login. Just keep in mind that working with several configurations at once seriously reduces the available space random access memory and can cause your computer to slow down.

By the way, you can quickly change the user by pressing the combination Ctrl keys+ Alt + Del and selecting the appropriate menu item or using the Win + L hotkey combination.

If you need to completely log out of your account and allow another user to work in Windows, select Logout. In this case, all programs and files you were working with will be closed.

Modern operating systems are multi-user. Any action in them must be performed on behalf of a specific account. What is an account? In relation to the operating system, this is the user ID that is stored in the system itself.

One of the accounts always belongs to the system itself: the so-called system account. Services are launched on its behalf when the computer boots, devices are connected, drivers are loaded, etc.

Windows OS has two built-in standard accounts: Administrator and Guest. However, in Windows 7, the Administrator account is disabled by default. During the installation process of the system, it is proposed to create at least one more account - the user will work under it.

The concept of “account” is often used in other situations. Usually this is understood as a combination of some name and password. For example, account Email- username registered on mail server(practically this is an email address) and the corresponding password. An account on a site is the name under which you registered on this site, and, again, a password for accessing certain functions of the site, etc. Such accounts have nothing to do with users of the operating system.

Each account is assigned certain rights. For convenience and ease of rights management, there are groups. When a user account is added to a group, it receives all the rights specified for that group. In Windows 7, 14 groups are created by default, and the main practical significance have three of them: Administrators, Users and Remote Desktop Users.

Complete and granular management of users and groups is provided through console snap-ins Computer Management → Local Users and Groups And Local politics security (Start → Run → secpol.msc). However, in many cases the functions available in Control panels On the page user accounts.

The user account created during system installation has administrator rights by default. Computer administrators are allowed to do everything, including managing other user accounts, installing programs, and changing any system settings. At least one of the existing accounts must have administrator rights. Many people still work under this single account. However, this is a very serious “blunder” in the security organization! In particular, when opening web pages in which the malicious code, this code will be executed as administrator. In this case, he will be able to make changes to the registry, place infected files in system folders, etc.

The creators of Windows recommend creating an account with limited rights for everyday work. This is also stated in help system, and in official manuals. A user logged in under such an account ( regular user), somewhat limited in rights. It can run most applications and has access to many folders. However, he is not allowed to install programs or change fundamentally important system settings. This user cannot modify, delete, or create files in system folders(for example, in Windows folders or Program Files). On the “correct” computer, an account with administrator rights should only be used to install programs or change some serious settings.

How to create an account?

1. On the page Control Panel → User Accounts click on the link Managing another account.
2. On the next page select the link Create an account. Next, enter the name of the new user, set the switch to Normal access and click the button Create an account.

Although there is no direct ban on the Cyrillic alphabet in account names, it is still more correct to use only Latin letters in them. Some programs refuse to work correctly if the username contains characters other than the Latin alphabet and numbers.

Some applications should only be run as an administrator. For example, these are many video surveillance programs, Reserve copy, antivirus scanners. When you are working under a limited account, there are several ways to launch such applications correctly:

• right-click on the program shortcut and context menu select team Run as administrator;
• right-click on the shortcut and select the command from the context menu Properties. The Properties dialog box opens. Go to the tab Compatibility. On this tab, click the button Change settings for all users and in the child dialog box, check the box Run this program as administrator.

When the application is launched this way, the User Account Control function is triggered: the screen dims and you are prompted to enter the administrator password. It turns out that a user working under a limited account should still know it.

How to not give a normal user a password for the administrator account, but allow them to run certain programs on his behalf? This problem can be solved quite in a cunning way. You are unlikely to use it yourself - let the computer technician servicing your company do it. Let's just show the principle:

1. Open your console Computer management and go to the element Utilities → Task Scheduler.
2. Create new task with a short name without spaces, for example Tricky_Task. In the task creation dialog box, on the tab Are common check the box Run with highest rights, and on the tab Actions specify which program to run. Save the created task.
3. Create a new shortcut on your desktop. When creating a shortcut in a field Property location enter the command schtasks/run/tn Tricky_Task(Where Tricky_Task- the name of the previously created task). Give the shortcut a meaningful name, such as If you can't, but you really need to.

