Information technologies in translation activities. Information technology in translation

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1. Information and technological competence of the translator.

2. Automated translator workstation

2.1.Working with a text editor. Automatic editing of translation text.

2.2.Electronic dictionaries and translation. Electronic libraries

2.3. Electronic text corpora and translation

2.4.Computer translators

I. According to many scientists, an important component of a translator’s professional competence is the technical component, which presupposes possession of appropriate technical means, and primarily electronic ones. A graduate in the field of study 035700.62 “Linguistics” of the “Translation and Translation Studies” profile must have, according to the training standard, among other things, the following competencies:

Own using standard methods solving basic typical problems in the field of linguistic support of information and other application systems;

Have computer skills as a means of obtaining, processing and managing information;

Have the ability to work with information in global computer networks;

Be able to work with electronic dictionaries and other electronic resources to solve linguistic problems;

Possess the basics of information and bibliographic culture,

Know how to prepare for translation, including searching for information in reference books, specialized literature and computer networks;

Be able to format the translation text in a computer text editor;

Be able to work with basic information retrieval and expert systems, systems for knowledge representation, syntactic and morphological analysis, automatic synthesis and speech recognition, processing of lexicographic information and automated translation, automated systems identification and verification of identity.

I name here those competencies where mastery of information literacy is expressed explicitly, and in addition, many other competencies include this concept implicitly, for example.

Summarizing all of the above, it can be argued that a modern linguist, a specialist in the field of translation, cannot do without information means of receiving, processing, storing and transmitting information in his professional activities. Such tools include such electronic resources as:

Text editor,

Electronic bilingual and monolingual dictionaries for working online and offline;

Internet;

Terminology databases;

Specialized terminological dictionaries and glossaries;

Automatic editing programs;

General and specialized encyclopedias, encyclopedic dictionaries;

Electronic manuals by style;

Electronic corpora of parallel texts and concordancers;

Electronic libraries;

Online newspaper and magazine archives;

Translation Memory programs

Machine translation programs;

New communication technologies, etc.

II. Due to the fact that technical means began to occupy an increasing place in the professional activity of a translator, the concept of an automated translator’s workstation appeared in practice and in theory. The automated workplace includes such technical means as a computer, scanner, fax machine or fax modem, printer, Internet with all components (e-mail), telephone, as well as electronic resources. Translation performed using computer technology is called automated translation. The term CAT is used to refer to automated translation. The English term is computer-assisted translation, computer-aided translation - CAT. With a narrow understanding of this concept, CAT includes such translation automation systems as SDL Trados, Deja Vu, StarTransit, Wordfast and others. According to Wikipedia, “Computer-aided translation is a type of translation in which a human translator translates texts using computer programs designed to facilitate the translation process.” Broadly speaking, CAT technology includes electronic dictionaries, machine translation programs, the Translation Memory system, spell checkers, grammar checking programs, terminology databases, full-text search tools, concordancers, etc.

III. In the Microsoft Word text editor, which translators usually work with, there are a number of functions that are important for a translator. This is Spelling and Grammar Checker - a tool for checking spelling and grammar of text. The program allows you to control the spelling of words.

Programs for checking the correct syntax and style of text in a text editor, included in the spelling control block:

1. Bullfighter checks spelling, syntax and style of text in Microsoft Word and PowerPoint applications,

2.English Writing Software

3. Grammar Checker 7.0

4. Grammar Slammer-Non-Windows 4.0

5. Grammar Slammer 4.2

6.Grammatica English

7.SpellCheckPlus

8. WhiteSmoke English 2009

The program included in Microsoft package Office 2003 and 2007 makes it possible to find the following types of errors: spelling and punctuation (placement of hyphens, use of capital letters, non-compliance with spelling standards of the selected option in English etc.), grammatical errors (violation of agreement between the predicate and the subject, incorrectly constructed verbal construction, double negation, etc.), stylistic errors (clichés, colloquial words, jargon, incorrect use of words, etc.)

Text editor Microsoft Office 2007 has the function of translating selected text or an entire document from one language to another (“built-in translator”) in the “Review” panel, here you can also track the differences between two texts, i.e. changes that are made to the translation text after the translator has completed his work on it. When is such a comparison necessary? If a translator works alternately with an editor on a text, the translator receives a piece of text from the editor and can compare and see the changes made.

The Thesaurus function allows you to find synonyms or antonyms that can be used to avoid repetition in translation.

It is known that

2.2.Electronic dictionary - a computer database containing specially encoded dictionary entries that allow a quick search for words, often taking into account morphological forms and with the ability to search for combinations of words, as well as the ability to change the direction of translation.

Advantages of electronic dictionaries:

1. high speed of information processing;

2. portability of the storage medium;

3. availability of the latest vocabulary due to rapid updating, especially in rapidly developing areas (nanotechnology, computer technology, etc.);

4. simultaneous access to several dictionaries;

5. possibility of changing the direction of translation.

IN Lately There is a trend of growing interest among translators in online dictionaries, because all of the above characteristics are characteristic of them to a greater extent than offline ones.

Flaws:

1. Unverified/inaccuracy of some data

Among the well-known dictionaries are Abbyy Lingvo, Multilex, Polyglossum, Context 7.0, Elsevier (Version 2002), etc.

Multilex Delux 6 is 28 English-Russian and Russian-English general, thematic and explanatory dictionaries, including the Oxford English-Russian Dictionary, the Large Russian-English Dictionary of A.I. Smirntitsky, the English-Russian Phraseological Dictionary of A.V. Kunin , linguistic and cultural dictionaries of the USA and Great Britain.

Abbyy Lingvo x3 – 150 dictionaries with a total volume of 9 million entries On the websites of users of this dictionary you can find useful dictionaries and information www.lingvoda.ru and www.lingvodics.com.

