Where to find the menu button on Android 7. Data saving mode will not allow you to exceed the maximum mobile data limit

Starting with the sixth version, the developers changed the Android numbering principle; now the first digit changes once a year and there are no fundamental differences between major versions. The first Android N firmware for developers was released in the spring of 2016, and later Android 7.0 Nougat was officially introduced in August. It's funny, but the company's two main smartphones, which replaced the Nexus, Pixel and Pixel XL, ran on the more recent Android 7.1 out of the box. There is not much new in the seventh version of Google's operating system, although even the few changes that exist seriously change the user experience and usability.

Menu overflow belongs to toolbars. The floating action button does not overflow the menu. Floating action buttons are not menu-crowded. If distinctive feature application is to add file types, the floating action button can transform into related actions after the first touch. However, if the actions that appear are not associated with the button, put the actions in the overflow menu.

A floating action button can be converted into related actions. My magazine calls itself a number and it really isn't. Either press the multitasking button longer or drag two fingers on the display and then remove the hook from My Journal at the bottom right under Options home page" Usually the smartphone "always" waits briefly to see if there is still a second stamp on the home button and only responds after this wait.

In the menu item in the top right corner this can be easily changed, the tab presentation more or less follows the known optics.

Attention: The review mainly covers the features user interface of the OS version for the smartphone. The review is written based on the firmware with Android 7.1.1 installed on.

Lock screen

The device can be woken up by pressing the Power button, double-tapping on the screen, or simply picking it up; the latter two methods require hardware support. Unlocking the smartphone is done by moving your finger from bottom to top in any part of the screen, which is easy to do on the go and without looking. You can protect yourself from unauthorized access to your device in several ways: set unlocking using a Pattern key; set a password or PIN code; or through the Smart Lock function, which allows you to unlock the device when connected to the watch, Bluetooth headset in the car, using an NFC tag or recognizing the owner’s face or voice. Since the previous version, Android has native support fingerprint scanner. If fingerprint unlocking is enabled, then the device does not even need to be woken up first; just bring the registered finger to the scanner and the system will bypass the lock screen and show the desktop. You can also unlock the device by changing the account to a guest one, if one is created in the system (a guest account is available by default).

In fact, there is a menu button, but if you press the multitasking button longer, the menu function will activate as usual.

For example, if you hold down the button in Settings - One-Handed, you can shrink the screen almost from right to left and back again.

Not good, but useful for certain situations.

In this mode, the display changes to grayscale and functions are severely cut off, such as the Internet being active only when it is actually in use. In Settings - Toolbar you can activate a feature that permanently places a small dot on the display. If you click this, a panel will open with five predefined applications.

Tip #9: Use a side-mounted fingerprint scanner and reduce error rates

Faster than with a template, the smartphone can be unlocked relatively safely. The problem is that one hand doesn't work if you place your fingerprint as shown in the instructions. This led to at least, to significantly smaller errors. Part of this also helps to delete the saved fingerprint and save it again.

All of them cannot be removed, and updates are reinstalled applications where uninstallation is possible. This way you can leave apps disappearing, sometimes practical if the smartphone gets out of control more often than not.

The lock screen displays: a status bar - it contains the name of the operator, cellular network signal indicators, Wi-Fi and battery level (unfortunately, without the ability to display the charge as a percentage); User information; clock, day of the week and date. In the center of the screen, under the clock, a list of missed events is displayed, ranked by importance based on who they came from and from which application, notifications are grouped by application. If you have a password set on your smartphone, you will need to choose one of three options for displaying information on the locked screen: Show notifications in full, Hide personal information, or Don't show notifications.

Tip #11: Launch the camera using the volume button

In private mode, unfortunately, it is not possible to set a password to lock apps, so at least they are not directly displayed. Problem: The touch screen is not needed underwater. If you still want to take photos underwater, you can simply take photos using the volume button.

In this case, notifications and calls may be disabled for a certain period of time. In addition, exceptions may be made. If you are in the text input field, you can drag the notification bar, select Input Method - Customize Input Method - Swipe Keyboard. So then “pull” the words.

From the lock screen, you can launch Camera or Voice Search by swiping your finger from the corresponding icons to the side, or lower the notification shade by moving from the top border of the screen. Interaction with the list of notifications occurs as follows: double tapping on a notification will send the user to the corresponding application; swiping left or right will clear the notification; a slight shift to the left or right will show the notification settings button for that particular application; Sliding down from the notification reveals an event preview window, which may contain buttons for quick interaction with this event, for example: “Reply” - after clicking on this button, you can type a response on the keyboard and send without leaving the list. In the preview window, under the list, there is a button for deleting all notifications, only now it is represented not by an icon, but by the inscription “CLEAR ALL”.

Controls, keyboard

Faster, but practice. With Selective Focus, you can also take photos with two levels of sharpness. The test report will follow in the following days. While some users may have simply wanted a physical key back with a built-in fingerprint sensor, virtual panel buttons also gives an advantage over the old layout. It can be changed in color and tailored to suit your tastes, whether you prefer a deep blue, a strong orange or rather a subtle mint green.

You can also change the button layout

Here you can see a panel with some colors that you can select directly. Moreover, you can also tap the colorful color ball and then define a new color for your smartphone's navigation bar. If you leave the background color menu again, you can choose where to display the three so-called "softkeys" in the panel under the Button Layout section. Here it is displayed only transparently. . Press and hold the Home button until your last six apps appear.

Press the Home button to return to the Home screen. If you really want to end the application, you should use the back button and press it until the application is closed. For some apps, you can also click “Uninstall” and completely remove the app from your smartphone. Uninstallation only works for applications that you installed yourself. You cannot remove factory installed apps.

Desktop, multitasking and notifications

The main workspace of Android was and remains the desktop, which can have one or several pages, pages are scrolled horizontally. Saved in the system separate menu applications, which can be accessed from any desktop by sliding your finger from the bottom dock or clicking on the arrow above the bottom dock. The bottom dock can contain up to five application shortcuts or shortcut folders. The application menu contains a search bar, a favorites bar, and icons for all pre-installed and third-party applications, while the desktop contains only those shortcuts that the user himself has added.

If you always want to be updated latest events, you need to set the "Update Interval" to "30 minutes" in the Settings section. It's a battery drain, as are all apps that constantly, or at least frequently, pull data from the internet. However, you easily lose your overview. If you have the app view open, you can use the menu button to switch from the default grid view to the list view.

And this update comes with multi-window support and a new notification system. But after testing the developer version, we were able to find even more features that we didn't know about. Now you can save just as much energy even when you're moving.

One desktop can contain up to 25 application shortcuts in a 5*5 grid; in addition to shortcuts, the desktop can contain widgets and folders with shortcuts. A folder can contain an unlimited number of shortcuts, but only 16 are displayed at a time, and you cannot place other folders or widgets in the folder. The operating system now has the ability to change not only the font size, but also the scale GUI in general, with different scales The number of shortcuts and other elements that fit on one desktop page may vary.

Data saving mode will prevent you from exceeding your maximum mobile data limit

Twelve is activated if you don't touch your cell phone for a while, even if it's in your wallet, moving in your car, or in your pocket while running. Limiting your data usage is terrible, but unless you want to pay more out of pocket, you'll have to keep track of those apps that are gobbling up data like there's no tomorrow. Data saving mode can help you with this. When activated, this will cause any application running in background, will not be able to access your mobile data.

By placing a long touch of your finger on any shortcut, folder or widget, you can move it across desktops or delete it by dragging it to the “Remove” button. To add a shortcut to the desktop, you need to go to the applications menu and, using the same long touch, drag the application to the desktop. If you move an application to the “Delete” icon that appears at the top, the system will prompt the user to delete this application. Now, when you long-tap an application shortcut, a context menu appears if the application supports the corresponding API. The desktop settings management menu is called up by long touching any free area of ​​the screen. The menu contains three items: WALLPAPER – allows you to change the desktop picture; WIDGETS – needed to add widgets; and SETTINGS – a shortcut leading to desktop settings.

