History of television. Inventors, first experience of television broadcasting

Today, without exaggeration, television can be called a member of the family. We come home, turn on the device and go about our business to the sound of its measured muttering. If he suddenly remains silent, something begins to be missing. But just recently, a television was a curiosity; all the neighbors gathered at the lucky ones who bought a television so that they could all watch the only program at that time.

How television began

O.A. Adamyan

It is difficult to name the exact time when work began on the invention of television. Some enthusiasts believe it began about 4,000 years ago with the first polished clear stone. But we will start with a more recent event: the German Paul Nipkow in 1884 invented a mechanical reaming system: a rotating disk with small holes arranged in a spiral.

The first television center in Germany was later named after Nipkow.
The founder of color television can be called the Russian inventor A.A. Polumordvinov, who received a patent for a “Light distributor for an apparatus used to transmit images over a distance with all colors and their shades and all shadows,” based on a combination of three color components.

The word “television” was first heard from the lips of the Russian engineer K.D. Persky at the Paris International Electrotechnical Congress. For the first time, an image over a distance of 600 km was transmitted by O.A. Adamyan. The transmission was carried out by wire. The transmitter had two gas-light tubes with a white and a red glow. Later Adamyan created a three-color device.

In 1911, Russian scientist B.L. Rosing conducted a public demonstration of image reproduction using an electronic device. Unfortunately, Rosing later abandoned electronic imaging because felt that mechanical systems would be more suitable. We can say that television began with the activities of these scientists.

Major milestones

VC. Zvorykin

The true father of television is considered to be the Russian scientist V.K. Zvorykin, a student of Rosing, who emigrated to the USA. In 1923, he patented a cathode ray tube transmitter, the real prototype of televisions. He worked on the invention with two more immigrants from Russia, N.G. Ogloblinsky and D. Sarnov.

Work on the creation of a television transmitter and receiver was carried out in both the USSR and the USA throughout the 20s and 30s. Various electronic systems were created and improved, and England and Germany did not stand aside. Developed countries were more or less on par; sometimes it happened that in two or three countries scientists independently implemented the same idea, but from time to time someone pulled ahead.

VC. Zvorykin

In the 30s, a completely electronic reception and transmission system was invented, and the first standards were approved. Then England chose the first standard: 405 lines with interlaced scanning at 25 frames per second. England lived with this standard until 1968.

In Germany, in 1933, the Imperial Radio Society began regular broadcasts on the big screen in the Berlin television center. The Nazis immediately realized the possibilities television offered for propaganda.

In the USSR in those same years, there were approximately 70 transmitting stations, including the most powerful station in the world near Noginsk. Transmissions were carried out in the meter range. Under the leadership of architect Shukhov, a special tower with a height of as much as 140 m was built in the Shabolovka area in Moscow - a very decent height for those times.

In the USSR at that time there were about 1000 receivers - the first TK-1 televisions. In 1939, the country adopted the first television standard: 441 lines, 50 fields per second, interlaced.

In the USA, at the end of the 30s, mass production of receivers that had a 9-inch screen began.

Post-war development

In the MTC studio. Press conference of astronauts.

During the war, research work in the field of television was interrupted throughout the world. But already on May 7, 1945, the first transmitting station in post-war Europe, the Moscow Television Center, began operating.

In the USA, broadcasts resumed in the same way in 1945, but a year later they sold several thousand televisions, and by 1950 there were already several million of them. The USSR also produced televisions, and broadcasts were broadcast with greater clarity than in the USA: the number of lines in the USSR was 625 lines versus 525 in the USA, but our country lagged far behind in the number of receivers.

The famous KVN-49 televisions began to be produced in 1949. The name of the televisions is an abbreviation of the names of the creators of the apparatus, Kenigson, Warsaw and Nikolaevsky. At the same time, the television center in Kyiv opened its doors.

KVN is the progenitor of televisions.

During the 1950s, television stations began to appear in various cities throughout the country. In addition to Moscow, television studios opened in all republics, regions and territories. Reports were made, staged programs were broadcast, films were shown. In 1962, the first broadcast from orbit took place from the Vostok-3 spacecraft.
The first color television was created in the USA by RCA in 1954. Back then these were very expensive models.

