Style is a set of formatting parameters that has its own name.

In order for the text to be easy to read, it must be formatted accordingly: highlight headings, arrange subheadings in accordance with their level, caption figures and tables, highlight new terms, notes, set headers and footers, etc. Format each element manually is time-consuming and ineffective. With styles, you can set multiple formatting options in one step. In this case, for each design element you can set your own style, which will have a unique name. It is enough to install the required styles, and then each time simply select the required one from the list.

Using styles can improve efficiency and speed up work.

In MS Word, a style can be applied to an entire paragraph or to several characters.

The default main style is Ordinary . This style is used for the body text of any document and serves as the basis for creating other styles. Formatting options can be found in the style description contained in the dialog boxes. Style, Changing the style, Creating a style, Organizer. All of the dialog boxes listed above contain a section Description, which presents all format parameters.

Setting styles

The dialogue window provides the most extensive opportunities for working with styles. Style. To set the style using the dialog box Style you need to do the following:

1. Place the cursor within the text fragment in which you want to change the style.

2. Select a team Format –> Style. A dialog box will open Style(Fig. 4.28).

3. Listed Style select the required style.

4. Press the button Apply.

Using the dialog box Style you can also:

• change existing styles;
• create new styles;
• remove custom styles that have become unnecessary;
• copy the required styles from one template to another.

Rice. 4.28. Dialog window Style.

Headings rarely include headings at all levels. A table of contents that contains the names of all parts of a document may look overwhelming. On the other hand, a table of contents that contains only top-level headings provides too little information about the contents of the document.

To create a table of contents you must perform the following steps:

1. Place the cursor within the text in which you want to create a table of contents.

2. Select a team Insert –> Table of Contents and Indexes. A dialog box will open Table of contents and indexes(Fig. 4.29).

3. Go to tab Table of contents.

4. In the field Format select the table of contents presentation method in the field Levels – level of included headings, and in the field Placeholder – padding characters between titles and page numbers.

5. Press the button OK.

Rice. 4.29. Inclusion in the table of contents of levels 1-3

After pressing the button OK A compiled table of contents will appear on the screen, which you can later edit and format.

Rice. 4.30. Ready-made table of contents, including headings of three levels

Autoformat

Autoformat can format a document without user intervention. MS Word parses the document, identifies individual elements, and then formats the text using the styles of the included template.

Autoformatting can be done both as you enter text and after you enter it. In this case, the user reserves the right to accept or reject the formatting produced using the auto-format. In addition, you can partially accept and reject some of the changes made.

| Formatting automation

Lesson 29
Formatting automation

After studying this topic, you will learn:

Possibilities of the Word environment to automate document formatting operations;
- what is style formatting;
- how to create and apply styles when formatting a multi-page document;
- how to create a table of contents in a document;
- what methods exist for automatically numbering figures and tables;
- what is a cross-reference and why is it used.

Autotransfer

It was mentioned earlier that when you set text alignment to width, it can result in very large spaces between words. To make it possible to place text more tightly on a line, Word has a hyphenation tool.

Task 3.5. Hyphenation in a document

Set automatic hyphenation in the text.

Work technology

1. Open a text document.

2. Select the Tools Language Arrangement command.

3. In the dialog box, enable the Automatic hyphenation checkbox. You can also enable the Hyphenations in capitalized words checkbox.

4. Explain the purpose of the other settings in this window.

5. To set forced hyphenation in a word, click inside it and execute the Insert Symbol command, Special tab.

6. Insert a soft hyphen symbol.

Inserting a soft hyphen is used in tables with narrow columns or in text with narrow columns.

Pagination

Any document containing more than two pages must include page numbers. To do this, Word uses an automatic page numbering tool.

Task 3.6. Inserting Page Numbers

Set automatic page numbering in the document.

Work technology

1. Open the Layout 1 document.

2. Execute the Insert Page Numbers command.

3. In the dialog box that opens (Fig. 3.7), set the position of the number on the page (bottom) and alignment (right).

Rice. 3.7. Pagination

4. Disable the Number on the first page check box. As a rule, the number is not placed on the first page.

5. Review the document. Page numbers are located in the footer area. How does the placement of the number fit in with other header and footer elements in the document?

