Access from the Internet to the local network. Creating and setting up a local network How to access the Internet on a computer


There are many reasons why you need to gain access to your own local network from the global Internet: someone needs to connect in order to be able to view remote files and folders, some need access to security systems, cameras and other objects, someone “raised » web server and doesn’t want to pay for hosting, and someone needs advice on setting up a computer with a remote connection. There are many reasons, as well as options for solving the problem.

Formulation of the problem

According to network theory, to access the resources of a server or an individual computer, two main parameters are used - the IP address and the port on which the service is running, providing a connection to the resource using a specific protocol. Therefore, conscious configuration of the router, computer and server is necessary to ensure collaboration and correct access.

According to generally accepted standards, access for each protocol occurs via the following ports:

  • Web server or access via HTTP protocol. Remote connection is provided via TCP ports 80 and 8080.
  • Secure data transfer to the web server - port 443.
  • The primary file transfer protocol, or FTP, uses port 21.
  • Secure protocol for access from an SSH terminal on port 22. Typically used to perform device settings.
  • An open protocol for connecting to a remote terminal is TCP - port 23.
  • Access to SMTP and POP3 mail servers uses ports 25 and 110, respectively.

Specialized programs use their own ports, for example, to access the local network from the Internet using the VNC program, you need to open port 5900, Radmin - 4899, and to connect to the built-in Windows Remote Desktop Service (RDC) - 3389.

It is worth noting that opening ports on the server adds vulnerability and attracts attackers. Therefore, ports are opened only as needed, i.e. if there is no need to use access via the protocol, then the port used by the service must be closed. A good practice is to initially deny access to any service and then adjust access to the service as needed. Particularly vulnerable are ports that do not provide user authorization, for example, port 21 in Windows is open by default, which makes it possible for unauthorized connections.

Once specific goals have been defined, e.g. why and what resources you need access to, you can start setting up remote access.

Setting up a router - address translation

Address translation or forwarding is necessary for the router to switch the internal local address to an external one. This means that when connecting, the IP that “looks” at the Internet will be indicated. An external IP address can be “gray” (dynamic) or “white” (static), but the specifics of setting up a router in each case are beyond the scope of the article, so setting a static address will be used as an example.

Access is configured using the example of a Zyxel router from the Keenetic family with firmware version v2. This router is well suited for the implementation of the assigned tasks. To configure, you need to go to the configuration page through the web interface.

The computer connects to the router via DHCP. This means that every time a request is made to add to the network, it receives a new IP address. To provide access to the local network via the Internet, it is necessary to assign an IP to each device. This is done on the main page in the “Home Network” tab by clicking the green arrow (when hovered, a hint appears - “Assign an IP address to the device”).

Next, in the configuration, select the “Security” menu item and the “Network Address Translation” tab. On this tab, you need to add your own access rule and socket broadcast to the Internet for each selected service. A socket is a combination of an IP address and a port number, for example, 192.168.1.1:8080 for connecting to a Web server.

In the window that opens by clicking the “Add Rule” button, you need to specify specific fields to create a rule:

  • “Interface” - select a WAN interface from the drop-down list. There may be several options to choose from depending on the provider settings: PPTP, PPPoE, L2TP or ISP (Broadband Connection).
  • “Protocol” - select a protocol from the list for remotely connecting incoming connections.
  • “Redirect to address” - indicates the local address of the machine for which you want to redirect.
  • “New destination port number” is the local port number of the specified computer.

These steps must be performed for each device on the local network and for each protocol, i.e. Each device and service on it will have a separate rule. Don't forget to click the "Save" button. After all the necessary rules have been added, you can begin setting up a specific computer.

Setting up access on a Windows computer

To configure your computer, you need to open ports on it for incoming connections. This is done in the standard Windows Firewall program. The program is launched from “Control Panel - System and Security - Firewall” or “Start - Run - cmd - firewall.cpl”.