Different types of television

Distribution of different standards in the world.

Initially, each country had its own standards for television broadcasts. But this interfered with the exchange of information and international cooperation. Therefore, the world gradually came to only three standards: American, French and West German. The USSR adopted the French system. Thus, the world was divided into three parts, since conversion from one standard to another was difficult and expensive. It was only when the movement for European unification began that receivers capable of receiving both PAL and SECAM became available.

Cable TV

Initially, cable television simply supplemented the usual one in places with rugged terrain, where the propagation of radio waves was difficult. The first cable transmissions were made in California. Then no one thought that this method had prospects.

Real cable television appeared when collective antennas began to be installed on houses. Intense competition began between different signal transmission systems. In pursuit of viewers, cable operators are still constantly improving equipment, improving the quality of broadcasting.

A TV today cannot be called a luxury item, as it was 50 years ago. This device is now in every home. The whole family gathers around it in the evenings and on weekends, and it is a real center of entertainment and receiving the most up-to-date information about events in the country and in the world. This piece of furniture has become so familiar that it seems as if it has always existed. But this achievement of scientific and technological progress has its own history. It would not be amiss to note the names of its creators and remember the long path of its development.

The history of the discovery of television

The appearance of television was preceded by several very important and interesting events in the world of science and technology. It was they who made this invention possible, which very soon became a very important achievement that completely transformed our lives.

We list only the most important discoveries in science that influenced the creation of this device:

• the creation of the theory of light waves - the physicist Huygens, who went down in history, managed to understand the nature of light;
• discovery of electromagnetic waves - Maxwell;
• discovery of the ability to influence the parameters of electric current by changing the resistance - it is this discovery of the scientist with the popular name Smith that is associated with the very first experiments in creating television systems;
• discovery of the influence of light on electricity - Alexander Stoletov.

By the way, it was Stoletov who had the honor of creating the “electric eye” - that’s what the prototype of a modern photocell was called at that time. True, the photoelectric effect was first discovered by Heinrich Hertz, but he could not figure out how to use this phenomenon in practice. Stoletov did it for him, which is why he is considered the discoverer.

It is also important to remember that it was studied (at approximately the same time) how light affects the chemical composition of certain substances. As a result, the photoelectric effect was discovered, and it became clear to the scientific community that a picture can not only be “drawn” using electromagnetic waves, but also transmitted over a certain distance. And the invention of radio, which at that time had already become famous, spurred the interest of scientists and technicians. Now nothing could hinder progress. The creation of the first television was predetermined.

Speaking about who invented the television, which after some time became the most popular and important means of distributing and receiving information, it is impossible to name any one name - a lot of people participated in its creation.

It all started with the work of the German technician Paul Nipkow, who in 1884 created a device that performed line-by-line scanning of any picture that could be transmitted to the screen in the form of an optical-mechanical scan. The device was mechanical and was called the “Nipkow disk”. It was on its basis that the first electromechanical device was designed, which can already be called a TV. Television systems based on the Nipkow disk were known until the 30s of the twentieth century.

The very first kinescope was created by Karl Brown. It was called the “Brown tube” and became the prototype of modern picture tubes, which were used until the advent of liquid crystal and plasma panels.

Speaking about the first device that can already be called a television, it is necessary to remember the name of the Scotsman John Bird. He created a mechanical device operating on the basis of a Nipkow disk and put it into production. Bird turned out to be a very enterprising man, and his corporation flourished in the complete absence of competitors. True, his televisions did not have sound, but despite this, they were noticeably popular. The signal was transmitted over a fairly long distance - in 1927, communication was established between London and Glasgow at a distance of about 700 kilometers. However, the future of television lay with the vacuum tube invented by Brown.

Who invented the modern television

After its appearance, Brown's pipe did not become widespread. However, a few years later, the Russian scientist Boris Rosing became interested in it, and in 1907 he patented a similar device. His systems had no mechanical parts, and therefore can be called the first fully electronic devices.

