Promising technologies for the batteries of the future. Miniature super-capacity batteries have been developed

A powerful battery is one of important characteristics modern smartphone, which buyers pay attention to. A capacious battery allows you to use the gadget for several days without recharging, listen to music, surf world wide web and just make calls. Some models can “live” 20 hours of talk time, 70 hours of listening to music (3 days!) and up to 1000 hours of standby time. These “battery phones” will be discussed in our rating. best smartphones with a powerful battery.

The position in the ranking will depend not only on battery power, but also on other characteristics, including price, screen diagonal, amount of RAM, scratch resistance, weight and, of course, reviews from real users.

1. Standby time – at least 700 hours
2. Talk time – at least 40 hours
3. Memory (GB) – the size of the phone’s built-in memory must be at least 32 GB
4. RAM capacity (MB) – at least 3072 MB
5. Screen resolution – at least 1920x1080
6. GLONASS – the ability to determine coordinates using the GLONASS system
7. Number of processor cores – at least 4
8. Camera quality - for some users it is important that the smartphone not only has a capacious battery, but also allows you to shoot relatively high quality photos
9. Scratch-resistant glass – the phone screen has a protective glass that is scratch-resistant
10. Maximum memory card capacity (GB) – the minimum capacity that the phone can support should be 64 GB.
11. HSDPA / HSUPA – support mobile phone new generation wireless data transmission technologies
12. Weight (g) – preference is given to lighter devices

For quite objective reasons, the rating was attended mainly by Chinese smartphones. This shouldn’t be surprising, since the “Chinese” began to produce truly the most capacious phones, and most importantly, at quite affordable price and acceptable quality.

The best inexpensive smartphones with a powerful battery: budget up to 10,000 rubles.

3 BQ BQ-5059 Strike Power

Best price
A country:
Average price: 5,990 RUR
Rating (2018): 4.5

Let's start from the very beginning budget smartphone– representative of BQ company. This is a typical representative of the budget family, but not without pleasant features. What interests us most is the powerful 5000 mAh battery. Under high load conditions it will last 2-3 days. In addition, there is OTG, through which you can not only connect flash drives, but also recharge other, weaker smartphones. I was also pleased with the display – 5’, HD resolution, IPS matrix – the quality is excellent for such a cheap device. Finally, you can praise the device for the latest version of the OS – Android 7.0.

Otherwise, the disadvantages begin due to the extremely low cost. Firstly, the small amounts of RAM and permanent memory - 1 and 8 GB, respectively - do not allow you to fully work with several applications or install “heavy” games. And it’s unlikely that you’ll be able to play - the simple MediaTek MT6580 will provide the proper level of fps only in undemanding casual games. Secondly, there is no 4G LTE, which is unforgivable for a modern smartphone.

2 Meizu M6 Note 16GB

The highest quality budget long-liver
Country: China
Average price: 10,490 RUR
Rating (2018): 4.7

It just so happened that all three leaders in budget segment occupied by Chinese manufacturers. But Meizu is the most famous and civilized of them. The model stands out poorly. The battery is “only” 4000 mAh, but judging by user reviews, with intensive use it lasts for two days, and as a “dialer” the M6 ​​Note will last 5-6 days. Subject to function support fast charging Qualcomm Quick Charge 3.0, with which the phone replenishes the battery capacity in a little more than an hour, has no complaints about autonomy at all.

The rest is average for 2017: “not trendy” 16:9 screen, Android 7.0, 16 GB of permanent memory. But there are also enough advantages: 4G support, a good processor (Snapdragon 625), high-quality photos and sound. We highly recommend it!

1 DOOGEE BL5500 Lite

The most trendy smartphone with powerful battery
Country: China
Average price: 8,930 ₽
Rating (2018): 4.7

The iPhone X laurels are keeping the Chinese from DOOGEE awake. This is clearly visible in the design of the budget BL5500 - a vertical camera position, a “unibrow”, rounded edges and relatively thin frames - all in accordance with the trends. At the same time, the autonomy will please those who still remember push-button devices that last a week on a single charge. Battery capacity 5500 mAh. It claims 35 hours of talk time and almost a month (!) of waiting time. In reality, you should expect 2.5-3 days of active use.

In addition, the “filling” does not predispose to excessive energy consumption. It uses a 6.19" display with a resolution of only 1500x720 pixels, a simple 4-core processor from MediaTek and 2 GB of RAM (16 GB of ROM). But DOOGEE can boast of 4G, a dual camera and a fingerprint scanner.

The best smartphones with a powerful battery in the mid-segment: budget up to 25,000 rubles.

3 Xiaomi Mi Max 2 64GB

Largest display
Country: China
Average price: 11,400 ₽
Rating (2018): 4.6

The category of long-lasting mid-class smartphones Mi Max 2 from Xiaomi opens. The model turned out to be so successful that it earned a huge amount positive feedback professional testers and ordinary users. And this is not the first time this giant with a 6.44-inch screen appears on our website. The FullHD IPS matrix provides excellent image quality, which makes watching videos, playing games and simply surfing the Internet extremely pleasant. At the same time, you don’t have to worry about autonomy, because the engineers managed to install a 5300 mAh battery in a thin 7.6 mm case. It is enough for two full working days. Don’t worry about long recharge times – Qualcomm Quick Charge 3.0 fast charging technology is used. By the way, modern USB Type-C present.

In terms of hardware, Mi Max 2 is typically average. The processor may be from 2017, but its power will be sufficient for most tasks in 2019. RAM 4 GB, internal memory 64 GB. There are all the necessary communication modules, and in addition to them, a rare but useful IR sensor for controlling equipment, Wi-Fi Direct and three navigation systems for maximum accuracy and speed.

