Knx technology in the home is environmentally friendly. KNX technology for automation systems


Apple lost the battle of systems in absentia smart home With Apple Home, taking on immature hipster students who see the world through pale rose-colored glasses.

But there are serious life-tested solutions - only they are worthy of our attention today.

Example - German JUNG company with 100 years of history. Long before Apple’s attempts on an unfamiliar plane, it managed to create demand for an adult, serious audience and satisfy it with a high-quality offer.

KNX - a unified network for a smart home

The basis modern systems The JUNG smart home was based on the universal KNX communication bus, which turned out to be a development of the EIB used in the past in Europe.

JUNG became one of fifteen companies that began working on the system and its popularization back in the 90s of the last century. And by 2000 this association, which today exists under the name KNX Association, controlled up to 80% of the European smart home market.

The history of KNX in Russia began in 1997. And today, certification of specialists for system maintenance is carried out by JUNG within our country - this is important for the installation and further maintenance of KNX.

The number of specialists who install and maintain systems is measured in the thousands. Therefore, no problems are expected with the long-term operation of a KNX-based smart home in Russia in the coming decades.

The key to the success of the platform in the world in general and our country in particular was utility, ease of installation, as well as versatility, energy efficiency and safety of use. Apple Home vs Her - Toy

A true JUNG smart home with KNX

KNX from JUNG combines all areas of the room from a one-room apartment to a country house with hundreds of square meters into one system with individual and centralized management no configuration restrictions.

It is based on two components:

  • control sensors and sensors
  • actuators

The first includes software and hardware through which commands are transmitted, including automatic ones. And the latter are networks and mechanisms for their implementation.

With the help of such smart home technologies you will be able to control the whole system from one device in a specific room or centrally.

KNX supports:

Lighting creates the necessary mood. The system controls the on/off switching of general light or individual zones, intensity, and so on.

Climate adjustable by zone for maximum comfort and energy efficiency due to collaboration ventilation, heating, internal and external blinds and other systems.

Awnings regulated based on sun, wind and rain sensors.

Safety controlled based on signals from sensors for opening doors and windows, water and gas, fire and smoke. The system will check them from a great distance. And it will create an imitation of presence during a long departure.

Multimedia systems. This allows you to play music in a specific or multiple rooms.

Other automation systems integrated into KNX and vice versa.

And any process is controlled by individual switches, a common central panel with limited access, as well as a smartphone, tablet or computer.

German quality: progress as tradition

The quality of JUNG products was confirmed by a certificate back in 2011 TÜV NORD. Only companies with 90% or more of their capacity located in Germany can apply for this.

And there is no talk about any Chinese consumer goods, which Apple Home is focused on. These are serious, full-fledged mechanisms for life, and not trinkets that measure the temperature and carbon dioxide in the room and recommend ventilation.

Since its founding in 1912 until today, the company has been based in the city of Schalksmühle in the Sauerland region.

Then it was an ordinary factory for the production of electrical equipment: sockets, switches, and so on. And today there is a central office with an administrative apparatus, a product development center, a sales department and other structures of a major player in the market of real smart homes.

JUNG production base with a total area of ​​25,000 square meters located in Lünen - it grew from a small branch founded in 1941.

“Throughout our company's 100-year history, we have strived for constant progress. Our strategy is constant improvement of products and introduction of new products.

The key to our success in the global market is our employees, who are loyal and interested in the success of the company.

In a medium-sized family business, it is very important to maintain responsible interpersonal communication and a culture of behavior with the company's customers and suppliers.

We feel a duty to work for the benefit of our client, no matter who he is” - company director Harald Jung

And the company remains on the crest of an innovative wave today. Modern world requires better and smarter solutions every year. And the manufacturer continues to set trends.

Variety in KNX

JUNG was at the forefront of the KNX smart home system. Therefore, today it offers variety in functional content and appearance devices - this applies to control elements (sensors and transducers) and equipment executing commands.

Now the company has several series: A, CD, LS, SL. Equipment can be made of plastic or metals, up to aluminum and even gold switches, sockets and push-button modules with 9 micron coating.

Popular KNX mechanisms:

Switch controls. Externally, they do not differ from ordinary light switches, so they are combined with them in design:

  • Touch switches for light control and so on
  • Rotary switches for intensity control
  • Automatic switches for condition control
  • Thermostats for temperature control
  • Climate sensors for monitoring climate parameters

Touch room controllers. Such controllers with capacitive touch screen replace traditional switches to control the entire room. They are mounted on the wall and are virtually no different in use from the iPhone and other smartphones.