Ports are opened as follows:

  • In the program, you need to select the “Advanced options” menu item.
  • A new window will open that will allow you to configure advanced computer protection settings.
  • When you click the “Rules for incoming connections - Create rule” button, the “Rule Creation Wizard” modal dialog opens.
  • The first item in the dialog allows you to select the type of rule: for a specific program (usually, when installing a program, you add rules yourself to work correctly), for a port, preset rules and custom rules.
  • You need to select the “For port” switch.
  • The protocol type is selected (TCP or UDP), and a specific port or range of ports separated by a hyphen is entered in the corresponding field.
  • After selecting the port, the rule itself is created, i.e. connection is allowed or denied. In our case, when opening a port, you need to check the switch next to “Allow connection”.
  • The network connection profile is determined. You can check the boxes next to all profiles.
  • At the last point, you need to come up with a name for the rule and click “Finish”.

This opens a port on the computer. Similarly, as in a router, you need to create a separate rule for each port. To avoid adding access to each port, you can completely disable the firewall, but this is strongly not recommended.

Setting up access using third-party programs

Accessing a local network from the Internet when using third-party specialized programs usually does not require special knowledge or skills. It is enough that the program is installed on the client machine and launched on the server. In some cases, you will need to open addresses on your router for translation.

An example is the popular TeamVewer program. It allows you to connect to a remote desktop, transfer and download files and other functions. To connect, you just need to know the UserID and password of the computer you want to connect to.

Instructions

If there are only two computers on your network, you will need a crossover cable to connect them into a network - a twisted pair cable that is connected to RG-45 connectors crosswise at both ends. This connection is necessary so that the connector contacts of one network card, responsible for receiving signals, are connected to the contacts of another network card, responsible for transmission, and vice versa. If there are more than two computers on the network, you will need a hub to connect them into a network. Computers connect to the switch directly. Patch cords, crimped crosswise or directly, are sold in computer stores.

Now you need to configure the control computer. In Control Panel, open the Network and Internet Connections folder. Right-click on the “external” adapter icon to bring up the drop-down menu. Select the “Properties” option and go to the “Advanced” tab. Check the “Allow others to use the connection...” checkbox. If you consider it necessary, allow other users to manage sharing by checking the appropriate box. Click OK.

Answer “Yes” to the warning about changing the IP address. The “internal” network adapter that connects the management computer to the network will be assigned a static network address of 192.168.1.1. If one of the computers within the network plays the role of an FTP or WEB server, in the “Sharing” section, activate the “Options” button. In the list of services, select the protocols that will be used within the network.

If you want to create your own service, click Add. In the new window, enter a description of the service, the IP address or name of the computer on which it will run, the port numbers, and the protocol type that will be used by the service.

The DCHP protocol, running on the control computer, automatically assigns network addresses to computers on the local network. The disadvantage is that the network will not work when the server is turned off. To avoid this, you can manually assign static IP addresses to client computers. Go to Control Panel and open the network connections icon. Right-click on the “Local Area Connection” icon to open the context menu and select the “Properties” option.

In the "Components" section, check "Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)" and activate "Properties". If you decide to set IP addresses manually, select “Use the following IP address.” You can use the address range 192.168.0.2 – 192.168.0.254. The address must be unique for each computer on the network. Assign the subnet mask value to 255.255.255.0. In the “Default gateway” field, enter the server network address 192.168.1.1.

Enter 192.168.1.1 for “Use the following DNS addresses.” Click "Advanced" and go to the DNS tab. In the Connection DNS Suffix field, enter MSHOME.NET. Select the “Register addresses for this connection” checkbox.

Launch Internet Explorer and go to the Tools menu. Select "Internet Options" and go to the "Connections" tab. Click “Install”, then “Next” to continue. Check “Connect to the Internet” and click “Next”. Select “Set up a connection manually” and click “Next” to continue. Specify “Connect via a persistent high-speed connection”, click “Next” again and on the next screen “Done”.

Good day.

In this article we will look at what a local network is, why it is needed, how it is organized and what types it is. This network may be useful to you too, so don’t pass it by.


Definition

A local network is one that connects several computers in a small area. This concept translated into English looks like Local Area Network, so it is often abbreviated as LAN.

The network can be located within one apartment, office, computer class, small organization or its department. By this I want to say that usually it does not include many computers and they are not located at a great distance from each other.

