Presentation on the topic of graphic file formats. Graphic file formats (presentation)
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PNG format This format, created specifically for use on the Internet to replace GIF, compresses graphic information without loss of quality. Unlike GIF, it compresses raster images not only horizontally, but also vertically, which provides a higher compression ratio. The color depth can be any, up to 48 bits (RGB, for comparison, is 24), and smoothly transitioning transparency is supported. The PNG file records gamma correction information. Gamma is a certain number that characterizes the dependence of the brightness of your monitor screen on the voltage on the electrodes of the kinescope. This number, read from the file, allows you to enter a brightness correction when displaying. It is needed so that a picture created on a Mac looks the same on a PC and on Silicon Graphics. Thus, this feature helps implement the main idea of WWW - the same display of information regardless of the user’s equipment. PNG files can do all the basics graphic editor.
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TIFF Format TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) - the hardware-independent TIFF format is one of the most widespread and reliable today; it is supported by almost all programs on PC and Macintosh in one way or another related to graphics. TIFF is best choice when importing raster graphics into vector programs and publishing systems. It has a full range of color models available from monochrome to RGB, CMYK and additional Pantone colors. TIFF can store Photoshop vectors, Alpha channels for creating masks in Adobe Premiere video clips, and a ton of other additional data. Biggest problems usually causes LZW compression, sometimes used in TIFF "e. A number of programs (for example, QuarkXPress 3.x and Adobe Streamline) cannot read such files, in addition, they may take longer to output to printers and phototypesetting machines. Only if the file is compressed in 3-4 times, the result is a gain in withdrawal time.
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“Graphic image” - Z. Illustrative graphics Drawing using a computer based on the use of graphic editors. Monitor. Pseudographic printing on a sign printing device in the form of a mosaic of symbols. Colored. Pixel. Design graphics Preparation of drawings in the process of designing technical structures.
"Computer Image" - Mapping night tone to day tone. Reconstruction of the head shape from photographs (3). IP -> CV -> CG. Scene reconstruction and photomontage. Reconstruction of the head shape from photographs. At the input and output of the image The simplest examples: changing the brightness, saturation, contrast of images. Organization of the course.
“Engineering graphics” - During the Renaissance, the laws of linear and aerial perspective were theoretically substantiated. Petrine reforms of the early 18th century. accelerated the development of graphic culture in Russia. The theoretical foundations of descriptive geometry are associated with the name of G. Monge (1746-1818). One of the first known works on engineering graphics was the treatise “10 Books on Architecture” by the Roman engineer Vitruvius (1st century BC).
"Raster images" - Encoding raster graphic information into decimal system Reckoning. RT: No. 39 (1), p. 31. Objective: 4. Insignificant zeros. Introduction to the principles of black-and-white and color coding raster images. 12. 11. Raster coding of graphic information. Kinds computer graphics. 04.06.2012. 00001001.
“Types of computer graphics” - Types of computer graphics. Vector graphics are object-based. Raster. View – Scale – Custom – 800% View – Scale – Show Grid. Line. The simplest element is an equilateral triangle. Vector graphics. Smallest element. Triangle. Start – programs – standard – paint. Draw any picture in vector and raster form.
“Graphic files” - Butterfly.psd. Raster - raster. Raster – vector (tracing) Corel TRACE. Butterfly.tiff. Vector – raster (rasterization) Adobe Photoshop. Butterfly.doc. Formats graphic files. Vector formats-. Raster formats. Convert files from one format to another. Vector - vector.