Universal Touch Panels. They can be used to control full set modern equipment KNX throughout the entire room from one central location.

Mini presence sensor. It monitors movement in a room to report unauthorized use.

Sound distribution system. This is a full-fledged mechanism for providing multiroom sound to the entire room with a built-in amplifier for connecting equipment with options for up to 8 outputs.

Outdoor weather station. This determines wind speed and direction, light level, total radiation and precipitation, relative and absolute humidity, air pressure, and so on.

At this historical period of time, we all give preference to Windows and systems built on this OS. In two thousand and one, I managed to purchase a book by B. Gates in Moscow, called “Business at the Speed ​​of Thought.” Then I first learned from it about the existence of smart homes. In particular, B. Gates described his own smart home, which he had been using for a long time. That is, about fifteen years have passed since then, and maybe more.

Yes, there is now a trend that China is going to develop its own OS, and there is a reason for this. But there is a but, as always. China is just getting ready, so this moment Windows remains the main working platform for us.

All this needs to be said, in my opinion, in order to clearly grasp the trend in the development of science and technology, in order to be in the right quadrant of the segment by the time the turning point comes.

I think that the pan-European KNX/EIB standard (knx eib) of the international Konnex Association, and the Chinese Smart-Bus standard that appeared around two thousand and nine, as well as the HDL production line certified all according to the same KNX standard, are generally opposed American standard, for example the LonWorks standard. It is possible that in the USA there are other standards besides Crestron and AMX, which, like DOS in their own way, are the legislators and progenitors of an entire industry, according to at least in the accepted understanding. It is possible that there will be people who will argue that DOS and intelligent platforms for a smart home were developed even earlier and in another place, but we have what we have.

Of course, we can experiment, but until China realizes its intentions regarding the full-scale development of its own OS and software, we are left with Windows applications, and to a greater extent than iOS. It follows that it will be promising for the next fifteen years to continue to use proven and tested solutions, in particular those compatible with common standards, protocols, technical solutions and software. In particular, B. Gates, for example, has been using his smart home for at least twenty years, which means this system will be more proven, reliable, and developed in terms of functionality.

Here we need to look at how we are going to control our smart home. From a smartphone on the Android platform, or from an iPhone, or maybe an iPad?

It is quite possible that in fifteen years, with the advent of the first robots, new ones will appear. intelligent systems, and maybe even from a new participant, which could be Japan, as well as other participants in the market for super technologies, Singapore for example (in that sector globe high concentration of technologies).

And new and promising things are definitely emerging, but we are all not aware of it. Only the initiated know.

P.S. We must proceed from ease of use. Take the system that is simpler, more convenient, more widespread, more reliable, and so on.

When the idea arose to manage all systems and communications of a home using an automated complex, many companies began to actively develop and market their products. New technologies and system elements, called “” or “Smart Home”, were in demand, but there was no interchangeability of individual components. With the advent technologiesKNX all problems were solved. The KNX smart blast furnace is a modern and optimal solution, which allows you to avoid many problems.

What is KNX technology

System automatic control engineering communications of a home consists of many components. These are control units, sensors various types and actuators. They all should interact with each other. Until a certain time electronic components The supply voltage, operating frequencies of radio channel control, protocols for receiving and transmitting data could differ from different companies. This did not allow the use of components from different manufacturers. In 1990, several large companies involved in building automation merged.

As a result, the KNX Association emerged, which included well-known manufacturers electronic devices. KNX (communication bus) technology was developed and adopted, which currently has the status of a world standard. The technology was based on the EIB system previously developed in Europe.

A single protocol for receiving and transmitting data and other standardization have been created for all KNX devices, so any network organized on the KNX bus can be expanded, reconfigured, and any devices included in it can be easily replaced.

KNX elements

To exchange data in the environmentKNX The following channels are used:

All devices connected to the network can exchange information through a single bus. If the transmission was successful and the actuator accepted it, then a confirmation comes from it. If it is not received, the network subscriber repeats the transmission two more times. If there is no confirmation, the transfer ends. In order for the network to start working it is necessary connect devices to each other, provide them with electrical power and program each device. For this purpose it is used software package ETS, which is designed to implement automated control engineering systems buildings.