Long silence notification

Double-clicking the Recent Apps button will take you to the last app you used. If you need to quickly switch from another app you were just using, you can simply press this button to jump between all the apps you have open in the background. It's not as fast as just " double tap» once, but it's easier than manually searching through all the apps you had. However, this can be quite tedious. There you can turn off these notifications or block them completely.

Set app priority in notification bar

You can also go to the settings menu to adjust them more precisely. The system can assign a priority level to all your notifications from zero to five. Typically you shouldn't touch this, but if you have specific needs for your notifications, this is the place to customize them.

The file manager is now much more powerful

But now the new file manager will allow you to move and rename your files and folders, as well as create new folders and everything you could do before.

The multitasking menu is called up by pressing the corresponding button. The list of running applications scrolls vertically, and applications are displayed in the form of cards located one after another; some applications can be represented by several cards. The application can be closed by clicking on the corresponding button or by swiping to the side; in the current version of the OS, a dedicated memory clearing button has appeared, although it is not necessary. The multitasking user interface in Android looks very nice, the menu is called up with one touch, firstly, returning to the previous application, for example, when the user left the Facebook application by clicking on a link, is done with the Back button, and it is not necessary to call the multitasking menu; secondly, the multitasking menu is called up in one tap. You can return to the previous application by double-tapping the multitasking button.

Block system-wide phone numbers

That is, it does everything a decent file manager should do. It also allows you to open multiple manager windows so you can easily move from one folder to another. Once you block a number, you cannot send text messages or call you. And this setting is maintained even every time you format your mobile device or switch to another model.

New editor that allows you to customize your "quick settings"

But this new feature is responsible for blocking that phone number completely. You can set Do Not Disturb to automatically turn off when the alarm turns off. Just swipe down from the top of the screen and enter the Quick Settings menu, then tap the Edit button, and so on. remove the ones you don't need, add new ones and change them if you want.

Easy to customize interface size

The new "work mode" can deactivate all your work-related apps when your day is over. In the settings menu you will find new page called "Work Mode Settings" and you can disable all applications related to your work with one click.

One of the main innovations of Android 7 was native support for multi-windows, or, to be precise, two-windows. Long touching the multitasking button divides the screen into two equal parts (if desired, it can be divided in proportions of one to two), while the current application appears in the upper half and is fixed there, and in the lower half a list of running applications will be displayed from which you can select the one you need. bottom half of the screen.

You can add emergency contacts and medical information to your home screen

You can even do this from the Quick Settings menu. You can include your full name, address, date of birth, blood type, known allergies, medications you take, medical conditions if you are an organ donor, and more. This is a very important thing and it is appreciated that it is now included in the system.

To do this, you must go to the Settings app and go to the Users section, then go to the Emergency Information section and add the data there. You no longer have to wait for the system to "optimize apps" every time you update your mobile phone. This means that applications will be installed faster. Here are some of them we will skip. But under the hood, the system includes a large number of minor adjustments that will help make it more convenient and enjoyable to use your mobile phone day after day.

The principles of working with notifications were seriously redesigned back in Android 5: a list of interactive notifications appeared on the lock screen; the classic full-screen interface of an incoming call is displayed only if the device is locked; in all other cases, when there is an incoming call, a small card appears at the top with information about who is calling and two buttons: “REJECT” and “ANSWER”. The ability to change the volume separately for the alarm clock and multimedia has been added to the interface.

Some devices offer capacitive buttons in the screen frame, while others offer an on-screen navigation bar. Currently, some devices choose navigation bar inside the screen and thus without the menu button that can be found in other terminals. While those who have an on-screen navigation bar have to go up and press the menu button that is provided. The commentary was written by Adam Powell and reads:

Always show overflow buttons on the action bar. The menu button does not dry, it is transferred! He expired and went to meet his creator! Deprived of life, he rests in peace! If you didn't attach it to a flagship device, it would push the daisies!

Controls, keyboard

Controlling a smartphone in Android 7 implies the presence of a power button, volume buttons and three on-screen buttons: Back, Home and Multitasking Menu - it is acceptable for the on-screen buttons to be placed on the body in the form of touch or mechanical buttons; In addition, finger sliding and long touch gestures are actively used. Voice control is often used; the user can use the phrase “Ok Google” from any screen, including a locked one (hardware support required), to initiate voice control and then dictate a command or search query.

An important role in interaction with the device is played by the notification curtain combined with the switch panel. It is called by sliding from the top edge of the screen or double-tapping on the status line; if you slide again from top to bottom, but in any part of the screen, the switch panel will open; To immediately open the switch panel, you need to make a two-finger swipe gesture. The switch panel is now multi-page, by default it contains 10 switches and a slider for adjusting screen brightness, but now it can be customized: change the location of switches, add or remove them. When you click on some switches, quick settings open; when you long press the switch, the system will send the user to the corresponding Settings section. The place of the system keyboard in Pixel is taken by Gboard, but the ability to install keyboards from third-party developers has not gone away. The dialer remains the same.

Google Search and App

Traditionally, the system has deep integration with Google search, or to be more precise with a personalized assistant that provides information in the form of cards based on context: current location, information from the calendar, history of search queries, history of movements, history of pages visited, etc. The assistant is launched by scrolling to the left of the main desktop, and at the top of all desktops there is a search bar that cannot be removed. In addition, the search can be initiated from any screen by dictating a request after the phrase “Ok Google”.

Settings

To the application Settings you can get there: by clicking on the icon in the application menu (or on the desktop) or through the icon in the switch panel. The main screen of the application is divided into two tabs ALL and SUPPORT, in the latter you can find two links: Help Center / Leave feedback and Recommendations and useful tips. In some countries, in the support tab you can get help and ask a question to a live person in chat. All smartphone settings are collected into 4 groups: Wireless networks, Device, Personal data and System; and are divided into 22 sections. At the top there is a 5th group called Hints; interactive tips on setting up the system appear here. Another innovation is the presence of a Help/Feedback button in all sections/settings. All Settings screens except the main one have a side menu for quick transition to other sections.

Basic Applications

Telephone– on the main screen of the application the following are displayed: a search bar with buttons for voice search and calling up application settings, at the bottom, a button for calling the dialer. The Speed ​​Dial tab contains cards of frequently dialed contacts, the Recent tab contains a list of recent calls, and the Contacts tab contains all contacts. In the application settings, you can manage quick response templates and the list of blocked callers.

Contacts is an application for working with user contacts. In terms of functionality, it is not much different from the Contacts tab in the Phone application.

Messages– application for working with SMS by default. The main screen of the application contains a list of dialogs, search buttons, settings and creating a new message. The application looks as simple as possible and has primitive functionality. What’s unusual is how the application assigns each dialogue its own unique primary color.

Gmail– this is the default email application starting from the fifth Android versions. You can add mailboxes not only from Google, but also from other mail services. The main screen displays a list of letters and buttons for searching and creating a new message. Swipe from the left edge of the screen to call up side panel, which contains a list of folders and a settings shortcut.

Chrome- is system browser by default, its advantages include integration with Google services and ample opportunities for synchronizing tabs, forms, passwords, etc., the disadvantages are that it is not ideal user interface and excessive load on the processor and battery.

Watch– includes the following functions: alarm clock, world time, timer and stopwatch;

Camera. On the main screen there is a viewfinder and buttons: shutter release, switching to front camera, gallery, turn on the timer, activate the flash, switch the HDR+ mode, turn on the grid, select a white balance preset and Advanced. Switching between photo and video shooting modes is done by swiping to the side. In addition to the main shooting mode, there are four more: Slow motion - allows you to shoot at four times or eight times slow motion; Panorama – allows you to create panoramic photographs with a viewing angle of up to 360°; Photo Sphere – creating a photosphere; Blur – allows you to create photos with an artificial bokeh effect.

Photo– this application acts as a system gallery and at the same time is a client of the service of the same name from Google.