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BMP format BMP - (Windows Bitmap) was developed by Microsoft as compatible with all Windows applications. This is "clean" raster format, where every pixel is encoded, therefore, of all raster formats, it is the most “heavy” (i.e., having the largest information volume). Advantages: high quality images Disadvantages: very large file size, which makes it very difficult or impossible to store and transfer, especially to the Internet These two files (on the left and on the right (just White background)) – BMP – pictures that have the same information volume!!! (the size of the file does not depend on the degree to which the picture is filled with objects, since each pixel is encoded in both pictures). Raster graphics formats
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JPEG format JPEG - (Joint Photographic Experts Group) - specially compressed raster file(with loss of quality). JPEG looks for smooth color transitions by processing 8-pixel square blocks. Instead of actual values, JPEG stores the rate of change from pixel to pixel. He discards color information that, from his point of view, is poorly perceived by the human eye, averaging some values. The higher the compression level, the more data is discarded and the lower the quality. The format is hardware independent. Only the final version of the work should be saved in JPEG, because each re-saving leads to new losses (dropping) of data and transformations original image into porridge. Advantages: high image quality with small sizes file (compressing pictures tens and hundreds of times). The most common format, used for storing photographs and posting full-color images on the Internet. Disadvantages: does not support image transparency, image blur occurs with a high degree of compression. Raster graphics formats
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GIF format GIF - (Graphics Interchange Format) - created specifically for transferring images to the Internet by CompuServe. GIF can store images in indexed color mode (up to 256), i.e. By moving to the GIF format, we reduce the number of colors and file size (in cases where a simple picture does not require millions of colors). File compression is performed by replacing a sequence of identical characters with one multiplied by the number of repetitions (LZW algorithm). In addition, a GIF file can contain not one, but several raster images, which Internet browsers can load one after another with the frequency specified in the file. This is called GIF animation. Advantages: small file size, support for transparency and animation of drawings, the most popular format in Internet ( Web design– pages, banners). Disadvantages: the main limitation of using GIF is the small number of reproducible colors (up to 256). This is clearly not enough for printing. Raster graphics formats
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Example of GIF animation: The picture contains 3 layers (frames), in each of which one of the colors is “lit”. GIF “can” show frames (layers) one by one, creating the effect of a traffic light switching. GIF allows you to save files using interlace scanning. When using this method, the browser first shows every 8th line, then every 4th, every 2nd, and finally the full image is loaded. At the same time, a visitor to your page will be able to understand what is drawn in this picture without waiting for it to fully load, which is very convenient. An example of interlaced loading of a picture on the Web page Raster Graphics Formats
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PSD format The PSD format is a standard format of the Adobe Photoshop package and differs from most conventional raster formats in its ability to store layers. The format supports alpha channels, layers, outlines, transparency, vector labels, etc. Perfect for transferring or storing images containing specific elements unique to Adobe Photoshop. The main disadvantage is that it is hardware dependent. Raster graphics formats
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PNG format This format, created specifically for use on the Internet to replace GIF, compresses graphic information without loss of quality. Unlike GIF, it compresses raster images not only horizontally, but also vertically, which provides a higher compression ratio. The color depth can be any, up to 48 bits (RGB, for comparison, is 24), and smoothly transitioning transparency is supported. The PNG file records gamma correction information. Gamma is a certain number that characterizes the dependence of the brightness of your monitor screen on the voltage on the electrodes of the kinescope. This number, read from the file, allows you to enter a brightness correction when displaying. It is needed so that a picture created on a Mac looks the same on a PC and on Silicon Graphics. Thus, this feature helps implement the main idea of WWW - the same display of information regardless of the user’s equipment. PNG files can be made by all major graphics editors Raster graphics formats
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TGA format TGA (Targa) is the name graphics adapter Truevision, which was the first to use the TGA format. The format can store images with a color depth of up to 32 bits. Along with the standard three RGB channels, the TGA file has an additional alpha channel to represent information about the transparency of the image. Information may be compressed. The main advantage is that the format is used software products many well-known companies in the world of computer graphics. Raster graphics formats
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TIFF format TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) - the hardware-independent TIFF format is one of the most widespread and reliable today; it is supported by almost all programs on PC and Macintosh in one way or another related to graphics. TIFF is the best choice when importing raster graphics into vector programs and publishing systems. It has a full range of color models available from monochrome to RGB, CMYK and additional Pantone colors. TIFF can save Photoshop vectors, Alpha channels for creating masks in Adobe Premiere video clips, and a lot of other additional data. The biggest problems are usually caused by LZW compression, sometimes used in TIFF. A number of programs (for example, QuarkXPress 3.x and Adobe Streamline) cannot read such files; in addition, they may take longer to output to printers and phototypesetting machines. Only if the file is compressed 3-4 times, there is a gain in output time.