2 Xiaomi Pocophone F1 6/64GB

Most powerful smartphone middle class
Country: China
Average price: 21,890 ₽
Rating (2018): 4.7

A flagship for 22 thousand rubles? It is quite possible if it is Xiaomi. Pocophone impresses with many things, including its battery. Capacity – non-standard for the class 4000 mAh. Most competitors are “weaker” by almost a third. This allows you to at least survive from early morning to late evening with very intensive use. And if you slow down, the battery will last the second day. In addition, there is fast charging from Qualcomm.

The rest of the characteristics are pleasing. 6.2’ display with FullHD+ resolution, most powerful processor Snapdragon 845, 6 GB RAM, support all modern standards connectivity, including Bluetooth 5.0. The dual camera is also great. In general, a very fast, but affordable and autonomous flagship from Xiaomi. Surprised!

1 ASUS ZenFone Max Pro M1 ZB602KL 3/32GB

The best combination of price, autonomy and characteristics
Country: China
Average price: 12,800 ₽
Rating (2018): 4.8

ASUS can hardly be called a leader in the smartphone market, but models like ZenFone Max Pro M1 deservedly received popular love. First of all, the model is interesting for its 5000 mAh battery. The manufacturer claims 42 hours of talk time and 840 hours of standby! In reviews, users boast of two or even three days of battery life under normal load.

I don't want to let go of the device. All thanks to a good 6-inch IPS display(2160x1080 pixels) and a powerful mid-level processor Qualcomm Snapdragon 636. There is not much memory - 3/32 GB (RAM/ROM), there is a slot for MicroSD. Communication modules are modern, as are Android version– 8.1. The only disappointment is the mediocre quality of the dual camera.

The best rugged smartphones with a powerful battery (shockproof and waterproof housing)

A smartphone is an integral part of the tools a modern person needs. They do not leave it alone at home, at work, or on vacation, which means there is a high probability of its breakdowns. To prevent this from happening, you should purchase additionally protected devices. The most sought-after characteristics are waterproof and shockproof.
The waterproof case is designed in a special way to protect the device from liquids. With such a gadget, you are not afraid to find yourself in the rain, sleet or splashes on the beach. It is worth remembering that not all models are completely sealed, so immersion in water can lead to serious damage and breakdown.
The shock resistance of the device is achieved by using special materials that prevent the smartphone from malfunctioning if it falls or hits a hard surface. For people who prefer active recreation and extreme sports, this device is suitable like no other.

4 Caterpillar S61

Good characteristics and unique features
A country: USA (manufactured in China)
Average price: 50,680 RUR
Rating (2018): 4.6

Caterpillar is known to many for its indestructible mining machines and clothing. The company's smartphone also has the same characteristics. The appearance is modest - no screws or hypertrophied linings. All the most interesting things are inside. What interests us most is the 4500 mAh battery. The indicator is not the best in its class, but it is enough for a couple of days of active use of the device. The manufacturer claims 35 hours of talk time and 888 hours of standby.

The processor, memory and cameras are average and do not deserve special attention. But about a thermal imager (for example, it will allow you to identify heat leaks in the house), a laser rangefinder (digital “roulette” with an error of only 5-8 mm) and an air quality sensor will definitely surprise you. There are likely to be many professions where the combination of these sensors, autonomy and ruggedness will come in handy.

3 DOOGEE S50 6/64GB

The most beautiful rugged smartphone
Country: China
Average price: 15,490 RUR
Rating (2018): 4.6

Most rugged smartphones resemble a brick, but not the DOOGEE S50. The model is brutal, but without excesses - elegance is also present. Everything is great inside too. The 5180 mAh battery is especially pleasing. At active use enough for 2.5-3 days. When going to the forest, you can safely count on a week of use in camera mode (besides, there are 4 cameras here, and they are not Bad quality) and rare calls.

The filling is average, but the manufacturer did not skimp on memory: 6 GB of RAM and 64 ROM. The case with a 5.7-inch HD+ screen (18:9 aspect ratio) is protected according to the IP68 standard, and, judging by user reviews, it withstands impacts very well. The only complaint about the S50 is the terrible quality of the speaker: the sound is quiet, wheezing, and does not always work - be sure to check before purchasing.

2 Blackview BV6000

Best price
Country: China
Average price: 11,990 RUR
Rating (2018): 4.0

The second position in the rating is occupied by another “robust” one, Blackview BV6000, which can even withstand washing in an automatic machine, after which it calmly returns to the standard operating mode. The presented smartphone, unlike its competitors, has best price at 13,000 rub. It is very rare to come across such a profitable offer on the market of rugged smartphones, given the fact that the device is no worse than similar models in terms of the quality of materials and performance characteristics.

The case is a well-assembled structure made of shockproof metal, plastic and third-generation Gorilla Glass. A wide 4.7-inch diagonal screen allows the user to comfortably watch videos and play games. Rear camera from Sony(13 MP) does good quality pictures, and the front one (5 MP) makes it possible to see a clear picture when communicating through video messengers. From nice bonuses The smartphone supports 4G LTE.

1 Conquest S8

Excellent equipment. 6000 mAh battery (22 hours talk time)
Country: China
Average price: 35,900 ₽
Rating (2018): 4.7

The clear leader in the rating among protected devices was the Conquest S8 smartphone. A capacious 6,000 mAh battery allows the device to operate in talk mode for 22 hours, and in standby mode for 950 hours. In addition, obvious advantage, the main thing will still be the “unbreakable” body of the gadget, made of high-strength metal and plastic. Many crash tests carried out clearly demonstrate perfect compliance with the characteristics declared by the manufacturer - the device is not afraid total immersion into water, strong impacts, falls from great heights, and even cars driving over it.

The device has a normal weight of 290 grams, a 5-inch screen and 16 GB of internal memory, expandable. The smartphone is equipped with a connector for an antenna, which is included in the kit. When using it, it is converted into a 1 W walkie-talkie with a frequency range of 400-470 MHz.

