Programs are used to view web pages. Using Internet Explorer to Browse Web Pages
Web browser (Firefox)
14. The file is called
A program or data on disk that has a name
Named area on disk
A file is either a named memory area on an external storage medium (hard drive, floppy disk, CD, etc.), or a logical device representing a source or receiver of information (keyboard, display, printer, ports, etc.).
A file can be understood as any set of data.
For example: Program - source, compiled, etc. Data – initial, intermediate, resulting, drawing, text, graph, audio-video, etc.).
File characteristics:
The file has a name.
The file has attributes.
Date and time of creation.
Files come in various types.
15. Hyperlink is
Part of a hypertext document that refers to another element (command, text, heading, note, image) in the document itself, to another object (file, directory, application) located on the local computer or on a computer network, or to elements of this object.
This is the connection between web pages or files. When you click a hyperlink, the item it references appears in the web browser, opens, or runs, depending on the type of the item
16. Internet browsing is done
By entering a URL, often through the use of hyperlinks
17. A person who manages the organization of work of participants in a local computer network is called
System administrator
18. It was suggested to format the disk. After agreeing, the user will receive...
Empty disk - all data is deleted
19. The main difference between a flash card and an optical one (CD, DVD) storage medium
Flash cards, unlike CDs, are not susceptible to scratches and dust, and are resistant to vibration, shock, and falls. It operates silently, has low weight and size, which is very convenient if you need to constantly carry it with you. Some special flash drives have an additional function such as information protection
20. What is not an operating system? (7)
What is not an object of the Windows operating system?
Desktop
Task bar
CPU
Answer: 4;(http://informatika.na.by/files/razrabotkiurokovimeropriiatii/tests/141208/os.HTML)
21. What is it for?hdd(Winchester)?
HDD is a data storage device - a hard magnetic disk drive.
HDD is used to store information. The information located on the hard drive is called data. The data on the disk is organized using a file system and is represented by files.
HDD is computer memory. Don't confuse it with RAM. The hard drive is non-volatile memory, RAM is volatile.
22. Most documents available on Internet servers have:
Have a hypertext format
23. To conduct a video conference, you must have
Connections to the global network for all video conference participants, as well as access to the services of a video communication service provider
24. Example of a computer address on the network
193.27.61.137 / 198.68.191.10
Each computer connected to the Internet has its own unique address, even if the connection is temporary. An Internet address uniquely specifies the location of a computer on the network. Special IP addresses are used for this. An IP address is always 32 bits long and consists of four parts called octets. The four parts are combined into a notation in which each octet is separated by a period, for example 198.68.191.10. By its structure, each 32-bit IP address is divided into two parts - a prefix and a suffix, which form a two-level hierarchy. The prefix refers to the physical network to which the computer is connected, and the suffix refers to the individual computer on that network.
The Internet uses a domain addressing method, when the entire space of subscriber addresses is divided into areas, or domains.
There are seven domain options to indicate the type of organization:
Com - the most common domain, indicates that the computer belongs to a commercial organization;
Org-belongs to a non-profit organization;
Edu-belongs to a university or other educational institution;
Mil-owned by a government military organization in the United States;
Gov-owned by a government non-military organization;
Int-belongs to some international organization;
Net-belongs to an organization that carries out certain work related to networks.
A domain indicating a country consists of two letters, which, as a rule, repeat the international code of the state: ia - Ukraine, sh - Russia, us - USA, uk - Great Britain, fr - France. For example, www.NMU.ua
Differences between browsers
So, before we go any further, let's take a look at browsers and see what they can and can't display. Indeed, everything that we write will be viewed by the user in browsers, and if we do not focus on specific browsers, the result may be the most unexpected.
Of course, simple pages (like the one we wrote in the previous section) will most likely look the same in all browsers. However, the more complex the page, the greater the differences in its perception by different viewing programs. These differences can be in the layout of elements on the page, how they react to user input, how individual elements look, etc. When creating a web page, it's helpful to view it in different browsers and adjust the code based on what you see. It can often happen that a page that looks very beautiful in one browser will simply be unreadable in another. Creating a complex page that looks almost the same in different browsers is not an easy task. Therefore, we would recommend focusing on one browser, and maintaining compatibility with others only at a minimum level. You can also create copies of pages for different browsers, but there is also a small problem here, which we will discuss below.