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Let's sum it up... BMP format– very high quality graphics, but large file size; JPEG format is the most suitable for storage high-quality images and photographs, acceptable ratio of quality and file size; JPEG format is commonly used for drawings High Quality containing thousands and millions of colors (up to 16.7 million shades); The convenience of using JPEG images is that by changing the quality of the image, you can control the degree of file compression; The browser is only able to load JPEG images linearly, from top line to the bottom; GIF format the best way suitable for images containing a small amount different colors; Let's sum it up...
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To sum it all up... the interleaved GIF image is loaded at low resolution at first, and then gradually improves in quality as the whole image appears. This way, the user can see the gist of the image before the entire image appears; One of the colors of GIF images can be made transparent so that the background color of the current browser window can be seen; TIFF file format is used as a universal interchange format digital images; PNG (Portable Network Graphics) format is an alternative to the GIF format, but allows you to save millions of colors in an image; Let's sum it up...
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Graphics optimization The meaning of graphics optimization is to reduce the information volume of a graphic file, especially for posting it on the Internet. Let us remember that the file size depends on the image size in pixels and color depth: Therefore, you can reduce the image volume (optimize) in the following ways: reducing the image size in pixels (A × B); reducing color depth I (using fewer colors); file compression (compression) special methods, discarding part of the color information, using GIF formats. Graphics Optimization FILE SIZE (V) = A ×B ×I
Raster graphics file formats The most common format for operating system Windows – Bitmap, with .bmp extension. This format is distinguished by its versatility and is de facto standard for Windows applications. If graphics program designed to work in Windows system, it cannot fail to be able to export or import files of this format. Characteristic disadvantage Windows format Bitmap is big size files due to lack of image compression. On at this stage Varieties of the .bmp format have appeared that have the property of compressing information, but these formats are not supported by all Windows applications.
Graphic files and the Internet For Web documents, file size is important, since the speed of access to information depends on it. Therefore, when preparing web pages They use two types of graphic formats that provide the most dense compression. To store color photographs, the JPEG format is used, the files of which have the extension .jpg. This format is different in that it provides data storage with a huge degree of compression, but at the expense of losing some information. If the file was recorded in the .jpg format, then after unpacking, the resulting file may not correspond to the original one, although this is hardly noticeable in illustrations such as color photographs. The amount of information loss can be controlled when saving the file.
GIF Format Except JPEG format, the GIF format is used on the Internet. This is the densest of graphic formats and has no loss of information. Files in this format have the extension .gif. Low-color images, such as hand-drawn illustrations, are stored and transmitted in this format. The GIF format allows you to create unusual effects: Background transparency and image animation.