In addition, Abbyy has developed a professional system for creating, storing and updating ABBYY Lingvo Content dictionaries. With its help, you can create, update, expand and analyze dictionaries of any complexity, create dictionaries based on existing ones and export them to various formats.

Multitran

Elsevier (Version 2002)

On the forums of the websites “City of Translators” and the Association of Lexicographers Lingvo, the question of which dictionary is better is discussed - there is no clear answer (www.trworkshop.ru and www.lingvoda.ru).

Links to bilingual and multilingual dictionaries can be found on the Internet at the following sites: www.glossarist.com, www.lexicon.ch, www.yourdictionary.com, www.1000dictionaries.com, www.accurapid.com, www.littera.ru.

In scientific and applied understanding, the use of dictionaries does not cause absolute delight among all scientists. Thus, B.N. Klimzo believes that they wean the translator from thinking.

www.americana.ru – Americana English-Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary

www.anylexic.com – AnyLexic, Version2

www.babylon.com – Babylon

www. allwords.com – Context

www.pngis.net/dictionary - English-Italian-Russian on-line dictionary on oil and gas

www.lingvo.ru – Lingvo ABBYY

www.panvasoft.com/eng/10796 - WinLexic Microsoft Glossaries 2005

www.un-interpreters.org/glossaries.html

www.multilex.ru/online.html

www.rambler.ru/dict/enru/ - New Large English-Russian Dictionary

www. rambler.ru/dict/ruen -Russian-English dictionary by A.I. Smirnitsky

www.multilingual.ch – website of T. Harvey Ciampi

The largest virtual library in the world is the National Congress Digital Library.

Library XServer.ru - free online electronic library

& Concordance – a list of contexts where the sought unit is presented in its lexical environment and is characterized by a set of statistical data.

In the simplest case it is alphabetical list words in the text with the contexts in which they occurred.

Transcript

1 Romano-Germanic philology WORK PROGRAM DISCIPLINE SD.F.4.3 New information technologies of professional translation activities for the specialty Translation and Translation Studies course 4 semester 7 credit practical classes 18 hours independent studies 82 hours Total hours 100 Compiled by: Ph.D., Associate Professor Shishigina O.Yu. Kemerovo 2014

2 Working programm The discipline “New information technologies for professional translation activities” (SD cycle) is compiled in accordance with the State educational standard for higher professional education of the second generation in the specialty “Translation and Translation Studies”.

3 1. Explanatory note The relevance of the discipline “New information technologies of professional translation activities” is due to the computerization of text activities, incl. translation, and the expansion of technical capabilities for translation in recent decades. The goal of mastering the discipline “New information technologies for professional translation activities” is to form and develop students’ practical skills in using new information technologies and Internet resources in professional translation activities. The discipline “New information technologies of professional translation activities” is studied within the framework of the SD.F.4.3 cycle in the 7th semester of the 4th year. The total labor intensity of the discipline is 100 hours, of which 18 are classroom hours, 82 are independent work. When studying the discipline “New information technologies of professional translation activities”, the competencies developed by students as a result of mastering the discipline “Translation Theory” (SD.F.1) are used. Students must have computer skills, know and be able to use linguistic and information search techniques on the Internet. The knowledge and skills acquired by students as a result of mastering the discipline “New information technologies of professional translation activities” are necessary for studying the discipline “Translation of documentation of physical and legal entities"(OPD.V.3), "Practical translation course" (SD.F.2), as well as for translation practice in the 8th and 9th semesters. 2. Thematic plan Title and volume of hours content Classroom work Self Forms of sections, topics, General Practical oral work Laboratory control Lectures modules Full-time education 1 Origins of new information technologies in translation Survey on assignments 2 Linguistic foundations of information technologies in translation Survey on assignments

4 3 Area of practical implementation of information technologies 4 Machine translation systems 5 Automatic translation dictionaries 6 Translation memory 7 Modern Internet resources in the work of a translator 8 Ergonomics of a translator's work Survey on tasks Post-editing of machine translation. Error analysis Search for translation equivalents in electronic dictionaries Comparative characteristics TMtools Review of translation resources on the Internet, control translation Assessment and planning of the workplace Forms of control A form of intermediate control is post-editing of machine translation and analysis of errors made by the machine translator. The form of final control is a test, which includes a test translation of the text using all possible information technologies and electronic resources of the translator, studied during the development of the discipline. 3. Contents of the discipline Topic 1. Origins of new information technologies in translation The main components of modern information technologies in the translation business: 1) information and reference base (electronic dictionaries, reference books, encyclopedias, normative and terminological

5 sources); 2) means of accumulating, archiving, searching and restoring fragmented translations (translation memory systems); 3) means of preparing, formatting and converting text data; 4) means of localizing translation texts, etc. First experiments in machine translation. Georgetown experiment. Experiments automatic translation in USSR. Classification of machine translation systems by Larry Childs: FAMT (fully automated machine translation), HAMT (human-assisted machine translation), MAHT (machine-assisted human translation). Social, linguistic and technical factors of human-computer interaction. The appearance of the first automatic translation dictionaries. A New Concept of Example-Based Translation (Makoto Nagao). The emergence of Translation Memory class systems. Topic 2. Linguistic foundations of information technologies in translation Translation as an analytical-synthetic process (analysis-transfer-synthesis). Basic theoretical models of translation (O. Kade, A.F. Shiryaev, etc.). Assessing translation taking into account the factors that determine success in communication. The role of the pragmatic component in the classification of types of translation (experience of the Translation Bureau of the European Community Commission). Topic 3. Area of practical implementation of information technologies Linguistic ingredient of industrial products. The influence of growth in volumes and changes in the nature of industrial production on the rethinking of organizational processes in the translation business and the automation of translator’s work. The problem of achieving functional equivalence of translation. The problem of adapting the translation text in another language environment and culture. Localization of translation. Topic 4. Machine translation systems Machine translation systems and the Internet. Machine translation system as a linguistic processor: direct type systems, transfer systems and semantic type systems. Typology of errors when operating machine translation systems. Equivalent, variant, transformational correspondences at the lexical, morphological, syntactic and text levels. Brief description of machine translation systems PROMT and SYSTRAN. The problem of determining the feasibility of using machine translation. The main advantages and disadvantages of machine translation. Topic 5. Automatic translation dictionaries