And finally, the simplest solution: having created a page, write at the beginning of it something like: “Looks best in such and such a browser” and place a link next to it, by clicking on which the user could download the desired viewer program. However, we must keep in mind that not all users are likely to want to do this, and not only because not all browsers are free. Firstly, not everyone has the opportunity to download large amounts of data from the Internet, and secondly, many are already accustomed to using some kind of viewing program, and advice to urgently install another one will cause them, at best, bewilderment.
Internet Explorer browser
Today, the most popular web browsing program is Microsoft Internet Explorer, which is used by approximately half of all Internet users. MS Internet Explorer version 5 supports most requirements HTML 4.0, and it is this program that we will focus on in the examples given in this book. This program is free and can be downloaded from http://www.microsoft.com/windows/ie_intl/ru/download/. There you can update the browser version and download various add-ons for this program. Almost all of the cardinal innovations have appeared in MS Internet Explorer since version 4. However, some aspects, mainly related to the reaction to user actions and the interpretation of code written in JavaScript, have changed significantly in the fifth version. Therefore, do not be surprised if a page written for Internet Explorer version 5, when viewed in version 4, displays, for example, messages about a “script error.” By the way, the fifth version of Internet Explorer is capable of automatically correcting minor inaccuracies. Other browsers do not know how to do this, and for them these inaccuracies will result in error messages. Internet Explorer supports not only JavaScript as a scripting language, but also the VBScript language invented by Microsoft, which is derived from the Visual Basic language. Since web pages written using VBScript actually exist, only using the Internet Explorer browser today allows them to adequately display their content. VBScript introduced some interesting features that were missing in JavaScript 1.0, such as the ability to automatically ignore errors in a loop ( On Error Resume Next). We do not cover the VBScript language in this book, since JavaScript is still the universal scripting language today.
As for earlier versions of MS Internet Explorer, their use raises a number of problems. For example, the third version uses a rather unique implementation of JavaScript, and some functions written for later versions or for Netscape browsers do not work quite correctly in Internet Explorer 3. Moreover, since the project HTML 4.0 it was still just in its infancy, Internet Explorer 3 lacks functions for responding to user actions, the ability to arbitrarily arrange design elements, etc. There is also no support for cascading style sheets. In some cases, there are problems with navigation between frames. And in even earlier versions of this browser there was no support for scripting languages at all and only the most basic tools were available.
Netscape Navigator browser
The second most popular browser in the world is Netscape Navigator. Unlike MS Internet Explorer, this program is implemented for many platforms, including OS/2 and UNIX with its clones. On non-Windows computers, Netscape Navigator continues to be the most popular web browser.
At the time of this writing, the second preliminary release of the sixth version of Netscape Navigator has been released. This version also supports many requirements HTML 4.0, however, not to the same extent as in MS Internet Explorer 5. In particular, not all elements of a web page can still respond to user actions. Netscape Navigator is available free of charge from www.netscape.com. The previous version of this program (the fourth) did not support new tags proposed in the fourth version of Internet Explorer (for example
Other viewing properties
Despite the fact that MS Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator are used by the vast majority of Internet users, there are other browsers that are used every now and then at work. Among them, it is worth noting the Opera program, which can be obtained at www.operasoftware.com (however, this program is not free - it is distributed according to the Shareware principle). By the way, in 1999, experts noted that support for cascading style sheets ( CSS) is best implemented in this program. The Opera browser has many advantages (compactness, speed, user-friendly interface with detailed page loading indication), and others. However, there is even less support for dynamic elements here than in Netscape browsers.
The purely Russian Ariadna browser is also worthy of attention. It was designed specifically for the needs of Russian users. Unfortunately, after version 1.3 the developers stopped working on the project.
Web page viewers are now also built into many more “general” programs, for example, kfm (this is the KDE file manager-viewer, StarOffice, and even the email program The Bat! (for viewing HTML attachments). However, all they have limited capabilities compared to specialized programs and should not be relied upon when creating web pages.