The best premium smartphones with a powerful battery

4 Xiaomi Mi Note 2 64GB

The lowest price. Ultra-thin body
Country: China
Average price: 19,490 RUR
Rating (2018): 4.5

Let's start with Mi Note 2 from Xiaomi, made in a minimalist design. There are no unnecessary inscriptions, complex shapes, unnecessary elements - everything is strictly and neatly, glass and metal. The front and back surfaces somewhat “float” onto the sidewalls, which creates a very pleasant visual effect. The model stands out for its record thickness – only 7.6 mm. At the same time, the battery is in no way inferior to those of competitors - 4070 mAh. How engineers managed to install such a battery in such a thin and light case is a mystery.

The screen is 5.7-inch, OLED, with a resolution of 1920x1080 pixels - the picture is excellent. CPU top level, but last year – Qualcomm Snapdragon 821. Paired with it, 4 GB of RAM is useful, because MiUI consumes RAM in buckets. The camera has a high resolution of 22 megapixels, but there is no optical stabilization. The pictures come out quite good. Also noteworthy is the use of a modern USB Type-C connector and support for fast charging - this is very useful for such a capacious battery.

3 Huawei Mate 10 Dual Sim

Great sound and built-in neural network
Country: China
Average price: 29,490 RUR
Rating (2018): 4.6

Huawei's flagship is not a typical smartphone. But first things first. Externally, the new product looks fresh, stylish, and original. The combination of metal and glass feels very pleasant in the hand. The display is almost six inches, but the frames, in line with trends, are minimal, which is why the dimensions of the device remain within reasonable limits. Performance is quite typical for its class. All modern communication modules, fingerprint scanner, dust and splash protection - full set gentleman. The battery is slightly smaller than the competition - 4000 mAh - but it's still significantly larger than most other flagships. Even in “hold your hands” mode, the phone will definitely survive from early morning until late evening. In economy mode, the battery can be extended for 2-2.5 days.

Several things deserve special attention. The most impressive thing is the neural network built into the processor. It “studies” the user and over time allows you to load into right time the right application for faster startup. It is also used for processing photos from the dual main camera module. Like many other Huawei smartphones, it uses one color (12 MP, f/1.6) and one monochrome module (20 MP). There is optical stabilization. Finally, the manufacturer decided to please audiophiles - Lossless sound is supported.

2 Huawei P20 Pro

The best camera on the market
Country: China
Average price: 46,650 RUR
Rating (2018): 4.7

Another representative of Huawei has today's top characteristics, but is no different from the previous participant in terms of battery. There is still the same 4000 mAh, which is enough for a day of active work or two with normal load for most users. But there is a fast charging function, with which the smartphone is charged to 100% in less than an hour!

The characteristics are typical of a flagship: 8-core HiSilicon Kirin 970, 6 GB of RAM, 4G LTE, NFC and many other goodies. But the camera is much more attractive: the triple module (40+20+8 megapixels) provides excellent quality of pictures and videos, recognized as the best on the market by authoritative publications. This is where it comes in handy capacious battery– you can take pictures with it all day!

1 Samsung Galaxy Note 9

High performance. Fast wireless charger
Country: South Korea
Average price: 59,990 RUR
Rating (2018): 4.8

The category leader again does not surprise with its battery. The already familiar 4000 mAh provides about 9 hours of screen operation when turned on wireless modules communications. For most users, a smartphone can last about two days. We have already seen all this from our competitors. What's more pleasing is the charging capabilities. In addition to fast charging via cable (up to 100% in 90 minutes), fast wireless (!) charging is supported. The speed is lower, but how convenient.

The characteristics are, of course, flagship: Exynos 9810 processor, 6 GB of RAM and 128 ROM, an excellent dual camera and all the most latest versions communication modules. Separately, we note the magnificent 6.4-inch AMOLED display with a resolution of 2960x1440 pixels and the built-in stylus, which significantly expands the use cases for Note 9.

The best push-button phones with a powerful battery

3 BQ BQ-2430 Tank Power

4000 mAh for 2 thousand rubles
A country: Russia (manufactured in China)
Average price: 1,910 ₽
Rating (2018): 4.6

The category opens with a model from BQ with a very brutal, military design. In reality, unfortunately, the device is neither shock- nor water-resistant. But the name Tank Power fully justifies - the 4000 mAh battery lasts a long time. No, for a very long time! In reviews, users say that they were unable to drain the phone after a month of use. All thanks to the simplest filling, which only allows you to make calls, write SMS and listen to the radio (fortunately, there is a built-in FM antenna).

The battery is so large that the manufacturer has provided for using the phone as a power bank - you can charge a second phone or any other device. The only negative is the need to use a MicroUSB plug with a long “spout” - another one simply won’t fit into the connector.

2 Digma LINX A230WT 2G

Best battery capacity (6000mAh)
Country: China
Average price: 3,000 ₽
Rating (2018): 4.7

When you first look at Digma Linx, you are amazed by its dimensions. The case dimensions are comparable to modern smartphones in width, with a thickness of 2.5 cm and a weight of almost 300 grams. And this without an additional antenna! Of course, the lion's share of the mass falls on the gigantic 6000 mAh battery. This is a record figure in the class, which will be the envy of many smartphones. Depending on the intensity of use, the phone lasts for 1-3 months. Of course, if you don’t use it as a powerbank (there’s even a full-size USB connector for that).

From interesting features It is also worth noting a very bright flashlight (“hits” about 40 meters), which is turned on by a separate toggle switch even when the phone is turned off, and a walkie-talkie mode, for which that same antenna is needed. There are a lot of shortcomings, but on hikes, for which LINX was created, you pay little attention to them.

1 Philips Xenium E570

Best Features and Quality
Country: Netherlands
Average price: 4,460 rub.
Rating (2018): 4.7

The flagship among push-button phones– this is exactly how you can characterize the Xenium E570. Yes, the model is expensive. Yes, there are some minor flaws in the system that you have to get used to. But high quality The build quality, reliability and performance outweigh these negatives. Even externally the device looks beautiful - a large amount of metal does its job. User reviews praise the main parameter for a dialer – the sound quality during a conversation. You hear your interlocutor well, and he, in turn, hears you well. Many budget phones often they cannot provide even this.