Calendar– the main view of the application is the Schedule, where all events are listed in one list, which is interesting: the beginning of each month in this list is titled with a nice picture reflecting the main essence of this month. To look at the month, you need to tap on the name of the current month in the header. The view can be changed to Day, 3 days, Week and Month. The add event button appears in the lower right corner.

Calculator– has standard and extended functionality. In portrait orientation, the panel with additional functions(sin, cos, tan, ln, etc.) is called by swiping from the right edge of the screen; in landscape orientation, this panel is always visible.

Cards is a client application for Google Maps. The main screen contains a search line and buttons: a side menu button, a voice search button, a north orientation button, a button for determining the current location, and a button for creating a route. In the side menu, you can save the selected map area to your phone’s memory for further use of the application in offline mode. The “Chronology” section keeps a log of the user’s movements. The section “Your impressions” contains reviews about public places: restaurants, shopping centers, beauty salons, etc.

Downloads – the simplest manager downloads

Branded Applications

Play Store is an application store client and the main branded application from Google. It is used to purchase, install and update third party applications. The “Games and Applications” section is a virtual showcase where various product selections are displayed, for example, New Products or the Most Popular Games, in the form of thumbnails of applications heading the corresponding selection and links to the entire list. The “Movies, Music, Books” section is also a virtual showcase, but it presents relevant content and press, also in the form of selections and banners. For user convenience, the “My applications and games” section consists of two lists: Installed and All. The “Wish List” section shows all products the user has ever marked as wanted.

Play Games is a client application for the service of the same name. The “Home” section displays basic data about the user: name, level, how many experience points you need to gain to move to the next level. Below are lists of games: recommended games, games the user is playing, and what friends are playing. The “My Games” section contains three tabs: recent, all, and installed. The “Notifications” section in three tabs displays a list of invitations, a list of gifts and requests, and a list of quests. The “Players” section in two tabs displays a list of Added players and a list of Recommended players – friends of friends. The “Find Games” section also contains three tabs: Recommended, Popular and Online games.

Play Music- This music player and, at the same time, a client of the cloud music service of the same name. The “Home” section displays a list of the user’s latest actions: tracks listened to or purchased. The “Music Library” section displays all the user’s tracks purchased or downloaded from the computer, sorted in tabs by playlist, artist, album or genre. There is an interesting “Automixes” function, it greatly simplifies the creation of playlists from a large number of tracks. To create an automix, you just need to specify the name of the artist, album or genre, and the application itself will create a new playlist. There is also a link to the Play Store in the side menu, because... tracks can be purchased only from it. There is now an equalizer in the settings.

Play Movies is a service client for purchasing/renting films and watching them on a mobile device. The “Home” section displays films, TV series and cartoons collected in playlists by genre and popularity. The “Library” section displays a list of films purchased or rented by the user. The side menu contains a link to the Play Store.

YouTube is a client of the service of the same name. The main screen is divided into four tabs: Home, Trending, Subscriptions and Account. Last tab contains sections: Watched, My videos, Alerts, Purchases and Watch later; as well as a list of playlists. The video viewing window is convenient and functional, but has one unpleasant feature: when you open the video, it starts automatic download, even if the device uses a mobile network to access the Internet. Therefore, if you opened the video not to watch it, but, for example, to view the description or comments, get ready to part with several tens (hundreds?) of megabytes of traffic.

Disk is an application for working with the Google Drive cloud storage service. The main screen displays the user's storage root directory and a list of recently opened files. The “Shared with me” section displays a list of files that other users have access to. In addition, there are sections: Google Photos, Recent, Starred, Offline access and Downloaded. The sidebar below shows what volume disk space busy and how much is available to the user.

Last few years Apple and Google are consistently moving their operating systems towards each other, or, to be precise, trying to flank each other. With each version of iOS, Apple expands functionality and tries to make the system more flexible for the user and applications. Google is trying to fix traditional weaknesses: finally put things in order with notifications, make them uniform and more consistent, and overcome battery drain. And they, I must say, are moving in the right direction, it’s a pity that sometimes they are too slow.

What personally captivates me about Android 7.1 is: the multitasking mechanics and work with multiple applications are friendlier compared to iOS; flexibility in choosing tools to solve certain problems; deep integration with Google services, which I actively use; sleeker and more logical user interface. You can't help but notice how Google cleaned up the list pre-installed applications saving the user from junk. What doesn't suit me: the remaining drainage of the battery charge; inconsistency in the UI of the vast majority of applications and less efficient use of the screen surface. The system, despite constant improvements, still cannot be called completely safe; overall optimization in iOS is still better. To summarize, we can unequivocally say that Android up to the fifth version and now it is almost two different systems, I am glad that Google has found the right direction and is slowly and surely moving along it.

Android supports several menu types. First - there is a separate button on the phone Menu(in older phones), pressing which brings up the menu. In new devices separate button removed, replacing it with a menu icon in the form of three dots in a vertical orientation. The second type is a context menu that appears when you press and hold your finger on the screen in the desired place (you can also press and hold the center button on your phone). The context menu, in turn, can have submenus. Today we will get acquainted with the first type of menu. This article will look at working with the menu on new devices running Android 4.0 and higher.

In the template Empty Activity there is no menu, so we will create it ourselves. This will help you understand the working principle and get an overview of the project. It is not necessary to remember the names of classes, methods, and code to handle menu item selections. In other templates, the menu will be built-in and you can use it right away.

Create a new project based on Empty Activity and run it. There is no menu yet.

Let's create several string resources in the file res/values/strings.xml, which will be responsible for menu items:

Settings Cat Cat Kitten

Now create a new folder menu in folder res res, | New | Directory). Next, create a file in the created folder menu_main.xml- the name indicates that the menu relates to the main activity MainActivity(right click on the folder menu | New | Menu Resource File). If you create an application with multiple screens, then each activity will have a separate menu with its own settings. Let's open the file for now menu_main.xml and add your code to the resulting template:

Let's open the file MainActivity. Currently there is only one method onCreate(). Let's add new method onCreateOptionsMenu(). Exactly this method is responsible for the appearance of the activity menu. Choose a menu in the studio Code| and in the next window, start entering the name of the method using the first letters. Can be entered first capital letters, i.e. ocom ( o n C reate O options M enu) to quickly find the desired line. Press the button OK and we get the workpiece.

@Override public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) ( return super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu); )

We add a method to the template that takes data from menu resources and converts them into menu items on the screen.

@Override public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) ( getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_main, menu); return true; )

In method inflate() you are pointing to a menu resource ( R.menu.menu_main) and a class object Menu.

In English, "inflate" is translated as inflate, i.e. According to the Android developers, we inflate an object, for example, a menu, with data. But in fact, the word "inflate" comes from the phrase in flat- to the apartment. There is an old tradition of letting a cat into the apartment first, who explores all the nooks and crannies of the house and declares his consent to live in it. This is how we run data from an XML file into a MenuInflater object.

Start the project. Now on the right side of the header you will see an icon of three dots lined up in a vertical line. Click on the icon to see the menu item Settings.

As you might guess, the element item is responsible for a separate menu item. Let's add three more items using the same principle, changing only the identifier and text for the menu:

Run the project and try calling the menu again. You will see three new items.

Options id And title don't need any explanation. Parameter orderInCategory allows you to set your own order for displaying menu items. Suppose you have created five menu items, but have not yet decided on the order in which they will appear on the screen. To avoid constantly moving entire blocks of code for menu items in the desired order, you can use this option.

And finally, an important attribute app:showAsAction defines menu behavior in ActionBar. Meaning never means that the menu item should not appear in the header, but only in the pop-up menu, i.e. be behind three points. If you set the value always, then point Settings will appear immediately in the header of your application. Values ​​also available ifRooms, withText And collapseActionView. Try it yourself. For example, ifRoom displays a menu item if space allows. If there are a lot of points, they will only get in the way. Typically, this option displays a very short word or icon for frequent operations to avoid unnecessary clicking on three dots.

Pay attention to the attribute app:showAsAction, which refers to the namespace xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto". There was a time when such a namespace did not exist and projects used the attribute android:showAsAction from the standard namespace. If the studio complains about the error, then edit the code.

