Solutions to problems that arise during processor operation. Problems accessing the NTLDR file
My computer is broken, what should I do? Sooner or later, this question is asked by users who have encountered problems with their computer. Unfortunately, each of us has encountered a situation where a computer breaks down when it is needed most. Power failures, equipment failure, viruses and malware, hacker attacks - these and many other problems can be a consequence of a computer malfunction or breakdown.
Computer problems are usually divided into two main ones. These are software problems associated with malfunctions of the operating system or programs, and hardware problems associated with malfunctions and failure of computer equipment. In any of these cases, computer repair is required. Let's look at the most common computer problems.
Problems starting your computer
The computer does not turn on, there is no response to pressing the computer power button.
- check the power cord from the outlet or surge protector to the computer
- connect the computer's power directly without using a surge protector
- Some power supplies have a toggle switch on the back. Make sure it is set to on (input)
- Motherboards have a voltage supply indicator that signals when voltage is supplied to it. Remove the left side cover of the computer and check if this indicator lights up. If not, you should first replace the power supply with a new one.
Problems booting your computer
When the computer boots, the contents of the desktop are not displayed. By the way, I recently repaired my computer in Rublyovka and had the same problem.
- The system boots, but its contents are not displayed on the desktop, as well as the taskbar and the start menu item
- consequences of an operating system failure; possible modification of registry keys as a result of viruses and malware. There are times when such situations arise after installing certain programs on the computer.
- You should press Ctrl+Alt+Del, go to the task manager, select file-new task/execute, enter the command explorer.exe and click OK. If, as a result of this procedure, the contents of the desktop are displayed, check the computer for viruses and the registry keys for their validity. If a failure occurs after installing a program, remove it. Or try to copy important data to removable media and call computer technician
- if there is no result, you should restart the computer, boot from boot disk and check the system for viruses. Check the registry keys responsible for displaying and loading the desktop shell
Blue screen or "screen of death" when starting the computer
- Possible causes and solutions:
- appeared when booting the computer blue screen on the STOP inscription and error codes. The system does not respond to pressing any keys
- The reason for the appearance of a “blue screen” can be many factors: incorrect driver installation/update, power surges, improper shutdown of the computer, power supply failure, hardware failure (RAM, CPU, VGA, etc.), system overheating (HDD, CPU, etc.) .P.)
- First of all, write down all error codes on paper. Often they can be used to find out/guess the possible cause of a malfunction.
- Try restarting your computer by pressing the reset key. While loading, periodically press the F8 key. From the list that appears, select the option "Download latest successful configuration". If the result is the same, perform this operation again, selecting the boot option in "Safe Mode"
- If the problem is not resolved in this way, it is better to call a computer technician to full diagnostics and identifying the cause of the problem.
The computer randomly restarts
The computer reboots spontaneously during operation and freezes
Possible causes and solutions:
- Go to My Computer - Properties - Advanced - Boot and Recovery - Settings and uncheck the box to reboot automatically. When a blue screen appears, rewrite the error codes
- one of possible problems is the processor overheating, hard drive, video cards. It is necessary to check the temperature sensors.
- , fans, radiators from dust, replace thermal paste on the processor
- check your computer for viruses
Like
Like
Tweet
If you don't find the solution you need here, ask a question at VKontakte group, I will try to help.
General issues
The computer slows down and freezes. What to do?
There are many reasons for a computer to slow down. To begin with, we should exclude the most obvious ones - we check for viruses using.
Also make sure you have the most installed fresh drivers. For example, if games slow down, then perhaps the reason is in the video driver. I talked in detail about the drivers
The reason for the brakes may also be running programs. I advise you to clean your startup. Also pay attention to the lower right corner of the screen - near the clock there are icons of some running programs, close them.
Another good advice speeding up your computer - .
The program throws an error. How to fix it?
Very frequently asked question. Unfortunately, users do not understand that the question is not addressed to a telepath. When asked Necessarily you must indicate the verbatim text of the error, actions that led to the error, version installed operating system.
Typically, searching for the text of the error on Google will yield several solutions to the problem.
How to speed up your computer?
The tips are the same as when slowing down a computer. There are several articles on my website dedicated to.
Are there programs to speed up your computer?
Answer - No. There is only a set that allows the full potential of the computer's computing power to be revealed. All kinds of accelerators are, if not a lie, then obvious deceit. There are no miracles. To make your computer run faster, install faster components.
The computer restarts while playing games. What to do?
There are many reasons. The most common:
- Overheating -
- Incorrectly working driver (about reinstalling the driver).
- Hardware problem. It can be detected by inserting the video card into another computer - if there is a reboot, the reason is that the video card is broken. Or, again, it's overheating, so check for overheating first.
The computer restarts on its own. How to solve this problem?
Most probable cause - BSOD. What is it and how to solve it, read
It could also be overheating (see question above).