6 Lexical composition and volume of traditional and automatic translation dictionaries. Determination of the reliability index (quality code, weighting coefficient). The basic unit of traditional and automatic translation dictionaries. Dynamism as the main feature of automatic dictionaries. Advantages of using automatic translation dictionaries. Comparative characteristics of multilingual electronic dictionaries ABBYY Lingvo, Multitran, Multilex. Analysis of their advantages and disadvantages. Topic 6. Translation memory. Principles of operation of TM tools. Characteristics of the Translator s Workbench program ( possible settings and situations for translation). Terminology support function using the example of the Multiterm program. Winalign service program. TagEditor program. Advantages and disadvantages of using TM tools (for example, TRADOS, Deja Vu, Wordfast). Difficulties when working with TM tools. Topic 7. Modern Internet resources in the work of a translator. Characteristics of the functions and capabilities of translation Internet sites, portals, forums, databases, etc. (and etc.). The use of language corpora in the work of a translator (using the example of the Corpus of Contemporary American English, British National Corpus, National Corpus of the Russian Language). Topic 8. Ergonomics of translator's work The problem of standardization of translation work. The concept of workplace ergonomics. Organization of the translator's workplace. Basic hardware requirements for a translator's workplace. Ergonomic equation: neutral posture + free movement + time to recuperate; comfortable work on the computer that does not cause harm to health. Compliance with work and rest, nutrition and hygiene.

7 4. Educational and methodological support for the discipline 4.1 List of basic educational literature 1. Gavrilov M.V. Informatics and information technologies. - M.: Yurayt, p. 2. Zubov A.V. Information Technology in linguistics.- M.: Academia, p. 3. Semenov A.L. Modern information technologies and translation. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", p. 4.2 List of additional educational literature 1. Akopyan A.V. Professional translation programs. - M., Pushnov I.A., Semenov A.L., Ubin I.I. Translation: problems and solutions. - M.: All-Russian Center for Scientific and Technical Translations. lit. and documentation, p. 3. Solovyova A.V. Professional translation using a computer. - St. Petersburg: Peter, p. 4.3 Internet resources Encyclopedia Encyclopaedia.com (Encyclopaedia Britannica (The Probert Encyclopaedia (Dictionaries Multilingual dictionaries (OneLook Meta-Dictionary (Roget's Thesaurus) (The American Heritage Dictionary (The Wordsmyth Thesaurus () Linguistic resources ((((((( Bible Translation Resources (

8 Biographies (E-books (English (UK) political speeches (English (US) government press briefings (European legal documents in 11 languages) (Online translators Babelfish translator (Freetranslation translator (Systran translator (Wordfast translation memory) (Wordlingo translator (Forums and portals) Aquarius (ATANET conference on translation and interpreting (City of Translators (Thinking out loud) (Proz.com - Translators Forum (Ergonomics (5. Forms of current, intermediate and midterm control 5.1. Questions and tasks for individual and independent work Topic 1. Origins of new information technologies in translation 1. Describe three stages in the history of the development of machine translation. 2. List information technologies that are significant for the translation business. 3. What new have automatic translation dictionaries brought to the ideology of automation of translation activities? Topic 2. Linguistic foundations of information technologies in translation 1. By what parameters is translation classified as an analytical-synthetic process? 2. What are the communicative features of translation as an analytical-synthetic process? 3. Describe the main theoretical models of translation. Topic 3. Area of practical implementation of information technologies 1. Define the linguistic ingredient of commercial products.

9 2. What determines the need for localization and what is its purpose? 3. What are the reasons for the stereotyping of modern text information? Topic 4. Machine translation systems 1. Describe the three main types of machine translation systems. 2. Name the main types of machine translation errors. 3. Translate a short text (1200 characters) using any online machine translation system (for example, google translator), edit the resulting translation and explain any mistakes. Topic 5. Automatic translation dictionaries 1. Name the main problems in the formation of a modern dictionary. 2. Name the advantages of electronic dictionaries compared to traditional ones. 3. What are the most significant means of increasing the flexibility of an automatic dictionary? Topic 6. Translation memory 1. Describe the principles of operation of TM tools. 2. Describe four translation situations using the TM Tool. 3. Visit the websites of the main manufacturers of TM tools and give a comparative assessment of their capabilities. Topic 7. Modern Internet resources in the work of a translator 1. Register on the main translation sites (forums, portals) and evaluate their functions and capabilities. 2. What is a language corpus and what are the principles of its creation and operation? 3. Show the possibilities of using a language corpus in translation activities using the example of specific corpora available online. Topic 8. Ergonomics of a translator’s work 1. Design a translator’s workplace taking into account sanitary standards and rules. 2. Critically evaluate your workspace and determine whether it matches the results obtained in the first task. 3. Describe the main parameters of the ergonomic equation and their impact on the productivity and health of the translator.