While menu items are not executed useful work. Any click on an item simply closes the menu without visible consequences. We haven't written the code to handle clicks yet.

Selecting menu items

We learned how to create a menu. But for now it is useless, since the menu items do not react in any way to our clicks. Another method is used to handle menu item clicks. onOptionsItemSelected(). Let's add a method using the same principle as for the previous example. Let's get the blank.

@Override public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) ( return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item); )

Parameter item is responsible for the menu item. You should get the menu id through the method getItemId() and indicate the code for it. Since the menu usually consists of several items, it is convenient to use the constructions if/else or switch. To display information, we will use a text label. Add a component to your activity screen TextView. You can use the existing one TextView with the inscription "Hello World!", just give it an identifier.

android:id="@+id/textView" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Hello World!"/>

Let's add the code to the template for the selected menu item:

@Override public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) ( // get the identifier of the selected menu item int id = item.getItemId(); TextView infoTextView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView); // Operations for the selected menu item switch ( id) ( case R.id.action_cat1: infoTextView.setText("You chose a cat!"); return true; case R.id.action_cat2: infoTextView.setText("You chose a cat!"); return true; case R. id.action_cat3: infoTextView.setText("You have selected a kitten!"); return true; default: return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item); ) )

Launch the application, call up the menu and select any menu item. A message should appear in the text field.

There is an alternative way via XML similar to handling button clicks (since Android 3.0). You can add an attribute android:onClick in menu resources and you don't need to use a method call onOptionsItemSelected(). With help android:onClick you can specify the desired method when selecting a menu item. Add this attribute to the item Settings

Now in the activity code we will write the following:

// the Settings menu item attribute is set to android:onClick="onSettingsMenuClick" public void onSettingsMenuClick(MenuItem item) ( TextView infoTextView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView); infoTextView.setText("You have selected the Settings item, better would choose a cat"); )

Switches

The appearance of menu items can be changed to a view with switches. To do this you need to add an element group with attribute android:checkableBehavior="single":

I don't see much point in this mode. And we won’t consider it.

Design Mode

IN Android Studio 2.2 added a graphical mode for building menus, which are similar to a toolbar for adding new components to the screen. The menu panel consists of four elements: Menu Item, Search Item, Menu, Group.

The principle is the same, select the desired element and drag it onto the screen into the menu area. If you have studied manual menu creation, then this method will not cause you any difficulties. With it, you can quickly sketch out a menu structure and then adjust it manually.

Our clients communicate with us and conduct business through the Button Application. It is available at i.site and works in any browser on your computer and phone, as well as through the application on iPhone and Android.

Behind Last year The application has become much more functional and works equally on all devices. Now this is not just a chat: clients can independently create documents, track transactions and monitor the work of Buttons specialists.

Several people can work in the application for one company at once. For example, you can give full access to a partner and run the company’s affairs together. Or limited access counterparties so that Button's accountants can directly exchange primary data with them.

We decided to write about everything that the application can do - all the functions and capabilities. We will support this article and update it as needed, so that you can see at any time how to make a deed or how to connect a counterparty to correspondence. About everything in detail:

Interface Buttons

This is what the application looks like:

Button employees and clients have avatars and full names. To change your avatar, just send us a photo and we will install it. If the photo is not uploaded, a colored circle with the first letter of the name is displayed.

On the main screen at the top center there is an orange plus sign and search. Click on the plus sign to create a new message.

Search available in the “Questions” and “Documents” sections. It works taking into account the morphology of the language, that is, you can search for messages or documents by any form of the word. The system searches by subject of correspondence, text of messages, file names, author of messages and email address, if he is participating in the correspondence.

Can search for files based on extension:

In the upper right corner you can select a company if you have several of them. Click on the “My companies” field - a list and a search field will open:

In the lower right corner is the phone number of the Button and there is a section where customers can leave comments about our work or suggestions for the operation of the application.

In the lower left corner you will find the name under which you work in the system; you can change the user or change the login and password.

On the left of the main screen there is a menu block with application sections. Each of them helps the entrepreneur track information about the company in real time. First things first:

Section "Questions"

This section shows all correspondence with the team and all actions in the application: consultations, tasks and created documents. A yellow triangle in the upper right corner means the message is unread.

You can see how many new messages there are in the word “Questions”. You can click on the number and the entire list of unread ones will open.

Each issue has two statuses: in progress or resolved. You can change it directly from the feed: hover the cursor over the card, click on the orange checkmark and close the task.

It is important for us to receive feedback, so each consultation with a specialist can be evaluated. If you liked our answer, give it a thumbs up. If something went wrong, don’t be sorry for the dislikes. This is how we learn to be better.

You can evaluate another completed task by closing it inside the correspondence:

In each branch you will find a bell - it is needed to set up notifications.

When you click on it, you will be taken to a menu where you can:

subscribe or unsubscribe from notifications on messages from this thread;

sign or unsubscribe your employees working in Button;

connect or disconnect the counterparty's mail to a specific thread.

You can view and change your settings for all messages in the “Settings” section, there is also a bell there:

Section "Tasks"

In this section you can see all the orders that we receive from clients and maintain in the internal tool. Here you can track deadlines and task statuses.

There are three types of tasks:

Knopke’s tasks are orders that we receive from clients;

Salary - tasks with advances and employee salaries;

Taxes and reporting - all the necessary reporting for the client’s company.

And these tasks have 4 statuses:

New - when the task has not yet been taken on;

At work - they are working on a task;

We are waiting for a response from you - the task is suspended because we are waiting for information from the client;

Done - task done.

To make it more convenient, we have linked the “Questions” and “Tasks” sections. In the section with questions you will see which question the task was created for. And vice versa, in the “Tasks” section you can see which branches they come from.

To put new task, you need to write in the “Questions” section. We will clarify the details and estimate the deadline. After this, the task will appear in the “Tasks” section - you can track the deadline, status and progress on it.

Section "Money"

Here you can see all receipts and debits from the company’s ruble and foreign currency accounts.

If you have an account with Alfa-Bank, Tochka or Tinkoff Bank, we will set up integration, thanks to which the information will be updated every hour.

Information on accounts in other banks is updated manually every 2 weeks. To do this, we will need a limited key to your online banking - we will download and post the bank statement ourselves. It is safe and saves entrepreneurs a lot of time.

Here you can see the payment details and download a payment slip with the bank’s stamp.

Section "Documents"

Here you can create documents: invoices, acts, invoices and UPD. The primary is also stored here. There is a filter that searches by document type, contractor name, or both.

There are tabs “Sales”, “Purchases” and “Files”. In the last tab you can see all the documents that you sent to the Button and that we sent to you. The list can be filtered by date and source of receipt. You can even separately view documents sent to the Moscow office or uploaded into correspondence.

To create new document, click the plus sign in the “Sales” tab:

Documents in UPD format are a convenient replacement for old forms of documents; they combine a document, a delivery note and an invoice, suitable for goods and services. If you work with VAT, then you also need to attach an invoice to the invoice. There is no need for UPD. The UPD replaces both the delivery note and the invoice. For example, in one UPD you can sell kitchen sets and delivery services. In the case of ordinary documents, you would have to make a separate invoice for the kitchen set and a delivery certificate.

Creating documents in our application is easy. Any document has standard fields to fill out and an additional field where you can write a comment. Indicate the due date for payment of the invoice or the number of the agreement on the basis of which the invoice was issued. You can even write a personal message, for example, if your friend receives the bill.

You can send the created document to your partner by email. And there you can add a message that the recipient will see in the body of the letter. When your partner responds, you will receive a message immediately in the Button.

You can add your company’s signature and seal to documents right in the application - you don’t need to print and sign each document, send them to your partners right away. Just send us an example of your signature and seal on a white sheet of paper, we will set everything up.

This is what the signed and sealed document looks like:

Here documents can be duplicated, edited, deleted, sent to partners and downloaded.

It is possible to download a document in Excel format and edit it in popular editors on Windows, Mac and Linux: - Apache OpenOffice - Microsoft Excel - LibreOffice

If you don't need to edit the document, just download the pdf file.