Less common reasons for a computer to shut down spontaneously:
- short circuit of any connectors;
- a loose cord running from the outlet to the system unit;
- lack of grounding (yes, in addition to the phase and neutral available in the sockets, it is highly advisable to connect a normal ground to the computer);
- voltage surges in the electrical network (a stabilizer is needed);
- power supply failure or motherboard.
The latter is difficult to diagnose at home. If you have ruled out all other causes, take it to a service center for diagnostics.
The computer shows a blue screen with white text. What is this?
The computer is overheating. What to do?
What to do if there is no sound?
Most likely, the driver for sound card. My installation advice is
Administrator rights are required to copy files to a flash drive. What to do?
The easiest way is to format the flash drive in FAT32 and the problem will disappear. When you need to transfer files larger than 4 GB each to a flash drive - .
Windows-related issues
How to install Windows 8?
Where to download Windows 8?
How to install Windows 7?
Where to download Windows 7?
How much RAM does Windows 7 need?
Minimum - 512 MB. Of course, the more, the better. More about system Windows requirements 7
How to create a USB flash drive with Windows installation?
To install Windows from a flash drive, you need to prepare it. The instructions apply to both Windows 7 and Windows 8.
How to boot from a boot disk or flash drive?
How to install two or more Windows on one computer?
You need to install Windows on different sections of hard disk or different hard disks. Read more about this There are a lot of instructions on this topic on the Internet.
What to do if Windows updates won't download?
Usually an error code is reported. Type it into Google - most likely there is already a solution.
Virus protection, security
Where can I download a free antivirus?
Programs
Where can I download interesting programs?
List convenient catalogs programs are located
Which programs can be removed and which cannot?
It all depends on the needs - both yours and the laptops. Come in Control Panel - Programs and Features, see the list. If any of installed programs unknown to you, type its name into Google or Yandex. Knowing its purpose, you can decide whether to delete it or not.
How to clean your computer from unnecessary files?
For this there is good program.
The program requires administrator rights. What to do?
Right-click on the program shortcut/file - Run as administrator. Why is this necessary and how to simplify it, it is written
The virus deleted files from the flash drive. How to recover?
Most easy way- using a free program. However, it is quite possible that the files were not deleted, but were simply hidden. How to “return” them and how to simplify this process, I told in.
How to format a flash drive?
Browsers
Websites in Google Chrome require you to update Flash Player, although the latest one is already installed. What to do?
Open the page chrome://plugins/, click on the right More details, then turn everything off Flash Player's, except the most new version(you will see by the numbers which version is the latest).
Linux Questions
Should I try installing Linux?
In my opinion, this is more than necessary. Even if not a single distribution from the Linux family suits you (Ubuntu, Kubuntu, Mint, Mandriva, Debian, Fedora, ALT Linux, etc.), you will gain experience and your own opinion.
There are many distributions (assemblies, in other words) of Linux. Most often, novice users choose a distribution that is not suitable for their tasks, end up with a negative opinion and forget about Linux as if it were a bad dream. In fact, there are a great many distributions for a wide range of tasks. Distributions differ in literally everything - from the kernel version to the set of installed programs. Externally, the interface also varies greatly due to different “desktop environments”: some like Gnome, others KDE, others XFCE or Openbox, IceWM...
To begin with, check whether there is a primary power supply of ~220V at the input of the power supply unit (PSU). The reason for the absence may be a break, malfunction of the plug, socket, surge protector or source uninterruptible power supply, if you use them. In addition, on the back of most power supplies there is a primary power switch - it may be turned off or faulty.When submitting primary nutrition at the exit +5VSB(purple wire) of the power supply there should be voltage +5V, even when the computer is turned off. You can check with a tester on the contacts of the power supply connector (pin 9 with wire purple- +5VSB). Very often, the motherboard has an LED indicating the presence of standby voltage. If it glows, it means there is both primary and standby power.
If the computer still does not turn on, then possible reasons may be as follows:
- open circuit in the power button circuit. To check, you can use tweezers to close the power supply contacts on the motherboard or short the contacts of the power supply connector with the green wires (ON, sometimes designated as PS_ON, pin 16) and any contact with the black wire (GND, sometimes designated as COM).
- short circuit at the output of the power supply. Try turning off the power to all peripheral devices, removing all adapters from the slots, disconnecting all USB devices. Also try disconnecting the 4-8 pin CPU power connector +12V Power Connector on the motherboard.
- faulty power supply or motherboard. If only the motherboard is connected to the power supply connector, but the power still does not turn on, it is most likely that the power supply is faulty. A motherboard malfunction leading to the inability to turn on the computer's power supply is theoretically possible, but in practice it is extremely rare. To check, you can try turning on the power supply without connecting the connector to the motherboard. To do this, you need some kind of load connected to it, for example a CD-ROM. Close the contacts of the green PS ON conductor (pin 16 of the power supply connector) and any of the contacts of the black GND conductor (circuit ground). If the power supply turns on, the motherboard is faulty.