10 5.2. Approximate list of questions for the test 1. The origins of new information technologies in translation. 2. Translation as an analytical-synthetic process. 3. Area of practical implementation of information technologies. 4. Localization of translation. 5. Machine translation systems and the Internet. 6. Machine translation system as a linguistic processor: direct type systems, transfer systems and semantic type systems. 7. Typology of errors when operating machine translation systems. 8. Brief characteristics of machine translation systems PROMT and SYSTRAN. 9. Automatic translation dictionaries: lexical composition and volume. 10. Advantages of using automatic translation dictionaries. 11. Characteristics of multilingual electronic dictionaries ABBYY Lingvo, Multitran, Multilex (their advantages and disadvantages). 12. Origins of TM tools. 13. Operating principles of TM tools. 14. Characteristics of the Translator s Workbench program (possible settings and situations for translation). 15. Terminology support function using the example of the Multiterm program. 16. Winalign service program. 17. Advantages and disadvantages of using TM tools (using the example of TRADOS, Deja Vu, Wordfast). 18. Difficulties when working with TM tools. 19. Modern Internet resources in the work of a translator. 20. Ergonomics of translator's work. Organization of the translator's workplace.

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Introduction

The work of a translator has always been working with textual information. Nowadays, all areas of human activity are inextricably linked with information technology, so it is difficult to imagine the translation process without the translator’s main tool – the computer. Screen culture replaced the culture of printed text, the functions and essence of translation changed, the information itself began to be generated, transmitted and perceived directly through a computer.

Proficiency in modern computer programs aimed at optimizing the activities of a translator, the willingness and ability to master these software products in order to increase attractiveness for the employer and reduce the costs of the “production process” of written translation are the main requirements imposed by the market today. If a translator is confident in modern computer technologies, then the ability to effectively use previously completed orders helps both him and the employer, who can count on noticeable savings in time and money when translating repeated or similar text fragments.

Modern computer technologies help in solving the following translation problems:

– communication with the customer and obtaining the source text;

– perception of electronic foreign language text;

– information and reference search on the subject of a foreign language text;

– translation analysis of foreign language scientific and technical text;

– creation of annotated lists information resources;

– selection of translation correspondences and equivalents;

– creation of translation text;

– creating translator’s notes;

– creation of an electronic information and reference database for translators,

– editing, proofreading and layout of the completed translation of a foreign language text in accordance with the customer’s requirements;

– assessment of the quality of the translation of a foreign language scientific and technical text;

– delivery of the completed translation of a foreign language scientific and technical text to the customer.

In this regard, the purpose of our manual is to assist in acquiring fundamental knowledge, skills, and abilities in the field of computer translation from a foreign language into Russian and from Russian into a foreign language.

The book consists of 10 sections containing information about electronic translator tools: knowledge of the principles of operation, advantages and disadvantages of electronic dictionaries, automatic and automated translation systems contributes to the development of information technology competence of the translator, which is important for navigation in open and closed (proprietary) software and file formats; basic principles of computer text design. When writing the manual, books and articles by A. Solovyova, A.B. provided great assistance. Kutuzova, A.L. Semyonova, G.V. Kuryachy and K.A Maslinsky, K.T. Volchenkova, M. Ivanov and many others (see List of sources used).

1Computer technology concept

At the present stage of development of society, all spheres of human activity are inextricably linked with information technology (English: Information Technology, IT). According to the definition adopted by UNESCO, information Technology– is a complex of interrelated scientific, technological, engineering disciplines that study methods for effectively organizing the work of people involved in processing and storing information; computer technology and methods of organizing and interacting with people and production equipment, their practical applications, as well as social, economic and cultural problems associated with all this.

The modern economic dictionary defines information technologies as processes of accumulation, storage, transmission, processing, and control of information based on the use of computer technology, communications and the latest technologies for converting information.

Among specialists, information technology is understood as a wide class of disciplines and areas of activity related to technologies for managing and processing data, including the use of computer technology.

However, recently, information technology is most often understood as computer technology. Specifically, information technology deals with the use of computers and software to store, transform, protect, process, transmit, and receive information. If we are talking about information technology in this simplified sense, it is also necessary to separately mention communication technologies, since often the computer is not connected to the local and global networks. One way or another, regardless of the method or fact of connecting the computer to the LAN (local computer network), the modern spread of computers has forever changed society, making it qualitatively different, informational. Let us explain terms such as “information society” and “informatization of society.”

Information society is a society in which socio-economic development depends primarily on the production, processing, storage, and dissemination of information among members of society.

By European standards, a society can be called informational if more than 50% of the population is employed in the field of information services. Accordingly, Russia is only taking the first steps in this direction.

The information society differs from previous ones in that the main factor in it is not material, but ideal factors - knowledge and information.

The term “information society” owes its name to the professor of the Tokyo Institute of Technology Yujiro Hayashi, whose term was used in the works of Fritz Machlup (1962) and T. Umesao (1963) that appeared almost simultaneously in Japan and the USA. In 1969, the reports “Japanese Information Society: Themes and Approaches” and “Policy Contours for Promoting the Informatization of Japanese Society” were presented to the Japanese government, and in 1971, the “Plan for the Information Society”.

Informatization of society is not so much a technological as a social and even cultural process associated with significant changes in the lifestyle of the population. Such processes require serious efforts not only by the authorities, but also by the entire community of users of information and communication technologies in many areas, including the elimination of computer illiteracy, the formation of a culture of using new information technologies, etc.

The term “informatization” itself is widely used only in Russia and China. This was due, firstly, to the insufficient development of a glossary on the topics “information technology” and “information society” in the 80-90s of the twentieth century, and secondly, to some specific features of the development of information and communication technologies in these countries. They were characterized by a high level of development of applied and specialized hardware and software systems and an extremely weak telecommunications infrastructure, which became a brake on the harmonious development of the information society.

The goal of informatization is the transformation of the driving forces of society, which should be refocused on the production of services, the formation of the production of an informational, rather than a material product. In the course of informatization, the problems of changing approaches to production are being solved, the way of life and the value system are being modernized. Takes on special value free time, intelligence and knowledge are reproduced and consumed, which leads to an increase in the share of mental labor. Citizens of the information society are required to be creative, and the demand for knowledge is increasing. The material and technological base of society is changing, various kinds of managers and analytical ones are beginning to play a key role. Information Systems created on the basis of computer technology and computer networks, information technology, telecommunications. As we have already noted above, the process of development of the information society begins with its computerization.

