Clock timer connection diagram. Timer connection diagram

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Light timers or time relays are devices that automatically turn on lighting at programmed times. Light timers help to avoid various hassles of controlling the lighting, such as:

The lights in the aquarium were not turned on in time, causing algae and fish to suffer.
The lighting in the entrance of the house is turned on unnecessarily day and night.
The lighting in the garden plot is not turned on after sunset, although electricity is provided in the garden.

Such smart devices are necessary for humans because they create comfort for life and save energy. They are made in the form of plastic monoblocks with a panel on the front side of which there are controls. Timers are divided according to their properties.

Typical Timer Differences

According to the principle of operation, light timers are divided into:

Electromechanical.
Electronic.

By period of work:

Universal light timers.
Random switching.
Counting down time.
Astronomical.
Weekly.
Daily allowance.

By installation method:

Stationary, mounting in a panel, box or on a DIN rail.

According to working conditions:

Protection class from the external environment.
Rated power of connected consumers.

Timer properties

Electronic relay

Light timers controlled by a microprocessor. Programming is carried out using buttons located on the front panel. The parameter values are shown on the LCD display; the power source is a battery or battery.

The advantages of an electronic relay are:

A wide range of modifications to suit any requirements regarding operating interval, installation method and operating conditions.
Visibility of certain parameters.
Recording the program into memory when the device is turned off.
Increased accuracy of readings.
Creation of small switching ranges, up to 60 seconds.

Disadvantages include the complex creation of programs and problems that arise when the battery fails.

To control lighting they use electronic relays.

Electromechanical relay

This device with a time reading mechanism operates using a synchronous motor connected to the power supply. It is used for weekly and daily work frequency. Programming the timer involves controlling the graduated wheel and levers located on the front panel.

There are light timers: stationary, which are installed on a rail or in an installation box, as well as socket type.

If the smallest switching range and accuracy in seconds are not important, then a simple electromechanical type timer model would be the best choice.

Dignity Electromechanical timers can be called easy to set up. But in comparison with electronic samples, such models are inferior in parameters:

Increased smallest switching range, up to 15 minutes.
Low precision.
The program crashed due to the lack of an additional power source.

A common failure of this model is a malfunction of the adjusting wheel due to wear of the gear teeth. To eliminate the cause, the help of a qualified specialist is required.

Types of light timers

When choosing a time-based light switching device, it is necessary to calculate the periods and operating range of the timer. Electronic models are used in their areas of work, and for specific conditions, electromechanical timer devices may be better suited, taking into account their disadvantages and advantages.

Daily timers

Daily relays are designed to determine the order of switching lighting devices over a daily period, that is, at the same time every day. They are convenient for turning on the lighting of an aquarium at a certain time, lighting a video camera, turning off neon advertising, and starting the lighting of an evening fountain in the park.

The main disadvantage of the daily timer is that the time of sunsets and sunrises is constantly changing, this requires constant adjustment of the mechanism to different times. And this creates discomfort and inconvenience at work. If you do not rebuild the timer, then after some time the relay will give significant errors in the turn-on time. For example, lamps will turn on when this is not required, when there is still a sufficient level of illumination.

Weekly timers

It is often necessary to switch the lighting on a certain day of the week. For example, it is necessary to turn off the premises of a production workshop and turn on the security alarm on Friday one hour earlier than other days. A daily timer is not suitable for such tasks.

The operating cycle is drawn up for a 7-day program, the process is repeated every week. For such tasks, timers with electronic filling are mainly used. Depending on the model, they differ in the number of memory cells and the method for determining the number of parameters.

If you create the same program for a weekly relay for every day, then its operation will correspond to the daily timer.

Astronomical timers for controlling lighting devices

When the duration of daylight changes due to seasonality, it is better to adjust the connection time of the lighting equipment. For such tasks, it is optimal to use an astronomical timer, which takes into account the length of daylight in different periods of the year. The actual cycle of the operating program for the astronomical timer model is one year.