Wiring for a 24-pin ATX power supply connector (ATX12V) with wire ratings and color coding
| Comte | Designation | Color | Description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3.3V | Orange | +3.3 VDC | |
| 2 | 3.3V | Orange | +3.3 VDC | |
| 3 | COM | Black | Earth | |
| 4 | 5V | Red | +5 VDC | |
| 5 | COM | Black | Earth | |
| 6 | 5V | Red | +5 VDC | |
| 7 | COM | Black | Earth | |
| 8 | PWR_OK | Grey | Power Ok - All voltages are within normal limits. This signal is generated when the power supply is turned on and is used to reset the system board. |
|
| 9 | 5VSB | Violet | +5 VDC Standby voltage | |
| 10 | 12V | Yellow | +12 VDC | |
| 11 | 12V | Yellow | +12 VDC | |
| 12 | 3.3V | Orange | +3.3 VDC | |
| 13 | 3.3V | Orange | +3.3 VDC | |
| 14 | -12V | Blue | -12 VDC | |
| 15 | COM | Black | Earth | |
| 16 | /PS_ON | Green | Power Supply On. To turn on the power supply you need to short-circuit this contact is to ground (with a black wire). |
|
| 17 | COM | Black | Earth | |
| 18 | COM | Black | Earth | |
| 19 | COM | Black | Earth | |
| 20 | -5V | White | -5 VDC (this voltage is used very rarely, mainly for powering old expansion cards.) |
|
| 21 | +5V | Red | +5 VDC | |
| 22 | +5V | Red | +5 VDC | |
| 23 | +5V | Red | +5 VDC | |
| 24 | COM | Black | Earth |
Schematic diagrams of computer power supplies can be found
If the fans are spinning, there are no beeps, the disk activity indicator does not light up, try to simplify the configuration as much as possible. Turn off the computer, remove all adapters from expansion slots, and disconnect all peripheral devices. If there are several memory modules, leave only one. Or delete them all. If after turning on the power you hear a characteristic squeak, the motherboard has started up. When the power is turned on, the BIOS self-test routine (Power On Self Test or POST) begins and beeps indicate an error detected. The interpretation of sound signals depends on the manufacturer and BIOS version. For example, the absence of a video adapter when performing the AWARD BIOS self-test will cause 1 long and 2 short signals, AMI BIOS of older versions will cause 8 short signals. For all BIOS versions used one short beep, if testing passed without errors, and the operating system loading stage begins. A description of the sound signals for a specific BIOS version can be found on the manufacturer's website.
You can use a special program. The program allows you to get a description of beep codes for the most common BIOS versions. English language.
If in minimal configuration If there are no sound signals, then the cause of the malfunction is the power supply, motherboard, or processor. Just in case, try resetting the settings BIOS installation
special jumper on the motherboard (Clear CMOS).
The cause of the malfunction is often swollen electrolytic capacitors in the processor power circuits on the motherboard.
When running the BIOS self-test program, available peripheral controllers are also polled and information about them is written to non-volatile memory (CMOS) - a special table called Desktop Management Interface (DMI) pool. The DMI table can be used by operating systems to determine the list of available devices, although in most cases, DMI information is not used at boot and the list is created by the operating system itself. software OS boot loader. However, the DMI table is always created (or checked) before the operating system boots. Typically, this process is accompanied by the message "Building DMI pool" or "Verifying DMI pool data". As a rule, the process of creating a DMI table lasts no more than a few seconds and, if after similar message, the download has not started, then the following options are possible:
The computer configuration has changed and the BIOS routine cannot interpret it correctly.
- any of the devices provides incorrect data about itself (faulty).
- DMI table written in non-volatile memory(CMOS) is damaged and cannot be created again (CMOS malfunction, dead battery, conflicting device, etc.).
- the BIOS subroutine itself is damaged (for example, during flashing)
Possible ways to solve the problem:
Reset the contents of CMOS (Clear CMOS Configuration) and load the optimal configuration (Load Setup Defaults, Load Optimal, etc.)
- reset the contents of the DMI buffer and force the self-test routine to recreate it. Usually this can be done using the BIOS setting allowing the item "Reset Configuration Data" ("Force Update ESCD", etc. - depends on the manufacturer)
- if the previous steps did not work, try to simplify the computer configuration as much as possible by disabling as many peripheral devices and integrated controllers as possible.
The download starts but ends with a reset and reboot.
Such system behavior is usually caused by a critical error, and the setting to perform an automatic reboot when it occurs. This mode is set by checking the box
Control Panel - System- tab " Additionally" - mode " " - mode " Perform automatic reboot"
With this setting, the "blue screen of death" ( B lue S creen O f D eath or BSOD) ends with an OS reboot. Which is undesirable, since there is no blue screen data to analyze the causes of the error.
In Windows XP and older, you can select the mode in the system boot loader menu Disable automatic reboot on system failure
When booting in this mode, you can analyze the blue screen of death data and determine the cause of the critical error.
