Additional buttons on the keyboard. Computer Literacy Exercises


You and I have already learned. Now it's time to learn the keyboard. In order to write a letter or request to search engine Internet, we can’t do without a keyboard. In addition, if your mouse does not work, you can use the keyboard. It's enough to know a few simple commands. Real programmers and hackers don't use a mouse at all. For them, the main instrument is the keyboard. Perhaps you, too, will work like this someday, but for now we will learn the basics of working on the keyboard.

Key layout

The entire keyboard, depending on its functions, can be visually divided into several groups:

  • Function keys (F1-F12)- used to perform special tasks. If you press the same key again, the action is canceled. F1 key - opens help for the program you are currently in;
  • Alphanumeric- These are keys with letters, numbers, punctuation marks and symbols.
  • Control keys- These include keys HOME,END,PAGEU.P.PAGEDOWNDELETE And INSERT.
  • Cursor keys– used to move the cursor around documents, web pages, edit text, etc. Control keys (modifiers) (Ctrl,Alt,CapsLockWin,Fn) – used in various combinations and separately.
  • Number keys- For quick input numbers.
  • Edit keys– Backspace, Delete.

Keyboard layouts may vary slightly. Often on modern keyboards There are also multimedia keys. Such as mute/mute, volume control, go to Mailbox etc.

Keyboard key assignments

Each key performs a specific action:

  • Spacebar- the longest key on the keyboard. It is located at the very bottom in the middle. In addition to its main function, do
    space between words, it also deletes the “selected” object.
  • Esc- cancels last action(closes unnecessary windows).
  • Print Screen-takes a screenshot. This screenshot can be pasted into Word or Paint. This photograph of the screen is called a “screenshot”. This key also prints the contents of the screen.
  • Scroll Lock - serves to scroll information up and down, but this button does not work on all computers.
  • Pause/Break-suspends the current one computer process, but also – it does not work on all computers.
  • Insert- serves to print text on top of what has already been printed. If you press this key, then new text will be printed erasing the old one. To cancel this action, you must press the Insert key again.
  • Delete(on the keyboard it is often abbreviated Del) - deletion. Deletes characters located to the right side of the blinking cursor. Deletes “selected” objects (lines of text, folders, files).
  • Home- go to the beginning of the filled line.
  • End- jump to the end of the filled line.
  • Page Up- turns the page forward.
  • Page Down- turns the page back.
  • Backspace- deletes characters located to the left of the blinking cursor while typing text. And it returns to the previous page in browsers and in Explorer windows, replacing the “back” arrow in the upper left corner.
  • Tab- tab stops the cursor at a specific location on a line.
  • Caps Lock - switch between upper and lower case letters.
  • Shift- briefly pressing this key gives capital letter. In order to type a capital letter, you must first press the Shift key and hold it down while pressing the desired letter. The Shift key can be pressed both on the right and on the left, whichever is more convenient for you.
  • Alt- to switch to the opposite language (from English to Russian and vice versa) – you need to press the Alt key and without releasing it the Shift key. Pressing and holding the AltGr (right Alt) key is used to move to the second level of the keyboard.
  • Ctrl- right and left. Opens additional features programs.
  • Nut Look– includes an additional numeric keypad.
  • Enter- information input key, confirms the command “yes”, or moves to the next line.
    Cursor keys - (up), (down), (right),
    (left). Using these arrows, you can move not only through the text you are typing, but also through open pages sites and programs.

"Hotkeys

You've probably heard this expression. " Hot“They are called because when you press a combination of these keys, you can quickly call up some program or menu.

Each program has its own set of such keys. There is no need to memorize them. If you constantly work in some program, then it makes sense to memorize them. We will gradually study many of these combinations.

In many program windows, when you open any menu, next to a particular command, keyboard shortcuts are indicated for calling the same command.

Keyboard shortcuts

Typically such combinations are indicated with the sign + (plus). For example, Win+E. This means that you must first press the key Win, and then the key E.

The letters are meant to be Latin, regardless of what layout you have at the moment.

The most necessary actions on the keyboard

  • In order to switch to another language, you must press the key simultaneously Shift + Alt or Shift + Ctrl.
  • To print capital letter, you must hold down the key Shift and click on the desired letter.
  • To print all text in capital letters only, press Caps Lock and let go. And to switch back to small letters, press this key again.
  • To type a comma, you must press the key Shift and the comma key. They are usually nearby, on the right.
  • Point at English layout is located nearby, to the left of the Russian layout point.
  • To quickly call up the menu Start, you can press the key Win. It usually has a window icon (Windows logo) on it.
  • Key Fn designed for laptop. If you press it and any of the keys F1- F10 , then you can enable or disable additional functions. Usually on the keys F1- F10 there is a little icon drawn that shows what exactly this key does.