Countdown timers

Such models of timers are used mainly in the entrances of houses so that the lighting is not constantly on and, at the same time, a person entering the entrance in the dark does not look for steps without light and does not experience discomfort.

When a person enters the entrance, he turns on the light, the countdown timer starts, and turns off the light automatically after a programmed time range without human intervention. This is an economical solution, with comfort for people.

Random light timer

This timer is designed to create security for unattended homes. When the owners of the house are not present, the presence effect is set on the timer. The random light switching timer is designed to cope with this task. Its design has a built-in random variable generator, which randomly turns on and off the lights in different rooms with different arbitrary time ranges, creating the effect of the presence of the owners of the house.

Universal light timers

If the customer needs to use several different functions, then the optimal choice would be a universal timer model. It combines the functions of seasonally changing the order of switching on with the function of turning off the light after a certain short interval of time.

These types of devices are more expensive and more difficult to operate and configure. There is no need to chase a large number of software functions; it is better to choose what you need.

Installation of timers

When choosing a timekeeping device, it is necessary to determine the goals and tasks that it should perform, and the method of installing the device.

Socket type relay

Using a relay to connect to a socket is possible with lighting devices with a standard 220 volt AC home network plug.

The advantages of these timers include:

Installation without auxiliary wiring.
Portable, can be moved to any outlet.
Small dimensions, compactness.
Easy to operate and easy to install.

But they are not suitable for controlling the lighting of an entire apartment and will not be able to provide greater power to consumers. For such purposes, there are other programmable models of sockets, for example, with WI-FI.

Stationary time relays

If it is necessary to create control of the general lighting of the entire house or enterprise, and not of individual devices, then choose light timers for stationary purposes.

They are installed in a special box or on the distribution board rail. This installation requires additional effort compared to the socket type, and also requires material costs. But the advantages outweigh the disadvantages: unity of control is achieved and the ability to supply high-power consumers in the system is achieved.

Permissible lighting power

When connecting a timer to operation, you must follow the rule of total power. In total, it should not exceed the power of the lighting timer. The required parameters are indicated in the instructions for the equipment, or indicated on the information plate.

Protective function of the timer from the external environment

Exposure to environmental factors such as dust, water and other factors adversely affects the operation of the timer. The IP protection class must be selected according to the operating conditions.

Timer selection

Before choosing a timer, first determine the goals you want to achieve. In accordance with the goals and objectives, the required functionality of the device and its accuracy during operation are determined.

You should not choose a device that has a lot of functions if you do not need it; you do not need an astronomical timer when working with a home aquarium, which has a daily lighting cycle, and on and off ranges of about 30 minutes. Check the power of the timer; it should not be less than the power of the lighting devices. The degree of protection is also needed in a way that will satisfy the operating conditions.

A device that is triggered upon expiration of a designated time interval is called a time relay - the device is widely used in electrical engineering, electrical engineering, and electronics. Thanks to its use in circuit solutions, it is possible to implement more flexible control functions for various equipment and devices.

Depending on the design and operating principle of the device, electrical circuits of varying complexity can be organized.

We suggest you understand what types of time relays exist, what are their specific features of operation and application. The theoretical material is supplemented with practical recommendations for connecting and setting up a temporary control device.

Electronic devices are represented by a variety of designs, so the principle of the time relay design should be considered taking into account each design variation separately.

This is what one of the many time relay designs looks like. In essence, the device resembles an ordinary switch, the action of which, however, is tied to the cycle of time.

From the point of view of the actions performed, electromagnetic, pneumatic, electronic structures and clockwork devices are used in practice.

Option #1: electromagnetic devices

Devices that support the electromagnetic principle of operation are generally designed to operate exclusively in DC-powered circuits.