Introduction
Today it is impossible to do without the help of a computer, and therefore the Internet. The emergence of the Internet began in 1969. At that time, the ARPAnet computer network was created in the United States, which united computer centers of the Department of Defense and a number of academic organizations. Although the real emergence of the Internet as the unification of six large US IP networks into a single scientific network NSFNET took place only in 1986. Today, the NSFNET network is the backbone network in this country and plays a special role throughout the Internet, since no other country's networks can be connected to it without registration. The Internet is a network of interconnected computer systems and various computer services. This network is a collection of various components, such as e-mail, teleconferencing, FTP sites, and real-time chat.
The World Wide Web (WWW) was born in 1992. It was created by Tim Berners-Lee of the European Center for Nuclear Research (CERN), located in Geneva, Switzerland. By October 1993, it had over 200 active Web servers, and by June 1995, the total number was over 6.5 million. Currently, there are already more than 30 million.
The World Wide Web is the most famous and recognized means of accessing Internet information resources. In reality, it is a system of interconnected pages representing Web sites around the world. These pages contain links that appear as highlighted text or pictures. By simply clicking on such a link, you can be transferred from this page to another, and perhaps this new page will be on a computer on the other side of the globe.
The purpose of this work is to consider software for working with Internet resources and e-mail, and create a website.
Web browsing software
Browsers
A browser is a software tool for viewing web pages, a complex application for processing and displaying various components of a web page, and for providing an interface between a website and its visitor.
Today there are many programs for viewing web pages - these are Amaya, Camino, Dillo, ELinks, Epiphany, Galeon, ICab, Internet Explorer, Links, K-Meleon, Konqueror, Mosaic, Mozilla, Opera, Safari, Mozilla Firefox, Netscape and others. I will describe the browser in more detail - Internet Explorer.
Windows Internet Explorer, abbreviated I.E.-- a series of graphical browsers developed by Microsoft since 1995 and included in the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems. Internet Explorer has been the most widely used web browser since 1999; peaking at 95% usage during 2002 and 2003. Internet Explorer 7.0 is the current version of the browser, which can be downloaded from the Microsoft website since October 18, 2006.
Internet Explorer is an application designed for browsing and interacting with web pages. This application provides the user with the opportunity to create optimal conditions for working on the Internet: settings for security and privacy of the connection, adjusting the graphic content of web pages by setting the font and its size, as well as the ability to speed up and simplify work by placing the necessary buttons in the panel and saving the necessary ones links in the “Favorites” column, as well as when using keyboard shortcuts.
Internet Explorer has tabs, a pop-up blocker, a phishing filter, Group Policy, and the ability to auto-update via Windows Update.
Appendix 1 shows an example of an Internet Explorer working window.
Topic 3.3: Applications for creating websites
Topic 3.4: Application of the Internet in the economy and information protection
Global computer networks
3.2. Network technologies. Global networks and global network technologies
3.2.5. Web browsing applications
The essence of the World Wide Web (WWW) system is the application of the hypertext model to information resources distributed on the global network. WWW is one of the types of Internet services. WWW provides the opportunity to work with documents that combine text, graphics, sounds, and animation, which greatly facilitates the perception of information. Hypertext documents (Web pages) are created using a special hypertext markup language, HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language).
The WWW system operates on the client-server principle. The client is an HTML interpreter, a special viewing program called a WWW-browser. A WWW browser is an application program that interacts with the WWW system, receives requested documents, interprets the data and displays the contents of the documents on the screen. The client program provides access to almost all Internet information resources that are stored on servers.
To work with the WWW system, you must install one of the Web browser programs on your computer, for example, Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, MyIE Web Browser, Opera, etc. Most browsers provide access to other Internet servers: FTP servers, Gopher servers, and UseNet newsgroup servers.
Internet Explorer
Internet Explorer is installed along with the Windows installation and the Internet Explorer browser icon appears on the desktop. This icon can be used to launch Internet Explorer. After launching the Internet Explorer web browser, a browser window will appear on the screen.
Rice. 1.
An Internet Explorer browser or browser window contains:
- menu bar;
- three toolbars: Regular buttons, Address bar, Links;
- status bar.