For now, this knowledge about the keyboard is enough for you. Find each key on your keyboard and try it out.

The keyboard with which we type text has quite a few keys. And each of them is needed for something. In this lesson we will talk about their purpose and learn how to use them correctly.

Here is a photo of a regular computer keyboard:

Keyboard button meanings

Esc. The full name of this key is Escape (pronounced "Escape") and it means "Exit". Using it we can close some programs. This applies to a greater extent to computer games.

F1-F12. In the same row as Esc there are several buttons whose names begin with Latin letter F. They are designed to control the computer without the help of a mouse - only with the keyboard. Thanks to them, you can open and close folders and files, change their names, copy and much more.

But knowing the meaning of each of these buttons is completely unnecessary - most people have been using computers for decades and have no idea about any of them.

Immediately below the F1-F12 keys there is a row of buttons with numbers and signs (! " " No.; % : ? *, etc.).

If you simply click on one of them, the drawn number will be printed. But to print a sign, press the Shift button along with it (bottom left or right).

If the character printed is not the one you need, try changing the language (bottom right of the screen) -

By the way, on many keyboards the numbers are also on the right side. The photo shows this part separately.

They are laid out exactly like on a calculator and are more convenient for many people.

But sometimes these numbers don’t work. You click on the desired key, but nothing is printed. This means that the numeric portion of the keyboard is turned off. To turn it on, simply press the Num Lock button once.

The most an important part keyboards are the keys that are used to type text. They are located in the center.

As a rule, each button has two letters - one foreign, the other Russian. To print a letter on required language, make sure it is selected correctly (at the bottom of the computer screen).

You can also change the language in another way - by clicking on two buttons at once: Shift And Alt or Shift And Ctrl

Win. The key that opens the Start button. Most often it is not signed, but simply drawn on it Windows icon. Located between the Ctrl and Alt buttons.

Fn. The laptop has this key - on regular keyboards As a rule, there is none. It is designed to work with special functions - increasing/decreasing brightness, volume and others.

To turn them on, you need to press the Fn key and, while holding it, press the button with necessary function. These buttons are usually located at the top - at F1-F10.

Let's say I need to increase the brightness of my laptop screen. To do this, I look for a button on the keyboard with the corresponding picture. For example, I have F6 - there is a sun drawn on it. So, I hold down the Fn key and then press F6. The screen becomes a little brighter. To increase the brightness even more, I press F6 again along with Fn.

How to print a capital letter

To print one capital letters(capital) you need to hold down the Shift key and click on the desired letter together.

How to type a period and a comma

If the Russian alphabet is installed, then in order to print point, you need to press the last key in the bottom letter row (on the right). It is located in front of the Shift button.

To print comma, press the same button while holding Shift.

When the English alphabet is selected, to print a dot you need to press the key that is located before the Russian dot. The letter "Y" is usually written on it. And the comma in the English alphabet is where the Russian letter “B” is (before the English dot).

Text decoration buttons

Tab - creates an indent at the beginning of a sentence. In other words, you can use it to make a paragraph (red line).

To do this, click the mouse at the beginning of the text and press the Tab key once. If the red line is adjusted correctly, the text will move slightly to the right.

Used for printing capital letters. Located under the Tab key.

Press Caps Lock once and release it. Try typing a word. All letters will be printed in capitals. To cancel this feature, press the Caps Lock key once again and release it. Letters, as before, will be printed small.

(space) - makes spaces between words. The longest button on the keyboard is located under the letter keys.

According to the design rules, there should be only one space between words (not three or even two). It is not correct to align or shift text using this key. Also, a space is placed only after a punctuation mark - there should be no space before a space sign (with the exception of a dash).

Delete button. It erases those letters that are printed in front of the flashing stick (cursor). It is located on the right side, immediately after the numbers/signs. Often there is no inscription on it at all, but simply an arrow drawn to the left.

The Backspace button is also used to raise text higher.

Enter - is intended to go to the next line.

Thanks to her, you can omit the text below. Enter is located under the delete text button.