And the date of appearance of the first television with an iconoscope (as the tube was called by its creator Vladimir Zvorykin, a student of Rosing) is considered to be 1933. The TV was assembled in the American laboratory of a scientist who left Russia after the revolution. It is Zvorykin who has the honor of being called the creator of modern television. Zvorykin's TV went into mass production in 1939. The device had a screen measuring 3x4 cm.

The first device to replace the mechanical Nipkow disk was created by the American Fransworth Philo Taylor and was called an image dissector. The device scanned an image like a Nipkow disk and divided it into electrical signals that could be transmitted. He also built the first fully electronic system, which was presented to the public in 1934.

After this series of inventions, experiments in the creation and development of television systems spread throughout the world.

Color TV

At first, scientists and technicians were faced with the task of transmitting images. Naturally, the first more or less high-quality images were transmitted in halftones; few people thought about color reproduction. And yet the idea of ​​transmitting a color image over a distance did not leave the minds of scientists and technicians. The very first experiments were carried out at a time when mechanical Byrd receivers dominated the market. The first studies were presented to the scientific community by Hovhannes Adamyan. At the very beginning of the 20th century, he patented a device that worked in two colors.

In 1928, the first device was introduced that was capable of transmitting a color image sequentially behind three color filters. This device became the prototype of the modern full-color TV.

Real progress in this area began after World War II. All the countries' resources were used to restore the war-damaged economy and improve the quality of life of the population. Waves in the decimeter range began to be used to transmit images.

The basis for further research in this area was the American Triniscope system, which was presented to the public back in 1940. It worked on the basis of three picture tubes, each of which received only the color intended for it. The result was a color picture.

After this, progress in the field of color television could not be stopped.

Creation of television in the USSR

The Soviet Union lagged somewhat behind other advanced countries in the development of television and research in image transmission. This was facilitated, in particular, by the difficulties in the country's economy caused by the Great Patriotic War.

The first experiments in transmitting television images took place back in 1931. The very first TV was assembled on a Nipkov disk. It was produced at the Leningrad Komintern plant and was not an independent device, but an attachment that had to be connected to a radio receiver. The TV had a screen measuring 3x4 cm.

Engineers in all corners of the country assembled the devices themselves. For this purpose, detailed instructions were even published in the Radiofront magazine. The assembly process was extremely simple, so the first televisions of this type appeared in Soviet families.

How did the first television appear?

More or less regular television broadcasting appeared in the USSR in 1931 after the launch of a broadcasting station on medium waves. At first, the signal was received by only three dozen mechanical devices, but the audience was significantly expanded by “homemade” devices. Here are the main milestones in the development of television in the USSR:

• 1949: mastered the production of mass-produced KVN televisions with a cathode ray tube;
• 1951: creation of the Central Television Gosteleradio;
• 1959: experiments with color television broadcasting;
• 1965: The first satellite broadcasting a signal to the entire country.

Television studios began to appear not only in Moscow, but also in other large cities of the country. A whole range of television programs of various directions has appeared. The industry produced increasingly modern television receivers. And all of this led to the modern television environment we have today.

Today it is difficult to imagine that just over a hundred years ago humanity could do without television. This technology has become a familiar part of the family, entertaining, educating and informing the rest of the household. In this regard, it will be interesting to find out who invented the first television.

It is very important to note that before the very first television appeared, radio was invented. Here opinions about its “founding fathers” vary: the domestic point of view names the name inventor of radio No. 1 A.S. Popov, and abroad the same problem was studied by Marconi, Tesla, and Branly.

The question of who exactly invented the television cannot be given a definite answer. Next you can name the name of Paul Nipkow. It was he who came up with a special device - a disk named after him. The invention occurred in 1884. It was the radio signal and mechanical scanning that gave rise to television.

Few people know what exactly with the help Nipkow disk It was possible to read the image line by line and transmit it further to the screen. The enterprising John Bird from Scotland in the late twenties of the last century developed the first television based on this principle. He began to successfully implement the created project.

John Logie Baird

The leadership of mechanical television receivers from the Baird corporation of the same name was assigned to such devices until the 30s. The picture was clear, but there was no sound. However, the future was predetermined: it belonged to the cathode ray tube.