The Common Buttons panel contains all the main browser control buttons. The Address and Links panels are used to specify the address of the Web page to load.
The status bar, located at the bottom of the window, contains messages about the status of the Web page. The progress bar on the right side of the status bar shows the progress of the file being downloaded. The status bar also contains an indicator showing the set security level of loaded Web pages.
To go to web pages you can use:
- hyperlinks contained in an open page;
- the Address panel, where you enter the address of the required Web page;
- Links and Favorites panels.
Using hyperlinks
Every Web page contains links to other pages. The easiest way to move from one Web page to another is to use the mouse. To navigate to other pages, you can use the navigation menu, text hyperlinks, and graphic hyperlinks.
Typically text hyperlinks are underlined so they can be easily found. Text links to pages you have already visited change color. Graphical hyperlinks are more difficult to define. If, when you place the cursor on an image, it takes the form of a palm with a pointing finger, then this is a hyperlink.
When you click on a link, the Web page specified in it opens by default in the current browser window. But it can also be opened in a new window. To do this, place the cursor on the link, right-click and from the context menu that appears, select Open in new window.
Using the Web Page Address
To navigate to a Web page, you can use its address, which begins with the name of the protocol. This is followed by the domain name and the location of the file relative to the domain. By default, the Address panel is located below the main browser toolbar.
When you enter an address in the drop-down list in this panel and press the Enter key or the Go button, the browser opens the Web page for which you entered the address. All the addresses you previously entered in the Address panel are saved in the drop-down list, and you can select them from this list as needed.
You can enter the page URL directly from the keyboard into the Address panel. When entering an address, you don't have to enter the initial http://www part of the address, as the browser will add it itself.
Initially, you need to save the addresses of the Web pages you selected in the Links and Favorites folders. It should be noted that the Links folder is a subfolder of the Favorites folder. To save the address of an open Web page, click on the Favorites menu and select the Add to Favorites command.
The Add to Favorites dialog box will open, in which you must select a folder to save the address (including the Links folder). After that, to go to the required page, click on the Favorites menu and select the desired Web page address in the folders, the browser opens the Web page whose address you specified.
Navigating a Web Page
If you are not satisfied with the loading speed of Web pages, you can disable the display of graphic information.
To do this, follow these steps:
- Execute the Internet Options command from the Tools menu.
- In the Internet Options dialog box, go to the Advanced tab.
- In the Multimedia section, clear the Display pictures check box.
Changing the encoding type of a web page
If the page encoding type does not match the set encoding in the browser, you will see a meaningless set of characters, then set the required encoding type using the View / Encoding command. The most common types of encoding of Russian-language text are Cyrillic (KOI8) and Cyrillic (Windows).
Saving a Web page and its fragments
A Web page consists of an HTML document and other files used to design the page. Using Internet Explorer, you can save the entire page or its individual fragments.
Saving a Web Page
To save a Web page, follow these steps:
- Select File/Save As to open the Save Web Page dialog box.
- Select a folder and specify the name of the file to be created.
- In the File type field, specify the type of data to be saved:
- web page, entire - used to save the entire page;
- web archive, one file - the entire Web page will be saved as one file;
- web page, HTML only – used to save only an HTML document without pictures or other files;
- text file – to save a Web page in plain text format.
- Click the Save button.
Saving text and pictures from a Web page
To save a piece of text, select it and right-click. A context menu will open, from which select the Copy command; the fragment will be saved to the temporary Windows clipboard. Now you can insert it, for example, into a Word document.
To copy a picture from a Web page, place the cursor on the picture and click the right mouse button. Then, from the context menu, select the "Copy Image" command.
The drawing can be saved as a separate file. To do this, from the context menu of the picture, select the "Save Image As" command. When saving a drawing, you can select a file type that matches the type of the drawing, or save the drawing in bmp format.