It is important that all created documents in the application automatically go into the 1C database - there is no need to print, scan and send them to an accountant. Therefore, be careful: you should not edit the name of the counterparty, date, amount and list of goods and services in documents - after all, these data affect accounting.

You can add your company logo to invoices. To do this, send us a logo, we will save it in the system. After this, all your invoices will have the logo:

Section "Transactions". Since July 19, 2018 it has been called “Primary”.

For correct accounting and optimal taxation, it is important to send documents to the accountant on time. We know how not to lose the primary documents of entrepreneurs. For this purpose, we came up with and developed a section where you can see the history of interaction with suppliers and clients.

The first two are Suppliers and Clients. Counterparties for which there are no documents are listed here. You can also see from the suppliers who needs to be paid, and from the clients - from whom there are still no payments. Both sections have a search that will help you find even those counterparties for whom transactions have already been closed.

Scans. Here you can attach the accumulated primary items without sorting them out by counterparties. We will sort the documents ourselves and enter them into the database. On some scans you will see a checkmark - this means that the document has already been entered into 1C.

You can go to the card of each counterparty. There you will find three tabs:

Debts. Write-offs for which you still need to send documents are listed here. You can leave a comment for each payment. For example, inform the accountant in advance that the documents for this transaction will be available next month.

History, where you can see all past and present interactions with the counterparty.

Scans. This tab stores documents sent to the Button. Right here you can attach a new primary document or find documents for the previous period.

You can also open access to the section for an employee who does not have primary access to the Button. You will find this function on the right when you go to the main page of the section. This is convenient when you want documents to move without your participation. For example, you give access to the manager who is involved in the transaction, he himself directly sends the documents to the accountant in Button. Access can be closed at any time.

Here you will find a video that we shot to clearly show you how the section works:

Don’t be alarmed if you don’t find it in the system immediately after attaching a document. The section is updated every hour.

Updated “Deals” are available from June 2018 :)

Section "Analytics"

All receipts and debits from ruble accounts of your company are reflected here. You can view income and expenses for the selected period and separately by account if you have several of them.

If you have an account with Alfa-Bank, Tochka or Tinkoff Bank, we will set up integration - the information will be updated every hour. Information on accounts in other banks is updated manually every 2 weeks.

Communicate with Button via email

The most in a convenient way communication on the run still remains mail. We have integrated mail with our application and made it so that you can communicate via mail client, and letters along with attachments were automatically saved in the Button. When someone from Buttons writes a message, you will receive a beautiful letter:

You can reply to this letter or write a new one directly in the mail. You can attach any file to a letter, including pictures and even videos - the correspondence history will be saved in the mail and, along with all attachments, will magically appear in the Button.

For example, if you send a contract, your lawyer will receive it, make changes and send it to you for approval - the answer will appear in the Button and in your mail.

To provide direct mail, we need to know your email and you need to know ours. Send us your address, and in response we will send a special email to which you can write to your team. If the company is called "Romashka" - most likely, your special email will look like [email protected].

In mail, the letter can be immediately forwarded to the counterparty; there is no need to go to the Button interface and download the attached file. And if the letter suddenly gets lost, you will find sent files and correspondence history in the push-button interface.

For counterparties - limited access

It happens that someone needs to communicate with the team without full access to the Button. Not only you can communicate with the Button, but also any of your employees, contractors, and even your beloved grandmother :) Just give them your button mailing address. Employees or contractors will be able to write to Button from their email and, most importantly, receive responses from Button employees.

You can give counterparties a special address so that accountants can directly exchange primary information with them. In this case, all correspondence will be saved in the Button, and you will be able to see it at any time.

People without access to the Button will only receive emails about topics in which they participate. If you would like to talk to us confidentially about the same topic, please start a new thread.

Links to message threads can be given to each other

For example, an accountant can give you a link to old correspondence, in which a similar document has already been prepared. You, in turn, can send links to lawyers, referring to previous tasks, or send links to your colleagues with access to the Button - they will follow the link, enter the Button and read the correspondence.

Messages are not lost

You might accidentally close a browser tab or refresh a page. Even the battery in a laptop or smartphone can suddenly die. If some misunderstanding occurs and the browser is accidentally closed, then all the text typed in the Button will be saved. When you open a conversation thread or a new message page, you can continue typing where you left off. By the way, the attached files will not disappear anywhere either.

There are even more possibilities on mobile

The Buttons app works in the phone's browser and through the app. There are all the same sections, documents are adapted to the screen, and you can make calls directly from the application. Download:

On iPhone

For Android

When you log in, it will remember you until you press “Exit”. It will also send push notifications and show badges on the application icon when the team writes a message - this is something that the web application definitely cannot do.

We announce all articles on Telegram. You will also find news, tips and life hacks for entrepreneurs there. Join us :)

The disappearance of a shortcut from the home screen or the program itself from the list of applications is a problem that many Android users are familiar with firsthand. But few people know how to solve it. Therefore, if you don’t want to overpay a master for trivial work, this article is for you.

Possible problems and their solutions

The screens of mobile gadgets are highly sensitive to touch. Often the user, without knowing it, by accidental pressing sends the icon or application to the trash. Therefore, before checking your device for errors, make sure that the program you are looking for is actually removed. For this:

• Open Play Market.
• By clicking on the icon in the form of 3 horizontal stripes in the voice search line, we call up the side menu.
• Select “My apps and games”
• Go to the “Installed” tab and check if the application we are interested in is in the list.
• If there is, open the application page, delete it and reinstall it.
• If the application is not in the list, open its page on Google Play and install it.
• We protect ourselves from repetition of such situations: we set an automatic screen lock for the time when the gadget is not in use.

After reinstallation The label should be back in place. If this does not happen, or the shortcut is back, but only temporarily, you may have:

The system is infected with viruses

Today, malware is increasingly disguised as popular apps, and therefore, the number of downloads from them amounts to hundreds of thousands, or even millions of downloads. Most modern viruses do not harm the device directly (so they can collect information about you longer). However, there are also those that are aimed specifically at destabilizing the operation of the gadget. Removing programs or their shortcuts in this case is common. Therefore, when a problem arises, the first thing we do is make sure that the antivirus databases always remain up to date.

Developer problem

Application development is carried out not only by professionals, but also by amateurs. If the icon does not appear from the very beginning, most likely the author incorrectly specified the intent-filter in the manifest file. To test this theory, ask a friend (who has a phone from the same company as you) to install problematic application. Doesn't he have a label either? Write to the developer until he fixes this bug, the problem will not be solved.

Problem with SD card

Applications from Play market are automatically installed on the internal memory of the smartphone. However, the user can place third-party programs at his own discretion. Often, to speed up the system, they are placed on a removable memory card. But after booting the device, initializing the SD card may take several minutes. Applications installed on it do not respond to system requests at this time, as a result of which the icons are not displayed.

The problem can be solved in several ways:

• Purchasing more modern map memory with accelerated processing and data recording (not the best option, since it does not guarantee 100% results).
• (the probability of success is maximum, but the smartphone may begin to slow down).
• Rebooting the SD card (the optimal solution that helps in 85% of cases).

To disable and re-enable the memory card, go to “Settings” and open the “Memory” section. There (at the very bottom), first click on the “Disable MicroSD” item, and then (when the drive is deactivated) “Enable MicroSD”. We wait a couple of minutes, after which the shortcuts should appear.

note! Perhaps the memory card itself has become damaged. If the described steps do not help, before moving on to the next steps, check its functionality on another gadget.

Firmware problem

Another option explaining why applications from Android could disappear is related to the system itself. If you recently modified your phone's firmware, the updates may not have installed correctly, resulting in the loss of some shortcuts and/or applications. To return everything as it was:

• Open the system settings of the phone.
• We find the section “Restore and reset” (or a name similar in meaning).
• Select the recovery option that you use (from the “cloud”, from “internal memory”, etc.).

After the system returns to the previous settings, .