PNG format PNG (English portable network graphics, abbreviation pronounced in English /p ɪ ŋ/ raster format for storing graphic information using lossless compression using the Deflate algorithm. PNG (English portable network graphics, abbreviation pronounced in English /p ɪ ŋ/ raster format for storing graphic information using lossless compression using the Deflate algorithm. English/p ɪ ŋ/ raster lossless compression Deflate English/ p ɪ ŋ/ raster lossless compression Deflate PNG was created as a free format to replace GIF, so a recursive one appeared on the Internet acronym "PNGs Not GIF" PNG was created as a free format to replace GIF, so the recursive acronym "PNGs Not GIF" appeared on the Internet. free GIF on the Internet recursive acronym free GIF on the Internet recursive acronym Happy Birthday PNG can be traced back to January 4, 1995, when T. Bowtell proposed in a number of Usenet conferences to create a free format that would be as good as GIF, and within three weeks of the publication of the idea, four versions of the new format were developed. At first it was called PBF (Portable Bitmap Format), and received its current name on January 23, 1995. Already in December of the same year, the PNG specification version 0.92 was reviewed by the W3C consortium, and with the release of version 1.0 on October 1, 1996, PNG was recommended as a full-fledged network format. PNG's birthday can be considered January 4, 1995, when T. Bowtell proposed in a number of Usenet conferences to create a free format that would be no worse than GIF. And just three weeks after the idea was published, four versions of the new format were developed. At first it was called PBF (Portable Bitmap Format), and received its current name on January 23, 1995. Already in December of the same year, the PNG specification version 0.92 was reviewed by the W3C consortium, and with the release of version 1.0 on October 1, 1996, PNG was recommended as a full-fledged network format. UsenetW3CUsenetW3C The PNG format is designed to replace the outdated and more simple format GIF, and also, to some extent, to replace the much more complex TIFF format. The PNG format is positioned primarily for use on the Internet and graphics editing. The PNG format is designed to replace the older and simpler GIF format, and to some extent to replace the much more complex TIFF format. The PNG format is positioned primarily for use on the Internet and graphics editing.GIFTIFF InternetGIFTIFF Internet
PNG supports three main types of bitmaps: bitmaps bitmaps Halftone (16-bit color depth) Halftone (16-bit color depth) Halftone color depth Halftone color depth Color indexed image (8-bit palette for 24-bit color depth) Color indexed image (8-bit palette for 24-bit color) Indexed color image Indexed color image Full-color image (48-bit color depth) Full-color image (48-bit color depth) Full-color image Full-color image The PNG format stores graphic information in a compressed form. Moreover, this compression is performed without losses, unlike, for example, JPEG with losses. JPEG It has the following main advantages over GIF: an almost unlimited number of colors in the image (GIF uses 8-bit color at best); virtually unlimited number of colors in an image (GIF uses 8-bit color at best); 8-bit color8-bit color optional alpha channel support; optional support for alpha channel; alpha channel gamma correction; possibility of gamma correction; gamma correction two-dimensional interlaced scanning; two-dimensional interlaced scanning; interlaced scanning interlaced scanning; the ability to expand the format with user-defined blocks (APNG, in particular, is based on this). the ability to expand the format with custom blocks (in particular, APNG is based on this). APNG
The PNG format has more high degree compression for files with more colors than GIF, but the difference is about 5-25%, which is not enough for the absolute dominance of the format, since the GIF format compresses small 2-16 color files with no less efficiency. PNG is good format for image editing, even for storing intermediate stages of editing, since image restoration and resaving takes place without loss of quality. Also, unlike, for example, TIFF, the PNG specification does not allow implementation authors to choose which features they are going to implement. Therefore, any saved PNG image can be read by any other application that supports PNG. Different implementations of the Deflate algorithm provide different degrees of compression, so programs have been created to compress images with several settings options in order to obtain best compression for example, fork pngcrush OptiPNG and advpng from the AdvanceCOMP kit (uses 7-Zip) pngcrush OptiPNGAdvanceCOMP 7-Zippngcrush OptiPNGAdvanceCOMP 7-Zip
TIFF format Special requirements The printing industry is concerned about image quality, which is why they use the TIFF format with the .tiff extension. They provide a good compression ratio and the ability to save in one file Additional information in invisible auxiliary layers - channels.
Image creation tools To create raster images Image creation tools: Painter, Fauve Matisse, Paint. These graphic editors focus on using convenient tools drawing and creating new artistic tools and materials. Image processing tools: Adobe Photoshop, Photostyler, Picture Publisher, etc. Image cataloging tools: cataloging programs that allow you to view pictures - Imagimg, ACDSee, etc. For creating vector images If the main requirement for an image is high accuracy of shapes, then special graphic editors are used that are designed to work with vector graphics. Editors such as: Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Photoshop and PageMaker, Macromedia Freehend, CorelDraow, as well as vector graphics can be implemented in Word.
Practical task HELLO! Create this drawing in .bmp format, then convert it to TIFF, make a copy of it in GIF, JEPG format. (create files relative to the .bmp format). Observe the quality of the drawing, the size of the files in different formats and draw a conclusion.