Among the pleasant features, we note the presence of a 2 MP camera, sufficient for shooting important documents, support for WAP and GPRS, and 128 MB of internal memory. Battery capacity 3160 mAh. The manufacturer claims autonomy in standby mode for about six months! In reality, the E570 lives for about 3 weeks active mode- an excellent indicator.

Would you like to have a smartphone with a battery that can “light” your car? And at the same time, so that it charges in a matter of seconds? Fantastic - you say. However, scientists from the University of Illinois have published their work, which gives us hope of seeing such superbatteries in the future.

This revolutionizes the concept of batteries. It can produce much more power than anyone can imagine. In recent decades, electronics have become more compact. The “thinking” parts of computers have also become smaller. And batteries are significantly behind. Our microtechnology can change all this. Now the power supply is as high-performance as everything else.

WITH modern sources power supply, the user has to choose between power and capacity. Some applications require large amounts of energy (for example, when transmitting radio signals over long distances). Capacitors are able to quickly release it, but at the same time storing it only in small quantities. Other tasks, such as listening to the radio for a long time, require a large source capacity, which is available, for example, in fuel cells and batteries. But they release electricity rather slowly.

The batteries, created by a team led by William P. King, create uncompromising batteries that deliver high power and high capacity. Moreover, with the help of simple adjustments production process, it is possible to vary the ratio of these parameters.

As you know, the efficiency of a battery directly depends on the surface area of ​​its electrodes. The team managed to significantly increase it using the following technological process. First, a layer of polystyrene is applied to the glass substrate. Then electrolytic nickel is “introduced” into this structure, which serves as the basis for future cathodes, and the polystyrene beads are etched. Nickel-tin is applied to the resulting spongy surface by galvanic method - on the anode and manganese dioxide - on the cathode. The whole essence of the process is clearly presented in the following illustration:

The end result is a structure with a huge surface area, freeing up more free space for chemical reactions to occur.

Scientists have managed to create a microbattery battery. The graph below shows its comparison with a regular Sony CR1620 battery:

With such batteries it is possible, for example, to transmit a radio signal over a distance 30 times greater than with conventional power sources or to reduce the size of the battery by 30 times. In addition, batteries can charge 1000 times faster than modern ones. Impressive, isn't it?

IN currently Scientists are working to integrate their batteries with other electronic components, and are also developing a manufacturing process that will allow them to be mass-produced at an affordable price.

Rare iPhone owner active work does not charge the smartphone in the evening. What’s more, most competitive devices of a similar level also suffer from power-hungry software and meager battery capacity. A socket or cigarette lighter often comes to the rescue of mAh-wasting users, but there are situations when all that’s left is you, the iPhone, and the red indicator that threatens to cut off the power to the device. It is precisely for such cases that the so-called Power Bank s, ready to feed the equipment with energy at any time. We decided to help potential buyers with their choice and weeded out seven of the highest quality external batteries, characterized by high-quality assembly, design, weight and other parameters.

Practice has shown that you should trust only branded manufacturers of the accessories under review, since the Chinese market only attracts 100,000 mAh for 2-3 thousand rubles, but in reality the recipient gets boxes full of bolts or a lack of batteries themselves inside, the number of which can charge an iPhone at most one and a half times . Most importantly, the brand provides a real container that allows you to more or less calculate the amount full charges devices. Therefore, no handicraft manufacturers, only venerable brands!

Mi Power Bank 16000 mAh

A fairly well-known Chinese manufacturer opens the parade of external batteries Xiaomi. Its power was enough for 3 energy tanks with a capacity of 5000, 10400 and 16000 mAh. Due to the specifics of the material, we will take the maximum version. The official website promises 5 full iPhone chargers 6, the battery of which is designed for 1810 mAh. Using this data, you can easily adapt to other devices, knowing their capacity.

Externally Mi Power Bank looks very down-to-earth and stylish, you even get the feeling that Jony Ive didn’t waste time on some Chinese business trip. It resembles a small aluminum remote control from a slightly outdated TV, only its weight of 350 g and the absence of buttons on top give it away. But there is one big key switch on, next to which there are external battery charge indicators, a micro USB input for connecting to a power source and two USB outputs responsible for bringing your equipment out of its dying state.

Such a light, compact, available in a variety of colors, and a capacious Power Bank has only one drawback - and this is not the price, which, by the way, does not even exceed the 2000 ruble level! They love to counterfeit the Mi battery, so the purchasing process turns into a lottery, but, fortunately, even domestic dealers have prepared very affordable offers.

Anker 2nd Gen Astro E5 16000 mAh

The brainchild, not particularly different in size from the Mi Power Bank Anker Already outwardly it lures the buyer with an elegant black case with “fused” indicators indicating the fullness of the battery. Efficiency Anker 2nd Gen Astro E5 It also gives away the presence of a carrying case, with which you can intrigue others who associate the word “anchor” exclusively with fasteners and bolts.

The E5 version with 16000 mAh on board will provide 6.2 full charges of the iPhone 6 (1810 mAh), 1.3 iPad charging Air (8850 mAh), etc. Energy capabilities are more or less identical to Mi. By the way, you are already convinced that not all the declared capacity is consumed, but where? smaller volume? The number of full charges depends on several factors, which we will discuss in a separate article. This is not a scam by the manufacturer, but technical subtleties, so don’t worry and read on.

An interesting feature of this battery is IQ charging. This exclusive option, according to the developers, quickly recognizes the powered device and fills the battery. Both USB outputs are equipped with this technology. Logically located between them Micro USB to charge the Astro E5 itself. Nearby there is a signal light that lights up when turned on. And the key on the side of the case is responsible for entering it. A short press on it displays the remaining mAh in the Power Bank, while strong pressure turns the device on and off.