Task 3.7. Disable numbering on individual pages

Disable page number placement on landscape pages:

1. Execute the View Header and Footer command.

2. In the footer area of ​​the even and odd pages in the second and third sections of the document, turn off Same as Previous.

3. In the footer area of ​​the even and odd pages in the second section (with landscape text), select and delete the page number field.

4. Close the Header and Footer panel and view the document.

It is very important before deleting page numbers from individual sections to disable the header and footer design mode As in the previous one for this and the next sections.

Style formatting

When working on a document, formatting can be done manually, or you can use styles.

When formatting manually, the user uses the “select text and change parameters” technique. If he is not satisfied with the changes, he has to change the formatting again. Sometimes you have to spend a lot of time to find an acceptable (from the user's point of view) combination of text parameters.

Using styles allows you to automate the process of selecting optimal parameter values.

It must be said that the term “style” in the Word environment has a meaning different from the commonly used one. In the explanatory dictionary of the Russian language S.I. Ozhegov gives the following interpretation: “Style is a characteristic look, a variety of something, expressed in special features, properties of artistic design.” So, for example, when talking about clothing style, we mean a special cut developed by the designer, a special fabric, as well as the use of harmoniously selected accessories. Style in painting implies a certain way of applying strokes, the use of colors, and ways of expressing an image artistically.

Style in a text document is a more utilitarian concept.

A style is a set of values ​​for text parameters that is predefined and saved with a certain name.

When a style is applied to text, all the parameter values ​​described in it are applied simultaneously. Thus, applying a style replaces the manual operation of setting parameter values ​​using dialog boxes and significantly reduces work time.

Style formatting is the process of creating and applying styles to objects in a text document. The meaning of this operation is as follows. Certain text objects are assigned a style that must be created in advance. If you need to change the values ​​of object parameters, just change the style, and all objects to which this style is assigned are automatically reformatted.

There are four types of styles in Word 2003.

♦ Paragraph style completely determines the appearance of the paragraph, that is, text alignment, tab stops, line spacing, and borders. It may also include character formatting.
♦ Sign style specifies the formatting of a selected piece of text within a paragraph, defining only font parameters, such as font type, font size and style, etc.
♦ List style Applies the same list settings to the selected paragraphs, such as numbering or bullets, indentation, and paragraph and character settings. This style is created and used mainly for multi-level lists only.
♦ Table style sets table parameter values: border type, fill type, text alignment and fonts for the entire table, as well as for individual columns, rows, cells.

When formatting a multi-page document, styles are used to format paragraphs of the main text, for headings, to highlight individual words, definitions, lists, tables. Typically, the user applies a limited set of styles for formatting.

The Word environment has a fairly large list of standard styles built into it for various purposes. In addition, you can create your own styles. A standard or custom style can be included in a document template so it can be used in any document. If the style is not included in the template, it will be stored only in this document.

To work with styles, the Styles and Formatting taskbar is provided (Fig. 3.8). You can open it by clicking the button on the Formatting toolbar or using the Format Styles and Formatting command. This taskbar displays not only style, but also regular manual formatting. The top of the taskbar displays the formatting of the selection.

If no fragment is selected, the style of the current paragraph will be indicated in the taskbar. In addition, the panel displays a list of styles and manual formatting options applied to the text. In the Show field, you can select the following formatting display options:

♦ Available styles - styles that are or have ever been used in this document. You can add and remove styles from this list.

Rice. 3.8. Taskbar Styles and Formatting

♦ All- a list of all styles that can be used for formatting.
♦ Used- styles and manual formatting used at least once in this document.
♦ Available- styles and manual formatting that are or have ever been used in this document. You can add and remove styles from this list.
♦ Special- opens the Format Settings window.

The formatting used can be viewed and applied using the Style drop-down list in the Formatting panel.

Styles of a certain type are marked with a special icon. It is indicated next to the style name. The line indicating the application of manual formatting indicates the changed text parameters compared to the style of a given paragraph or font. This description is considered the name of this formatting. When you hover over a line, a context tooltip appears with a full description of the formatting.

In table 3.1 shows examples of displaying formatting in the Used list.