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Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
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"Altai State Technical University named after. I.I. Polzunov" (AltSTU)
discipline: “Fundamentals of Internet technologies”
topic: “Client programs for viewing Web pages and their configuration”
Completed standard group Al-M-31 T.V. Prozorova
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Introduction
Conclusion
Bibliography
Introduction
Now people live in two “parallel” worlds - material and digital, so it is very important to know what the Internet is and how to get there. Being, formally, just ordinary computer programs, browsers, in fact, have become the main connecting link between the Internet and humans, and our perception of the virtual world depends on how they perform the tasks assigned to them.
The existence of different browsers leads the user to the question of which browser is best to choose for surfing the Internet. There are several aspects to this question, for example, which browser is faster, which is more reliable, which is more functional, and so on. Therefore, the purpose of this work will be to determine the most convenient and practical Internet browsers. To do this, it is necessary to solve several problems, that is, reveal the definition of a browser, trace their history, describe the operation of commonly used browsers, draw up a comparative description, and draw conclusions
In modern literature, little attention has been paid to this issue. As for the Internet, quite a lot of resources have been created here. They are devoted both to individual browsers, regardless of their popularity, and to various comparative analyses, characteristics and tests. It also tells the story of the browser wars and defines the very concept of a browser. In the end, you can download the browser versions themselves from the Internet and conduct your own analysis.
At the beginning, to clarify the question posed, we will define the very concept of a browser, introduce its types and briefly describe the history of browsers. Next, we will conduct research among different browsers. Let us establish their features, advantages and disadvantages.
From the information received, we compile a comparative description of the presented browsers. In the end, having studied all sides of the question posed, we will draw conclusions.
1. Programs for viewing Web pages
Windows Internet Explorer is a series of browsers developed by Microsoft since 1995. Included in the Windows family of operating systems. Internet Explorer has been the most widely used web browser since 1999, peaking at 95% in 2002-2003. However, recently its share has been rapidly declining, giving way to browsers such as Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Safari, Opera, etc. To date, the latest stable version of the browser is Internet Explorer 9. Additional browser modifications have also been released for other operating systems , such as Internet Explorer Mobile (for Windows CE and Windows Mobile), Internet Explorer for Mac, and Internet Explorer for UNIX.
Internet Explorer can be downloaded for free and will work even if installed on an illegal copy of Microsoft Windows, but the license agreement allows you to install Internet Explorer only if you have a legal license for the Windows operating system.
Mozilla Firefox is a free browser that is part of the Mozilla Application Suite, developed and distributed by Mozilla Corporation. The browser has an interface with many tabs, spell checking, search as you type, “live bookmarks”, a download manager, and a field for accessing search engines. New features can be added using extensions.
Firefox is officially released for Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X and Linux. Unofficial builds are available for FreeBSD, BeOS, and many other Unix-like operating systems. The browser code is open and distributed under the triple GPL/LGPL/MPL license.
The browser was originally called "Phoenix". Some time later, the browser was renamed "Firebird" due to a trademark conflict, but this name was later changed to "Firefox" for a similar reason. However, "Firefox" turned out to be a trademark of The Charlton Company in the UK, which was reflected in the "About" dialog for English-language builds.
Some browser properties:
blocking pop-up windows;
support for tabbed browsing (several pages in one window);
built-in search bar in search engines and dictionaries;
so-called “Live bookmarks” - a mechanism for integrating RSS feeds;
almost unlimited possibilities for customizing behavior and appearance, including through the use of extensions, themes and styles;
support for many extensions - many more of them have been created for Firefox than for any other browser;
built-in tools for web developer;
automatic updating of both the browser itself and its extensions (from version 1.5);
Displaying content immediately (allows you to comfortably continue surfing even when the page is not fully loaded, which is especially noticeable with a slow connection and a large number of embedded objects);
Securely store site and certificate passwords with the ability to set a “master password” that encrypts all other passwords (using the 3-DES symmetric encryption algorithm) and protects access to user certificates. Thus, the theft (extraction) of saved passwords is difficult even if the attacker has physical access to the computer. When you first enter the master password, its calculated quality (difficulty of cracking) is displayed.