Here you can find fault with the dirtyness of the case, which likes to collect fingerprints worse than Touch ID. In everything else, Anker did their best: fashionable look, LG batteries, dual IQ charging, $40 price tag. Amazon cannot organize delivery to Russia, but intermediary services will come to the rescue, capable of transporting a package across the ocean even for $10.

RAVPower® Xtreme 23000 mAh

Restaurants provide portions for large groups, and in the world of external batteries there are RAVPower Xtreme 23000 mAh. He is big himself - he almost reaches iPad mini, but you can understand it: even a laptop can be fed with such a huge device! iPhone 6 charges entirely 8.2 times, iPad Air - 1.68. To distribute energy, there are 2 USB ports and 2 alternative outputs, to which a whole bunch of adapters included in the kit are connected.

Almost 600 g of lithium are enclosed in a brutally discreet case, where the power key and a small screen showing the current charge of RAVPower Xtreme are clearly visible. There is no need to guess by the lights - the device gives obvious percentages and does not fool your head.

You will have to spend $99 on this Power Bank. The delivery situation is the same as for the Anker product. You need to use the services of intermediaries.

UNU Ultrapak Tour 10000 mAh

It turns out that you can win over an audience not only with crazy capacity, design or accessibility! UNU Ultrapak Tour appeared as a kind of exception to the rule, as he distinguished himself by high-speed charging of himself. Yes, yes, you understood correctly, this external battery can replenish its own energy reserves in about an hour and a half. Some Chinese fakes They charge one iPhone during this time, and here - as much as 10,000 mAh.

At the same time, the pocket battery informs the user in detail about the progress of replenishing the bins through a display located on the surface. It displays not only the percentages, but also the completion time. We can’t say anything about accuracy, because this is only revealed through practice.

Like its neighbors in the selection, UNU Ultrapak has two USB port with 1 and 2.1 A, prepared for your iPhone, iPad and other gadgets. The developers did not bother to write specific indicators and only indicated that smartphones will restore 400-500% of the charge, phablets - 300-400%, tablets - 80-120%. You understand that all these devices can differ radically in both the capacity and energy efficiency of the hardware, so lining them up in one line is stupid. We also leave this point to trial and error.

Well, you have to pay for speed. To be specific, $99. There is no delivery to Russia, we recommend contacting an intermediary.

iWalk Extreme TRIO 10000 mAh

We continue to identify strengths in interesting offers on the external battery market. Up to this point, built-in cables have never been mentioned. IN iWalk Extreme TRIO Lightning and MicroUSB connectors are comfortably sewn in, allowing you to forget about additional “laces”. In fact, the unusual pyramid design is so cleverly designed that it hides cable compartments under its body. They don’t stick out, don’t get in the way, and always come in handy at the right moment.

The device is thin and light (400 g). The engineers also removed all the necessary connectors from view: at the end you will find one USB distributing high-speed 2.4 A, an “On/Off” button and a standard Micro USB input to replenish the energy reserves of the external battery. The miniature display fits well into the local concept and meticulously displays the percentage of charge, voltage and number of amperes that iWalk Extreme delivers.

Both black and white models cost the same $79. Not as cheap as we would like, but for this amount you will get not only 10,000 mAh: two wires, an eye-catching appearance, a display, a creative approach to packaging - it’s completely justified. We think we won’t surprise anyone if we say that delivery to the Russian Federation is not carried out directly through Amazon.

Limefuel Blast L240X PRO 24000 mAh

We wrote about sophistication and that’s enough. Limefuel Blast L240X PRO— the most capacious external battery from our selection. Without providing potential buyers with any information regarding charging time mobile devices and laptops, the device takes its toll in numbers. 24000 mAh inspires confidence! Especially when you consider that the cost of this portable battery is less than that of the iWalk Extreme mod - $69.99 versus $79. There you paid for design solutions, but here for mAh, which fit in an unremarkable wrapper with a green glow.

In addition, this box of vital energy has its place in 4 USB output ports to share with friends. By the way, fast charging at 2.4 A is also present here. The rest is standard: Micro USB, “light bulb” and green capacity indicator.

Native Union JUMP 800 mAh

In the end, we decided to give you a little break from the huge mAh and make fun of the unusual external battery, which is famous not for its capacity, but for its very compactness. Native Union JUMP is not just a box for iPhone headphones! It has 800 mAh capacity to keep your smartphone afloat for at least some time, and an interesting feature with a built-in Lightning cable.

The previous note briefly listed various ways accumulation, that is, accumulation and conservation of energy. Due to the limited scope of a single article, the review turned out to be rather superficial. And, perhaps, the main question that remained outside the scope of that article can be formulated as follows: “Which method of energy storage is preferable in a given situation?” For example, what method of energy storage should I choose for a private house or cottage equipped with a solar or wind installation? Obviously, in this case no one will build a large pumped storage station, but it is possible to install a large tank, raising it to a height of 10 meters. But will such an installation be sufficient to maintain a constant power supply in the absence of sun?

To answer the questions that arise, it is necessary to develop some criteria for evaluating batteries that will allow us to obtain objective assessments. And for this we need to consider various parameters drives that allow obtaining numerical estimates.

Capacity or accumulated charge?

When talking or writing about car batteries, they often mention a value called the battery capacity and expressed in ampere-hours (for small batteries - in milliamp-hours). But, strictly speaking, the ampere-hour is not a unit of capacity. In electrical theory, capacitance is measured in farads. Ampere-hour is a unit of measurement charge! That is, the characteristics of the battery should be considered (and called so) accumulated charge.

In physics, charge is measured in coulombs. A coulomb is the amount of charge passed through a conductor at a current of 1 ampere in one second. Since 1 C/s is equal to 1 A, then, by converting hours to seconds, we find that one ampere-hour will be equal to 3600 C.