Computerization is the process of introducing computers that provide automation of information processes and technologies in various spheres of human activity. The goal of computerization is to improve the quality of life of people by increasing productivity and facilitating their working conditions. Along with computerization, there is a more private concept of home computerization. Home computerization is the process of equipping households with computer devices. In Russia, home computerization is an element of the state informatization policy, aimed at meeting the needs of the population for information and knowledge directly at home.

You can satisfy your needs using special search engines.

Information retrieval system is a system that performs the following functions:

– storing large amounts of information;

– quickly find the required information;

– adding, deleting and changing stored information;

– displaying information in a form convenient for humans.

There are:

– automated (eng. computerised);

– bibliographic (English reference);

– interactive (English online);

– documentary and factual information retrieval systems.

In the information society, information groups merge into one community using the network, i.e. society is becoming networked.

Network society is a society in which a significant part of information interactions is carried out using information networks. Moreover, the composition of this society is constantly updated with new users.

The main factor increasing the number of users is, of course, the information need of the population of the entire planet.

Information need is a need that arises when the goal facing the user in the process of his professional activities or in his social and everyday practice cannot be achieved without the involvement of additional information, which in this context is The World Wide Web(English) World Wide Web, WWW, Web) is the main service on the Internet that allows you to access information on any servers connected to the network. The World Wide Web is organized on the principles of hypermedia - a technology for presenting information in the form of relatively small blocks associated with each other. Of course, the World Wide Web allows you to access any information on any servers connected to the network.

2Information and technological competence as a component of a translator’s professional competence

In modern society, to ensure the competitiveness of Russian translators, the latter must have skills and tools that are standard abroad. Thus, the implementation of the process of interlingual and intercultural communication requires the specialist to use certain knowledge and skills in the field of information and communication technologies, the main of which today are:

- electronic document management;

– work with application packages;

– obtaining operational information;

– communication with remote partners;

– making competent decisions;

– data entry and systematization.

Therefore, according to V.V. Ilchenko and E.V. Karpenko, for professional training, a future translator simply needs to study information resources and technologies, software and network tools suitable for carrying out translation activities using a computer, in order to develop the information technology competence of a translator.

Taking into account the new conditions of the translator’s activity, A.A. Rybakova says that the professional competence of a translator (see Figure 1) is an integral set of bilingual, cultural-cognitive, professional-subject, translation and information technology competencies, which is a complex set of knowledge, skills, psychological properties and qualities personality (abilities) potentially necessary for the implementation of professional translation activities, manifested in it in the form of one or another degree of their actualization (professional competence).

Figure 1 – Information technology competence

Consequently, the information and technological competence of a translator is an integral part of his professional competence and is characterized by the following provisions, which were outlined in his study by V.V. Ilchenko and E.V. Karpenko:

– goal-setting in the process of solving a professional problem using the latest information technologies, clear and precise setting and formulation of the purpose of this activity, planning a strategy for information technology activities;

– a value-based attitude to information and information technologies, their choice in accordance with the purpose of activity, to the results of information technology activities achieved personally and in society; persistent interest in information technology activities;

– active use of information technologies in professional activities;

– a value-based attitude towards oneself as a specialist with a worldview corresponding to the level of development of society, modern knowledge and skills in the field of information technology; understanding the results of their activities, the desire for self-improvement and self-development.

3 Electronic translator workstation

Over the past 10-15 years, the nature of the work of a translator and the requirements for him have changed significantly. First of all, the changes affected the written translation of scientific, technical, official and business documentation. Today, as a rule, it is no longer enough to simply translate text using a computer as a typewriter. The client expects from the translator that the design of the finished document will correspond to the appearance of the original as closely as possible, and at the same time satisfy the standards accepted in the given country.

The translation industry of the 21st century places new demands on translators, as translation volumes have become larger, deadlines have become stricter, and it is increasingly necessary to work in international teams. A translator has to be a project manager, a computer specialist, a document specialist, a specialist in publishing, and a linguist-researcher.

Written translation technical information has always been in demand. But according to statistics, a translator without the use of computer technology can translate no more than 2,000 words per day, which entails a high translation cost. Automation significantly increases the translator’s productivity, allowing the price of the final product to be reduced.

Most electronic means are technology for speeding up and creating alternative versions of the translation text (Internet capabilities); others allow you to authoritatively select among alternative options (translation drives and all kinds of dictionaries). Translators create and select among alternative options, and various new technologies do not cancel these tasks, they only expand the range of possibilities, allowing them to deal with a larger fragment of reality in less time. The abundance of information in our time makes it easy to create alternative versions of the translation text, which involves focusing more attention on the choice of a possible version of the translation text.

It must be remembered that the main task of a translator is to ensure communication between people, and only then work with electronic means. Looking at the core element of competence should help to keep the goals in mind and to find the element's proper place in the translator's system of competencies and use of information.”

Information technology competence implies not just a transition to other tools, but a change in the very approach to translation activity as a translation process. Metaphorically, this can be expressed using the evolution of human movement across the terrain. The analogy is simple: first, a person masters horse riding to increase speed; this significantly speeds up the speed of movement, but does not allow transporting large loads; we associate this stage with the process of translation activity before the introduction of the concept of information technology competence, i.e. The presence of dictionaries can significantly simplify and speed up the translation process. The use by a translator of various types of electronic dictionaries, text editors with checking spelling and lexical errors is similar to the use by a person of transport with a draft principle, i.e. carts, carriages drawn by horses or similar animals. Undoubtedly, such a transition greatly facilitates the translation/movement process itself, but we can talk about a completely high-quality transition only when using cars or trucks or, speaking about translation activities, the use of electronic dictionary shells, their grouping, and the use of translation memory systems.