Opera is a web browser and Internet software package produced by Opera Software. Developed in 1994 by a group of researchers from the Norwegian company Telenor. Since 1995, a product of Opera Software, formed by the authors of the first version of the browser. The combined market share of Opera and Opera Mobile in June 2011 was 2.98%. In addition, Opera Mini's share was 1.25%. In Russia, the percentage of browser users is much higher than the world average. As of June 2011, Opera, together with Opera Mini, ranks first in popularity in Russia with 37.4% of users.
The browser is written in the C++ programming language, is fast and compatible with major web technologies. The distinctive features of Opera for a long time were the multi-page interface (a system of tabs in the program window) and the ability to scale displayed documents in their entirety, along with graphics; Subsequently, these functions appeared in other browsers. Opera has expanded the functionality of using the mouse: in addition to standard navigation methods, so-called “mouse gestures” are provided. The browser security system includes: built-in phishing protection; additional coding of the information flow when working with pages containing requests for confidential information; the ability to delete HTTP Cookies, clear your browsing history with one click, as well as the "Speed Dial" launchpad.
In addition to the basic functions of the browser, since the appearance of the package, it has integrated the capabilities of the mail/news client Opera Mail, address book, peer-to-peer network client BitTorrent, RSS aggregator, IRC client, download manager, WAP browser, Opera Link, as well as widgets - graphic modules based on HTML technology and working outside the browser window.
The Opera browser has been ported to many operating systems (including Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris, as well as mobile platforms based on Symbian, MeeGo, MeeGo WeTab, Java, Android, Windows Mobile, Windows 7, Apple iOS.
Opera is also the only browser for the Nintendo DS and Wii gaming systems. Some set-top boxes also use Opera.
Opera for PC and Opera Mini have been distributed free of charge since 2005, Opera Mobile since 2010.
Google Chrome is a browser developed by Google based on the free Chromium browser and using the WebKit engine to display web pages. The first public beta version for Microsoft Windows was released on September 2, 2008, and the first stable version was released on December 11, 2008. Google Chrome aims to improve security, speed, and stability. The browser supports incognito mode. Pages viewed in an incognito window will not appear in the browser history or search history, nor will they leave other traces on the computer, such as cookies, and will be automatically deleted when the user closes the window. However, all files that are downloaded or bookmarks that are created will remain safe and sound.
Safari is a browser developed by Apple and is part of the Mac OS X operating system, and is also freely distributed for operating systems of the Microsoft Windows family.
Safari is based on the freely available WebKit engine. This browser was created when Apple's agreement with Microsoft to support Internet Explorer for the Macintosh platform was coming to an end. Shortly after the introduction of Safari, work on Internet Explorer for Mac was discontinued.
Possibilities:
Using tabs (allows you to open several web pages at once in one window and freely switch between them)
Built-in search tools: Google, Yahoo! and Bing (since version 5.0) on Mac OS X and Windows
Possibility to block pop-ups
Simple search for a piece of text on a page
Autofill forms (synchronization with Mac OS X and MS Windows address books)
Built-in RSS aggregator
Scaling the text input area
Private browsing - a mode in which no browsing history is kept, cookies are not accepted, passwords and entered data are not remembered
Supports various encryption protocols
Snapback feature allows you to instantly return to the original search results or to the top level of any website, even if you have gone down several levels. The SnapBack icon appears in the search field when you click a link on the search results page.
Safari uses the same Apple graphics technology as Mac OS X.
Preliminary support for CSS3 and HTML 5
Safari automatically detects websites that use non-standard fonts and downloads them as needed
QuickTime media technology integration
Web Inspector - allows users and developers to view the Document Object Model (DOM) of web pages
Support for SSL versions 2 and 3, as well as Transport Layer Security (TLS)
Check spelling in text fields
Top Sites - allows you to view a list of the most visited websites in the form of miniature pages (from version 4.0)
"Reader" mode for easy reading (from version 5.0)
Full screen mode (from version 5.1)
Reading list (from version 5.1)
browser windows phoenix
2. Comparative characteristics of browsers
In September 2010, the global share of Microsoft's Internet Explorer browser fell below 50% for the first time. The share of Firefox, the main competitor of Internet Explorer, continues to grow and already stands at 31.5%. No less popular among alternative browsers are Opera, Google Chrome, Safari, the share of which is also increasing.
