Why does the computer turn off spontaneously? Reasons for sudden computer shutdown

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If the computer turns off by itself some time after turning it on, this is serious violation in his work. The cause could be either a software error or a hardware malfunction. How to solve the problem spontaneous shutdown, described in this article.

Software reason

Principle of operation operating system Windows is like this: the settings of each software or data about the PC hardware are recorded in a special database called the registry. The peculiarity is that over time it becomes clogged with outdated or damaged records. It is the latter that can lead to random shutdown of the computer.

One of the reasons for their appearance is the impact of malware (especially given frequent changes user standard settings security). To clean your system from such programs, scan it with the latest version of antivirus.

An example of using the portable antivirus product “Dr. Web CureIt! ":

Cleaning your computer of malware does not guarantee that the problem will be eliminated. In some cases, you need to edit the registry manually. This is a complex process that only a professional can do. Therefore, most effective solution in this situation, you will restore the system from a backup or reinstall the OS.

Problems in the hardware

The state of the PC hardware directly and often affects Windows performance. Pay attention, first of all, to the most important parts of the hardware.

Power supply failure

The power supply is responsible for supplying DC all nodes of the computer. Problems due to which the power supply decides to shut down:

Low voltage in the network. Usually occurs due to the inclusion of powerful devices in the electrical network. Partially solved by connecting a voltage stabilizer to the computer.
Powerful hardware. Demanding PC components may require more power than the power supply can supply, which may also cause it to shut down. In this case, it is necessary to replace it with a more powerful one.
Insufficient cooling. Overheating of the power supply occurs either due to poor fan operation (requires lubrication or replacement), or due to accumulation large quantity dust, from which it must be cleaned regularly.
Faulty capacitors. The problem is related both to the poor quality of the block as a whole and to its wear. This can be solved either by resoldering the capacitors or by replacing the power supply with a new one.

Overheating of the processor or video card

The central processor and video processor may overheat due to insufficient heat removal from them by the cooling system. Typically, this happens when they are loaded with “heavy” applications: games, video editors, etc.

There is software that can be used to monitor hardware temperature in real time. For example, " ".

If the CPU or GPU temperature at normal mode operation exceeds 60 °C, then measures must be taken to reduce it.

Visually inspect the “insides” of the PC. A large amount of dust indicates the need for cleaning. Additionally, this may be indicated by the characteristic sound of fans (increased hum) that remove heat from processor radiators. Also, don’t forget about thermal paste, which plays an important role in the cooling process and requires replacement every six months.

For safe and high-quality computer cleaning, call a specialist. If you want to do it yourself (for example, get rid of dust on the cooler and replace the thermal paste), follow these steps:

Important! Perform these actions at your own peril and risk! The success of the procedure depends on your level of competence. Make sure there is no voltage before starting work.

To remove dust from your video card:

RAM problem

A common problem associated with RAM at the hardware level is dust getting on the contacts of the strips. To remove it, follow these steps:

Advice! If you have several memory sticks, try testing them by inserting them one by one into one slot. The next time you turn off the computer, one of them can be identified as problematic.

Also in cases high load(for example, during overclocking) for sticks with large amounts of memory, you can use special radiators that improve heat transfer and prevent overheating.

conclusions

At random shutdown computer, it is important to determine the cause of the malfunction. It can be both at the software and hardware levels. Having the appropriate knowledge, you can make the diagnosis yourself. Otherwise, you need to call a specialist.

Often, diagnosing computer malfunctions consists of searching for answers to one seemingly simple question - why does the computer turn off by itself? This problem is quite widespread among modern PCs.

In our article, we will look at the most typical cases of spontaneous PC shutdown and try to describe the method for solving each individual problem.

The computer turns off automatically during the game

Often, users immediately begin to look for the source of the problem in the video card, but note that a faulty video card should be considered as a probable cause of shutdown only after checking 2 other computer components. Usually, when the video card is to blame, the symptoms look different, and the computer does not turn off itself, but simply freezes , or artifacts appear on his monitor.

The above symptoms apply not only to computer games. Any running “heavy” application or voluminous video causes a strong increase in the load on both the processor and the power supply.

The computer turns on and immediately turns off

This is where things can get a little more complicated. Along with the reasons described above, malfunctions of other computer components may also manifest themselves. So, if your computer immediately turns off when you turn it on, the first thing you should pay attention to is the RAM or motherboard. Here it is recommended to carry out diagnostics from simple to complex, and it’s worth starting with random access memory.