Additional keys

These are keys such as Insert, Home, Page Up and Page Down, arrow buttons and others. They are located between the alphabetic and numeric keyboards. Used to work with text without using the mouse.

You can use the arrows to move the blinking cursor (flashing stick) across the text.

Delete is used to delete. True, unlike the Backspace key, it deletes letters not before, but after the blinking cursor.

The Home button moves the blinking cursor to the beginning of the line, and the End button moves it to the end.

Page Up moves the blinking cursor to the beginning of the page, and Page Down (Pg Dn) moves the blinking cursor to the end of the page.

The Insert button is needed to print text over existing text. If you click on it, new text will be printed, erasing the old one. To cancel this, you need to press the Insert key again.

The Scroll Lock key is almost always completely useless - it simply doesn't work. And in theory it should serve to scroll text up and down - just like the wheel on a computer mouse does.

Pause/Break almost never works either. In general, it is designed to suspend an ongoing computer process.

All of these buttons are optional and are rarely or never used by people.

But the button can be very useful.

She takes a photo of the screen. This image can then be inserted into Word program or Paint. On computer language This photograph of the screen is called a screenshot.

Keyboard buttons to remember

— if you press this button and, without releasing it, press another key with a letter, the letter will be printed in capital. In the same way, you can print a symbol instead of a number: No! () * ? « + etc.

— after pressing this button once, all letters will be printed in capital letters. You don't need to hold it for this. To return to printing in small letters, press Caps Lock again.

— indents (red line).

- space. Using this button you can add space between words.

- drops to a line below. To do this, you need to place a flashing stick (blinking cursor) at the beginning of the part of the text that you want to move down, and press the Enter button.

— deletes the character before the blinking cursor. In other words, it erases text. This button also moves the text up a line. To do this, you need to place a flashing stick (blinking cursor) at the beginning of the part of the text that you want to move to the top, and press Backspace.

All other keyboard buttons, except letters, numbers and symbols, are used extremely rarely or not at all.

Sometimes users encounter such a problem that part of the keyboard on their laptop does not work.

In principle, it happens that the entire keyboard does not work at once, but then, most likely, it just needs to be replaced. But if only some of the buttons stop functioning, everything is somewhat more complicated.

We will consider everything that can be done in this case independently, without the involvement of specialists.

Simple ways to solve the problem

It is not always necessary to do something difficult in order to restore functionality. Often the problem is solved quite simply.

So from the very beginning, do this:

1.Try pressing the Fn and Num Lock keys. It is possible that pressing one of them blocked some buttons on the keyboard.

2. Hold Fn and press Num Lock, then release both buttons. In some cases, this simple method allows you to get the keyboard fully operational.

3. Take a brush and go over all the buttons. It is quite possible that some dust has accumulated under one of the buttons. If possible, also take a vacuum cleaner. You can find special keyboard vacuum cleaners on the Internet. small size.

Keyboard vacuum cleaner

4. Restart your computer. In some cases, there may be some minor bug in the system that prevents certain buttons from working.

In most cases, the problem will be minor and can be fixed with one of these steps. If nothing works, move on to the next step.

Fixing a software glitch

It is quite possible that the problem is the malfunction of some programs or services. To check this option, you need to do the following:

It's best to do this in a standard way:

  • open the Start menu (Windows), then "Control Panel", find there "Device Manager";

Device Manager in Control Panel

  • open the “Keyboards” item;
  • Usually there is only one keyboard, right-click on it and select "Update drivers..."(if there are several keyboards, which is very unlikely, do the same with all of them);
  • select an item « Automatic search…» ;
  • wait until the drivers are found on the Internet, they will be installed automatically.

Updating drivers as standard the Windows way

You can also download and install the program DriverPack Solution. It allows you to scan your entire computer for the latest available drivers.

If the keyboard has incorrect (roughly speaking, “broken”) or outdated drivers, you can easily replace them. The usage of this program is as follows:

  • download the program (here is the link);
  • install it and run it;
  • An automatic scan will occur, after which just click on the “Update all” button.

DriverPack Solution Window

About other good ones similar utilities read on.

If updating and scanning drivers does not help, try rolling back the system to a time when everything worked well.

To do this you need to do this:

  • open the “Start” menu, then “All Programs”, “Accessories”;
  • after that, go to the “Service” section and click on the item "System Restore";

System Restore item in the Start menu

  • in the window that opens, click “Next”;
  • then select the desired restore point, and here they are sorted by date and time (you need to choose the one that most accurately corresponds to the time when everything was fine);

Selecting a restore point for system rollback

  • Click Next and then Finish.