Let's say you can organize a home network if you have a desktop computer, a laptop, a printer, a couple of mobile gadgets, a smart TV, etc. This option is also convenient, for example, for an enterprise where there are 10-20 computers located on different floors . Or, for example, a private house.

Why do we need a local network?

LAN may be needed for:

  • Transfer data between devices without the participation of external storage devices (flash drives, disks, etc.);
  • Opening access to the Internet for all network participants if it is connected to only one computer;
  • Control of portable devices from different computers. For example, within an office you can print from any hardware to one printer;
  • Organization of voice and video conferences;
  • Online games.

Types of local networks

There are only two of them:

  • Peer-to-peer network. All participants have equal rights, that is, they independently decide which files to open access to and which not. Used in cases of combining a small number of PCs.
  • Server based. A current option when there are more than 10 computers. Increases network performance. The bottom line is that to store general information, connect peripheral devices (scanners, printers, etc.), determine routes for sending information and centralize management of the entire network, one machine is allocated - a server - and all the others are connected to it.

There are also two ways to build a network: with or without wires. Let's look at each separately.

Wired connection

A twisted pair or optical cable is used, which is connected to the PC. Such devices are found in any hardware that is no more than 10-15 years old - they are integrated into the motherboard.

Wired connection provides the most stable and fastest data transfer. In modern versions, the throughput is 100 Mbit/s and higher via twisted pair. From 10 Gbit/s over fiber. For such a connection, Ethernet technology is most often used.

When the collection of computers is large or it is necessary to distribute the Internet from one server, hubs (switches) can be used. They have several connectors for connecting wires. Their functions include relaying the signal entering one port over other interfaces.

Network structure

There are several topologies for connecting computers via wires:

  • Linear bus - serial connection of PCs from one to another.
  • Star type - all network participants are powered by one server.
  • Ring - the structure of the connection is clear from the name. In this case, server resources are also distributed among all machines, but if one fails, the others will not work.

  • Snowflake is the most flexible topology because it allows you to connect equipment according to the most convenient principle, usually taking into account its functionality.

Wireless way

This refers to unification over radio waves. The most common option now is this. However, connection is also possible via Bluetooth and GPRS. In any case, the speed will be lower than with a wired connection. On average, over Wi-Fi it is 10 Mbit/s and higher.

To create a mesh without wires, you need a special module in your computers. In modern laptops it is usually built-in, but for PCs you can buy an external device. You also need a single network gateway (router) to which wired Internet will be connected. And network participants will receive it via radio waves.

How is data transferred?

To organize a local network, it is not enough just to physically connect the machines; you also need to configure it. Their work is controlled by programs. In order for computers to understand each other, a single and understandable language is used - the network protocol.

It comes in different types, but the most widely used are packet protocols. What does it mean? The transmitted data is divided into blocks, which are placed in a packet. It also contains information about the recipient and addressee. Each computer connects to the network at a certain frequency and checks the passing packets: those that are intended for it are taken away.

How does hardware understand that this or that packet is addressed specifically to it? Each machine has an IP address that is unique within the same network. It is set during the setup process of Windows or whatever system you are using.

End of article :).

You are always welcome on my blog.

Updated – 2017-02-14

Local network with Internet access. If you have several computers at home and all your household members are constantly working on them, and only one of them has access to the Internet, then you have probably asked yourself more than once: - How to connect all these computers to high-speed ADSL Internet via one modem?

Local network with Internet access

This is what we will talk about now. Moreover, not all computers are necessarily desktop. This can be done with laptops too. I will describe all the settings for Windows XP. Although the same can be done for other systems. The only difference is access to the network card settings. In all operating systems, network card settings are hidden differently.

The only difference is in the path to them, because... Different systems have different control panels. No matter how good and sophisticated the new operating systems are (Vista and Windows 7), I prefer Windows XP. Its settings (especially for the local network) are the most flexible and simple.

I have three computers at home, and they are all constantly busy. And for a long time, access to the Internet was only on one computer, which is very inconvenient. But then the moment came when we realized it was time to do something. We gathered a small home council and decided to create our own small local network with shared Internet access.

What do we need to build a local network with Internet access?

We bought a switch with five ports,

and three network cables: one – 3 meters and 2 x 10 meters.