PC turns off for other reasons

In addition to the reasons described above, there are many other problems that can lead to spontaneous shutdown of the PC. And if you do not have sufficient testing experience and skills computer equipment, then it’s better not to risk it and call a specialist, or use the help of friends who are more competent in such matters.
Here we present a number of probable reasons that can lead to the computer turning off on its own:

dust accumulated in the system unit;
faulty extension cord, uninterruptible power supply or wiring;
voltage surges or low voltage in the electrical network.

All these factors should also not be ignored - especially since checking them will not take much of your time. It is worth noting that in addition to these reasons, there may be software reasons. For example, if your PC turns off periodically, then it is likely that it is infected with viruses and needs to be full check using antivirus programs.

Methods for checking a computer that turns off spontaneously for malfunctions

So, now having a certain list of “suspicions,” let’s take a more detailed look at checking each of the probable reasons for the spontaneous shutdown of the PC. Of course, you can check what exactly failed by simply replacing the component that is most suspected. But first, we still recommend cleaning the computer system unit from dust, of which a lot can accumulate there.

In order to exclude the processor from the list of suspicions, you will need to replace the thermal paste and test it using testing programs. For example, it is better to check the processor temperature through the BIOS system.

RAM can be checked for faults in the MemTest86 program. If critical errors are detected as a result of the check, then most likely there is a malfunction.

The easiest way to diagnose a power supply is with a multimeter, but this procedure should only be carried out by a trained person. Never climb into live equipment without proper training!

It is usually not difficult to check the motherboard - all faulty capacitors look slightly swollen. If the problem is microcracks, then it will not be as easy to detect it. Then you can either try to thoroughly vacuum the board, or throw it away with a clear conscience and buy a new one.

Thus, by checking or replacing each “suspicious” component one by one, we will most likely come to a solution to the problem of spontaneous shutdown of the computer. This method, on the one hand, is highly effective, but on the other hand, it is not accessible to everyone due to the lack of appropriate skills. However, we hope that the tips given here will be useful and help solve your problem.

Just the other day I was asked to look at a problematic client computer. The problem is that the computer is running an operating system Windows 10 shuts down on its own at startup or reboots some time after switching on, and at the very inopportune moment— during business hours, a small cafe. And the entire local network + cash register for selling fast food is tied to it.

As practice shows, the phenomenon when the computer reboots when turned on or even completely turns off a few minutes after starting is not uncommon, so I decided to analyze in detail in this article what could be the reasons for the computer to turn off spontaneously while playing or working and what to do if it reboots Windows 10 and also 7 or 8?

So, let's approach the problem step by step and divide our search into two parts - software and hardware. However, I can already make one generalization - the computer most often turns off or restarts on its own when loading - in games, or when working on complex graphics and processing a large amount of data.

The computer automatically restarts Windows 10 due to software errors

If Windows 10 reboots spontaneously some time after turning it on, first of all I recommend checking it for viruses, since in most cases related to the operation of programs, they are to blame. If you have an antivirus installed on your PC, then launch it and check everything that it can scan - yes, it may take a long time, but it is effective. If you don’t have an antivirus, I recommend using it. free utilities Dr.Web Cure It or analogues from Kaspersky Lab— Kaspersky Virus Removal Tool and Kaspersky Security Scan. And even better, all these programs in turn. This is easy to do - just download these free utilities from the links and run them on your computer. They will check it for viruses using the latest databases.
If the computer does not want to work at all and turns off by itself immediately after turning on, then download programs Kaspersky Rescue Disk or Dr.Web Live CD. Burn them onto CD discs and tune them into BIOS computer to start not from drive “C:” or “D:”, but from CD-ROM drive. This will also allow you to check your computer without starting infected Windows. You can get into the BIOS by repeatedly pressing the “Del” key during the first seconds Windows startup.
Other probable cause- installing a new driver or program that is incompatible with your computer’s hardware, or that has introduced some system errors into the operation of the operating system. So often large programs, which system requirements higher than the capabilities of your PC, can load the processor to values close to 100% of its performance, as a result of which it overheats and the system responds to this by turning off the computer. In this case, remember which programs you are in Lately installed and remove them. I described in detail how to properly remove programs from a computer.
The option may also help Windows boot in the "Load latest" mode successful configuration(with working parameters)". To start this mode, at the very beginning of the computer startup, press the “F8” key many times, after which a choice of boot options will appear.

Another way is to restore the system from a previously saved backup copy (if, of course, you made one), for example, using the program Acronis True Image. Ideally, of course, do system backup on removable media or external hard disk before installing each new program.