Table 3.1. Description of formatting in the Used list

In the list of paragraph styles, only the Normal style fully describes the applied font and paragraph parameters (see Table 3.4). Other paragraph styles are based on the Normal style and their description is Normal +<измененные параметры>. This means that in these paragraphs all Normal style settings are preserved, and only the specified parameters are changed. When you change a parameter in the Normal style, it will automatically change in all styles based on it. This provides additional convenience when reformatting text. For example, if you change the font size in the Normal style, it will change in the Bulleted List style, and in the Subtitle style, and in many other styles. But at the same time, the font size will not change in the Heading 1, Heading 2, etc. styles, since they clearly have a different font size.

For character styles, the base style is the Main paragraph font style, for table styles - Regular table.

Some styles, although they exist, do not appear in the list of all styles, such as Footnote Mark, Paragraph Body Font, Table of Contents styles, and several others. To see the full list of styles, select Special in the Show field and click on the Style button in the dialog box that opens.

When creating a new document, the list of available styles includes the Normal style - for regular text, and styles of headings of the first, second and third levels. As styles are used in the document, this list grows.

Style formatting includes the following operations:

♦ application of a ready-made style;
♦ changing the finished style;
♦ creation of a new style;
♦ creating a style based on a selected fragment.

A style is a group of parameters that has a unique name. Style formatting can contain many different parameters for paragraphs and characters (for example, font type and size, paragraph alignment, spacing, framing, etc.). It is stored with the document or its template.
To format text, you can use two types of styles:

• Style paragraph, which defines the appearance of the paragraph.
• Style symbol, which determines the appearance of the symbols. Character styles

used to highlight words or phrases in text.
As stated, there are two formatting methods - direct and style. Small one-time use documents are prepared using the first method. When designing large documents with a variety of paragraphs, it is better to use style formatting.
Style formatting consists of assigning special styles to paragraphs or characters.
Style formatting makes it easier to prepare documents (the user operates with ready-made styles), saves time and achieves unification of the design of all documents used in a particular organization.
Default list Style The formatting toolbar contains the names of only those styles that were used in the document. To view a list of all available styles, you need to open the list Style press a key

Rice. 1 . List of formatting toolbar styles

In the command dialog Styles and Formatting from the menu Format You can edit existing styles and create new ones, copy, delete, and rename styles, and assign styles to selected text fragments.

Rice. 2 . Dialog window Styles and Formatting

The set of styles available during document creation depends on the template on which the document is based. Most of the built-in styles can be used in all templates.

1. Built-in formatting styles

Word provides standard styles for designing common documents. When you enter text in a new document that is based on the Normal template, the default style is Normal, the standard style for body text. This style is applied until another style is specified. Special styles have also been developed to format other elements of the document (footnotes, headers and footers, line numbers, page numbers, etc.). For example, to format headings, use the Heading 1 - Heading 9 styles.
The fastest way to assign a style to a marked fragment is to use a special keyboard shortcut. The following table contains a small list of keyboard shortcuts for quickly formatting documents using styles.
Style name Keyboard shortcut
Ordinary
Heading 1
Heading 3
Bulleted list

2. Create a style

To create a style, you need to define a group of formatting options and give it a name. There are two ways to create formatting styles:

• based on a sample (bulleted paragraph);
• by setting options in the command dialog box Styles and Formatting from the menu Format.

To create a style based on a sample, you must perform the following sequence of actions:

• Assign the required formatting options to the paragraph (font, paragraph) and click on the field Styles and Formatting on the toolbar Standard.

• A dialog box will open Styles and Formatting.

• In this window select Create a style
• A window will open Creating a style. in which you need to enter the name of the style and check the box in the window Add to template, so that the style can be added to the templates and can be called from the menu Style.

Using the command Styles and Formatting styles are created like this:

• Activate in the menu Format team Styles and Formatting.
• In the window Styles and Formatting click the button Create a style, a dialog box will open Creating a style. In field Name Enter a name for the new formatting style.
• In field Style specify the type of style to be created - paragraph style or character style. By default, a paragraph style is created.
• In the list box Based on style select the style on which the created style should be based.

In field Description all parameters of the selected style are listed, and in the field Sample demonstrates how text formatted using the new style will look.