Network cards All three computers are built into the motherboard, so we bought only one - to connect the modem.

We already had a modem in stock.

In general, everything cost “little money” - a little more than 700 rubles.

Connecting equipment for a local network

WITH INTERNET ACCESS

  • Installed a new network card in PCI-slot a computer with direct access to the Internet. This computer will be our Server. The system immediately detected it and installed the necessary driver itself (if your system was unable to install the driver, then install it yourself from the disk that is sold with the network card).
  • We connected a modem to this network card and .
  • We will connect a cable to the second network card of the same computer, the other end of which will be connected to the switch.
  • Connected network cables to the network cards of each computer.

  • The other ends of the cables were connected to the switch and plugged into the mains. The LEDs flashed on the monitor screens, and messages appeared that the network cable was connected.

Setting up a local network

WITH INTERNET ACCESS

Then we started setting up the local network.

  • Started with Server settings , which has direct access to the Internet. For this we choose – Start – Settings – Control Panel – Network connections .
  • First, we renamed the network card for connecting the network, so as not to be confused in the future. They named it respectfully - “ LAN" (local computing network).
  • We now have an icon called " LAN“This is a network card into which we have a local network cable connected. Let's look at the settings of our network card for the local network. To do this, right-click on the “ LANProperties ».

  • The window " LAN - properties " If you named your network card differently, then you will have a different name, only the word Properties will not change. Role, it doesn’t play any role, so you don’t have to focus on it.

  • In this window, on the tab " Are common" double-click with the left mouse button on the entry " Internet Protocol (TCP/ IP) "or select this entry and click the button below" Properties ».
  • The following window will open “ TCP/ IP) ».

  • In it, make it active (set a dot) opposite the entry “ Use nextIP-address: ».
  • We assign it to our computer, which will connect to the Internet directly via a modem IP-address: 192.168.0.1 (if you have never set up a network, then it is better to write the same as ours). The last digit must be 1 . The server must be the first on the network.
  • Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0 (dots do not need to be written anywhere). There is no need to write anything else anywhere. Save everything (press the button “ OK “).
  • Check the boxes below « When connected, display the icon in the notification area " and "Notify when there is limited or no connection ", so that you can immediately see if the cable comes loose or there is no network for some other reason. And once again we save everything.
  • We configured the network card of the first computer named “Server”. Now let's move on to setting up the network itself.
  • Select the icon " LAN ».
  • And click on the left side of Network tasks on the house icon “ Set up a home or small office network ».

  • The window “ Network Setup Wizard " Click on the button “ Further ».

  • In the next window, press the button again Further ».

  • In the next window, put a dot on the entry “ Other" and press the button " Further ».

  • In this window, set the point to “ This computer belongs to a network that does not have an Internet connection "(this makes it easier to set up the network).
  • And again press the button “ Further" The following network setup window will open, where we will be asked to give a name and description.

You don’t have to write a description, but the name should be clear to you. It's better to change it at this step. For everything to work without problems, all names must be written in English letters, and it does not matter whether they are large or small.

At first our computer was called STELLA so it writes the current name STELLA, and now we will rename it to SERVER. And again press the button “ Further“. In the next window you need to specify a work group.

You can leave the name of the working group as it is, or you can change it to something you like. This also doesn't affect anything. Press the button “ Further “.

It is better to leave everything on this page as is.

On the next page you will see all the data that you entered to configure your network. If you are not satisfied with something, you can return by clicking “ Back» and change what you need. If everything suits you, then press the button “ Further ».

In this window it is better to set the point to " Just complete the wizard… ».

Next, click the button “ Ready" and the system will prompt you to reboot. Follow this advice. We configured the network cards on the other two computers in exactly the same way. The only difference is a different name, and everyone should have the same group name (i.e. the same).

On another computer, as you can see, the name of the icon has not been changed, since there are no other icons, and it cannot be confused with anything. There is only one network card.

IN " Internet Protocol (TCP/ IP) "For the second computer we write:

IP -address: 192.168.0.2

Default Gateway: 198.162.0.1

PreferredDNS -server: 192.168.0.1

AlternativeDNS -server: we don't write anything

IN " Internet Protocol (TCP/ IP) "For the third computer we write:

IP -address: 198.162.0.3

Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0

Default Gateway: 198.162.0.1

PreferredDNS -server: 192.168.0.1

AlternativeDNS -server: we don’t write anything

Everything is the same as on the second, only IP-addresses last digit 3 .