It should be noted that even from the definition of a coulomb it is clear that the charge characterizes a certain process, namely the process of current passing through a conductor. The same thing even follows from the name of another quantity: one ampere-hour is when a current of one ampere flows through a conductor for an hour.

At first glance, it may seem that there is some kind of inconsistency here. After all, if we are talking about energy conservation, then the energy accumulated in any battery should be measured in joules, since the joule in physics is the unit of energy measurement. But let's remember that current in a conductor occurs only when there is a potential difference at the ends of the conductor, that is, voltage is applied to the conductor. If the voltage at the battery terminals is 1 volt and a charge of one ampere-hour flows through the conductor, we find that the battery has delivered 1 V · 1 Ah = 1 Wh of energy.

Thus, in relation to batteries it is more correct to talk about accumulated energy (stored energy) or about accumulated (stored) charge. However, since the term “battery capacity” is widespread and somehow more familiar, we will use it, but with some clarification, namely, we will talk about energy capacity.

Energy capacity- the energy given off by a fully charged battery when discharged to the lowest permissible value.

Using this concept, we will try to approximately calculate and compare the energy capacity various types energy storage devices.

Energy capacity of chemical batteries

A fully charged electric battery with a stated capacity (charge) of 1 Ah is theoretically capable of delivering 1 ampere of current for one hour (or, for example, 10 A for 0.1 hour, or 0.1 A for 10 hours) . But too much battery discharge current leads to less efficient power delivery, which non-linearly reduces the time it operates with such current and can lead to overheating. In practice, battery capacity is calculated based on a 20-hour discharge cycle to the final voltage. For car batteries, it is 10.8 V. For example, the inscription on the battery label “55 Ah” means that it is capable of delivering a current of 2.75 amperes for 20 hours, and the voltage at the terminals will not drop below 10.8 IN.

Battery manufacturers often indicate technical specifications of their products, the stored energy in Wh (Wh), and not the stored charge in mAh (mAh), which, generally speaking, is not correct. Calculating the stored energy from the stored charge is not easy in the general case: it requires integration of the instantaneous power supplied by the battery over the entire time of its discharge. If greater accuracy is not needed, instead of integration, you can use the average values ​​of voltage and current consumption and use the formula:

1 Wh = 1 V 1 Ah. That is, the stored energy (in Wh) is approximately equal to the product of the stored charge (in Ah) to average voltage (v Voltach): E = q · U. For example, if the capacity (in the usual sense) of a 12-volt battery is stated to be 60 Ah, then the stored energy, that is, its energy capacity, will be 720 W hours.

Energy capacity of gravitational energy storage devices

In any physics textbook you can read that the work A performed by some force F when lifting a body of mass m to a height h is calculated by the formula A = m · g · h, where g is the acceleration of gravity. This formula takes place in the case when the body moves slowly and friction forces can be neglected. Working against gravity does not depend on how we lift the body: vertically (like a weight on a watch), along an inclined plane (like when pulling a sled up a mountain) or in any other way. In all cases, work A = m · g · h. When lowering the body to its original level, the force of gravity will produce the same work as was expended by the force F to lift the body. This means that when lifting a body, we have stored up work equal to m · g · h, i.e. the raised body has energy equal to the product of the force of gravity acting on this body and the height to which it is raised. This energy does not depend on the path along which the rise took place, but is determined only by the position of the body (the height to which it is raised or the difference in heights between the initial and final position of the body) and is called potential energy.

Using this formula, let us estimate the energy capacity of a mass of water pumped into a tank with a capacity of 1000 liters, raised 10 meters above ground level (or the level of a hydrogenerator turbine). We assume that the tank has the shape of a cube with an edge length of 1 m. Then, according to the formula in Landsberg’s textbook, A = 1000 kg (9.8 m/s2) 10.5 m = 102900 kg m2/s2 . But 1 kg m 2 /s 2 is equal to 1 joule, and when converted to watt hours, we get only 28.583 watt hours. That is, to obtain an energy capacity equal to the capacity of a conventional electric battery of 720 watt-hours, you need to increase the volume of water in the tank by 25.2 times. The tank will need to have a rib length of approximately 3 meters. At the same time, its energy capacity will be equal to 845 watt-hours. This is more than the capacity of one battery, but the installation volume is significantly larger than the size of a conventional lead-zinc car battery. This comparison suggests that it makes sense to consider not the stored energy in a certain system - energy in itself, but in relation to the mass or volume of the system in question.

Specific energy capacity

So we came to the conclusion that it is advisable to correlate the energy capacity with the mass or volume of the storage device, or the carrier itself, for example, water poured into a tank. Two indicators of this kind can be considered.

Mass specific energy intensity we will call the energy capacity of a storage device divided by the mass of this storage device.

Volumetric specific energy intensity we will call the energy capacity of a storage device divided by the volume of this storage device.

Example. The lead-acid battery Panasonic LC-X1265P, designed for 12 volts, has a charge of 65 ampere-hours, weighs 20 kg. and dimensions (LxWxH) 350 · 166 · 175 mm. Its service life at t = 20 C is 10 years. Thus, its mass specific energy intensity will be 65 12 / 20 = 39 watt-hours per kilogram, and its volumetric specific energy intensity will be 65 12 / (3.5 1.66 1.75) = 76.7 watt-hours per cubic decimeter or 0.0767 kWh per cubic meter.

For the gravitational energy storage device based on a water tank with a volume of 1000 liters, discussed in the previous section, the specific mass energy intensity will be only 28.583 watt-hours/1000 kg = 0.0286 Wh/kg, which is 1363 times less than the mass energy intensity of lead- zinc battery. And although the service life of a gravity storage tank may be significantly longer, from a practical point of view, the tank seems less attractive than a battery.

Let's look at a few more examples of energy storage devices and evaluate their specific energy intensity.

