Use of graphic objects. Using simple animated graphic objects
Raster graphics A raster image is very sensitive to reduction and enlargement. When a raster image is reduced in size, several adjacent dots are converted into one, and therefore the fine details of the image are lost in clarity. A raster image is created using dots of different colors (pixels) that form rows and columns. A set of dot lines form a graphic grid (raster)
Vector Graphics Vector graphics are used to store high-precision graphic objects(drawings, diagrams), for which it is important to maintain clear and bright contours. Vector images are formed from elements - point, line, circle, rectangle, etc. For each element, coordinates and color are specified
Fractal graphics Fractal graphics, like vector graphics, are calculated, but differ from them in that no objects are stored in the computer's memory. The image is constructed using an equation (or a system of equations), so only formulas are stored. By changing the coefficients in the equation, you can get a different picture.
Professional education VISUAL EFFECTS Creating realistic or, conversely, fantastic worlds in films, interesting characters, spectacular destruction, explosions, tornadoes, and other special effects - this is not a complete list of the functions of visual effects specialists. This profession requires not only the ability to work in three-dimensional packages, but also knowledge of mathematics, physics and various artistic disciplines.
Compositing Compositing is one of the most interesting specialties in post-production. The composer’s task is to collect the filming material and all created by specialists into a single scene (shot). visual effects layers computer graphics, combine them by color and dynamics, carry out a huge amount of corrections and improvements, and produce the final composition. Every scene with special effects that the viewer sees in a movie is the result of the composer’s work.
Motion design Motion designer is one of the most creative and sought-after specializations in computer graphics. It includes the creation of “packaging” for TV channels, advertising, video clips, design of concert venues, media resources, media art and much more. A motion designer is always squeezed into a narrow time frame production process, but has sufficient freedom of expression.
Computer animation On August 30, 1877, a device was patented - Emile Raynaud's praxinoscope. Animation is the process of giving the ability to move and/or the appearance of life to objects and dead bodies. A real revolution in the world of animation was made by WALT DISNEY (), an American director, artist and producer.
Computer animation Currently, there are various technologies for creating animation: Classical (traditional) animation; Stop-frame (puppet) animation; Sprite animation; Morphing; Color animation; 3D animation; Motion Capture.
Computer animation Motion Capture is the first direction of animation that makes it possible to convey natural, realistic movements in real time. Sensors are attached to a living actor in those places that will be brought into line with control points computer model for input and digitization of movement. The actor's coordinates and orientation in space are transmitted to the graphics station, and the animation models come to life.
Professional education Animation Animator (from the Latin anima to animate) is an interesting and fascinating profession, relevant not only in animation, but also in cinema, advertising, production computer games, media environment. The course program is aimed at training specialists to work in any area of the modern animation industry - classic production of animated films, advertising, computer games, cinema. Fragments of the cartoon "Little Red Riding Hood".
Professional education Architectural visualization Architectural visualization is a three-dimensional graphic display of an object or group of objects in architecture, allowing the most accurate representation of the external and internal characteristics of the future structure. Archviz is actively used in demonstrating competitive projects, creating presentations in the field of design and construction, as well as advertising.
Computer game development Game graphics Game graphics is one of the youngest and most popular specialties in graphic art. The responsibilities of a game industry artist include creating game characters, locations, visual game development, game level design, and other amazing tasks.
Inserting pictures and graphic objects:
Select the Insert / Drawing command. The selected picture or graphic will be displayed on the slide.
To format a picture (autoshape), you need to select it and select the Format / Picture (autoshape) command; the Format Picture (autoshape) dialog box will open.
Video clips
Inserting video clips:
Select the command Insert / Movies and sound / Movies from a collection of pictures. Next, in the Clip Collection panel in the task pane, you can select a clip and view it. To do this, you need to hover your mouse over the clip and click on the drop-down list button, from which you need to select the “View and Properties” command. After viewing the clip, click the Close button.
To add the selected clip to a slide, click on the clip in the Clip Collection panel with the mouse, it will be displayed on the slide.
Inserting sounds
1. Open the slide to which you want to add music or sound effects.
2. From the Insert menu, select Movies and Sound, and then do one of the following:
Inserting a sound file
Select Sound from File, locate the folder that contains the file, and double-click the file.
Inserting sound from the Picture Collection
Select Sound from Collection , Find the clip you want and click it to add it to your slide.
Burning from CD
Select Burn from CD, find the file you want, and double-click it.