Very often, this situation is caused by loading an old operating system after replacing the motherboard, or changing the operating mode of the hard drive controller in the BIOS settings. In detail, the practice of restoring Windows functionality in in this case described
If you installed new software or installed Windows updates, or other software that includes system services or drivers (antiviruses, firewalls, etc.), then it is possible that the problem is not faulty equipment, and in an emergency shutdown of the system due to incorrectly working system services or drivers. The most in a simple way System recovery in this case is to roll back its state to the time the restore point was created, when the problem did not yet exist. Point mechanism Windows recovery allows you to create and store for some time copies of the registry and important system files. Such copies are created periodically, or during major system changes, and in the vast majority of cases, a rollback to the point working condition will bring Windows back to life. But, main problem This method of system recovery is that you can run the Windows recovery tool (rstrui.exe utility) only in the environment of the OS itself, which does not boot due to the blue screen of death. However, if the recovery point data that is stored in subdirectories of the "System Volume Information" folder system disk, exist, the problem can be solved very simply by using a rescue disk MicroSoft Diagnostic and Recovery Toolset(MS DaRT), better known as ERD Commander(ERDC). Facilities disaster recovery ERDCs allow you to roll back your system in a few clicks and uninstall system updates quickly and easily. Even in cases where the recovery point data is substandard or cannot be used to its full extent, the problem can be resolved by using selective manual replacement of system files. For example, if Windows crashes with Stop code: 0xc0000218 (Registry File Failure), this means that the system and/or software files from the \windows\system32\config directory, which are registry keys, are most likely damaged
HKLM\SYSTEM and HKLM\SOFTWARE
Damage to files in other partitions (SAM, SECURITY, BCD) is less likely, since they are written to much less frequently and are much smaller in size. In addition, corruption of these files causes other system boot problems and is accompanied by other critical error messages. In this case, to restore the system, you can either perform a full rollback or manually copy the System (Software) hive file from the data control point. Details about methods for restoring Windows functionality using these restore points if the system cannot boot are described in the article
The computer turns on spontaneously.
Often, in technical forums the question is discussed - “Why does the computer turn on by itself when the supply voltage is applied?” The answer lies in ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface), a power management interface. It is sometimes also called the interface to access energy-saving hardware features. Part of this specification includes functions to turn on the computer's power when certain events occur.
The computer's power supply can be turned on not only by pressing the "POWER" button, but also when Power Management Events (PME), specified by the settings Motherboard BIOS fees. Such events can be the pressing of certain keys on the keyboard, specially generated ETHERNET frames, a signal generated by an internal timer, a signal when the primary voltage (220V) is supplied to the input of the power supply, etc.
The name and contents of the BIOS power management section vary depending on specific manufacturer and versions ("Power Management Setup", "ACPI Configuration", "Advanced Power Management Setup", etc.)
Below is an example of the settings of the "Power - APM Configuration" section of AMI BIOS v2.61:
Restore on AC Power Lost- behavior of the system in the event of a power failure. The value is Power Off - the system will remain off, Power On - the computer will turn on as soon as the power supply is restored. In other words, if this mode is enabled in the BIOS, when the primary voltage (220V) is supplied, the computer will turn on on its own, without pressing the POWER button
Power On By RTC Alarm- turning on the power supply according to the computer’s internal clock (analogous to an alarm clock).
Power On By External Modes- the power supply will be turned on when incoming call to an external modem connected to the serial port.
Power On By PCI (PCIE) Devices- allows the computer to be turned on from devices on the PCI (PCI-E) bus.
Power On By PS/2 Keyboard- allows turning on power from a keyboard connected to the PS/2 connector
In conclusion, I’ll add that in some BIOS versions, the setting to automatically turn on the power supply when the primary 220V appears can be in the section Integrated Peripherals- paragraph PWRON After PWR-Fail(found in some versions of Foenix - AwardBIOS CMOS Setup Utility)
The computer turns off spontaneously.
Possible reasons:
- Overheating. Temperature sensor readings can be obtained using special software. Typically, such software can be downloaded from the websites of equipment manufacturers (motherboard, video adapter, disk drives, etc.). The most famous universal (“all in one”) program for obtaining information about equipment, incl. and temperature sensor readings is AIDA64(former EVEREST) Lavalis Consuting Group
- Power supply protection is triggered. The cause of the operation may be insufficient power from the power supply. An additional sign of operation at maximum load may be that the shutdown does not always occur, but, for example, when launching game programs that sharply increase the power consumption of the video adapter.
Rarely, but it still happens - the activation of the protection causes a short-term short circuit that occurs during vibration. It can occur when there is a small distance between power buses, connector pins, board elements or conductors with damaged insulation and the housing. When searching, you can use light tapping of the suspected places where the short circuit occurs.
The computer freezes or reboots spontaneously.
We are talking only about freezes and reboots caused by malfunction or unstable operation of the equipment.