Design of the REV-814 electromagnetic time relay: 1 – fixed contact assembly; 2 – bracket; 3 – damper mechanism made of copper; 4 – square; 5 – main circuit winding core; 6 – anchor; 7 – movable armature contacts

The time response range is usually 0.07 - 0.11 seconds when turned on and 0.5 - 1.4 seconds when turned off. The design of such time relays contains two working windings, one of which is a short-circuited circuit in the form of a copper ring.

When electric current passes through the main winding, an increase in magnetic flux is observed. This flux forms the current of the short-circuited winding, due to which the increase in the magnetic flux of the main winding is limited.

As a result, a time characteristic of the armature movement of the actuator is formed or, in other words, a time delay for switching on is created.

For example, thanks to the device, the following opportunities open up:

switch lighting systems at a given time;
start or stop process equipment;
activate/deactivate security systems.

The device is small in size and has several functional control keys. Using the system keyboard, the user can easily configure (program) it.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

The video discusses the possibility of using a modular device, where there are two independent time-switching devices. The scheme provides for turning on two household appliances, setting their operation in time intervals and other functions.

Of course, all existing modifications of time relays cannot be covered in one modest review. To consider the entire range of devices, you would need to write an entire book. Actually, reference books on different types of timers are available, and if you wish, you can always find the necessary information.

Do you have anything to add, or do you have any questions about the operation, selection, connection and configuration of a time relay? You can leave comments on the publication and participate in discussions. The contact form is located in the lower block.

A timer is a device that performs switching switches in electrical circuits at certain time intervals pre-specified by the user. In other words, the timer controls various loads according to a specific schedule, in a given automation mode.

The purpose of timers can be very different; they are widely used in industry and in the domestic sphere. The design and operating principles allow them to be classified as electronic or digital, as well as electromechanical and mechanical. Electronic models are most widespread due to their accuracy and stability in operation. They have a very wide range of time adjustments and the ability to carry out a large number of on and off cycles built into the program.

Timer connection options

The connection diagram for the electronic model timer can be made in two main versions. It is most convenient to consider these schemes using the example of the domestic IEK timer, which is widespread in various fields. This model runs on microprocessors, has a liquid crystal display and can be programmed using buttons. The rated load current for this device is 16, which allows it to freely control most household loads.

The specified switching is carried out using relays and contacts Nos. 3, 4, 5. The voltage to power the timer is supplied through separate terminals Nos. 1 and 2. Switching contacts allow you to perform operations with loads not only with simple actions, but also to simultaneously close or open another electrical circuit.

Using timers in practice

The scope of application of the device is expanding significantly. This is especially evident when organizing the lighting of areas with large areas, where lighting can be carried out in turn, in small areas. That is, when some lamps are turned on, others will automatically turn off.

The same is done in various living spaces, simulating the presence of the owners of the house. In this case, the lights turn on in turn in different rooms at certain intervals. This timer connection scheme allows you to highly effectively prevent illegal entry into your home.

In addition, separate electrical power supply to the load and the timer allows you to connect almost any device, up to one operating at 380 volts, while maintaining the required time intervals.

Time relay- universally used devices, both for domestic purposes and at large industrial enterprises. The devices are produced of mechanical type, which are of the simplest design, and electronic, equipped with complex user-programmable control systems.

Scope of application

Time relay is a device designed to turn on/off devices and control processes at a certain period of time.

Such equipment is quite often used in industry to control production processes without human intervention. Relays are no less often used in everyday life. It can be used for systematic watering, turning on lighting at certain times, etc.

Types and classification

Devices such as time relays are divided into:

block;
modular;
built-in

Block ones are distinguished by the specific installation process, which requires individual power supply from the network. Built-in ones do not require a separate power supply, as they are most often used as auxiliary elements in more complex circuits. Modular time relays are also not connected to a separate power line. Modular relays are mounted on a DIN rail.

Time relays can also be:

electromagnetic;
pneumatic;
electronic;
motor.

Electronic or electromagnetic relays are mainly used for household use. This is explained by the fact that they are as efficient as possible, and their cost is low and affordable for any consumer.