The applications themselves have been moved

When applications are installed on the phone, the path to their location is immediately specified in the shortcut parameters. Therefore, when a program is removed from its installation location, the icon disappears along with it. However, the disappearance of a shortcut from the desktop does not mean that the application was actually deleted. Perhaps you accidentally moved the folder with its files somewhere when you downloaded photos to your computer or installed some application manually, and not from the Play Market.

The easiest way to solve the problem in this case is to reinstall the application. However, the moved files will remain lying somewhere like dead weight. To get rid of them, connect the gadget to the computer and start a search by the name of the application (if it consists of several words, use the first one). If the search results contain the files we need, click on them right click mouse and select “Properties” or “File Location” to find out exactly where on the phone they are stored. If it is not in its place, we delete it.

note! If it was not third-party applications that were moved, but built-in applications, the system may begin to work incorrectly. If you cannot return or reinstall them, roll back the system to its previous state, following the recommendations from the previous paragraph.

The launcher is not working correctly

A launcher is a shell that makes it easier for the user to work with a smartphone. And if you changed the basic one to the option from third party developer, some shortcuts may well have been deleted or grouped into folders. To check this, we return to the basic launcher. For this:

• Let's go to settings.
• We are looking for a section dedicated to the settings of the device itself (display, memory, applications).
• Click on the item “Select launcher” (or something similar in meaning, since in the version for your device it may be called differently).
• Select the basic option from the list provided.
• Save the changes and check if the icons appear.
• If yes, the problem lies precisely in the launcher, if not, we return everything as it was and continue to figure it out.

Another option related to the launcher’s operation is grouping applications into folders for optimization free space on the screen. Check if there are folders on your desktop with multiple icons inside. If there is, the desired shortcut may well be inside one of them. To return, open the folder, hold the icon with your finger and, without releasing it, move it to the side until it appears on the desktop.

Factory reset

If the solutions listed above did not help and there are still no icons on the desktop, there is only one option left - . This can be done in different ways.

Note! The reset will delete absolutely all your data in the phone's memory, so before you start, do backups necessary files, contacts, etc.

A specific combination of numbers

This option is the simplest, but may not work on all smartphones. To use it, enter one of the three proposed combinations in the dialing field and click “Call”:

1. *2767*3855#
2. *#*#7780#*#*
3. *#*#7378423#*#*

If this method is suitable for your device, the smartphone will reboot, after which the settings will be restored to factory settings.

Through the menu of the smartphone itself

If the device is working normally, you can return its hardware to its pre-sale state through the menu. For this:

• We check that the phone is charged more than 70% (so that it does not turn off during the reinstallation process).
• Open the “Settings” section (for some models the gear-shaped icon is on the desktop, for others it is in the “Menu”).
• In the “System” subsection, look for the “Restore and reset” item (or, if your device does not have one, something similar in meaning).
• Scroll to the bottom of the list and select “Reset settings” or another phrase whose description indicates a return to factory settings.
• We start the rollback and wait for the result.

Now all that remains is to update the system to current version(“Settings” - “About phone” - “System update”) and reinstall the applications.

In both apps and websites, users rely on menus to find content and use functionality. Menus are an essential component of any website or application, but not all menus are created equal. Very often we come across problems in the menus - some are simply confusing, others are difficult to control, and others are generally difficult to find on the screen.

The menu must be visible

Many posts have been written about the hamburger menu, and most people speak negatively about it.

That little three line button is a real problem. And this is no longer about the icon itself, but about the fact that it hides the entire navigation.

Out of sight - out of mind

Hidden navigation is a pretty logical solution for small screens - no need to worry about limited screen real estate, just put all your navigation in a scrollable sidebar, which is hidden by default.

But the hamburger menu button is less effective for one simple reason: you have to click extra to see the option you want.

I see and use

Experience theory, A/B testing, and the evolution of some of the world's top apps suggest that displaying menu options in a more visible way increases user engagement and satisfaction.

That's why many apps are moving away from hamburger menus to more relevant navigation options that are always visible.

Tab Bar: Instead of hiding the navigation options in a collapsible panel, you bring them out.

YouTube always makes elements of key functionality available with one touch, allowing you to quickly switch between functions.

There are also smart ways hide the tab bar when not in use. If the screen is a scrolling ribbon, the tab bar can be hidden when users scroll to load new content, and show it again if they try to scroll back in the ribbon.

One more thing: Many designers make the mistake of hiding sorting options in a dropdown menu. But this leads to the same problem - users only see the highlighted option, and other sorting options are hidden.

Less visibility (dropdown menu) and more visibility (toggle). Source: uxmovement.

Conclusion: Many apps still use hamburger menus because it's an easy way to put a ton of links in an app. But this is the wrong direction, because if The resource has complex navigation; hiding it will worsen usability mobile interface .

Current location designation

Lack of indication of the user's current location is perhaps the most common mistake in building menus for websites or applications. "Where I am?" is one of the fundamental questions that the user needs to answer for successful navigation.

Users rely on visual cues from menus to respond to this critical important question. But sometimes they see something completely different from what they expect to see.

Icons

There are universal icons that users are familiar with and that represent popular functionality such as search, mail, printing, etc. Unfortunately, “universal” icons are quite rare. And application designers often hide functionality behind icons that are very difficult to understand.

previous version Bloom.fm apps for Android. It is very difficult to understand the user's current location.

Colors

The current state can be directly indicated in the tab bar using contrasting colors.

How button color controls user attention. Source: uxmovement. The selected item changes its appearance in the tab bar.

Coordinate menus with user tasks

You should use only clear link names. Find out what the user is looking for and use category names that are understandable and close to yours. target audience. The menu is not the place to joke around with jargon. Use terminology that clearly describes your content and functionality.

Users love mobile applications that quickly solve a specific case. And you can reduce the time the user has to spend understanding the menu.

Complex functions should always be displayed with an appropriate text label.
Takeaway: Menu items should be easy to scan. Users should be able to understand exactly what happens when they touch an element with their finger.

Keep the manipulations simple

Elements that are too small or too close to each other cause great discomfort mobile users. So make menu links large enough to be easily clicked or touched with a finger.

An MIT Touch Lab study found that the average width of an adult's index finger is 1.6 - 2 cm. This is equivalent to 45-57 pixels.

The updated version of Android 5 Lollipop, although similar to the previous KitKat, has some differences that may seem unusual and inconvenient. There are many settings in “Lollipop”.

Some of them (such as contrasting text or inverting colors) are needed by a few, while others are needed by almost everyone. Let's look at the question of how to set up Android 5 in more detail.

Factory Reset Android Lollipop

One of the most important Android 5 settings is Factory Reset Protection. Activating this option will result in the fact that it will be impossible to reset the settings to factory settings without the login and password to your Google account.

Thanks to Android service Device Manager the owner of a lost or stolen smartphone will be able to remotely lock and wipe the device.

It must be remembered that the protection only works when the smartphone is locked with an activation screen.

Recovering data after installing an Android update

Another useful option is the ability to recover data after installing Android 5.0 Lollipop. During the initial setup, you will be offered various options for data recovery, including missed calls.

Android 5 setting up accounts

A user account manager may come in handy - by analogy with a full-fledged desktop, it will be possible to limit access to the capabilities of a smartphone.

There are 3 types of accounts available:

• The Guest account has minimal rights. Any information is stored only temporarily. Each time you log in as a guest, the system will ask whether the user wants to start over or continue the last guest session.
• “Profile” allows you to configure access to programs and services.
• “User” is also the owner of the device. This account has the most rights. Any change to system settings, such as adding a Wi-Fi network, will apply to all other accounts on the device.

How to add users? It’s very simple - go to the settings and look for the inscription “Users”.

Initially, you will see the profile of the smartphone owner and the guest profile. You can also add users.

To add new users, you will need to enter their Google accounts. Each user will be able to customize the operating system for themselves. The owner of the device does not have the ability to control this process, but he has the power to allow or deny other users to send SMS and make calls.