• Click the button Format. Use the items in the list that appears to open dialog boxes Font, Paragraph, Tab, Frame, Border, Language, Numbering and set the options for the new formatting style. The dialog boxes opened in this way do not differ from the windows of the same commands from the menu Format.
• Confirm your settings by pressing the button OK. If in the dialog box Creation style set option Add in the template, and in the window Style press the button Apply, the new style will be added to the active document template.
• Repeat the steps described to create other styles, or complete the process by clicking the button Close in the dialog box Style.

3. Change the style

Styles are convenient because when used, a minimum of effort is required to design a document. To design a document differently, you just need to set a different style or change the one used. Word automatically updates any documents that use the changed style. The sequence of actions to change the style is as follows:

• On the menu Format select team Styles and Formatting.

• Place the mouse pointer on the style to be changed and click the right mouse button. A window will open
• In it you will choose Change style... to open the dialog box Changing the style.

• In field Name The window that opens will record the style being changed and its parameters. Next you need to install the necessary changes.
• Set option Add to template to make changes to the document template and click Format.
• In the list that appears, select a formatting object ( Font, Paragraph, Tab, Frame, Border, Language or Numbering), and in the dialog box that opens, set the appropriate parameters.
• Click the button OK to return to the window Changing the style and continue changing the style.

4. Removing styles

You can remove unnecessary design styles. All paragraphs whose style has been removed are assigned a default style Ordinary. To delete a design style, you must perform the following steps:

• Call the command Style from the menu Format.
• Mark the name of the style to be deleted in the list Style and click the Delete button. Confirm the decision to delete (Yes).

Standard Word styles cannot be deleted. However, it is possible to change them.

Keyboard shortcuts for assigning styles

It is customary to assign keyboard shortcuts to frequently used styles. To do this, click on the button Key in the create or change style dialog box and in the New keyboard shortcut window Settings press the key combination. As a result, to assign a style to text, it will be enough to mark the text and press the established key combination.

Rice. 3 . Dialog box for assigning a keyboard shortcut to a style

Creating styles for emails

To ensure that all documents are of the same type, you should not perform direct formatting using commands from the menu Format and formatting toolbars, and modify standard Word styles or create new ones.
Let's look at the possibilities of style formatting in Word using the example of creating styles for preparing business documentation. If you carry out intensive correspondence with regular partners, the design of letters can be significantly speeded up by preparing special styles for formatting the main components of letters.
To format most letters created on standard letterhead, you may need just one formatting style, the development of which is described below. This is the style for the body of the document, which we will call DocumentText.

Note:

Style names can contain any characters except backslashes, curly braces, and semicolons. It is important to remember that names are assigned to styles that are case sensitive, for example styles DocumentText and TEXTDOCUMENT are recognized by Word as two different styles.
To design documents with more complex formatting, other styles should be prepared in the same way.
You should create a new formatting style for the main text of a document only if many of the parameters of the standard style, such as typeface, font size, line spacing, and spacing between paragraphs, do not comply with the current document formatting rules. At the same time, in order to ensure the uniform design of all documents, it is recommended to use the style as a base Ordinary.

The process of creating a style is described below DocumentText.

• In the command dialog Styles and Formatting menu Format click the button Create a style, as a result of which a window will open Creating a style.
• In field Name enter the name of the style to be created - DocumentText.
• In the list box Based on style select value Ordinary, since the basis for the new style will be the standard style Ordinary.
• In field Style mark the value Paragraph.
• Set option Add to template so that the created style is available in all new documents based on the template Ordinary.
• Click the button Format.
• In the list that opens, click on the element Font and in the dialog box of the same name, set the font parameters: in the list Font select font TimesNewRoman, and in the list Size- value 12.
• Close the dialog box Font and open the window Paragraph.
• In field First line set value No, and in the field interline- meaning One and a half.
• In field P donkey set the paragraph margin at the bottom by the value 4 pt. Close the dialog box Paragraph.

A formatting style is a set of formatting elements (font, paragraph, etc.) with a unique name. Any paragraph in a Word document is designed in a certain style, standard or custom.

There are four main types of styles in Word:

• · character styles;
• Paragraph styles
• · table styles;
• · list styles.

Style formatting has a number of advantages over manual formatting:

• · saves time. Applying a style as a set of formatting elements is much faster than applying them one after another.
• · promotes uniformity in document formatting. When formatting manually, sections that are identical in terms of formatting may differ in their formats, but the use of a style introduces rigor into the design of the document. Allows you to quickly change the appearance of individual elements throughout the document. In this case, it is enough to make changes to the style, and the design will take effect throughout the document.