Often freezes and reboots are accompanied by errors in unpacking archives and error messages individual programs, system messages about the inability to run an application or open a file.
As is the case with spontaneous shutdown, the cause may be overheating, insufficient power or instability of the output voltages of the power supply. Another common reason is the use of overclocking to increase performance. Overclocking always reduces system stability.
Diagnosis of the problem:
Analyze the system logs. Perhaps there are records there that will help establish the reasons for not stable operation.
- Cancel automatic reboot mode when a critical Windows error occurs. "Start" - "Settings" - "Control Panel" - "System" - "Advanced" - "Start and Recovery - Settings" - you need to uncheck the "Perform automatic reboot" checkbox. It is useful to enable (if not enabled) the small memory dump recording mode, which can help in finding the causes of a critical error using the BlueScreenView utility, as described in the section "Finding the problematic driver"
Try booting the OS into safe mode. IN this mode only those device drivers are loaded and system services, which are minimally necessary. Their list is determined by the contents of the registry section
HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SafeBoot
Subsections:
Minimal- list of drivers and services that start in Safe Mode
Network- the same, but with network support.
Blue screen of death (BSOD) with different codes on different drivers most likely indicates a hardware problem, usually:
Some tips:
1. Diagnostics is greatly simplified if you manage to record the situation, i.e. - find such a combination of conditions when a failure definitely occurs.
2. When diagnosing, try to simplify the equipment configuration as much as possible - physically disconnect what you can do without.
3. If you suspect that the cause of unstable operation is overheating, try installing additional fans. When installing them, try not to create oncoming air flows.
You can also use BIOS settings motherboard, artificially reduce the performance of the computer.
Typically, the BIOS has settings to improve performance (overclocking) by increasing clock frequencies operation of the processor, memory, data exchange buses. For stable operation, as a rule, an increase in the supply voltage of overclocked devices is also required. Both the first and second are accompanied by an increase in energy consumption and additional heating. Lowering clock frequencies and supply voltages will reduce heating of the elements. However, keep in mind that a significant reduction in voltage, as a rule, also reduces the stability of their operation.
4. If you use modules random access memory, not included in the list recommended by the motherboard manufacturer, as in the previous case, try reducing their performance with BIOS settings, but do not reduce, but, on the contrary, increase the supply voltage step by step. If there are several modules, try using only one of them as an experiment.
Programs for monitoring and testing equipment
Everest Ultimate Edition (Everest Corporate Editions)- probably the most popular program from Lavalys Consulting Group for diagnosing and testing computer hardware. Provides more than 100 pages of information about the processor, motherboard, memory, devices, temperature sensor readings, etc. Can also be used to conduct network audits and configure optimal performance. Everest Corporate Edition, compared to EVEREST Ultimate Edition, has slightly broader diagnostic capabilities, including analysis local network. There is support for the Russian language. The program is paid. Program website - www.lavalys.com/
SIV (System Information Viewer)- Unlike Everest, it is free. Shows very detailed information about the system, local network and hardware. Provides information about a wide range of characteristics local computer and workstations: installed equipment And software, data from temperature and voltage sensors, information about the processor, memory, hard drives and much more. In terms of capabilities (except for the convenience of presenting information), it is practically not inferior to the paid Everest. The program is constantly updated. You can download the latest version from the manufacturer's download page rh-software.com
SpeedFan 4.40 - free program for monitoring the motherboard (temperature, voltage, fan speed). Has the ability to read S.M.A.R.T attributes hard drives, and, accordingly, their temperatures. Allows you to adjust the fan speed.
Memtest86- program for testing RAM. The program website is memtest86.com. Testing with Memtest86 does not require any operating system; the program is loaded from floppy disk or CD-ROM.
Memtest86 project download page. - latest versions of the program, boot images for creating CD/DVD and USB drives, program versions for UEFI/BIOS.
Just in case, outdated versions Memtest86:
- ISO image for creating a bootable CD with Memtest86.
- A program for creating a bootable floppy disk with Memtest86 in a Windows environment. Unzip, insert a blank floppy disk into the drive, and run install.bat.
Memtest86+- created based on Memtest86 by independent developers. Program website - www.memtest.org
To begin with, check whether there is a primary power supply of ~220V at the input of the power supply unit (PSU). The reason for the absence may be a break or malfunction of the plug, socket, surge protector or uninterruptible power supply, if you use them. In addition, on the back of most power supplies there is a primary power switch - it may be turned off or faulty.When a primary voltage of 220V is supplied, there should be a voltage of +5V at the +5Vsb output (purple wire) of the power supply, even when the computer is turned off. You can check it with a tester on the contacts of the power supply connector (pin 9 with a purple wire - + 5Vsb relative to any of the contacts with a black wire). Some motherboards have an LED indicating the presence of standby voltage. If it lights up, it means there is both primary and standby power.