Restricting access to Android 5 Lollipop

Another useful function is the so-called “Button”. If you give someone your smartphone and don't want them to rummage through it or change anything, use Button. It will limit the functionality of the device to only one application - the one on which it is installed. Access to everything else will be denied: “Enter your password.”

How to do it? Open Settings and select the “Security” option. Click on it. In the list that opens, click “Screen pinning”. Then switch the toggle switch to the “On” position. (On).

Now you can pin any application to your screen. To do this, launch the selected program and double-click on its window.

To exit a pinned app, press and hold the Review and Back buttons. In a few seconds you will be taken to your desktop.

How to set up interrupts in Android 5

Among other things, you can configure so-called “Interrupts” in Android 5.0 Lollipop - you can determine for yourself which contacts or applications can call you or send notifications.

How to configure interrupts? Go to settings, select “Sound & notification” and tap on this option. Below the sound adjustment sliders there will be an “Interruptions” option - click on it.

You can only be disturbed by favorite contacts or applications. Lollipop has the ability to turn on the “Important” mode according to the schedule you set - for this there is a special option “Downtime (priority interruptions only) mode schedule”.

You can quickly change priority modes by simply tapping the volume slider. Below it, the “Do Not Disturb” (None), “Important” (Priority) and “All” modes will be available.

The first two modes can be turned on indefinitely or for a certain time. The “+” and “-” buttons allow you to adjust the time interval during which the selected mode will operate. The time period can be adjusted from 15 minutes to 8 hours.

Setting up Lollipop lock screen and notifications

In Android 5.0 Lollipop, incoming notifications are displayed on the lock screen. This is not always convenient. It’s unlikely that anyone wants to “share” personal information. For this case, there is a flexible setting in Android 5 for how notifications are displayed.

To do this, go to Settings -> Sound and notifications -> On lock screen -> Hide personal information. After that prying eyes they won't see her.

Mail in Android 5 has become more convenient

Postal gmail app, in addition to the new design, received support for accounts on other email services that support the IMAP and POP protocols. Now you don’t need to go into the browser to open a non-Google “box” - everything can be done from one application.

Android 5 Battery Saver Setting

If you want your smartphone to last longer on a single charge, you should learn how to set up the Project Volta battery saving mode in Android 5. According to the developers, it allows you to extend operating time by 15-20%. However, the device begins to noticeably “slow down”.

To enable this mode, go to settings, click on “Battery”, then on the menu button (three dots in the upper right corner) and select battery saving mode:

When the battery saving mode is turned on, the navigation and status bars of the smartphone will turn orange and a message will appear indicating that the saving mode is enabled:

If you want, you can turn off this mode immediately - there is such an option in the message that appears.

Setting up the Switch Access function in Android 5

The main menu is one of the main tools for user interaction with the application. In Android 2.3.x and earlier, it was “hidden” on the hardware Menu button, and the developers drew the menu as best they could. But starting with Android 3.0, the flaw was corrected, the menu became a standard component on the Action Bar, and received a number of new features. At the same time, the menu development process has remained virtually unchanged. A menu in Android is not just a set of buttons on which you can attach an OnClickListener . In Android, you can do a lot more with the menu than meets the eye.

In this article I will tell you how to make a modern menu, how to adapt it for different sizes screen, how to make radio button switches directly in the menu, as well as how to dynamically control the visibility of menu buttons, hiding those functions of your application that will not work on a particular smartphone. As the article progresses, I will try to give as many of the menu options as possible, and will also provide links to official documentation on the topic.

This is how the menu of the same application can look different.

Our first button in the menu

Menus in Android are described in resource files or formed program code. The first option is recommended for a number of reasons: speed of development, clarity, ease of maintenance. Menu resources are located in the menu subdirectory of the application's res resource directory. Create a menu directory, then create a new Android XML File:

Select the resource type Menu, enter the file name. Since it will most likely be different in different ones, I recommend linking the menu resource file names to the activity names.

In the editor that opens, enter the code for the first button of our menu:

Let's look at the attributes used:

• We specify android:id so that later in the code we can distinguish some buttons from others.
• android:orderInCategory specifies the order of our button relative to others. Specify the order in increments of 10 or 100, this will allow you to add new elements anywhere in the future without rearranging the order of the rest.
• android:showAsAction is the most interesting parameter, since it controls the behavior of menu items in different situations. It can take a range of values:
  • ifRoom - Show an element in the action bar only if there is enough space for it. If there is not enough space, the item will be automatically hidden in the additional menu (the one shown with three dots on top of each other). This is the best way to customize the menu depending on the screen size of the device. On big screens tablets, the action bar will be filled with buttons, and on small phones the most important buttons will be shown, while the rest can also be reached, but only through an additional menu. Keep in mind that the additional menu is displayed in the action bar only on those smartphones that do not have a hardware menu button.
  • withText - The text specified by the android:title property will be shown next to the button icon. This parameter can be specified in combination with others, separating the parameters with |
  • never - The button will never be visible on the action bar, even if there is space for it. You will always have to get to such a button through an additional menu.
  • always - Always show the button in the action bar. This parameter should not be abused, since on small phones the buttons may begin to creep onto other elements of the action bar, for example, onto the application title. For each activity, define at most one important button, without which it is absolutely impossible, and mark always only with her. The rest (and if possible all) should be ifRoom .
  • collapseActionView - allows you to make a button that opens or hides additional element View in action bar. For example, you can set such a parameter to the search icon, and when you click it, it will show a field for entering a search query directly in the action bar.
• android:title - defines the title of the menu button. It can be displayed next to the icon in the action bar or as the name of an element in the additional menu.
• android:icon - button icon.

Menu icons

If you are developing a Holo style app you can use ready set icons from Google, which is available to everyone to download from the official website completely free of charge.

The set of icons is presented separately for the dark and separately for the light Holo theme, as well as for different screen sizes. If you can't afford a designer on your team, this kit is simply irreplaceable.

Connecting a menu to an Activity

Loading the menu from the resource is very fast. Open the Activity code and override the onCreateOptionsMenu method:
@Override public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) ( getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.your_activity_menu, menu); return true; )
Now the menu is displayed, but when I press the button nothing happens. You can attach a handler to a button using code or directly in the XML resource by setting the name of the handler method in the android:onClick property. To do the same with code, you need to override the onOptionsItemSelected method in the Activity:
@Override public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) ( switch (item.getItemId()) ( case R.id.menuPurchasesListNewRecord: // TODO: click handler here return true; ) return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item); )

Create a submenu

A submenu is useful when we want to clarify how to perform an action presented in the action bar. For example, we have a shopping list and a “Sort” button. By pressing the button, you need to find out by what parameter the user wants to sort the list items: by product category, by name, or by the order in which they were added to the list. Let's look at the submenu code for this case:

Here we have declared another tag within a tag. A submenu is a group of the same tags, which allows you to create a submenu within a submenu, and so on, if necessary.

Radio buttons in the menu

We just made a menu to select the sort order for purchases. It would be great to show which sorting method is currently being used. The list can only be sorted in one of three possible ways, which fits perfectly with the idea of ​​a radio button. To make a set of radio buttons from our submenu, just specify the android:checkableBehavior="single" property to the tag. Possible values ​​for android:checkableBehavior:

• single - selecting only one of the available elements, our case
• all - select any number of available elements, similar to a check box
• none - group items are normal menu items, this is the default value

The resulting menu code:

If you launch the application and try to select one of the sorting methods, nothing will happen. The menu does not show that any item is selected. This will have to be done manually by calling item.setChecked(true);
@Override public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) ( switch (item.getItemId()) ( case R.id.menuPurchasesListNewRecord: // TODO: click handler here return true; case R.id.menuPurchasesListSortOrderCategory: item.setChecked(true); return true; case R.id.menuPurchasesListSortOrderName: item.setChecked(true); return true; case R.id.menuPurchasesListSortOrderAddTime: item.setChecked(true); return true; ) return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item); )

If you still have questions about working with the main menu, I will be glad to answer in the comments.