Smart home on KNX bus

Originally developed for industrial and office buildings, KNX technology has found wide application in apartments and residential buildings due to the following advantages:

  • Low installation and operating costs
  • Management Visibility
  • Possibility of unlimited expansion and modification
  • Changing settings and parameters during operation

In Smart Home subsystems, devices organized inKNXnetwork can perform the following functions:

  • Lighting control
  • Maintaining the optimal or set temperature in the premises
  • Control household appliances By given program
  • Monitoring of security and fire alarm sensors

This list, depending on requirements, can be significantly expanded. To control lighting devices, a digital interface with individual addressing is used, with which you can maintain a constant level of illumination or select any desired mode. Heating, air conditioning and ventilation systems are combined into one subsystem, into which external and internal temperature and humidity sensors are integrated. All information received from the sensors is processed by the controller, which controls the actuators, which allows you to maintain the most comfortable conditions in the room.

Household appliances can be controlled according to a given program, which can be adjusted using remote control via radio channel.

One of the most important functions of the Smart Home system on the KNX bus is ensuring the safety of the home. This function is implemented using sensors for various purposes, which transmit status information in real time environment to the system controller. Sensors can detect unauthorized opening of windows and doors, the presence of a stranger in the room, the presence of smoke, gas leaks or leaking water supply systems.

Elements of a Smart Home based on KNX

The Smart Home system consists of the following devices:

  • Sensors or sensors
  • Actuators
  • System nodes and blocks

Sensors perform an informative function, actuators are designed to execute the corresponding commands, and system nodes perform auxiliary function. These include power supplies, expanders, GSM modules, remote controls and touch panels.

One of the undoubted conveniences of the KNX network is the ability to use various lines to transmit monitoring and control signals. The twisted pair cable allows data exchange at a speed of 9,500 bps. A standard household electrical network with a voltage of 230 V can transmit information at a speed of 1,200 bits/sec. in the form of impulse messages. Data is transmitted in packets of eight bytes with start-stop synchronization and parity.

For data exchange over the radio channel, fixed frequencies of 433 and 868 MHz are used.

All devices connected to the KNX bus, with the exception of radio channels, form a structure organized according to a hierarchical principle. Devices with a radio channel can be installed in arbitrary locations, and each device can communicate with any other within the range of the transmitter. To avoid mutual influence of devices on each other during operation, each unit equipped with a transmitter has its own number, which is always sent along with the message. Therefore, only those devices that have its number registered respond to the signals of each transmitter.

With KNX technology, all communication lines can be used simultaneously to transmit information. To combine them, communication media connectors are provided. For example, if some devices are connected via an electrical network, they can also receive commands via twisted pair cable or radio through connectors.

Conclusion

The KNX system provides real benefits for both work operators and property owners. Simplicity of installation and installation allows reducing the labor intensity and cost of the system. Property owners benefit from energy savings and low operating costs. Ready system can be easily expanded, supplemented and focused on performing new tasks.

I have covered the very concept of a smart home, now let’s talk about its implementation. For convenience, we will consider two possibilities: creating a smart home after renovation, and integrating a smart home into an apartment during renovation.

Creating a smart home in a finished apartment

So, the renovations have already been done, and you want to make your home a little smarter. Alas, it will no longer be possible to implement much - centralized system there will be no control, all smart devices will work separately.
You can start with smart plugs:

What are they? These are devices that are inserted into a regular outlet and can control the current and voltage at the output. With their help, you can, for example, turn on a table lamp, heater, air conditioner, kettle, etc. Such sockets have a GSM transmitter, so they can be controlled outside the apartment, directly from your phone.

The second thing you can do is buy a smart electrical appliance that can work through an application for mobile phone or from the remote control. For example, a kettle from Xiaomi:

Or a smart lamp:

All such devices are controlled remotely, but, alas, not centrally - each device will require a separate remote control or application, which is not very convenient.

Well, thirdly: if you are good at electrical engineering, you can make a system for remote control of light via radio. To do this you will need an electronic switch and a remote control for remote control. To install the switch, you will have to disassemble the required switch and solder it into the circuit, then assemble the switch back (the switch itself is small and will fit in the recess for the switch without any problems) and connect it with the remote control. There are a lot of possibilities for use: in the family Small child, which does not reach the switch, or you don’t want to fumble along the wall in a dark room to find the switch. There are also more advanced switches that allow you to control not only turning the light on and off, but also the brightness of the lamps.