In principle, it is possible to roll back the system in cases where safe mode The keyboard also doesn't work properly.

But in this case, the likelihood that it will help is very small.

Most likely, the problem is mechanical, not software, and it needs to be solved by physical intervention in the computer device.

Fixing a physical glitch

In this case, you will have to look step by step to see what could have gone wrong.

To do this, run the following actions(it is very important to adhere to the exact order in which all actions will be listed below):

1. Turn off the laptop and remove the battery.

2. Take a flat-blade screwdriver and carefully remove all the latches on the plate that holds the keyboard in place. If you don’t see any latches on your laptop, you should pick up the instructions and read what it says about the design of the keyboard and how it is removed. In any case, some kind of fastening mechanisms must be present.

The process of opening the keyboard plate latches

The keyboard plate is attached to the laptop itself using a cable. You will see it immediately.

3. So, if there is obvious damage on it, the cable should simply be removed and replaced with a new one. To do this, take an old cable, go to the nearest electronics store and buy the same one.

Keyboard cable

4. If the cable is not damaged, it still needs to be removed. Under no circumstances should you take the cable by the conductors! You can only handle those plastic parts that attach it to the . For clarity, Figure 10 shows those parts that can be handled and those that cannot be handled. True, keyboards usually use slightly different cables.

5. There, under the keyboard plate, you can find the microcontroller. It's necessary dry and try to remove dust using a vacuum cleaner.

It is quite difficult to explain how to find this microcontroller. To put it simply, this is exactly the device to which the cable is attached. Just in case, when removing the keyboard, go through all the controllers you see. You won’t be able to do anything else on your own without special knowledge. Again, if you see obvious damage to the microcontroller, it is best to replace it.

Laptop with with the keyboard removed

6. If everything is fine with the cable, you will have to disconnect the keys and clean them. Usually the button can be removed in the standard way - pry it off with the same flat-head screwdriver. Start with the problem buttons. If you see damage underneath, replace the elements that secure the button to the laptop.

The process of removing buttons from the keyboard

7. Try using the keyboard again.

If the problem persists, remove all the buttons and remove the aluminum plate that is located under them. Usually it also has special fastenings that can be removed quite easily.

But underneath it is hidden a polyethylene board with traces drawn on it.

Inspect it for obvious damage - if there is any, there are two options: draw new paths or buy new board. In any case, go over the board with a vacuum cleaner.

To check the integrity of the tracks, use a tester.

Part of the keyboard on a laptop does not work: what to do and how to fix it - a detailed guide

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There are keys on a laptop keyboard, or rather designations on the keys, the meaning of which is incomprehensible to a beginner. In this lesson I want to explain the meaning of such notations. If you look at a laptop keyboard, you will certainly see a key on it "Fn", it is usually located in the lower left corner of the keyboard. Inscription "Fn" usually highlighted in blue or surrounded by a white frame, depending on the laptop model. In addition, if you look closely, you can see the icons on the keyboard are also highlighted in blue or surrounded by a white frame. As you probably already guessed, between the keys with these icons and the key "Fn" there is a connection.

The "Fn" key (pronounced "Funkshin"), in combination with keys with blue icons or white borders, causes the computer to perform a specific action. On different models laptops these icons are assigned to different keys, so I’ll describe the actions in pictures so as not to get tied to a specific key combination. Here is a list of such combinations and corresponding actions:

"Fn"+ — call help using a keyboard shortcut.

"Fn"+ — call up energy consumption settings.

"Fn"+ — turn BlueTooth on/off.

"Fn"+ — enable/disable sleep mode.

"Fn"+ - if an external display (monitor or TV) is connected to the laptop, then using this key combination you can switch display modes: to the laptop display, to an external display, or simultaneously to the laptop display and an external display.

"Fn"+ - turns off the laptop monitor to save energy.

"Fn"+ — turn on/off TouchPada (the device on which you move your finger to move the cursor. Replaces the mouse).


With this key combination I have interesting story. A friend of mine had been using a laptop for over a year and once during a meeting he asked me to help figure out why the Touchpad wasn’t working, i.e. He couldn't work on his laptop without a mouse for a whole year!
Without hesitation, I pressed this key combination - turned on the Touchpad and everything worked. He was very surprised because... I thought that the Touchpad was simply broken :)

"Fn"+ — turn on/off sound.