Android supports several menu types. First - there is a separate button on the phone Menu(in older phones), pressing which brings up the menu. In new devices, the separate button has been removed and replaced with a menu icon in the form of three dots in a vertical orientation. The second type is a context menu, which appears when you press and hold your finger on the screen in the desired place (you can also press and hold the center button on your phone). The context menu, in turn, can have submenus. Today we will get acquainted with the first type of menu. This article will look at working with the menu on new devices running Android 4.0 and higher.

In the template Empty Activity there is no menu, so we will create it ourselves. This will help you understand the working principle and get an overview of the project. It is not necessary to remember the names of classes, methods, and code to handle menu item selections. In other templates, the menu will be built-in and you can use it right away.

Create a new project based on Empty Activity and run it. There is no menu yet.

Let's create several string resources in the file res/values/strings.xml, which will be responsible for menu items:

Settings Cat Cat Kitten

Settings

To the application Settings you can get there: by clicking on the icon in the application menu (or on the desktop) or through the icon in the switch panel. The main screen of the application is divided into two tabs ALL and SUPPORT, in the latter you can find two links: Help Center / Leave feedback and Recommendations and useful tips. In some countries, in the support tab you can get help and ask a question to a live person in chat. All smartphone settings are collected into 4 groups: Wireless networks, Device, Personal data and System; and are divided into 22 sections. At the top there is a 5th group called Hints; interactive tips on setting up the system appear here. Another innovation is the presence of a Help/Feedback button in all sections/settings. All Settings screens except the main one have a side menu for quickly moving to other sections.

Basic Applications

Telephone– on the main screen of the application the following are displayed: a search bar with buttons for voice search and calling up application settings, at the bottom, a button for calling the dialer. The Speed ​​Dial tab contains cards of frequently dialed contacts, the Recent tab contains a list of recent calls, and the Contacts tab contains all contacts. In the application settings, you can manage quick response templates and the list of blocked callers.

Contacts is an application for working with user contacts. In terms of functionality, it is not much different from the Contacts tab in the Phone application.

Messages– application for working with SMS by default. The main screen of the application contains a list of dialogs, search buttons, settings and creating a new message. The application looks as simple as possible and has primitive functionality. What’s unusual is how the application assigns each dialogue its own unique primary color.

Gmail is the default email application starting with the fifth version of Android. You can add mailboxes not only from Google, but also from other mail services. The main screen displays a list of letters and buttons for searching and creating a new message. Swiping from the left edge of the screen brings up the sidebar, which contains a list of folders and a settings shortcut.

Chrome– is the default system browser, its advantages include integration with Google services and ample opportunities for synchronizing tabs, forms, passwords, etc., its disadvantages include an imperfect user interface and excessive load on the processor and battery.

Watch– includes the following functions: alarm clock, world time, timer and stopwatch;

Camera. On the main screen there is a viewfinder and buttons: shutter release, switching to the front camera, gallery, turning on the timer, activating the flash, switching HDR+ mode, turning on the grid, selecting a white balance preset and Advanced. Switching between photo and video shooting modes is done by swiping to the side. In addition to the main shooting mode, there are four more: Slow motion - allows you to shoot at four times or eight times slow motion; Panorama – allows you to create panoramic photographs with a viewing angle of up to 360°; Photo Sphere – creating a photosphere; Blur – allows you to create photos with an artificial bokeh effect.

Photo– this application acts as a system gallery and at the same time is a client of the service of the same name from Google.

Calendar– the main view of the application is the Schedule, where all events are listed in one list, which is interesting: the beginning of each month in this list is titled with a nice picture reflecting the main essence of this month. To look at the month, you need to tap on the name of the current month in the header. The view can be changed to Day, 3 days, Week and Month. The add event button appears in the lower right corner.

Calculator– has standard and extended functionality. In portrait orientation, a panel with additional functions (sin, cos, tan, ln, etc.) is called up by swiping from the right edge of the screen; in landscape orientation, this panel is always visible.

Cards is a client application for Google Maps. The main screen contains a search line and buttons: a side menu button, a voice search button, a north orientation button, a button for determining the current location, and a button for creating a route. In the side menu, you can save the selected map area to your phone’s memory for further use of the application in offline mode. The “Chronology” section keeps a log of the user’s movements. The “Your impressions” section contains reviews of public places: restaurants, shopping centers, beauty salons, etc.

Downloads– the simplest download manager.

Branded Applications

Play Store is an application store client and the main branded application from Google. It allows you to purchase, install, and update third-party applications. The “Games and Applications” section is a virtual showcase where various product selections are displayed, for example, New Products or the Most Popular Games, in the form of thumbnails of applications heading the corresponding selection and links to the entire list. The “Movies, Music, Books” section is also a virtual showcase, but it presents relevant content and press, also in the form of selections and banners. For user convenience, the “My applications and games” section consists of two lists: Installed and All. The “Wish List” section shows all products the user has ever marked as wanted.

Play Games is a client application for the service of the same name. The “Home” section displays basic data about the user: name, level, how many experience points you need to gain to move to the next level. Below are lists of games: recommended games, games the user is playing, and what friends are playing. The “My Games” section contains three tabs: recent, all, and installed. The “Notifications” section in three tabs displays a list of invitations, a list of gifts and requests, and a list of quests. The “Players” section in two tabs displays a list of Added players and a list of Recommended players – friends of friends. The “Find Games” section also contains three tabs: Recommended, Popular and Online games.

Play Music is a music player and, at the same time, a client of the cloud music service of the same name. The “Home” section displays a list of the user’s latest actions: tracks listened to or purchased. The “Music Library” section displays all the user’s tracks purchased or downloaded from the computer, sorted in tabs by playlist, artist, album or genre. There is an interesting “Automixes” function, it greatly simplifies the creation of playlists from a large number of tracks. To create an automix, you just need to specify the name of the artist, album or genre, and the application itself will create a new playlist. There is also a link to the Play Store in the side menu, because... tracks can be purchased only from it. There is now an equalizer in the settings.

Play Movies is a service client for purchasing/renting films and watching them on a mobile device. The “Home” section displays films, TV series and cartoons collected in playlists by genre and popularity. The “Library” section displays a list of films purchased or rented by the user. The side menu contains a link to the Play Store.

YouTube is a client of the service of the same name. The main screen is divided into four tabs: Home, Trending, Subscriptions and Account. The last tab contains sections: Watched, My videos, Alerts, Purchases and Watch later; as well as a list of playlists. The video viewing window is convenient and functional, but has one unpleasant feature: when you open the video, it starts automatically downloading, even if the device uses a mobile network to access the Internet. Therefore, if you opened the video not to watch it, but, for example, to view the description or comments, get ready to part with several tens (hundreds?) of megabytes of traffic.

Disk is an application for working with the Google Drive cloud storage service. The main screen displays the user's storage root directory and a list of recently opened files. The “Shared with me” section displays a list of files that other users have access to. In addition, there are sections: Google Photos, Recent, Starred, Offline access and Downloaded. The sidebar below shows how much disk space is occupied and how much is available to the user.

Over the past few years, Apple and Google have been consistently moving their operating systems towards each other, or, to be precise, trying to flank each other. With each version of iOS, Apple expands functionality and tries to make the system more flexible for the user and applications. Google is trying to fix traditional weaknesses: finally put things in order with notifications, make them uniform and more consistent, and overcome battery drain. And they, I must say, are moving in the right direction, it’s a pity that sometimes they are too slow.

What personally captivates me about Android 7.1 is: the multitasking mechanics and work with multiple applications are friendlier compared to iOS; flexibility in choosing tools to solve certain problems; deep integration with Google services, which I actively use; sleeker and more logical user interface. It’s impossible not to notice how Google has cleaned up the list of pre-installed applications, ridding the user of junk. What doesn't suit me: the remaining drainage of the battery charge; inconsistency in the UI of the vast majority of applications and less efficient use of the screen surface. The system, despite constant improvements, still cannot be called completely safe; overall optimization in iOS is still better. To summarize, we can unequivocally say that Android up to the fifth version and now are practically two different systems; I am glad that Google has found the right direction and is slowly and surely moving along it.