Energy capacity of the heat accumulator

Heat capacity is the amount of heat absorbed by a body when it is heated by 1 °C. Depending on which quantitative unit the heat capacity belongs to, mass, volumetric and molar heat capacity are distinguished.

Mass specific heat capacity, also simply called specific heat capacity, is the amount of heat that must be added to a unit mass of a substance to heat it by a unit temperature. In SI it is measured in joules divided by kilograms per kelvin (J kg −1 K −1).

Volumetric heat capacity is the amount of heat that must be supplied to a unit volume of a substance to heat it per unit temperature. In SI it is measured in joules per cubic meter per kelvin (J m −3 K −1).

Molar heat capacity is the amount of heat that must be supplied to 1 mole of a substance to heat it per unit temperature. In SI it is measured in joules per mole per kelvin (J/(mol K)).

A mole is a unit of measurement for the amount of a substance in the International System of Units. A mole is the amount of substance in a system containing the same amount structural elements, how many atoms are there in carbon-12 weighing 0.012 kg.

The specific heat capacity is affected by the temperature of the substance and other thermodynamic parameters. For example, measuring the specific heat capacity of water will give different results at 20 °C and 60 °C. In addition, specific heat capacity depends on how the thermodynamic parameters of the substance (pressure, volume, etc.) are allowed to change; for example, the specific heat capacity at constant pressure (CP) and at constant volume (CV) are generally different.

The transition of a substance from one state of aggregation to another is accompanied by an abrupt change in heat capacity at a specific temperature point of transformation for each substance - melting point (transition of a solid into a liquid), boiling point (transition of a liquid into a gas) and, accordingly, temperatures of reverse transformations: freezing and condensation .

The specific heat capacities of many substances are given in reference books, usually for a process at constant pressure. For example, the specific heat capacity of liquid water under normal conditions is 4200 J/(kg K); ice - 2100 J/(kg K).

Based on the data presented, you can try to estimate the heat capacity of a water heat accumulator (abstract). Let's assume that the mass of water in it is 1000 kg (liters). We heat it to 80 °C and let it give off heat until it cools down to 30 °C. If you don’t bother with the fact that the heat capacity is different at different temperatures, we can assume that the heat accumulator will give off 4200 * 1000 * 50 J of heat. That is, the energy capacity of such a heat accumulator is 210 megajoules or 58.333 kilowatt-hours of energy.

If we compare this value with the energy charge of a conventional car battery (720 watt-hours), we see that the energy capacity of the thermal accumulator in question is equal to the energy capacity of approximately 810 electric batteries.

The specific mass energy intensity of such a heat accumulator (even without taking into account the mass of the vessel in which the heated water will actually be stored and the mass of thermal insulation) will be 58.3 kWh/1000 kg = 58.3 Wh/kg. This already turns out to be more than the mass energy intensity of a lead-zinc battery, equal, as calculated above, to 39 Wh/kg.

According to rough estimates, the heat accumulator is comparable to a conventional one car battery and by volumetric specific energy capacity, since a kilogram of water is a decimeter of volume, therefore its volumetric specific energy capacity is also equal to 76.7 Wh/kg, which exactly coincides with the volumetric specific heat capacity of a lead-acid battery. True, in the calculation for the heat accumulator we took into account only the volume of water, although it would also be necessary to take into account the volume of the tank and thermal insulation. But in any case, the loss will not be as great as for a gravity storage device.

Other types of energy storage devices

In the article " Overview of energy storage devices (accumulators)"Calculations of the specific energy intensity of some other energy storage devices are given. Let's borrow some examples from there

Capacitor storage

With a capacitor capacity of 1 F and a voltage of 250 V, the stored energy will be: E = CU 2 /2 = 1 ∙ 250 2 /2 = 31.25 kJ ~ 8.69 W h. If you use electrolytic capacitors, their weight can be 120 kg. The specific energy of the storage device is 0.26 kJ/kg or 0.072 W/kg. During operation, the drive can provide a load of no more than 9 W for an hour. The service life of electrolytic capacitors can reach 20 years. In terms of stored energy density, ionistors are close to chemical ones batteries. Advantages: the accumulated energy can be used within a short period of time.

Gravity drive type accumulators

First, we lift a body weighing 2000 kg to a height of 5 m. Then the body is lowered under the influence of gravity, rotating the electric generator. E = mgh ~ 2000 ∙ 10 ∙ 5 = 100 kJ ~ 27.8 W h. Specific energy capacity 0.0138 W h/kg. During operation, the drive can provide a load of no more than 28 W for an hour. The service life of the drive can be 20 years or more.

Advantages: the accumulated energy can be used within a short period of time.

Flywheel

The energy stored in the flywheel can be found using the formula E = 0.5 J w 2, where J is the moment of inertia of the rotating body. For a cylinder of radius R and height H:

J = 0.5 p r R 4 H

where r is the density of the material from which the cylinder is made.

Limit linear speed at the periphery of the flywheel V max (approximately 200 m/s for steel).

V max = w max R or w max = V max /R

Then E max = 0.5 J w 2 max = 0.25 p r R 2 H V 2 max = 0.25 M V 2 max

The specific energy will be: E max /M = 0.25 V 2 max

For a steel cylindrical flywheel, the maximum specific energy content is approximately 10 kJ/kg. For a flywheel weighing 100 kg (R = 0.2 m, H = 0.1 m), the maximum accumulated energy can be 0.25 ∙ 3.14 ∙ 8000 ∙ 0.2 2 ∙ 0.1 ∙ 200 2 ~ 1 MJ ~ 0.278 kW h. During operation, the drive can provide a load of no more than 280 W for an hour. The service life of the flywheel can be 20 years or more. Advantages: the accumulated energy can be used for a short period of time, the performance can be significantly improved.