In addition to Acronis, it is possible to use the built-in Windows utility on restoration. It is called via the chain “Start - Control Panel - System and Security”. Select from the menu “Restore the previous state of the computer”

And click the “Run System Restore” button

A list of automatic or manually created ones will be displayed here. backup copies, to which you can rollback.
Finally, another fairly common reason why the computer restarts by itself is when you installed Windows 7 yourself, but did not activate it, or entered the wrong one. license key. In this case, the protection against duplicate keys is triggered, which prevents you from working normally. To solve the problem, you need to deactivate Windows and then activate it again with a different key. In order to do this, there are separate programs, but I will not advertise them, since, as I see it, this method not entirely legal - look it up on the Internet yourself.

Windows 10 on the computer restarts or shuts down after a few minutes due to hardware problems

If all of the above methods did not work, then most likely the reason is in the hardware, that is, the filling and equipment of the computer. Most often, a spontaneous reboot occurs due to overheating of the processor or video card. For example, I can say with 70% confidence that this is “the one” when the computer regularly turns off during a game (I’ll leave 30% for the incompatibility of the power supply with your video card). Download to check Everest program or already discussed in one of the previous Speccy lessons. These utilities, in addition to determining information about all the equipment that makes up your computer, show the current temperature of each of them.

For normal operation, the processor temperature (CPU) should not be higher than 60 degrees Celsius. If yours is higher, then you need to look for the reasons for excessive heating. The most common case is dust. The computer regularly, at least once a year, needs to undergo maintenance - clean dust by blowing with a vacuum cleaner and lubricate the junction of the processor and the cooling radiator with thermal paste.

Overheating can also be caused by a faulty one of the fans - external and internal. Check their operation and replace if necessary. Other causes of overheating may be:

The heatsink is not firmly attached to the processor (for example, one of the latches has come off)
Faulty motherboard
Incorrect settings in the BIOS, which can be fixed by resetting it to its original state

We have considered all the most common cases, so if the problem still remains, it is rare, but the malfunction occurs in the following:

Other possible reasons for your computer restarting after a while

A video card malfunctions when it consumes too much current and thereby drains the power supply. checked by installation work card.
Malfunction
power supply

— checked by connecting a working power supply.

Faulty RAM module. If your computer or laptop has several RAM modules installed, then you can find the faulty one simply by removing them one by one and checking their functionality without each of them. You can also test the memory of one of the programs - Memtest86, Memcheck, Sandra.
Motherboard malfunction - for example, due to electrolytic capacitors of power filters.
You can also detect this problem yourself. Open the lid of the computer and find cylindrical radio elements near the heatsink on the processor, with the bottom facing you. If their bottom is swollen, it means they are not suitable for work.
Crash BIOS operation- either change the battery or reset the settings using special jumper(see instructions for your model motherboard)
Processor failure - diagnosed by installing a working processor
Malfunction hard drive- if it breaks down, the system can take a very long time to load, and the hard drive can make characteristic clanging sounds.

So we looked at all the most common reasons why a Windows computer turns itself off or restarts while playing or working with documents, and what to do in this case. I hope these tips help you!

Turning off your computer on its own is a serious and common problem. It is worth noting that such problems occur not only with PCs, but also with laptops. On the Internet you can find a lot of information explaining the occurrence of this type of failure. But there are few sensible answers. So why does the computer turn itself off? And how to fix this problem? Let's first look at everything possible reasons occurrence of this problem, as well as ways to eliminate it.

Why does the PC turn off on its own and how to fix the problem

Let's start with the fact that a computer consists of a large number of parts, microchips, capacitors, and so on. We will not list all the components, since there is no need for us to do so. But I focused your attention on this for a reason. The fact is that the reason for the computer's power outage may lie in one of the faulty nodes. But more on that a little later.

Now let's talk about the user as the reason for the unauthorized shutdown of the machine. And no need to be surprised! First of all, we are often to blame ourselves. The computer communicates with us, notifies us about possible problems, which, it would seem, do not pose serious problems. And we don’t even pay attention to such messages. Just “alt+F4” or a cross in the corner of the screen. But in vain. Very often, from a certain number of small problems, one big one turns out. And often this means turning off the power to the machine. The system often notifies us about problems, about the inability to read any sector, and so on. If at first glance it seems that this is just Microsoft’s troubles, then in reality everything is much more serious.

The OS does warn the user about problems that are minor this moment, but may soon cause serious disruptions. For example, the inability to read a sector may indicate the imminent death of the hard drive.