If the computer still does not turn on, then the possible reasons may be the following:
Open circuit in the power button circuit. To check, you can use tweezers to close the power supply contacts on the motherboard or short the contacts of the power supply connector with the green wires (ON, sometimes designated as PS_ON, pin 16) and any contact with the black wire (GND, sometimes designated as COM).
Short circuit at the power supply output. Try turning off the power to all peripheral devices, removing all adapters from the slots, disconnecting all USB devices.
PSU or motherboard malfunction. If only the motherboard is connected to the power supply connector, but the power still does not turn on, it is most likely that the power supply is faulty. A motherboard malfunction leading to the inability to turn on the computer's power supply is theoretically possible, but in practice it is extremely rare. To check, you can try turning on the power supply without connecting the connector to the motherboard. To do this, you need some kind of load connected to it, for example a CD-ROM. Close the ON and GND contacts - if the power supply turns on, the motherboard is faulty.
You will find the wiring for the 24-pin connector of the ATX power supply (ATX12V) with ratings and color coding of the wires
If the fans are spinning, there are no beeps, the disk activity indicator does not light up, try to simplify the configuration as much as possible. Turn off the computer, disconnect it from the primary voltage of 220V, remove all adapters from the expansion slots and disconnect all peripheral devices (USB, keyboard, mouse, etc.). If there are several memory modules, leave only one (in the future, it can also be replaced with another one from the kit). Sometimes, to find the cause of the problem, you can try to turn on the computer without any RAM at all. In this case, the boot will, of course, not start, but if the equipment that checks memory and produces sound signals is working properly, you will hear a characteristic squeak (for most BIOS versions - a continuous sequence of short beeps).
When the power is turned on, the BIOS self-test routine (Power On Self Test or POST) begins, and sound signals are the result of detecting an error caused by the absence of a video adapter, or, for example, RAM. The interpretation of sound signals depends on the manufacturer and BIOS version. For example, the absence of a video adapter when performing the AWARD BIOS self-test will cause 1 long and 2 short signals, AMI BIOS of older versions will cause 8 short signals. The explanation of the sound signals can be found in the documentation for the motherboard.
For testing programs of all BIOS versions, one short signal is used if the tests are completed without errors and the operating system starts loading.
If there are no sound signals in the minimum configuration, then the cause of the malfunction is the power supply, motherboard, or processor. Malfunction or absence sound device, not expected.
Just in case, try resetting the BIOS settings by installing a special jumper on the motherboard (Clear CMOS).
Quite often, the cause of the malfunction is swollen electrolytic capacitors in the processor power circuits on the motherboard, which is noticeable upon visual inspection.
The computer turns on spontaneously.
Spontaneous turning on of the computer's power supply is usually caused by incorrect BIOS settings. These settings refer to the parameters ACPI(Advanced Configuration and Power Interface), power management interface. It is sometimes also called the interface to access energy-saving hardware features. Part of the ACPI specification is the function of turning on the computer's power when certain conditions occur. events- power management events (Power Management Event or PME), specified by the motherboard BIOS settings. Such events can be the pressing of certain keys on the keyboard, specially generated ETHERNET frames, the coincidence of the response time according to the internal clock, the supply of primary voltage (220V) to the input of the power supply, etc.
The name and contents of the BIOS power management section depend on the specific manufacturer and version ("Power Management Setup", "ACPI Configuration", "Advanced Power Management Setup", etc.)
Below is an example of the settings of the "Power - APM Configuration" section of AMI BIOS v2.61:
Restore on AC Power Lost- behavior of the system in the event of a power failure. Meaning Power Off- the system will remain off, Power On- the computer will turn on as soon as power is restored. In other words, if this mode is enabled in the BIOS, when the primary voltage (220V) is supplied, the computer will turn on on its own, without pressing the POWER button
Power On By RTC Alarm- turning on the power supply according to the computer’s internal clock (analogous to an alarm clock).
Power On By External Modes- the power supply will be turned on when there is an incoming call to an external modem connected to the serial port.
Power On By PCI (PCIE) Devices- allows the computer to be turned on from devices on the PCI (PCI-E) bus.
Power On By PS/2 Keyboard- allows turning on power from a keyboard connected to the PS/2 connector
For some network adapters There are additional options for turning on the power supply based on events related to the operation of an external network equipment, such as the appearance of a carrier at the receiver input, etc. More information about turning on the power supply in the local network -.
Typically, the default BIOS settings do not allow the computer to turn on due to power management events.
The computer turns off spontaneously.
Possible reasons:
Rarely, but it still happens - the activation of the protection causes a short-term short circuit that occurs during vibration. It can occur when there is a small distance between power buses, connector pins, board elements or conductors with damaged insulation and the housing. When diagnosing, you can use light tapping of the suspected places where the short circuit occurs.
The computer freezes or reboots spontaneously.
We are talking only about freezes and reboots caused by malfunction or unstable operation of the equipment.
Often freezes and spontaneous reboots are accompanied by errors in unpacking archives, diagnostic messages from individual programs, and system messages about the inability to run an application or open a file.