Advantages and disadvantages of the device

Electronic relays have the advantage that they perform their functions with high precision. The only negative qualities that can be noted are that they require precision in programming; the time interval that can be set is significantly less than that of electromechanical ones. It is also worth noting the fairly high cost.

The main advantages of electromagnetic relays are their low price; they do not require constant maintenance, regular programming, or changing settings. The disadvantage of such devices is their limited service life, as well as not very good operation with direct current.

Operating principle

The operating principle of a time relay is as follows.

Since these are devices that count time, each of them has a timer that is set for a certain period. Therefore, it is necessary to set the timer for the required on or off time. The timer is built into the front of the device. Depending on the specified characteristics, this device will turn off the power supply and turn it on at a certain time. This cycle will continue until the relay is switched to rest.

A time relay, regardless of its design and characteristics, can be set from one second to 999 hours.

Specifications

All devices that are used in the electrical network must have their characteristics consistent with its parameters, that is, the conditions under which their operation will be stable must be met.

Regardless of the type and specific model, time relays are characterized by the following parameters:

the voltage at which this device will operate stably;
switching current, which determines the control current of the device;
wear resistance, determined by the number of switches on or off and is more suitable for electromagnetic relays;
type of protection;
number of contacts;
device power, indicating the maximum load this device can switch without connecting a contactor.

Based on these data, you can select a device with the required characteristics for certain parameters of the serviced electrical network.

How to read labels

When labeling such devices, manufacturers try to simplify readability as much as possible. The manufacturer and model of the device are initially indicated on the case. The voltage suitable for normal operation of the device is also indicated. In most cases it is 220 V.

It is also marked for what magnitude and type of current (direct or alternating) the device is suitable for operation. The appliance must also indicate the maximum load current for the particular appliance.

Almost all time relays have terminal markings and a designation for zero and phase connections.

Manufacturer analysis

Timing relays are manufactured by many manufacturers with factories located throughout the world. The table below shows the most popular models in our country, indicating the manufacturers and type of device mounting.

Time relay connection diagrams

No complex circuits are used to connect the time relay. When installing it, it is important to know what load it will switch.

The connection diagram presented above is used in most cases for home use. This scheme ensures stable operation of the device. The only drawback is that the time relay can only be connected to one line with a small load. For example, street lighting or watering the lawn.

A circuit with a contactor is used in cases where it is necessary to disconnect a more powerful load. Its use in everyday life can also be often found. In it, the role of a switching device for a more powerful load is played by a contactor. Such a circuit can control, for example, the operation of an asynchronous motor. It is also used if it is necessary to switch a more powerful load using a low-power time relay.

The time relay can also be connected in a three-phase network. The diagram presented above clearly demonstrates this. It is used in places with three-phase voltage. The main switching device is a contactor, which is controlled by a time relay.

Modern realities require a person to maintain a high pace of life. In many ways, this can be helped by devices that can measure the required time. Thanks to them, you can water the lawn on time, adjust the lights, or control various electrical appliances at home and on an industrial scale.

These mechanisms are usually called time relays. They are devices that can turn on or off the necessary equipment or control the functioning of mechanisms. Such devices are indispensable if you need to do something after a certain period of time.

Types of time relays

Today, the industry produces a large assortment of time relays, and the choice of a specific instance depends only on your needs and capabilities. When selecting a suitable time relay, first of all, it is important to think about a suitable design solution.

There are a number of different time relay designs:

Monoblock - is an independent device. It has its own power supply and separate inputs where the load is connected.
Built-in time relay is a simpler analogue of a block device. Does not have its own body. There is also no food available. Using such devices, you can construct a more functional device by combining them into a single whole.
A modular type time relay is a kind of monoblock, usually mounted on a DIN rail in an electrical panel.

The time relay is also classified according to the method of forming the time interval. There are cyclic and intermediate time relays.