Invention and use of CRT

The global trend of technical superiority forced the best minds to work for the benefit of progress: work on the invention of the cathode ray tube (CRT) was carried out in many countries. Again it is worth highlighting contribution of Russian scientists- in 1907, Boris Rosing received a patent for a similar development. But he came to this conclusion based on previous discoveries.

And here we can give a brief excursion into history. You may recall that the German Heinrich Hertz discovered the influence of light on electricity in 1887: this is how photo effect. Then he could not explain in what quality and why the photoelectric effect was needed. This was done for him a year later by Alexander Stoletov, who tried to construct a prototype of modern photocells when the “electric eye” device was invented. After him, many scientists tried to explain the nature of this phenomenon. Albert Einstein can also be included among them.

Other discoveries that influenced the future emergence of television are also important. For example, in 1879, English physicist William Crookes created substances (luminophores) that could glow under the influence of a cathode ray. And Karl Brown even made an attempt to create a future kinescope. Just thanks to this Brownian kinescope and the already mentioned Boris Rosing was able to substantiate the theory of obtaining images in this way. And in 1933, his student Vladimir Zvorykin created the first television with an iconoscope - that’s what he called the electron tube.

It is Zvorykin who is considered the “father” of modern TV. Even the world's first television was created in his American laboratory of the same name (he was an emigrant who left the country after the October Revolution). And in 1939, the first models for mass production appeared.

This led to the fact that in subsequent years the first televisions actively conquered European countries - first in Great Britain, Germany and so on. At first, the entire image was transmitted in optical-mechanical scanning, but then, with an increase in image quality, the transition to beam scanning took place in a cathode ray tube.

The first televisions appeared in the USSR already in 1939 - they began to be produced by the Leningrad Komintern plant. The principle of operation was the operation of a Nipkow disk, and therefore such a set-top box, having a screen of 3 by 4 cm, was necessary connect to radio. Then it was necessary to switch the radio to other frequencies - as a result, it was possible to watch those programs that were broadcast in European countries.

It was also interesting that these first televisions could be made by anyone. Especially for this purpose, the corresponding instructions were published in the Radiofront magazine.

Regular television broadcasting was started in 1938 by the Experimental Leningrad Center. And in the capital, television programs began to air about six months later. Interestingly, each of the television centers in these cities used different decomposition standards, which required the use of certain models of equipment.

1. To receive broadcasts from the Leningrad Television and Radio Center, the “VRK” television device was used (in decryption - the All-Union Radio Committee). It was a device with a 130x175 mm screen, the kinescope in which was powered by 24 lamps. Principle of operation - decomposition into 240 lines. Interestingly, in the thirties of the last century, 20 copies of such a device were produced. Such equipment was installed in pioneer houses and palaces of culture for the purpose of collective viewing.
2. The Moscow television center broadcast from decomposition into 343 lines- this was perceived by the TK-1 devices. A more complex device with 33 lamps was already implied here. In 1938 alone, 200 of them were produced, and by the beginning of the Great Patriotic War - 2 thousand copies.

The research into human engineering did not stop there - simplified models were bound to appear sooner or later. For example, at the Leningrad Radist plant in 1940, a serial version of the 17TN-1 was proposed, which could reproduce programs from both Leningrad and Moscow television. Production was launched, but only 2 thousand units were produced before the outbreak of hostilities.

You can also give an example of a simplified model called “ATP-1” (Subscriber television receiver No. 1) - it was the prototype of modern cable subscription television. It was produced by the Aleksandrovsky plant before the war.

When did television become color?

All of the above talks about the transfer of black and white images. Scientists continued to work to make it color.

When did color televisions appear? People first began to think about this during the time of mechanical television receivers. One of the first developments was presented by Hovhannes Adamyan, who back in 1908 received a patent for a device capable of transmitting signals. two-color device. It is impossible not to mention John Logie Brad, the same inventor of the mechanical receiver. It was he who, in 1928, assembled a color television that sequentially transmitted three images using a blue, red and green filter.