Record sound
Select the Record Sound command, the Sound Recording dialog box will open, in which you need to click on the Start Recording button. Using a microphone, record sound. After recording, click on the "Stop recording" button
Animation
Animation is adding a special video or sound effect to text or an object. Animation effects can be applied to elements on a slide such as text, pictures, graphs, diagrams and other objects. Text animation effects can generally be applied to letters, words, and paragraphs.
The commands you use to add animation in PowerPoint are Animation Effects and Custom Animation. Pre-made animation effects can be applied to all elements of selected slides or all slides in a presentation. Animation settings can be applied to individual elements on a slide.
Animation effects :
If you only want to add an animation scheme to certain slides, select the slides you want in the Slides pane.
From the Slide Show menu, select Animation Effects.
In the Slide Design task pane, select the desired animation effect from the Apply to selected slides list.
If you want to apply the animation effect to all slides, click Apply to all slides.
Animation settings
IN normal mode Open the slide whose text or objects you want to animate.
Select an object to animate.
From the Slide Show menu, select Animation Settings.
In the Animation Settings task area, click the Add Effect button and select the desired effect from the sections that appear: Input, Selection, Output, Motion Paths.
Diagrams
The editor allows you to add different types of charts to your slides that are not based on spreadsheets or numerical values. These diagrams are used to illustrate material presented in presentations. These include: cyclic, radial, pyramid, Venn and target diagrams.
Adding a chart:
Select the Insert / Schematic diagram command or on the Drawing toolbar click the Add diagram button.
Select one of the chart types and click OK.
You can then use the Chart toolbar commands to replace a chart, reverse a chart, add text to a chart shape, add a shape to a chart, and so on. In addition, you can apply a ready-made style to the chart by clicking the AutoFormat button on the “Chart” toolbar and on certain areas of the chart, you can enable chart animation.
Over the past 10 years, the video game industry has seen Fast passage from simple 2D monochromatic games to full-scale, fast, and fully color games high resolution, 3D games that are so popular today. At the same time, thanks to object-oriented programming, it became easier to create animations High Quality. Creating animations can be viewed as drawing objects now from the perspective of a computer screen. For example, a monster in DOOM is an instance of a class object for that kind of monster,” said a DOOM game designer.
CEO of DOOM: “Simply put, an object-oriented animation application defines various classes, creates instances of those classes, and performs operations on object instances using methods found in the Graphic Object class.”
Graphical abstraction of an object
The basic principle of abstraction in animation is the representation of a graphic object as a GraphicObject class. Everything that is drawn on the screen is an object of the GraphicObject class. Point, Line, Polygon, Bezier Curve, Bezier Surface, Texture Map Polygon, Background, Image, 3D Shape Sprite are all created using Polygons and are an example of GraphicObject. Simple graphic objects can be combined into more complex graphic objects. The main problem an animator faces is being able to use these objects on screen. In the procedural principle of programming, there can be nothing in common between the functions of drawing a cube and a ball,” said an animator for the game DOOM.
The DOOM game programmer continued: “One of the fundamental methods of GraphicObject is a method called Draw(). Using this method, a graphic object is drawn. Without this method, the object cannot be visible on the screen. Using the GraphicObject class, you can update a graphic object every millisecond by transferring control to the camera, which at this moment will be either static or dynamic. The graphics abstraction GraphicObject has properties and methods that may or may not be implemented outside of graphics object classes. Most graphics objects have a position property, which allows you to use the GraphicObject.Draw() method as an anchor point for drawing the object.
When the graphics engine moves a graphic object, the GraphicObject.Draw() method needs to recalculate the location of all parts of the graphic object and redraw them in the new location, so the graphic object appears in the new location.
The advantage of using a position in a GraphicObject is that the engine simply sets a new position on the graphics object, and the graphics object redraws the rest of itself in the new location.
Not all custom visible graphics need to have a position property. An example would be a graphic object representing a background. The background image is not tied to any position, since it has just been drawn on the entire screen. On the other hand, there may be graphical objects that are not visible to the user, so they must contain a position property. An example of such a graphical animation object is the camera, since it actually needs a position in order to calculate the point of view of the rest of the visible objects.
Graphics objects that have positions have operations that can be performed on them, such as GraphicObject.Reposition(), GraphicObject.Displace() or GraphicObject.Rotate(), as well as GraphicObject.Scale() and GraphicObject.Shear().