Creating a smart home at the renovation stage - theory and implementation

So, you are renovating your apartment and want to integrate a smart home into it. The first thing you need to decide is the communication bus, in other words, how the devices will communicate with each other. It is worth considering that when choosing one bus, you will have to buy devices that are compatible with it in the future. If the device is designed to work with another bus, it will not work for you.

One of the most popular buses is the KNX bus, which grew out of the much older EIB. Supports quite a lot of data transfer options:

  • Twisted pair - special cable with a fixed transmission rate of 9600 bps.
  • Power line, baud rate 1200 bps, initially only over 230 V, 50 Hz.
  • IP network (EIB.net) - e.g. Ethernet
  • Radio channel - two frequency windows of 868 and 433 MHz are used for exchange.
The principle of information transfer is simple: transmission is carried out by modulating the voltage in the network, and a logical zero is sent in the form of a pulse, with an amplitude of approximately ±6 V. The absence of a pulse is interpreted as a logical one. Telegrams (commands) are sent in packets of 8 information bytes. The transfer is synchronized by start and stop bits. There is a parity bit (a control bit to check the integrity of the packet).

The CSMA/CA method is used to resolve telegram collisions in the network. This method guarantees random, problem-free access of devices to the bus, without significantly reducing its maximum bandwidth. This ensures that messages with the highest priority are transmitted first.

In order for the system to work, it is necessary not only to install the devices and connect them with the necessary cables to each other and to the power network, but also to program the devices using software ETS. Before loading, the following operations must be performed: assign individual physical addresses to devices, select and configure (parameterize) application programs devices, create a structure of group addresses and combine communication objects on them, taking one object in the sensor and another in the actuator.

Devices located in the KNX network are divided into 3 categories:
  1. Sensors are devices that generate control commands (switches, light, humidity, temperature sensors, timers, etc.). These devices record ongoing external events and, depending on the type of event, send commands to certain actuators (for example, the temperature in the room has dropped below a preset 20 degrees - the temperature sensor sends a signal to turn on the heating).
  2. Actuators are devices that execute sensor commands: various regulators and relay modules. They change their state (on-off, open-closed, etc.) in accordance with commands coming from sensors, thereby controlling various electrical equipment.
  3. System devices - power supplies, interface modules, bus connectors, repeaters and others, including panels and logical modules. System devices ensure the functionality and ability to configure the KNX network.
The system itself is both decentralized (sensors and actuators can exchange data directly, without the participation of an additional controller) and centralized (there is a control controller).

Network topology

The term network topology refers to the way devices are connected into a network. The KNX bus supports 3 main topologies:

  • For simple systems Line (or bus) topology is used. It involves connecting devices in series. It is also possible to create branches and connections at one point - this topology is called Star. A maximum of 64 devices can be installed per line segment. One line can have up to 4 segments. The downside is that if the line breaks, the entire network stops working.
  • If there are more devices, then the Area topology is recommended. With this topology, line number 0 becomes the main line of the area, and up to 15 additional lines can be connected to it.
  • The most complex "tree" topology is implemented when areas are connected using a backbone line. There can be up to 15 such areas. Thus, the maximum number of devices on the network can reach 58,000.
Schematically, these topologies look like this:

KNX control systems for Smart Home

3 (60%) 3 votes

Probably everyone has wondered how it is possible to get the maximum benefit from modern technologies: Internet, mobile communications, various circuits, server equipment and buses. Some people cannot imagine their life without modern conveniences: microwave ovens, toasters, electric kettles. Moreover, this list can be continued indefinitely - every day something new is invented that could be included in this list. It is precisely such innovations that the “Smart Home” refers to.

Operating principle of the Smart Home system

What is "Smart Home"

Imagine for a second that all your equipment in your house/apartment is fully automated and can perform all its functions without human intervention. A set of controllers and sensors does all the work for you, and you only need to pre-configure them using the program. Sensors and controllers can respond to thermal energy and movement. The simplest comparison that can be made is in this case- alarms that work using motion sensors and respond to touches. However, in a “Smart Home” everyone wants to achieve maximum automation of their household and computer equipment, while applying minimal amount efforts to manage them.

You can program your system so that it will predict when the heating will turn on and off, thereby significantly reducing utility costs.