This comparison is apt because it implies the creation and maintenance of a certain infrastructure: in the case of the analogy, this is the maintenance of a network of highways and gas stations, and in the case of the object of our study, it implies both extensive and intensive development of IT translation tools.

The information and technological competence of a translator can be realized in the information environment, which is the so-called “electronic translator’s workplace.” In this regard, it seems justified to us, first of all, to consider the issue of the so-called “electronic translator’s workplace” (“computer translator’s workplace”, “modern translator’s workplace”), which serves as the basis for the implementation of the information technology competence of the translator and the basis for its formation in university

As V. Grabovsky notes, over the centuries, the translator’s workplace has not essentially changed. His tools, both handwritten and typewritten, in their own way functional purpose all this time they actually remained the same. Neither labor intensity nor productivity changed fundamentally.

Before the information age, which is associated with the invention of the personal computer and the Internet, the means of translator work were mainly paper and pen. Of course, paper is understood in a broad sense as a means of manual cataloging, archiving and searching among translator's notes, bibliographic references and a database of terminological examples. Other traditional translator resources included printed dictionaries and reference books, as well as reference materials for subject areas that required reading.

The situation began to change by the mid-80s of the last century - computer technology was adopted. In 1984, the first attempt at commercial use of computer technology was announced in the United States (at Agnew Tech-Tran Inc.). In the early 90s, the computerization of translator work began in our country.

At first, as V. Grabovsky notes in his historical review, the computer was perceived as a kind of advanced typewriter, very convenient for editing texts. However, the computer soon gave a new dimension to the work of a translator, revealing its potential capabilities to an ever-increasing degree. It has become possible to use not only programs for writing and processing texts, but also electronic dictionaries, as well as all kinds of reference books. Work was underway to, relatively speaking, mechanize and automate the work of linguists.

The first category includes software products of TM (Translation Memory) technology, which are databases large capacity. These databases allow you to save fragments of original texts and the corresponding translation, not only individual words, but also entire phrases. The first programs of this kind were Translator's Workbench (Trados) and Transit (Star). They made it possible to compare phrases of the text being translated with phrases contained in databases and analyze the degree of their similarity as a percentage. They greatly facilitate working with texts, providing instant access to all previous developments. Bill Gates’ famous expression “Information at your fingertips” is very suitable here.

Attempts have been made to create programs capable of independently translating written texts. In this regard, we can mention the well-known domestic products in our country Stylus (Promt company) and Socrat (Arsenal company). The scope of these programs has been limited and in many cases their role is supportive.

Work was also underway to realize a translator’s long-standing dream – the creation of a fully automated workplace. The most interesting in this regard is the Interlingua technology, developed in the early 90s at Carnegie Mellon University (Pittsburgh), based on the theory of machine intelligence. The essence of this technology is that, based on specially developed algorithms, the program analyzes the meaning of the original text and translates it into the intermediate artificial language Interlingua. After this, the computer can automatically translate the source text into any language provided by the program and having the appropriate algorithms. One can imagine how convenient this would be for equipment manufacturers who produce operating instructions and other technical materials in several languages at once. This technology also provided the potential for oral translation - with the help of additional human speech recognition programs and speech synthesizer devices.

Unfortunately, these developments have not yet led to the creation of a product ready for commercial use, primarily due to insufficient computing power and other technical problems. However, work in this direction continues.

In the 1990s, translators had access to communication tools such as fax and e-mail. Nowadays it’s simply impossible to do without email. A significant step forward has been the widespread use of scanners, which make it possible to work with graphics and illustrations, as well as recognize text data and convert them into electronic format. It's hard to overstate the value of text file creation products like FineReader and CuneiForm for translators. Translating text files is much more convenient than paper versions. Programs are appearing that provide additional convenience and service in work. In this regard, we can mention Libretto (analysis and annotation of texts), Pathfinder (search for text data on local and network drives), Punto Switcher etc. The latter seems especially convenient, designed for switching the keyboard language.

Punto Switcher

The program recognizes the language in which the text is written and automatically switches to it. This is especially important if you are typing without looking at the screen. If you absent-mindedly type tcc in the address bar of your browser, Punto Switcher will automatically convert it to www.

With this free program you can:

1) switch the layout automatically (it recognizes the typed text) and using a hot key;

2) change standard system key combinations to change the layout;

3) correct the layout and case in the selected text and in the text from the clipboard;

4) use the autocorrect function when typing frequently used words.

In addition, the program provides sound signals for working with the keyboard.

Returning to the historical overview of the electronic translator's workplace, let us also mention the rapid progress in the field of electronic information media. 5" floppy disks are a thing of the past. In addition to 3" floppy disks, MO disks and all kinds of cartridges have appeared and are increasingly used CD-ROM disks, including rewritable ones. Recording equipment has long ceased to be exotic.

It should be noted that for recent years ten, as the software and hardware tools used by linguists developed, the final product of their work also changed. It became possible not only to prepare translated and edited text data, but also to create original layouts for subsequent replication. The most common programs in our country for computer layout and creating original layouts are PageMaker and QuarkXpress, which replaced Ventura Publisher, which was popular in the first half of the 90s. Less well known are FrameMaker and Interleaf.

The original layouts included not only text, but also other components necessary for a printed publication - illustrations, graphics, indexes, etc.

This radically changed the nature of interaction between the translator and the consumer of his products. If previously the customer received only a semi-finished product - i.e. text data, and he himself had to bring this semi-finished product to the stage of a finished product, now he receives a product ready for further use.

Further, with the progress of multimedia technologies, it became possible not to be limited to the release of information on paper, but in cooperation with recording studios to prepare CDs and video cassettes with educational materials, presentations, etc.