But these were only attempts. A real leap in the development of color television occurred after the end of World War II. Since all efforts were devoted to civilian production, this inevitably led to progress in this area. This is what happened in the USA. An additional rationale was the use decimeter waves for image transmission.

This led to the fact that already in 1940, American scientists presented the Triniscope system. It was notable for the fact that it used three kinescopes with different colors from the phosphor glow, each of which reproduced a different color of the image.

As for domestic spaces, similar technical developments began to appear in the USSR only in 1951. But a year later, ordinary TV viewers could see a trial color broadcast.

In the 70s, television became a common technical device in many homes around the world. The Soviet space was no exception, the only thing worth noting is that color television receivers remained in our country scarce almost until the end of the eighties of the last century.

Progress does not stand still

Inventors tried to improve the result obtained - this is how the remote control appeared in 1956. Who created such a useful device? It was developed by Robert Adler in 1956. The principle of its operation was to transmit ultrasonic signals, which were modulated by the corresponding commands. The very first remote control could only control the volume and change channels, but even at that time this was a pretty significant statement.

Concerning infrared version of the remote control, then it appeared in 1974 as a result of developments by Grundig and Magnavox. Its birth was dictated by the advent of teletext, which required more precise control, which means that buttons appeared then. And already in the eighties, the remote control was additionally used as an analogue of a gamepad, because then televisions also became an additional monitor to the first household computers and game consoles.

With the advent of VCRs, there was a need for the additional implementation of a component video input (in addition to the already existing analog antenna).

With the beginning of the twenty-first century, the era of picture tubes came to an end - plasma panels and LCD TVs. And by the 2010s, CRT models were practically forced out of the market by flat devices in LCD and PDP formats. Many of them can connect to the Internet and even demonstrate the ability to view 3D content.

Today's television receiver bears little resemblance to its ancestor - it has functions home media center, while maintaining the functions of viewing over-the-air and cable television. And this is not to mention the quality of the image itself, transmitted in high definition (and in top models, ultra-high definition).

“Television makes us more educated. When I see the TV on, I go into the next room and start reading.” , - said the famous American comedian Groucho Marx. Even at the dawn of television, in the 30s of the 20th century, many experts expressed doubts about this type of leisure: they say , modern people will not sit and look into the “box”. How wrong they were, because watching TV became the main thing pre escort for millions of inhabitants of the Earth. Find out who invented the television and when the first models appeared in the USSR.

Who invented the first mechanical television

Attempts to create a television began in the middle of the 19th century. The efforts of many scientists of that time were unsuccessful, but numerous experiments led to important discoveries. At the beginning of the 20th century, everything needed to create a TV was available:

• the photoconductivity of selenium was discovered;
• the idea of ​​an element-by-element image transmission method has been proven;
• a photocell and a light distributor were created;
• The Nipkow disk was invented - a device that scans an image.

Scottish engineer John Baird was the first among numerous inventors to achieve success. In 1925, he invented the world's first mechanical television. The achievement was not easy: during the experiments, Baird was almost killed by high voltage.

At first, the invention was treated with caution and even irony. However, everything changed after the device was officially recognized at the highest level in 1926. By 1930, thousands of devices were produced. And regular television broadcasting appeared a year earlier.

Electronic TV: who invented it?

All leading countries of the world were engaged in the development of electronic televisions soon after the invention of mechanical television. The pioneers in this area are the Germans. Already in 1928, the German company Telefunken presented a prototype working using the projection method at an exhibition in Berlin.

In 1934, Telefunken employees released the world's first electronic television. Sales started at an unprecedented price of $445, which is equivalent to today's $7.5 thousand.

Soon the industries of France, the USA and the USSR followed German manufacturers. By the beginning of World War II, Soviet industry had even managed to surpass the Germans, producing more than two thousand electronic televisions.

The first TV in the USSR

Soviet industry did not stand still and soon offered its own analogue of the TV. In April 1932, the first mechanical TV “B-2” was completed at the Leningrad plant.

The rapid development was facilitated by the ambitious plans of the Communist Party, as well as the fact that many of the developments were made by Russian scientists. The B-2 TV was not an independent device: it was an attachment for a radio receiver with a miniature screen measuring 3 by 4 cm.