How to create your own Smart Home

Before your Smart Home gets to work, you need to develop own project, according to which sensors and controllers will be placed in the area you specify. Most systems of this type require a certain level of programming and electronics knowledge. Experience with relatively similar systems is also required. In this regard, we recommend choosing equipment as much as possible simple plan, which will help you manage your Smart Home. In other words - completely adapted for a novice user.

KNX equipment is perfect for you, especially if your goal is to become a professional in designing, programming and adapting a Smart Home.

Smart Home project where sensors and controllers will be located

What is KNX

KNX produces advanced automation systems. Using standards, KNX occupies the most honorable place among analogue manufacturers. If you are serious about designing a “Smart Home,” you should under no circumstances bypass professional-level systems such as KNX.

KNX has a convincing and unconditional professional development. Their standards build on the early development of EIB bus technology. EIB is an obsolete name, but continues to be used to this day. You can often hear the designation EIB/KNX used. The EIB protocol is considered based on network model OSI. It is decentralized and event-driven. The EIB network is implemented in a variety of data transmission areas by supporting standard protocol. One of the reasons for EIB's continued success is the ETS software concept (EIB Tool Software). Officially, only by purchasing the ETS program can you obtain EIB Partner status for a company that uses EIB products in its projects.

First of all, the advantage of the KNX standard is reliability. The main components of KNX systems are connected to each other by certain cables. On top of that, there is a packet acknowledgment mechanism that resends packets if the first command did not cause the desired action. Competing companies use a radio channel that excludes the possibility resend packages. This method is considered much less reliable. There are also even more unreliable models. However, we will treat their use correctly and pay tribute to quality manufacturers, proven devices and equipment.

KNX "Smart Home"

How the KNX Smart Home system works

All KNX network components are divided into 3 main subgroups:

The first consists of devices with the help of which control commands are generated. These include:

  • switches;
  • control panels;
  • various sensors;
  • timers;
  • measuring instruments of physical quantities.

KNX controller

The last subgroup is additional system devices presented by:

  • power supplies;
  • repeaters;
  • logical modules;
  • interfaces that allow communication with the outside world.

The KNX network is decentralized. Activators with sensors have direct data exchange without the participation of any additional equipment/controller.

Managing home systems using KNX

It is worth noting that the KNX standard includes as many as 4 data transmission media:

  • separate bus (twisted pair);
  • electrical wiring;
  • radio channel;
  • IP network.

Separate bus type data transfer is the most common. It allows you to use various options network topology and can combine many devices located at an impressive distance from each other. Linear topology - this is what the simplest segment is wired network KNX. The longest line length is 1 kilometer, but with the help of special amplifiers this length can increase by about 3-4 times. Each segment must have an individual power supply. The “main line” can combine 15 such lines, thereby forming a “zone”. Typically, zones have the ability to communicate with each other using a trunk line. Up to 15 zones are quite capable of maintaining such communication among themselves.

Scheme of constructing a distribution bus for a Smart Home

Smart Home Programming

You may ask: “So how do you manage such a complex structure as a Smart Home?” The process is simplified many times after programming the control controller. The nuances of programming the controller will be determined by the types of devices connected to it and their number. After going through this seemingly labor-intensive process, you can easily learn how to manage your smart home, no matter how complex the system it is.

Using programmed controllers is easy, comfortable and accessible to everyone:

  • the whole house can be controlled using only 1 panel base;
  • a seemingly simple type of controller can solve the most necessary tasks functioning of home equipment;
  • multitasking your Smart Home will no longer be a problem, since the programmed controller is ideal for non-standard large quantity tasks.

Controlling a “Smart Home” using only 1 panel base

Smart Home Management

You can easily manage your energy-saving system by turning off unnecessary loads and, if necessary, switching high energy consumption equipment to use less. This way you can easily reduce energy costs and reduce your monthly payment for housing services.

When you are not at home, you will not have to worry about checking electrical appliances, since you yourself will be able to control the switching on and off of all household appliances while you are in the house.

For people who constantly need to go on business trips and who fear for the safety of their home, such equipment is perfect. In the Smart Home system, you can set up an imitation of your presence by controlling the lighting (automated turning on the lights in the evenings), sounds, turning on the TV, simulating the barking of a dog.

Heating and electricity control using KNX

Are you a busy person and need to manage every little thing in the house without your presence, or do you just want to relax after a hard day at work? Then you simply must include in your project a system for turning the fan in the specified direction or, for example, activating a dryer using a remote control. This way, you will be able to manage household activities that you previously did on your own while away from home.


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