It is worth mentioning the ever-increasing role of the Internet translator in the work. The number of various reference resources in any field of knowledge is constantly growing. Their importance is difficult to overestimate. It is impossible not to mention the problems for a translator that arise in connection with working with e-mail and on the Internet. The main problem is viruses. Anti-virus programs, primarily Norton Anti-Virus and Kaspersky Anti-Virus, become an inevitable tool in his workplace.

Having made a short excursion into history, we traced how the translator’s workplace and its equipment have changed over the past ten years. Let’s move on to a specific consideration of the content of the term “computer translator’s workstation.”

The concept is practically not found in the domestic literature, and there is no established term to designate the composition of hardware and software, as well as electronic resources, as a single complex for supporting translation activities. In English-language literature, names such as Translator's Workstation have long been used to designate a translator's workplace (" work station translator", "automated translator's workstation") or Translator's Workbench ("translator's workstation").

What is included in the “computer translator’s workstation”?

First of all, this is the computer hardware ( system unit, monitor, printer, scanner, MFP, etc.). Since the so-called “hardware” part of the translator’s workplace is more likely the object of a diploma project for some technical specialty, we will not dwell on it in detail, noting only on the basis of our own experience that today most IT tools depend little on the computer hardware and choice of both hardware platform and technical characteristics the use of a computer may be dictated by subjective preferences; it has virtually no effect on the performance of a single hardware and software complex.

The translator's electronic workstation also includes relevant software ( software), which, together with the hardware, provide him with various capabilities and allow the translator to perform various types of operations necessary for him to perform tasks in the course of his professional activities. In addition, it is necessary to have certain resources: dictionaries, reference books, corpora of (parallel) texts. In our opinion, it is the choice and degree of mastery of the software part of the translator’s workplace that influences the effectiveness of translation activities.

Foreign experts note that it is necessary to separate the concepts of “electronic means” and “electronic resources”, despite their proximity and interdependence in the work of a translator in modern conditions. Essentially, “tools” are those tools or equipment (e.g., computer, software) that they need to perform a particular daily task (e.g., concordance program, spell checker). Resources are no less important (for example, the text corpora we have already mentioned, dictionaries, glossaries, reference materials).

Translator

Penza State Pedagogical University
named after, Penza, Russia

The article defines the stages of translation as a process and reveals the possibilities of using information technologies at various stages of translation activity.

Bakanova M. V., Soldatova A. V. The role of information technologies in the professional activity of interpreter. The stages of translation as a process are determined, and the possibilities of information technologies on each stage revealed.

Currently, it is impossible to imagine the activity of a translator without the use of information technology. Already at the stage of job search, the translator turns to various sites, email addresses possible customers, sending out your resume, etc. Receiving a text for subsequent translation, communicating with the customer and all further activities of the translator are also mediated by information technology. All this makes it necessary to teach students how to use a computer in their future professional activities. However, as teaching experience shows, simply introducing students to existing information technologies does not seem to be effective. At each stage of this complex professional activity, the use of information technology has its own specifics.

The first stage in a translator’s activity is the stage of receiving a foreign language text and preparing for its translation. As a basis for dividing into stages, a developed model of teaching translation in the field of professional communication is proposed, which includes professionally oriented, analytical, synthesizing and corrective stages. At the professionally oriented stage, the important question is in what form the translation text should be presented (computer version of the text, printing it, sending it by email, etc.), whether graphs, diagrams, etc. should be presented in the translation text. d.

The next task of this stage, which also precedes the actual translation process, is familiarization with the subject of the statement, clarification of the subject matter of the text and selection of appropriate dictionaries and reference literature. If the text to be translated is provided to the translator in printed form, modern computer capabilities allow you to scan it and use an optical text recognition system to convert it into electronic form. Only after this does the translator begin the next stage of his activity - understanding and interpreting a foreign language text in his specialty.

This stage in the translator’s activity is extremely important, has pronounced specifics and differs significantly from the usual understanding of the text. A prerequisite for understanding is subject, linguistic, sociocultural knowledge, i.e., the professional competence of the translator. To understand and interpret a scientific and technical text, the translator analyzes the incoming statement. It seems important for him to understand all the information contained in the text, to understand the deep meaning, which requires maximum activation of all mechanisms that ensure understanding of the statement. The translator must have a higher level of understanding and be able to evaluate the incoming message from the perspective of the recipient’s linguistic, subject and background knowledge. At this level, the translator analyzes the statement and develops a translation strategy, taking into account all known factors of the professional situation and the specifics of the scientific and technical text being translated, that is, understanding and adequate interpretation of a scientific and technical text in a foreign language are the basis for its subsequent translation into the native language.

Science and technology are developing at a rapid pace, and new concepts may be used in published texts. In this case, as translators and researchers note, significant assistance is provided by searching for the necessary information in various scientific publications, encyclopedias, etc. Such information and reference search makes it possible to get acquainted with the concepts used in the translated text, identify key concepts, and determine the terminology used. You should begin training in information and reference search with texts related to well-known areas of science and technology, on the topic of which there is a lot of reference literature with established terminology, gradually moving on to texts related to new, little-developed areas of knowledge, with an unsettled conceptual apparatus. Therefore, at the first stage, the search for information is carried out in reference books and encyclopedias, then in specialized scientific and technical journals, in the latest information publications on the Internet, and consultations with specialists, etc. Subsequently, the information received helps the translator find equivalents to the relevant terms that are entered by the translator into his own terminological file cabinet.

Nowadays, the narrow specialization of translated texts is becoming increasingly apparent, so professional translators often turn to specialists from the company/enterprise that is ordering the translation to obtain the necessary advice from them. Of course, in his work, the translator will use bilingual dictionaries, but to understand and interpret a scientific and technical text, one should rely primarily on logic and context, and only then on a dictionary.