There are also situations when the computer, after booting, turns off after a certain period of time without saying a word. Let's say you booted up your computer and opened your favorite toy. You are playing carefree and suddenly the screen goes dark and the power to the system unit is turned off. IN in this case There may be several options.

CPU overheating. This is possible if there is insufficient cooling or the cooler is very dusty. The BIOS system constantly monitors the processor temperature using special sensors. When the proc. heats up to a critical level, a command is given to turn off the computer, and instantly, since in the next second it may already be too late. The solution is simple:

disassemble the system unit, carefully remove the cooler and clean the radiator from dust.
If there is no dust, then it is very possible that the installed cooler does not remove heat well. Buy a more powerful cooling option.

Dusty video card. This is also possible. The BIOS also monitors its temperature. When there is a threat of overheating, a command is given to turn off the PC. You can fix the problem by cleaning the card from dust, or by placing an additional fan next to it.
Insufficient voltage power. In this case, the power supply is most often to blame. It is necessary to replace it with a more powerful one.

The solution to each problem, if it applies to you, should be applied as quickly as possible.

Note:
If the critical temperature of the processor or video card has been reached, after turning off the power, the computer will not turn on for some time. This is a reinsurance of the security system. Wait 15 minutes, after which you can start the car.

Sometimes there are situations when the reason automatic shutdown A PC can become a RAM. On one of the rulers (if there are several of them installed), the microchip fails and it begins to work incorrectly. The BIOS records this and, as soon as there is a suspicion of a RAM malfunction, turns off the power to the computer. You can check the health of your RAM directly from Windows 7. No matter how much we blame Microsoft, we should give them credit here. A useful thing was built into the operating system. You can check your RAM using the mdsched command. To do this, press “Win + R” on the keyboard and in the “Run” window that opens, enter this command. Next, a RAM test will be performed and the system will prompt you to reboot. We fulfill her request and after loading, read the test results in the tray.

It also happens that the reason for de-energizing the system unit may be HDD with a faulty file system. But in such situations, the system may not even boot. If it boots, but the power is still turned off, check the disk using the Run item (press “Win + R” on the keyboard, or Start, and Run) and enter the command chkdsk "drive letter". Or, through your computer, open the disk properties and go to the service tab. Further click check disk, check the checkboxes to scan and repair damaged sectors and automatically correct system errors.

By the way, some viruses can include parental control and install certain time computer operation. If in technically PC is fine, then check this feature and scan all drives for malware.

Turning off the PC immediately after turning it on

Sometimes users encounter a problem when the computer turns on and turns off immediately. There are much fewer options here and not all of them are optimistic.

Processor malfunction. It is very easy to define. After pressing the power button the screen does not even light up. The machine runs for 30 seconds and, showing no signs of life, turns off. There is only one solution: buy a new processor.
Failure of one or more capacitors. In such cases, the computer will notify you of a malfunction with a signal. But don’t try to fix such a problem yourself if you are a non-professional electrician. They will only help you with service.
Problems with the power button. Sometimes it happens. If everything is in order with the capacitors and processor, check the contacts of the start button, as well as its condition.
Power unit. In this case it is not his output voltage. The wires may be damaged or the plugs may be poorly connected. Check everything and replace the power supply if necessary.

Based on my own experience, I can confidently say that in most cases the computer turns on and immediately turns off due to a faulty processor. Therefore, I advise you to first pay attention to this device.

Automatic shutdown of laptop

When the problem of self-shutdown occurs with these gadgets, it is easier to install it. Here are the main reasons why this can happen:

Still the same processor overheating. But here the cooler cannot be replaced. Either clean it from dust or buy a cooling pad.
Video card overheating. In the case of a laptop, even cleaning it from dust will not help, because there is nothing there to collect dust. Just give the technique a rest.
Faulty RAM line. Perform the test as described above. If a problem is detected, take the device to a service center to have the RAM replaced.
HDD. Laptops are often moved from place to place, so problems with it arise very often. Periodically check the disk for system errors and damaged sectors.
Also parental controls. Check this service and also scan your hard drive.

There are not many cases when a laptop turns on and turns off immediately. But, unfortunately, they are not all rosy at all.

Processor or motherboard. In principle, for a laptop it is the same thing. In laptops it's one thing. Therefore, if the equipment turns on, but the screen does not light up and after 30 seconds the beech turns off, it means that one of the two has failed. And what doesn’t matter anymore, since everything will have to be changed together.
Battery problems. I came across gadgets that had a damaged battery installed. It all ended with the purchase of a new one and it wasn’t very expensive. But there may also be a problem with the power socket. Then everything is much more serious. The equipment will have to be sent in for repair.