The main characteristics of the browser can certainly be considered as follows:
performance
reliability
functionality
The performance of any modern browser is determined by the speed of the rendering engine and JavaScript interpreter. The most important part of all browsers is the rendering engine (layout engine), whose main tasks include reading HTML, generating a Document Object Model (DOM) from it, and rendering it. The building block responsible for interpreting markup is the HTML and CSS parser.
However, almost all browser developers, like car manufacturers, use their own engines. For example, Internet Explorer has a different engine than Firefox or Chrome. As a result, Chrome, thanks to its "fresh" engine, provides better display of modern web pages with a large number of scripts. The same engine, by the way, is used in the Safari browser from Apple. The most popular engines are: Trident (IE), Geko (Mozilla Firefox), KHTML (Safari), WebKit (Google Chrome), Presto (Opera).
Next, we will analyze the test results of the most popular browsers today: Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Safari and Opera. The tests were carried out by specialists from the online publication Tom's Hardware Guide. During the test, emphasis was placed on the following browser properties:
Startup time - the time to start each browser from the moment you click on the icon until the locally stored and cached web pages are fully loaded
Memory usage - the amount of memory used by the browser with the same number of multiple tabs open
Page load times - measured using the WebMonkey Browser Load Time StopWatch JavaScript test while opening various well-known sites
JavaScript - JavaScript engine speed
PeaceKeeper, Acid3 and DOM - the first is a cross-platform application for testing performance, the second - checks browser compliance with web standards, the third - the performance of DOM components
Flash, Java and SilverLight - browser performance using these platforms
Test results:
As a result of the tests, one thing is clear - IE is an outsider, and not just in the top categories, but in tests in general, having never entered the top three in almost any of them. The rest of the products showed their worth, taking high ratings in various tests in different ways, which means we cannot judge them unambiguously yet. However, Google Chrome proved to be the leader in overall superiority.
Over the past few years, the Internet in general and browsers in particular have changed dramatically. Now browsers are no longer static tools for displaying text and images. They have evolved into application platforms. And a key aspect of growth is HTML5. Many people talk about it, but not everyone understands what it really is.html5 is a platform that allows you to create web applications. Today's web applications, even the most complex ones, are to one degree or another based on outdated technologies.html5 is a new technology that will ensure full compatibility between different browsers.
Browsers have not yet fully transitioned to HTML5. But in a year this standard will become much more complete. Then the developments will be enough to create full-fledged applications. And the Network itself will become a full-fledged platform for web applications.
We see three mechanisms that will expand the functionality of browsers. Application functions can be accessed, firstly, from the browser, and secondly, using extensions, which again will allow operations to be carried out in the browser window. And thirdly, you can install applications to get maximum functionality.
Modern web technologies make it possible to scale the same web page to different types of devices with different screen sizes. And now, when creating websites, developers think about how these sites will look on the screen of mobile devices. As a result of this symbiosis, sites become more “hybrid”, suitable for different types of devices. This process, of course, has both positive and negative sides. The positive thing is that users do not have to constantly make a choice between the mobile and full-fledged versions of Internet sites. The downside is that many popular sites will have to be redone practically from scratch.
Conclusion
The topic of browsers is very broad and almost inexhaustible, because today there are quite a large number of browsers, some similar to each other and some not. And having analyzed, researched and compared only a part of them, it is impossible to say with great confidence which one is the best, despite the fact that quite popular browsers were compared. Each browser has its own advantages, disadvantages and individual capabilities, therefore, each user can find a browser to their liking. Therefore, you should try using several browsers, and only then make your final choice. But quite often, users install programs that are more widely known, so it is very difficult for lesser-known browsers to break into the light.
Bibliography
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2. Toporkov S. “Alternative browsers” M.: “DMK Press” 2006. - 320s.
3. Wikipedia [Electronic resource]: multilingual. encyclopedia; http://ru. wikipedia.org
4. 3D NEWS: Daily Digital Digest [Electronic resource]: news portal; http://www.3dnews.ru
5. GreatWeb.ru [Electronic resource]: portal for PC users http://greatweb.ru
6. ELEMELOT [Electronic resource]; http://elemelot. narod.ru
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