As in the case of spontaneous shutdown, the cause may be overheating, insufficient power, or instability of the output voltage of the power supply. Another common reason is the use of overclocking to increase performance. Overclocking always reduces system stability.
Diagnosis of the problem:
Analyze the system logs. Perhaps there are records there that will help determine the causes of unstable operation.
Cancel automatic reboot mode when a critical Windows error occurs. "Start" - "Settings" - "Control Panel" - "System" - "Advanced" - "Start and Recovery - Settings" - you need to uncheck the "Perform automatic reboot" checkbox. It is useful to enable (if not enabled) the small memory dump recording mode, which can help in finding the causes of a critical error using the BlueScreenView utility, as described in the section "Finding the problematic driver"
Try booting the OS in safe mode. In this mode, only those device drivers and system services that are minimally required are loaded. Their list is determined by the contents of the registry section
HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SafeBoot
Subsections:
Minimal- list of drivers and services that start in Safe Mode
Network- the same, but with network support.
A blue screen of death (BSOD) with different codes on different drivers most likely indicates a hardware problem, usually this is:
Some tips:
1. Diagnostics is greatly simplified if you manage to record the situation, i.e. - find such a combination of conditions when a failure definitely occurs.
2. When diagnosing, try to simplify the equipment configuration as much as possible - physically disconnect what you can do without.
3. If you suspect that overheating is the cause of unstable operation, try installing additional fans. When installing them, try not to create oncoming air flows.
You can also use the motherboard BIOS settings to artificially reduce the performance of your computer.
Typically, the BIOS has settings to increase performance (overclocking) by increasing the clock speeds of the processor, memory, and data buses. For stable operation, as a rule, it is also necessary to increase the supply voltages of the components of overclocked devices. Both the first and second are accompanied by an increase in energy consumption and additional heating. Lowering clock frequencies and supply voltages will reduce heating of the elements. However, keep in mind that a significant reduction in voltage, as a rule, also reduces the stability of their operation.
4. If you use RAM modules that are not included in the list recommended by the motherboard manufacturer, as in the previous case, try reducing their performance with BIOS settings, but do not reduce, but, on the contrary, increase the supply voltage step by step. If there are several modules, try using only one of them as an experiment.
If, after replacing the motherboard, you cannot boot Windows, which manifests itself in the form of a cyclic reboot, check whether the cause of this phenomenon is the “blue screen of death” with a critical error Stop 0x0000007B Inaccessible Boot Device. How to restore system functionality
Programs for monitoring and testing equipment:
Aida64- one of the most popular programs for diagnosing and monitoring equipment. Displays detailed information about the processor, motherboard, memory, devices, temperature sensor readings, etc. Can also be used to conduct network audits and configure for optimal performance. Extended versions of the program have extensive diagnostic capabilities, including local network analysis. There is support for the Russian language. The program is paid. Program website - www.aida64.com
Everest Ultimate Edition (Everest Corporate Editions)- predecessor of Aida64. Before replacing it with Aida64, it was the most popular program for monitoring, diagnosing and testing computer hardware. Program website - www.lavalys.com/
SIV (System Information Viewer)- The program is free. Shows very detailed information about the system, local network and hardware. Provides information about a wide range of characteristics of the local computer and workstations: installed hardware and software, data from temperature and voltage sensors, information about the processor, memory, hard drives and much more. In terms of capabilities (except for the convenience of presenting information), it is practically not inferior to the paid Aida64. The program is constantly updated. You can download the latest version from the manufacturer's download page rh-software.com
SpeedFan 4.40- a free program for monitoring the motherboard (temperature, voltage, fan speed). It has the ability to read S.M.A.R.T - attributes of hard drives, and, accordingly, their temperature. Allows you to adjust the fan speed.
Memtest86- program for testing RAM. The program website is memtest86.com. Testing with Memtest86 does not require any operating system; the program is loaded from a floppy disk, flash drive or CD-ROM. Memtest86 It is distributed in both paid (PRO) and free (Free) versions. The site contains download links ready-made images in .ISO format for using the program in Windows environment and Linux.
Why doesn't the computer work? This is the first question that comes to mind when the computer stops booting or turning on. You can find solutions to computer problems yourself or contact. When your computer stops working, you need to first check the simplest reasons.
Why the computer does not work - we check the basic reasons
To find out why your computer is not working, check if it is connected to a power source. Check all cords leading from the PC to the outlet. This is trivial, but in 30% of cases it is the reason that the computer does not work. It's just that no one pays attention to her.
If you have a personal computer, then you should check the switch, which is located on the back wall system unit. Perhaps you accidentally touched it and the flow of electricity from the network was blocked.
It is worth checking the start button on the laptop or PC case. Perhaps she's stuck in one position. Only this should be done carefully and without fanaticism.
If everything is connected correctly, but the computer still does not work, then the problem lies in the components. It is difficult to understand why the computer does not work in this case, since the average user does not have the necessary skills and tools.