Paragraph styles typically combine character and paragraph formatting elements and define the appearance of a paragraph. In this case, all formatting elements for the paragraph must be specified.

Character styles contain one or more formatting elements without requiring a complete definition of all formatting elements for a character. Paragraph style, character style, and manual formatting can be applied to the same text. They are arranged in a certain hierarchy: manual formatting takes precedence over character formatting, and character style takes precedence over paragraph style. If a style needs to be applied to one paragraph, then just place the cursor anywhere in this paragraph or select the required fragment.

The style can be applied in one of the following ways.

• · Formatting toolbar, Style list, select the desired style.
• · Taskbar Styles and formatting, select the desired style (to display the taskbar, use the Format menu ==> Styles and formatting (Fig. 1.1).
• · Place the cursor in the sample paragraph, click the button on the Standard toolbar, apply the sample style to the desired paragraph by moving to it.

Fig.1.1.

Using the Styles and Formatting task pane, you can select all fragments that have the same formatting style. This can be done, for example, like this: place the text cursor in a paragraph that has the desired formatting (the style will be displayed in the Formatting selected text window on the taskbar), and then select Select on the taskbar All, then perform the required action with the selected text. You can also use the context menu.

Style is a set of formatting options that you apply to text, tables, and lists to quickly change their appearance. Styles allow you to apply an entire group of formatting attributes at once in one action.

For example, instead of formatting your title in three steps, first setting the size to 16 points, then Arial, and finally centering, you can apply a title style.

Below are the different types of styles.

Paragraph style completely defines the appearance of a paragraph, that is, text alignment, tab stops, line spacing, and borders, and may also include character formatting.

Sign style sets the formatting of a selected piece of text within a paragraph, defining text parameters such as font and size, as well as bold and italic styles.

Table style sets the appearance of borders, fill, text alignment and fonts.

List style applies the same alignment, numbering marks or bullets, and fonts to all lists.

Copy the document internet. doc to your folder and open it. This document consists of headings, subheadings and body text. When formatting this text, we will use design styles.

Highlight a title Introduction and in the drop down list Style on the panel Formatting select style Heading1(i.e. first level heading). For the first paragraph, apply a style Base.

If the parameters of standard styles do not suit us, then we can create our own styles based on the existing ones. Let's create a style for the first level headings. To do this in the menu Format select team Styles. In the dialog box that appears Styles and Formatting right-click and select command from the context menu Create. Set the following options:

Style name – Heading1 _ student’s last name;

Associated with style – Heading1;

Font – Tahoma, size – 16 pt, alignment – ​​centered, style – bold italic, intervals before and after the paragraph are 0.1 cm.

For the body text, create a style with the following parameters:

• Style name – Main _ student’s last name;

  Associated with style – Body text;

  Font – Times New Roman, character size – 14, alignment – ​​left, first line indent – ​​1.5 cm, line spacing – one and a half, intervals before and after the paragraph are 0.1 cm.

Using the styles you created, format the entire document.

To finalize the document, set:

• Margins (top, bottom – 2 cm, left – 3 cm, right – 1 cm);

  Page numbers (bottom, center);

  Header (Internet and its services);

  To ensure that headings start on a new page, you need to set page breaks.

In chapter WWW hypermedia system for text WWW make a footnote (Place the cursor at the end of the text Insert Footnote select symbol * ). In the footnote, enter the text: World Wide Web.

To highlight words included in the alphabetical index, run the command Insert Table of contents and indexes Element. A dialog box will appear in front of you Insert index element.

Select any word in the text, click in the field Element and press the button Insert. Mark 10 words in the text in this way.

At the end of the document, insert an index with the command Insert Table of contents and indexes Table of contents and indexes. In the dialog box that appears, select the view - Alphabetical index, on the tab Posts check the box - Alphabetical separator.

Insert a blank page at the beginning of the document.

Run the command Insert Table of Contents and Indexes Table of Contents and Indexes. In the dialog box that appears, select the checkbox Additional styles and click on the button. Move the header style you created to the first level and click OK.

Save the document and show your work to your teacher.