Our network is set up. Now we configure the network card to which the modem is connected (if you already have a modem connected and the Internet is configured, then you can skip this part of the article).

Let's go again to the first computer, which was called " Server" Let's go to - Start – Control Panel – Network connections . Right-click on the network card icon “ Internet" and in the drop-down menu select " Properties ».

The window “ Internet properties " In it, on the tab “ Are common"select in the small window" Components used by this connection: » entry « Internet Protocol (TCP/ IP) " and open it either by double-clicking the mouse or by pressing the " Properties ».

In a new window that opens " Properties: Internet Protocol (TCP/ IP) "set a point on the record" Use nextIP-address: " and write:

IP-address: 192.168.1.26

Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0

Default Gateway: 192.168.1.1

(These numbers may be different for you. You can find them out by calling the technical support line from your Internet provider).

And press the button " OK ».

We find ourselves again at the window “ Internet properties " Go to the tab " Additionally ».

Check the box " Allow other network users to use this computer's Internet connection." And uncheck "Allow other network users to manage Internet connection sharing"" Click the button " OK"and reboot all computers. That's all. Now we have a network with all computers connected to the Internet.

  • Main condition: The “Server” must be turned on and connected to the Internet, even if no one is working on it yet, otherwise other computers will not be able to access the Internet.

On other computers (Clients) you only need to launch your browser (Opera or whatever you have installed).

Here is the connection diagram for our computers:

It is imperative to install an antivirus program on all computers, especially since it can be updated regularly. Enjoy the advantage of a local network.

Connecting two computers to the Internet

The settings are no different from the connection we discussed above. The only difference – this is the absence of a switch, because we simply connect one computer to another using one network cable.

By the way, from my own experience I can say that you can use the same cable as for the local network, and not twisted pair. For two computers this does not matter. But when you connect a twisted pair cable to a switch, your network will not work.

So we looked at the questions:

  • setting up local network XP,
  • connecting two computers to the Internet,
  • Internet connection sharing,

Hello, dear users. Here I have presented the material in an accessible way for those people who spend most of their time playing various computer games. But it will be useful not only for avid gamers, but also for ordinary users, who will also find something to learn for themselves. So, today you will learn everything about how you can independently organize a network via the Internet.

Not long ago I came across a rather useful program called “Hamachi”. It is with its help that our virtual one will be created via the Internet. Therefore, now I will explain to you in detail the entire operating principle of this software. So, let's assume that you wanted to play this or that game with your friend or friend. However, the application you need does not contain a function that supports this action over the World Wide Web, but only has the option of distribution over a local network. Dont be upset. This will be enough for us.

In order to play using this feature, we must have a local network via the Internet. The above-mentioned program will provide us with a network through which you can not only play with friends, but also transmit and receive any data. To do this, start by downloading this miracle to your computer. After this, you will be ready to have a local network over the Internet on your device. Once you have done this, you will need to install it on your hard drive. There is nothing complicated about this, so I will not describe this procedure.

So, the program is installed, and now we must launch it and configure it accordingly. Activate the application. You should see a big blue button in the window that appears. This is the one you should click on first. Next, you need to enter the client's name. Here your imagination has room to run wild, since nothing fundamentally will depend on what you write here.

Confirm the entered data and see the following window. There you select and click on the create a new network tab. Another window will appear in front of you, in which you will need to indicate the name of your connection. It must be entered in the line called "identifier". There is also a password field there. You don't have to enter it. But it’s still better that he exists. In this case, unwanted people will not be able to join you.

When you have filled in all the necessary data, click on the button called “Create”. This way you will have a local network via the Internet. When this operation is completed, your comrades should join you. To do this, you need to click on the button called “Connect to an existing network” in the main menu. After this, you just need to enter the desired identifier, as well as the password for the connection. This is all. Now this local network will connect computers via the Internet, which will “think” that they are in a regular “local area”. Play together, transfer data - all this is possible thanks to Hamachi.


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