GraphicObject.Reposition() – drawing a graphic image at a new position,
GraphicObject.Displace() – removal of a graphic image,
GraphicObject.Rotate() – rotation of the graphic image,
GraphicObject.Scale() – increasing the graphic image,
GraphicObject.Shear() – shift of the graphic image.”
On video: Basic course— “Introduction to OOP.”
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Animation techniques are constantly evolving, and game developers and film studios are constantly looking for talented and creative individuals who can apply these techniques.
Here are the main types of animation that can be used to create digital characters for television shows, commercial applications, company logos, movies, videos or games.
- Traditional animation.
- 2D vector animation.
- 3D computer animation.
- Motion graphics.
- Stop motion.
Traditional animation
Have you ever seen images that appear as frames in quick succession, drawn on transparent sheets of paper with colored markers? This type of computer animation is called traditional. It is used for preliminary character sketches.
This process can be quite expensive and time-consuming, as animators have to create a series of different frames based on the 24 frames per second frame rate. This method used mainly on PCs, as well as tablets using special computer programs that allow you to create animation in the style of old Disney cartoons.
2D vector animation
The most commonly used animation style. Its frames are created on a relatively flat surface. In addition, vector animation has adopted some traditional animation techniques. In reality, it is the same as traditional animation, except that a process known as shading and shading is applied to the frames.
During this process, animators place thin, transparent sheets of celluloid onto paper on which animated characters are drawn, and then transfer them onto film. At the end, shots of different characters are superimposed on each other, and due to the high transparency of the film, this allows you to create a composition from various elements and characters.
3D computer animation
3D animation is completely different from other types of animation in computer graphics. Although they use the same principles of composition and movement, technical methods, used to solve various problems, vary significantly. In 3D animation, the animator does not need to be a graphic artist. It's more like playing with dolls than drawing.
These are also called computer-generated images ( CGI). They occur when computer animators create a stream of images that are brought together to form an animation. Combining dynamic and static images is done using computer graphics. Characters created in 3D, in digital format are displayed on screen and then combined with the wireframe, allowing each model to be animated differently.
Animation is created by creating models in individual key frames, and then the computer multiplies them, interpreting the animation by adding intermediate frames between key frames.
In addition, a lot of time is spent working with curves representing different parts of the object at different periods of time. In 3D animation, all characters must be taken into account, even those that at a certain point in time are blocked by something and are not visible.
The main difference between these types of animation is that in traditional and 2D animation the artist works on individual frames, while in 3D animation there is always a continuous flow. If it stops, it is perceived as an error. Even when the character remains in place, there is always a continuous flow of frames that creates the illusion of reality.
Motion graphics
Have you ever wondered how promotional videos, animated logos, movie opening credits, and app advertisements are created? This is done using moving graphic texts and elements, or as I call it, motion graphics.
This is a process that uses "multiplication" of animated frames to create smooth movement between frames. Frame multiplication programs support scripts that automatically change the animation to create numerous effects.
3D compositions are created from flat elements moving relative to each other, which creates the illusion of volume. They may also be accompanied sound effects or music. Such objects are often used in multimedia projects.
Stop motion
Stop motion is a type of computer animation that is more similar to traditional animation. All you have to do is take a photo of the object, and when you move the object relatively short distance, you take another photo. This procedure is repeated repeatedly, and when the images are played one after another, the impression of movement is created.
There are many forms of stop motion animation, including Cut-Outs, Claymation and Puppets, and others. But the point is that to create animation, objects that need to move are photographed sequentially many times.
Translation of the article "Types of Animation in Computer Graphics"was prepared by the friendly project team.
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Municipal autonomous educational institution for children
Vladimir
"City Interschool Training Center No. 2"
Methodological development of the lesson
on this topic " CreationGIF– animation by means graphic editors »
Developed by
labor training teacher
BICHURENKO Pavel Andreevich
Vladimir 2014
EXPLANATORY NOTE
This methodological development designed for 2 lessons. During the classes, knowledge on the topic “raster and vector images” acquired by students in previous lessons is tested. One lesson is allocated to complete a practical task. The form of this lesson is a practical lesson.
The content of this development includes the study of types of animation, their advantages and disadvantages, and technology for creating animation. During the classes, students gain skills in creating images and their animation using graphic editors, and also acquire the ability to convert vector images into raster ones. The knowledge gained can be applied when designing interactive presentations and web pages.
LESSON ON THE TOPIC: CREATIONGIF– ANIMATIONS USING GRAPHIC EDITORS
Target:To develop students' ability to create GIF animation.