To see anything, a huge magnifying glass was placed in front of the TV, which, of course, affected the quality of the image. In 1933, the B-2 model began to be produced for the mass consumer. In total, the Leningrad plant produced 3 thousand copies.

In the USSR, regular television broadcasting began in 1938. In pre-war times, Soviet citizens could view programs from three channels. The first truly mass-produced television, KVN-49, began production in 1949. It was sold for an amount equivalent to two average salaries. The television was not reliable, so citizens deciphered the abbreviation KVN with the phrase: “Bought - Turned on - Doesn’t work.”

Having relied on mechanical televisions, Soviet engineers initially lagged behind Western manufacturers. Over time, the situation changed: in 1990, the USSR ranked fourth in the world in terms of the number of televisions produced.

Interesting fact: for Stalin’s 70th birthday, he was given a Moskvich-T1 TV. And it was the first model to support 625 line resolution. It is not known whether the leader of the people liked to watch TV, but he definitely forbade showing himself.

There was a special order instructing operators to turn off the camera or point the lens at the audience when Stalin appeared on the podium. All existing video recordings were made with the permission of the KGB and were never broadcast live: the intelligence services believed that no one should know where the head of state was now.

Who created color television

The development of color image transmission began with the advent of mechanical television. Many attempts by inventors ended in failure due to the limitations of the mechanical method of reproduction. The real breakthrough came only after the end of World War II.

In the 1940s, color broadcasting of the CBS standard began in the United States, but there were no compact televisions that supported color images. Hardware additions to black-and-white TVs have begun to appear on the market, allowing them to receive color images.

Manufacturers of black and white TVs did not like this. Having great influence in the government, they initiated a ban on the production of this kind of upgrades. Under the pretext of a lack of resources for the Korean War, the US Congress imposed a ban on the production of color adapters and on any attempts to create a color television. It got to the point where the distribution of any color technology became a criminal offense.

In 1953, the United States adopted a new color television standard developed by RCA. Immediately after the ban was lifted, in April 1954, the same company released the first mass-produced color TV model - the CT-100, which became legendary among US citizens.

Modern TVs support ultra-high definition standards: many models reproduce images in 4K and 8K resolution. Television is losing its position to the Internet. The main audience of television remains pensioners and people of the older generation, accustomed to learning news from the “box”.

Young people give preference to Internet resources: they choose the content themselves, and there is less advertising there. Even manufacturers position televisions as home theaters, and not as stations for watching television channels. Not only is the format for presenting information outdated, but the quality of the content has also decreased.

One sociologist said: “Television allows us to enjoy the company of people we would not allow into our homes.” Perhaps television, like radio in its time, will change somewhat, leaving its own, albeit small, audience.

Scholars may know most of the names and occupations of these people - John Lowey Baird, Boris Lvovich Rosing, Vladimir Kozmich Zvorykin, Semyon Isidorovich Kataev, Konstantin Dmitrievich Persky, Paul Julius Gottlieb Nipkov, Kenjiro Takayanagi, Philo Taylor Farnsworth. These names are most often heard when it comes to who invented the television.

They worked on new technologies in different years and even eras and on different continents, but each individually made a significant contribution to the embodiment of the idea of ​​​​transmitting visual information using technical means.

Who was the inventor of the first mechanical television

Electronic telescope - this is what the German engineer-inventor Paul Julius Gottlieb Nipkow called his invention. In 1884 he filed a patent. The principle of operation of the device, which is now recorded as the first television, was based on receiving light signals and mechanically scanning them using a projection converter (Nipkow disk).

The device created by Nipkov is not a television as such, but it is still an important component that gave impetus to the development of mechanical television. By the beginning of the twentieth century, several more scientists patented their picture tubes (Karl Braun, Max Dieckmann).

In 1925, Scotsman John Lougie Baird, who picked up Nipkow's idea, organized a public demonstration in London of a television image of a silhouette in motion. A year later there was a presentation with a human face. And in 1927, the inventor carried out, for the first time in world history, broadcast signal transmission between Glasgow and London.

But the age of television mechanics could not last long; the era of electronic television began.