Of course, when creating a task, the system will ask you for an administrator password. However, in the future, an ordinary user will be able to launch a task using a shortcut. That, in turn, will launch the specified program, but on behalf of the administrator - no one will ask the user for the password!

The meaning of creating different accounts is not limited to different rights to launch programs and make changes to operating system settings. In Windows, each file or folder is assigned specific access permissions. They determine what exactly specific user or what security group members are allowed or not allowed to do with the object. There are two types of permissions:

• Share permissions(network access permissions). These permissions define access rights to an object over the network. They are associated with the operating system of a particular computer and are stored in Windows registry. When you rename or move a folder, network access permissions are reset (network access is denied for everyone) and must be set again;
• NTFS permissions(permissions local access). They are attributes of a file or folder and are stored in file system. In other words, these permissions remain with the object even if HDD was moved to another computer.

Permission management Share carried out in the file or folder properties dialog box on the tab Access. Permissions NTFS are set on the tab Safety.
In most cases, there is no need to specifically configure NTFS permissions. The creator-owner of a folder always gets access to it full access. Other users of the computer are granted read, execute, and change rights to the contents of the folder.

The exception is users' personal folders (My Documents, Pictures, Desktop, etc.). Access to them and their subfolders is limited to the appropriate user only. Others can access another user's personal folders only on behalf of the administrator: User Account Control will be triggered and you will be prompted to enter the administrator's password. Members of the Administrators group have unlimited rights to any folders.

Network access permissions (Share), on the contrary, are directly set whenever you open network access To specific folder. Detailed questions of creation network resources And different models We will look at accessing them in the following articles.

From early childhood, we all know that the account name and password cannot be disclosed even to our closest relatives and friends. In the last Windows versions this rule still has to be broken.

When you launch the People, Mail, and Calendar apps for the first time, the operating system will ask you to enter usernames and passwords for the online services and services you use. postal services, similar to Gmail. There is nothing illegal about this. Microsoft and other large IT companies have reached an agreement according to which the disclosure of user data is possible only with their permission.

You will have to confirm your consent to Windows connection 10 to accounts third party services to allow the operating system to import contacts from them, mail messages and calendar entries. By doing this, you will definitely save money work time because you will get the opportunity automatic synchronization data imported from multiple independent sources.

By linking your daily online service accounts to Windows 10, you can automatically sign in to them and import contact information into your installed apps. To allow Windows 10 to fully participate in your social life, follow these steps.

1. Click the Start button. In the menu that appears, click the Mail tile. The Mail tile is located in the right pane of the Start menu. Clicking on it displays on the screen initial window applications. Click on the Get Started button.
2. Enter your account information in the Mail application window. When you launch the Mail application for the first time, you will be prompted to add an existing mail account (or multiple accounts), as shown in Figure. 10.1. If you are logged into Windows using a Microsoft account, then the mailing address will automatically be used as the primary one in the Mail app (regardless of the service it was originally registered with: Live, Hotmail or Google).

To add data from other mail accounts to the Mail application, click the Add account button. Then specify the mail account type: Outlook.com (used to add an account Microsoft records), Exchange (used mainly by users of programs Office package 365), Google, Yahoo! Mail, iCIoud (Apple), Other Account (allows you to manually specify POP and IMAP servers), or Advanced Setup (allows you to connect account information through Exchange ActiveSync or import it from Internet mail).

So, for example, to add an account to the Mail application Gmail entry, click on the Google option. Windows 10 will take you to a secure Google site where you need to log in with your own credentials by entering your existing Gmail address and password and clicking Sign in.

If you want to add an account after downloading the Mail application, click on the Go to Settings button (the gear icon at the bottom of the window) and select Accounts from the Settings panel that floats down in the window on the right.

Repeat the steps above to add the details of all your regularly used email accounts to your apps. By signing in at the on-screen prompt for each of them, you will allow Windows 10 to import the specified credentials into its own applications.

After you give Windows 10 access to your own account data, be prepared for the operating system to automatically fill the People app with the contact information of your friends and work colleagues, and add information about previously scheduled events to the Calendar app. Although providing Windows 10 with its own credentials seems like a very reckless step, this operation simplifies further work in some built-in applications. operating system applications.