Call a computer technician to your home
Most The best way To solve a problem with a computer, contact a specialist. You will not harm your “iron friend” and will save a lot of time and nerves.
There are nuances here too. Fraudsters and unscrupulous craftsmen. But if you choose a specialist wisely, you will never become a victim.
- We contact the company, rather than calling some number posted on the entrance.
- We first look at the reviews about this company. It is advisable that they be posted on social networks, on Flamp, that is, where they are difficult to fake.
- It is advisable to find out details about the company, what conditions and guarantees they provide
- We ask the specialist to first assess the breakdown and announce the amount and deadlines in advance.
- If the computer cannot be repaired immediately, then do not forget to take a receipt or receipt that confirms the fact that you left the computer for repair.
You can order in our service. A technician will visit your home free of charge and in addition you will receive free computer diagnostics.
Order a free visit of a master in your city!
Computer works but won't boot
There are situations when the computer hums, but does not boot to the Windows operating system. In this case, there may be a lot of reasons. The most common: incorrect setting BIOS, broken operating system (missing Win 32 file, etc.), problem with components. Let's take a closer look.
Incorrect BIOS setting
BIOS stands for Basic Input/Output System, which translated into Russian means basic system data input/output. This subsystem is responsible for the correct connection and installation of components. BIOS teaches different components of the device to interact with each other.
After turning on the computer, a hardware test begins and if the BIOS settings are set incorrectly, booting to Windows will not occur. Usually the problem lies in incorrectly set boot parameters. That is, the system wants to boot not from the hard drive, but from a flash drive or other external storage device.
Usually this problem occurs if you have made some changes in the BIOS settings or after replacing the hard drive.
Resetting BIOS on PC
For a personal computer, this problem can be solved very simply. In order not to get involved in the settings, simply unscrew the cover of the system unit, as shown in the screenshot, and place it on the floor.
You will see a CMOS battery approximately in the middle of the board. It is responsible for power supply and saving settings. In our case, the settings need to be reset to factory settings. To do this, take a screwdriver and gently press on the latch. There is no need to make any effort.
The battery will pop out, and all you have to do is wait 15-20 minutes and insert it back. After that, we assemble the system unit and try to boot the computer.
Resetting subsystem settings for laptops
With laptops the situation is a little more complicated. For a regular user getting to the CMOS battery is almost impossible, and the laptop case can be damaged.
If the opportunity allows, we need to go in and change the boot parameters to the required ones. To log in, you need to press a button on the keyboard when you boot the computer, depending on the manufacturer. In the list you need to find your model and the corresponding subsystem entry key.
Visually different models The BIOS is also slightly different. However, the menu items are almost identical. We need to find the tab that contains the word Boot.
If the problem was in the subsystem settings, then it should be resolved.
Why the computer doesn't work - broken Windows system
The computer may display a black or blue DSOD screen with error codes when booting. For different versions operating systems the screen will be yours.
For Windows XP
For Win 7
For Windows 10
If you are not a trained user, then it is unlikely to help you. The easiest way out for such an error is to use a boot disk or flash drive with an image of your version of Windows.
About creation bootable flash drive with the image, read the article: . The article was written using Windows 8.1 as an example, but is also suitable for all other versions (except XP).
After recording the system image to a flash drive, we need to connect external media to the computer and press the power button.
There is one nuance here. Above, we looked at how to make the computer boot from the hard drive, and now vice versa. When booting the computer, we enter the BIOS and set the boot priority from our flash drive, this way we will indicate to the system that data should be loaded not from the hard drive, but from a flash drive or disk.
After selecting the priority, exit, save the settings and reboot. Next, we will be asked to install or restore the system. Let's choose the second one.
The screen may differ slightly depending on the version of Windows, but the essence is the same. Then we simply follow the instructions, they are clearly written in Russian. After the recovery procedure, the system should work again.
The computer does not boot due to components
If the problem is in components such as a video card, processor, cooler or RAM, then the computer may not boot to Windows and may even shut down completely.
The fact is that the BIOS we are familiar with installs the necessary components for the functioning of the computer every time it boots. If one of them fails, the computer will not boot.
Most likely, you will need the help of a specialist here. However, there are some things you can do yourself. If you have Personal Computer, then remove the cover of the system unit, put it on its side and alternately disconnect and connect the components and try to boot the computer each time. The numbers indicate connected devices that may cause the computer to not load.
For example, we pulled the video card out of the slot and started the computer. The main thing is to turn on the speakers, since there will be no image on the screen and loading to Windows can only be determined by the sound.
If nothing happens, insert the video card back and try the RAM. If you have one RAM card, then you don’t have to try to boot the computer - nothing will work. If there are two, then we try to extract first one, then the second.
In 20% of cases, one of the devices could simply move away and disconnecting and connecting can help solve the problem completely.
In the case of a laptop, don't even try. This is a fragile and whimsical thing that you can damage during amateurish repairs.