Who invented the electronic TV

What only recently seemed like a fantastic goal became more and more a reality every year. Russian physicists and engineers could not help but contribute to the invention. The first to come up with a new approach to television communications was the physicist and teacher at the St. Petersburg Technological University Boris Lvovich Rosing. He began his research by setting a new vector - introducing an inertia-free electron beam into the television system.

B. L. Rosing can be considered the founder of electronic television, because he did not use mechanical parts. His system was recognized in Europe and supported by a patent in 1907. A few years later, the physicist-inventor presented a prototype of a kinescope, and the demonstration of an image with its help was recorded in the history of technology as the first television broadcast of electronic television. This happened in 1911.

But it took decades for the most important development, which would begin mass production. Rosing's idea of ​​​​using a cathode ray tube was continued to be developed by his student Vladimir Kozmich Zvorykin. After the October Revolution, the Russian engineer emigrated to America, where he continued his work. The result of his work was a patent for an iconoscope - that’s what the author called it, and under that name the device went into mass production. The first model sold in 1928 for $75 and featured obscure silhouettes.

Regular television broadcasting was launched first in the USA, then in European countries. By the mid-1930s, broadcasting was carried out on the VHF band. The television receiver model was improved by scientists from other countries. The correct answer to the question of what year the television was invented would also be 1937, when the British released a model with a picture tube. TV appeared in mass production in the USSR a little later.

The first attempts to master television broadcasting technologies were made in the Soviet Union at the beginning of the twentieth century. First, they produced devices based on the Nipkow disk (the one who invented the first mechanical method of image transmission) with a 3x4 cm screen, then they mastered the electronic principle.

In 1932, Leningraders launched the production of television receivers (the Komintern plant produced 3,000 units). The device was called “B-2”, it was of a mechanical type, but was not an independent device: it had to be connected to a radio receiver.

Soviet engineers relied on mechanical televisions, which led to technological stagnation. However, regular television broadcasting (3 channels) in the country of the Soviets began in the pre-war period - in 1938. The KVN television is considered the most widespread, but its production began only in the post-war years. The first Soviet color television with sequential transmission of color fields (“Rainbow”) was an analogue of the then outdated American television model.

Who invented color television

Work on the ability to transmit images in color took place in parallel with the evolution of televisions. With the advent of mechanical television, engineers began to make attempts to make the transmission of pictures high-quality, close to reality. Back in 1908, the Soviet engineer O. Adamyan patented the invented 2-color device.

A breakthrough in the development of color signal transmission was the invention of the above-mentioned Scot D. Brad. The device, which he assembled in 1928, could transmit 3 images sequentially using light filters (blue, green and red).

Color television received an impetus for development only after the Second World War. The United States was the least affected by the war, so it quickly converted its defense production areas to civilian production. The US radio electronics industry began to use decimeter radio bands; 3 transmitting tubes were used for color separation. The search for the most suitable signal transmission system took a long time. Only in 1951 did regular color broadcasting begin, conducted by 5 CBS television stations.

In the USSR, on November 7, 1952, after searching and developing a similar standard, a test broadcast was conducted by the Leningrad Television Center. A year later, regular broadcasting began on Shabolovka in Moscow.

The most interesting facts

Among those who created the television is the Japanese Kenjiro Takayanagi. His role is that already in 1927 he demonstrated a device with a resolution of 100 lines, and in 1928 he was the first to convey people's faces in halftones.

The world's first serial television receiver, the Visionette, was mechanical with a 45-line scan.

Serial production of electric vacuum devices was launched in 1934 in Germany. The cheapest model from Telefunken with a diagonal of 30 cm cost $445.

Soviet people could make a TV on their own. The instructions were published in the magazine “Radiofront”; you just had to switch the radio to another frequency.

The KVN-49 TV, which became the most popular TV in the Soviet Union, was sold at a price that was equivalent to 2 average salaries. The device was unreliable, so it very soon acquired a popular nickname; wits deciphered the abbreviation as “Bought, Turned on, Doesn’t work.”

When the television was invented, television advertising appeared. The Bulova Watch Company video lasted only 10 seconds, the customer paid $9.