Intermediate time relays make it possible to delay the generation of a signal for the required period. Moreover, this type of relay is equipped with a clock or anchor mechanism, or can be motor, pneumatic, electromagnetic or electronic.

Time relays with a clock or anchor device were pioneers in this area. Photos of time relays operating due to the winding of a spring can be found not only in museums. This type of relay still exists today and has earned a reputation as the most reliable device. These relays are used, for example, in mechanically wound alarm clocks and kitchen timers.

Motor time relays, which are a mechanism equipped with a synchronous motor, have become widespread. This type of time relay is suitable when it is necessary to count the operating hours of an electric generator in order to carry out all the procedures necessary for the operation of the equipment on time.

Pneumatic relays make adjustments by changing the volume of air supplied. They are useful in the processes of automating the operation of various equipment, for example, a metal-cutting machine.

In the acceleration and deceleration control circuits of the electric drive, an electromagnetic relay is used, where the signal supply is adjusted by using an additional short-circuited turn on the coil.

But the most popular among all types of time relays are electronic relays, which allow the generation of a signal to be delayed not only for a fraction of a second, but even for several years. They are distinguished by high accuracy, ensured by quartz frequency stabilization and time synchronization with an external clock via radio and the Internet.

At the same time, the capabilities of modern microelectronics make it easy to set any operating algorithm and receive feedback. At the same time, the dimensions of the device and power consumption are minimal and do not affect its autonomy.

Why is a time relay needed?

The purpose of a time relay varies depending on its functionality and technical features. Thus, an electromagnetic relay, which allows a one-second switch-on delay, is used in electrical control panels for the start of high-power electric motors.

Housewives use a completely different type of relay to turn off household electrical appliances at the required time interval.

You can control the lighting on/off throughout the whole week by programming an electronic timer. A number of devices used in working with street lighting, through the execution of a program, are able to monitor fluctuations in the level of natural light throughout the day.

Digital programmable time relays mounted on a DIN rail in electrical panels will help create the effect of people being inside the home.

A cyclic time relay makes it possible to ventilate the internal space at set time intervals. And by adding sensors to the system that measure temperature and humidity, you can organize comfortable maintenance of objects such as a greenhouse or greenhouse.

How does a time relay work?

The principle of operation of a time relay is similar to the operation of a conventional relay, where the contact group ensures that the device operates.

Analog relays are distinguished by the presence of a clock mechanism that controls the contacts. Inside digital relays there is an electromagnetic coil that receives current to fix the magnetic armature using an electronic timer.

The operating procedure of analog relays is comparable to the method of setting an alarm in a mechanically wound watch. The mechanically installed cuckoo pops up clearly demonstrates the daily cyclical functioning of the programmed relay.

All electronic and many analog devices use a quartz-based pulse generator to detect the passage of time. The generated signals are taken into account in a mechanical or electronic counting device.

It is set to a certain number. Once the number is reached, some programmed action is carried out. At the same time, the counter is set to zero, and a new countdown of incoming pulses to the programmed number begins.

Methods for connecting a time relay

How to connect the load to the time relay depends solely on the device model itself. In particular, combination devices usually have a plug. Accordingly, a standard outlet is used to provide power.

If we consider electronic timers that are designed in the form of modules and mounted on a DIN rail, then the terminals can be located completely differently, which is determined by the manufacturer and the purpose of the device itself.

Nevertheless, in almost all mechanisms of this type there is a separation of switching contacts and timer power circuits. In any case, the time relay connection diagram is usually shown on some element of the device body itself.

Thus, before purchasing this device, in order to decide which time relay is best, you should first of all evaluate your needs for the functionality of the device and weigh your financial capabilities.

If you need an inexpensive device, choose a simple monoblock timer. If you need to manage a complex automated system, a modular option with DIN rail mounting is more suitable. And if you are interested in more advanced devices, then you should focus on programmable relays.

In any case, modern time relays will turn out to be a convenient and practical mechanism that will help you establish autonomous operation of the necessary equipment.