Tasks:
Educational: To develop knowledge about methods of creating animation and types of animation. Give the concept of animation.
Educational: Fostering students’ information culture, attentiveness, discipline, and perseverance.
Developmental: Development of cognitive interests, creative abilities, independent work, note-taking skills.
Personal:
Showing cognitive interest in the learning process;
Manifestation of an emotional and value-based attitude to the topic being studied.
Metasubject:
Cognitive:
Learn to apply the acquired knowledge in practice;
Learn to summarize the information received;
Evaluate your actions, evaluate the results;
Find answers to questions using your life experience and information received in class.
Regulatory:
Work according to the plan proposed by the teacher, when fulfilling practical tasks;
Learn to formulate a question, problem, difficulty faced by students.
Communicative:
Learn to express your point of view, formulate a statement;
Learn to present to others the progress of work and its results, listen to the opinions of others;
Use verbal means adequately to discuss and argue your position.
Subject:
Master the technology of creationGIF-animation;
Gain the ability to create animation;
Lesson type: learning new material
According to the form of organization: Workshop lesson.
Equipment:personal computers, projector, screen, lesson notes, technological maps, magazine, software (Inkscape, Paint. NET, UnFREEz).
Lesson plan:
Organizing time;
Updating knowledge;
Setting lesson goals;
Work on the topic of the lesson;
Practical work"Creating Animation";
Frontal survey;
During the classes:
Organizing time.
- Greeting students.
A short description of what will be learned in the lesson.
2. Updating knowledge.
What types of graphics are there? (raster, vector, fractal, animation, 3D).
What is the basis for the construction of raster and vector graphic images? (on pixels - rows and columns; on graphic primitives).
3. Setting lesson goals.
What is animation?
In what programs is it created?
Today in the lesson we will look at creating animation using graphic editors.
4. Work on the topic of the lesson.
Use the Animation demo to show various examples animations and their creation.
Animation- this is the creation of the illusion of movement of objects on the monitor screen. Computer animation uses rapid frame changes on the monitor screen. The more frames that change in one second, the smoother the object moves.
In what computer programs have you encountered animation effects? (in computer presentations).
What types of animation did you use? (changing slides, placing objects on slides, animation effects when text appears).
Write down the definition in your notebookGIF-animations.
GIF animation –is a sequence of raster graphics stored in a single file in the format.gif. When creating a GIF animation, you can set the amount of delay for each frame; the smaller it is, the better quality animation. You can set the number of times a sequence of frames will be repeated. A large number of frames leads to improved animation quality, but at the same time the size of the GIF file increases.
Another type of animation isflash-animation.
Flash animationis a sequence of vector drawings. Its huge advantage is that you don’t need to draw every frame. Enough to draw key frames and set the type of transition between them and the editor will automatically build intermediate frames. If there are a lot of frames, then the animation is smooth, if there are few, then it’s fast. Therefore, you can set the number of frames appearing per second. The more there are, the better the animation quality. Another positive point The problem is that Flash animation files take up little space, which is why they are widely used on Web sites on the Internet.
5. Practical work “CreationGIF-animation using graphic editors" (Technological map).
First, I demonstrate the process of creating animation on the screen, then students sit down at their personal computers and complete the task. If problematic issues arise, we solve them individually.
6. Frontal survey.
What is a pixel? Pixel– the minimum area of the image for which the color is independently set.
What is the resolution of a raster image? ResolutionA raster image is determined by the number of horizontal and vertical pixels per unit length of the image.
What is color depth? The amount of information that is used to encode an image is calleddepth of color.
Name 3 color palettes in color rendering systems? (RGB, CMYK, HSB). Which color rendering is used most often and where? (RGB – for display on the monitor)
What is a raster image? Raster imagesare formed from dots of different colors that form rows and columns.
What's happened Vector graphics? Vector drawingsare formed from basic graphic objects, for each of which the coordinates of reference points, formulas for drawing the object, as well as the color, thickness and style of the line of its contour are specified.
Name the vector and raster images. (jpeg,gif, png, svg, wmfetc.)
Give examples of raster and vector graphics editors (Paint. NET, GIMP, Photoshop,Inkscape, CorelDrawand etc.).
What are the three basic colors that create an image? (red, green, blue)
Summing up the lesson. Reflection.
Grading.
Reflection questions:
What advantages and disadvantages of GIF animation did you learn in class?
What difficulties did you encounter during the conversion? vector image to raster?
Do you know an easier way to create animation? Which?