The use of a computer and the ability to request the necessary information via the Internet can significantly expand the information and reference search in the activities of a translator of scientific and technical texts. As surveys of translators have shown, at this stage of their activity a translator can:

1. Participate in professional chats with native speakers.

2. Use electronic dictionaries and on-line automated translation systems.

3. Search for publications on the topic of translation.

4. Visit translator forums, i.e. use the Internet for professional communication.

5. Browse last news on the topic of translation to clarify the context and terminology.

The information received can be entered into an electronic dictionary, which is maintained by the translator throughout his professional activity.

The next stage in the translator’s activity is the synthesizing stage, i.e. the actual translation of the understood text. When generating a text, the starting point is the concept, which predetermines the semantic structure of the text, and through it the logical structure. The logical structure and communicative purposefulness of the understood text dictates the choice of the repertoire of linguistic means that is actually used in generating the text. If at the stage of understanding the translator must understand as deeply, fully and accurately as possible the semantic side of the statement, the intention of the author of the text, then at the stage of generating the translation text, the translator’s activity is associated with identifying various kinds of correspondences between two languages, two cultures, and the knowledge of the sender and recipient of the text. When generating a text, the translator must model its understanding by the future recipient, and also take into account the discursive and genre parameters of constructing the text in Russian. During written translation, at the stage of creating an understandable text in Russian, a computer came to the aid of the translator, which makes it possible to:

1. Find synonyms of words.

2. Use electronic dictionaries.

3. Use an electronic translator when translating certain standardized genres, such as a patent or instructions.

4. Create a system of translator’s notes for the most controversial passages or those requiring clarification of the context.

The final stage in a translator’s activity is checking and submitting the completed translation. Currently, all translated texts must be presented in an electronic version. The wide possibilities of computer technology greatly facilitate the editing and design of the translation text. Thus, using a computer on at this stage Maybe:

2. Apply formatting templates (in accordance with those generally accepted in the country);

3. Get statistics on the translated and translated text (number of characters, words, paragraphs, etc.);

4. Use graphic elements (graphs, diagrams, tables, pictures, etc.).

Thus, training students to be translators using information technologies should be carried out in stages, taking into account the specifics of the tasks facing the translator at each stage. The result of this process will be the formation of translation competence, i.e. the ability to extract information from a text in one language and transmit it by creating a text (oral or written) in another language and use a foreign language in professional activities and for further self-education.

Bibliography

1. Alferova training in translation of scientific and technical texts using information technologies: abstract of thesis. ... candidate of pedagogical sciences: 13.00.02. Ross. Peoples' Friendship University. M.: 26s.

2. " Possible ways the use of information technologies in the preparation of translators in the field of professional communication" // Bulletin of RUDN University, series "Education Issues: Languages and Specialties". Moscow, RUDN. - 2008

3. Ryabova technologies in education: problems of machine translation. ict. edu. ru›vconf/files/3518.doc

4. Bakanova technologies in teaching professional translation: Theory and practice of developing the professional orientation of programmers in teaching a foreign language. Monograph. LAP LambertAcademic Publishing Gmb&Co. Kg. 174 p.

This work is devoted to the study of the use of information technologies in translation activities.

At the present stage of translation activity, the problem of using innovative technologies is of particular importance. These mostly include information and communication technologies.

Over the past ten to fifteen years, the nature of the work of a translator and the requirements for him have changed significantly. First of all, the changes affected the written translation of scientific, technical, official and business documentation. Today, as a rule, it is no longer enough to simply translate text using a computer as a typewriter. The client expects from the translator that the design of the finished document will correspond to the appearance of the original as closely as possible, and at the same time satisfy the standards accepted in the given country. The translator is also required to be able to effectively use previously completed orders on the same topic, and the employer, in turn, expects significant savings in time and money when translating repeated or similar text fragments. These conditions can be met only if the translator not only has a perfect command of his native and foreign languages and has deeply studied the chosen subject area, but also confidently navigates modern computer technologies.

Thus, IT has given rise to a new culture of information transfer to in electronic format with a simultaneous significant increase in its volumes. Under the influence of this, as well as with the expansion of international cooperation, the number of informative (non-fiction) translations in the fields of science, technology, economics, law, etc. has increased significantly. The very nature of the translation process has also changed, and there is a need to increase the efficiency of translation through the use of modern computer technologies. From the above we can conclude that this topic is undeniably relevant.

The purpose of the study is to study the possibilities of optimizing the translation process using ICT.

Achieving this goal involves solving the following specific tasks:

1. Develop a universal model of the translation work cycle using IT, describing the sequence of actions necessary for the qualified execution and subsequent support of a written translation order.

2. Analyze the features of using IT in “translation activities”;

3. Conduct an analysis of the effectiveness of using IT in translation activities and determine whether computer translation can replace traditional translation;

4. Based on the results obtained, give a prognostic assessment of the prospects for the development of IT in translation activities.

The object of the study is the stages of PD, in particular the translation and editing stage itself.

The subject of the study is the effectiveness of using IT in PD, in particular machine translation for translation.

The scientific novelty of the study lies in the attempt to establish the significance of the use of IT in modern translation activities, to determine the degree of influence of IT on the quality of translation, and to develop a universal model of the cycle of work on translation using IT.

The practical value lies in the optimization of the translation process using ICT and in the results of the effectiveness of one or another software in PD, which can be used when writing a master’s thesis and in subsequent translation activities.

The validity and reliability of the results obtained are ensured by their consistency with the fundamental principles of didactics and methods of translation activity; logical structure of the study; choosing research methods that are adequate to the purpose and objectives of the work; practical testing; implementation of research results into translation practice.

Information technologies in translation activities. Information technology in translation

Transcript

Introduction

1Computer technology concept

2Information and technological competence as a component of a translator’s professional competence

3 Electronic translator workstation

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