Super flywheel

Due to its design features, a super flywheel, unlike conventional flywheels, can theoretically store up to 500 Wh per kilogram of weight. However, for some reason the development of superflywheels stopped.

Pneumatic accumulator

Air under a pressure of 50 atmospheres is pumped into a steel tank with a capacity of 1 m3. To withstand this pressure, the walls of the tank must be approximately 5 mm thick. Compressed air is used to do the work. In an isothermal process, the work A performed by an ideal gas during expansion into the atmosphere is determined by the formula:

A = (M / m) ∙ R ∙ T ∙ ln (V 2 / V 1)

where M is the mass of the gas, m is the molar mass of the gas, R is the universal gas constant, T is the absolute temperature, V 1 is the initial volume of the gas, V 2 is the final volume of the gas. Taking into account the equation of state for an ideal gas (P 1 ∙ V 1 = P 2 ∙ V 2) for this implementation of the storage device V 2 / V 1 = 50, R = 8.31 J/(mol deg), T = 293 0 K, M / m ~ 50: 0.0224 ~ 2232, gas work during expansion 2232 ∙ 8.31 ∙ 293 ∙ ln 50 ~ 20 MJ ~ 5.56 kW · hour per cycle. The mass of the drive is approximately 250 kg. The specific energy will be 80 kJ/kg. During operation, the pneumatic storage device can provide a load of no more than 5.5 kW for an hour. The service life of a pneumatic accumulator can be 20 years or more.

Advantages: the storage tank can be located underground, standard gas cylinders in the required quantity with the appropriate equipment can be used as a reservoir, when using a wind engine, the latter can directly drive the compressor pump, there are a fairly large number of devices that directly use the energy of compressed air.

Comparison table of some energy storage devices

Let us summarize all the above values ​​of energy storage parameters into a summary table. But first, let us note that specific energy intensity allows us to compare storage devices with conventional fuel.

The main characteristic of fuel is its heat of combustion, i.e. the amount of heat released during complete combustion. A distinction is made between specific heat of combustion (MJ/kg) and volumetric heat (MJ/m3). Converting MJ to kW-hours we get.

When it comes to batteries, the rule is “all or nothing”. Without new generation energy storage devices there will be neither a turning point in energy policy nor in the electric vehicle market.

Moore's Law, postulated in the IT industry, promises an increase in processor performance every two years. Battery development lags behind, with efficiency increasing at an average rate of 7% per year. And although lithium-ion batteries are modern smartphones work longer and longer, this is largely due to the optimized performance of the chips.

Lithium-ion batteries dominate the market due to their light weight and high energy density.

Every year, billions of batteries are installed in mobile devices, electric vehicles and systems for storing electricity from renewable energy sources. However, modern technology has reached its limit.

The good news is that next generation of lithium-ion batteries already almost meets market requirements. They use lithium as a storage material, which theoretically allows for a tenfold increase in energy storage density.

Along with this, studies of other materials are provided. Although lithium provides acceptable energy density, however we're talking about about developments that are several orders of magnitude more optimal and cheaper. After all, nature might provide us with better circuits for high-quality batteries.

University research laboratories are developing the first samples organic batteries. However, it may take several decades before such biobatteries enter the market. The bridge to the future is helped by small-sized batteries that are charged by capturing energy.

Mobile power supplies

According to Gartner, more than 2 billion mobile devices will be sold this year, each with a lithium-ion battery. These batteries are considered the standard today, in part because they are so lightweight. However, they only have a maximum energy density of 150-200 Wh/kg.

Lithium-ion batteries charge and release energy by moving lithium ions. When charging, positively charged ions move from the cathode through the electrolyte solution between the graphite layers of the anode, accumulate there and attach electrons to the charging current.

When discharged, they give up electrons to the current circuit, lithium ions move back to the cathode, where they again bind with the metal contained in it (in most cases, cobalt) and oxygen.

The capacity of lithium-ion batteries depends on how many lithium ions can be located between the graphite layers. However, thanks to silicon, batteries can now operate more efficiently.

By comparison, it takes six carbon atoms to bind one lithium ion. One silicon atom, on the contrary, can hold four lithium ions.

A lithium-ion battery stores its electrical energy in lithium. When the anode is charged, lithium atoms are stored between the graphite layers. When discharged, they give up electrons and move in the form of lithium ions into the layered structure of the cathode (lithium cobaltite).

Silicon increases capacity

Battery capacity increases when silicon is included between layers of graphite. It increases three to four times when silicon is combined with lithium, but after several charging cycles the graphite layer breaks.

The solution to this problem is found in startup project Amprius, created by scientists from Stanford University. The Amprius project received support from people such as Eric Schmidt (chairman of the board of directors of Google) and Nobel laureate Steven Chu (US Secretary of Energy until 2013).

Porous silicon in the anode increases the efficiency of lithium-ion batteries by up to 50%. During the implementation of the Amprius startup project, the first silicon batteries were produced.

Within this project, three methods are available to solve the “graphite problem”. The first one is application of porous silicon, which can be thought of as a "sponge". When storing lithium, it increases very little in volume, therefore, the graphite layers remain intact. Amprius can create batteries that store up to 50% more energy than conventional ones.

More efficient at storing energy than porous silicon layer of silicon nanotubes. In prototypes, an almost twofold increase in charging capacity was achieved (up to 350 Wh/kg).

The sponge and tubes must still be coated with graphite, as silicon reacts with the electrolyte solution and thereby reduces battery life.

But there is a third method. Researchers of the Ampirus project introduced into the carbon shell groups of silicon particles, which do not directly contact, but provide free space to increase particle volume. Lithium can accumulate on these particles, but the shell remains intact. Even after thousands of charging cycles, the prototype's capacity only dropped by 3%.

Silicon combines with several lithium atoms, but expands as it does so. To prevent graphite from breaking down, the researchers use the structure of the pomegranate plant: they inject silicon into graphite shells that are large enough to accept additional lithium.