We looked at the main reasons why computers and laptops turn off power on their own, as well as ways to troubleshoot problems that arise. As you can see from this article, all these problems have a solution. If it is not possible to fix them yourself, then service centers will always help.

Spontaneous computer shutdown is a fairly common occurrence among inexperienced users. This happens for a number of reasons, and some of them can be fixed manually. Others require contacting service center specialists. This article will focus on solving problems with PC shutdowns or reboots.

Let's start with the most common reasons. They can be divided into those that are the result of a careless attitude towards the computer and those that do not depend on the user in any way.

Overheat. This is the elevated temperature of PC components at which they normal operation simply impossible.
Lack of electricity. This reason may be due to a weak power supply or electrical problems.
Faulty peripheral equipment. This could be, for example, a printer or monitor, and so on.
Failure electronic components boards or entire devices - video cards, hard drives.
Viruses.

The list above is compiled in the order in which the reasons for the shutdown should be identified.

Reason 1: Overheating

A local increase in temperature on computer components to a critical level can and should lead to constant shutdowns or reboots. Most often, the processor, video card and CPU power circuits suffer from this. To eliminate the problem, it is necessary to eliminate factors that lead to overheating.

Dust on the radiators of the cooling systems of the processor, video adapter and others on the motherboard. At first glance, these particles are something very small and weightless, but in large accumulations they can cause a lot of trouble. Just look at a cooler that hasn't been cleaned for several years.

All dust from coolers, radiators, and the PC case in general must be removed using a brush, or better yet, a vacuum cleaner (compressor). Compressed air cylinders that perform the same function are also available for sale.
Insufficient ventilation. In this case, hot air does not escape outside, but accumulates in the case, negating all the efforts of the cooling systems. It is necessary to ensure the most efficient ejection of it outside the body.

Another reason is the placement of PCs in tight niches, which also impede normal ventilation. System unit should be placed on or under a table, that is, in a place where fresh air is guaranteed.
Dried thermal paste under the CPU cooler. The solution here is simple - change the thermal interface.
Video card cooling systems also contain paste, which can be replaced with fresh one. Please note that dismantling the device yourself will void the warranty, if any.
Power circuits. In this case, the mosfets, the transistors that supply electricity to the processor, overheat. If they have a radiator, then underneath there is a thermal pad that can be replaced. If it is not there, then it is necessary to provide forced ventilation of this area with an additional fan.

This point does not concern you if you have not overclocked the processor, since under normal conditions the circuits cannot warm up to critical temperature, but there are exceptions. For example, setting powerful processor into a cheap motherboard with a small number of power phases. If this is the case, then you should think about purchasing a more expensive board.

Reason 2: Lack of electricity

This is the second most common reason for shutting down or restarting a PC. Both a weak power supply and problems in the electrical network of your premises may be to blame for this.

Reason 3: Faulty peripheral equipment

Periphery is external devices, connected to a PC - keyboard and mouse, monitor, various MFPs, etc. If at any stage of their work problems arise, for example, short circuit, then the power supply can simply “go into protection”, that is, turn off. In some cases, faulty USB devices, such as modems or flash drives, can also lead to shutdown.

The solution is to disconnect the suspicious device and check the functionality of the PC.

Reason 4: Failure of electronic components

This is the most serious problem that causes system failures. Most often, capacitors fail, which allows the computer to function, but intermittently. On old motherboards with installed electrolytic components, faulty ones can be identified by a swollen case.

On new boards, without using measuring instruments, it is impossible to identify the problem, so you will have to go to service center. You also need to go there for repairs.

Reason 5: Viruses

Virus attacks can affect the system in different ways, including affecting the shutdown and reboot process. As we know, Windows has buttons that send "shutdown" commands to shutdown or restart. So, malware can cause spontaneous “pressing”.

To check your computer for viruses and remove them, it is advisable to use free utilities from venerable brands -,.
If the problem cannot be solved, then you can turn to specialized resources, where they can help you get rid of “pests” completely free of charge, for example, Safezone.cc.
The last resort to solve all problems is to reinstall the operating system with mandatory formatting of the infected hard drive.

As you can see, the reasons causing self-shutdown a lot of computers. Eliminating most of them will not require any special skills from the user, just a little time and patience (sometimes money). Having studied this article, you must make one simple conclusion: it is better to play it safe and prevent these factors from occurring than to waste energy on eliminating them later.