"Fn"+ — enable/disable numeric keypad mode. Those. If this mode is enabled, then when you press keys that have blue number icons or numbers surrounded by a white frame, the corresponding numbers will be displayed (like on a calculator).

If you are interested how to turn on a calculator on a laptop, then it is done like this. Start menu - all programs - standard - calculator.

I also have an interesting story with this key combination. One day, an acquaintance called me and said that on his laptop, one half of the keyboard (the left) works fine, but the other half (the right) for some reason prints numbers, and no matter what he did, he couldn’t fix it. As you already understand, the issue was resolved in 5 seconds - I told him about this key combination, and everything fell into place. How he turned on the mode for working with numbers remains a mystery :)

"Fn"+ — turn on/off the screen moving mode. Currently it only works in Excel.

"Fn"+ — number 7 when NumLk mode is on.

"Fn"+ — number 8 when NumLk mode is on.

"Fn"+ — number 9 when NumLk mode is on.

"Fn"+ — “/” symbol when NumLk mode is enabled.

"Fn"+ — number 4 when NumLk mode is on.

"Fn"+ — number 5 when NumLk mode is on.

"Fn"+ — number 6 when NumLk mode is on.

"Fn"+ — “*” symbol when NumLk mode is enabled.

"Fn"+ — number 1 when NumLk mode is on.

"Fn"+ — number 2 when NumLk mode is on.

"Fn"+ — number 3 when NumLk mode is on.

"Fn"+ — “-” symbol when NumLk mode is enabled.

"Fn"+ — digit 0 when NumLk mode is on.

"Fn"+ — “+” symbol when NumLk mode is enabled.

"Fn"+ — increase monitor brightness.

"Fn"+ — reduce the brightness of the monitor.

"Fn"+ — increase the sound.

"Fn"+ — reduce the sound.

In this lesson I want to tell you about the purpose of keys, when you look at them it is not immediately clear what should happen when you press them. This, of course, is not literal number keys, everything is clear with them - what is drawn will be displayed when clicked. True, on some alphanumeric keys, three characters are drawn, and it is also not immediately clear how to display any of them. I will also tell you in this lesson how, using which keys and in which mode to display each of the symbols drawn on the key.

Let's take a look at a regular keyboard.


I highlighted in red the keys with which everything is more or less clear; these are symbolic keys (letters, numbers, signs). The only thing I will dwell on in more detail in terms of these keys is how to display all the symbols drawn on these keys, but a little lower.

But the meaning of the keys highlighted in blue is most likely not clear to beginners. And so now I will describe the meaning of each such key separately.

I'll start from the top left corner.

"Esc" key. Reads like "Escape".


This key usually CANCELS an action. For example, if you right-click on the desktop and open the screen properties window, then pressing the “Esc” key will instantly close this window. In any game, pressing the “Esc” key will most likely exit to the game menu, and if you press this key again, the game will continue. In any browser ( Internet Explorer, Opera, FireFox, etc.), when entering the address of a site, pressing the “Esc” key will return you to the original address value, to the address home page. And so on.


Just remember - THE "Esc" KEY CANCELS THE PREVIOUS ACTION!

Keys "F1-F12".


This function keys, i.e. when you press these keys

SOME ACTION IS HAPPENING

IN different programs these actions are different. Typically these keys are used as hot keys or in combination with other keys. For example, in most programs, the “F1” key is a call for help, help.


The key combination “Alt+F4” in Windows closes the current window. In any browser, the “F5” key is a page refresh.

"Print Screen/SysRq" key. Reads like "Print Screen".


Using this key you can do

SCREENSHOT

Those. in fact, when you press this button, no visible actions does not happen, but in fact, the picture of the photographed screen ends up in memory (clipboard), from where it can then be retrieved by pasting it into any graphic editor, such as "Paint" or "Photoshop". By the way, if you press this key together with the “Alt” key (highlighted green), i.e. “Alt+PrintScreen”, then not the entire screen will be photographed, but only the active window!

Scroll Lock key. Read as "Scroll Lock".


The essence of the action of this button is that when this button is turned on (this is indicated by the corresponding indicator light), using the cursor keys (arrow keys, Page Up, Page Down) you can move the screen image, not the cursor. In general, I found the use of this button only in ExcelE, where it really works.

Pause/Break key.


Usually, from the moment you turn on your computer until Windows loads, you only have time to see the splash screen on the screen. booting Windows. But in fact, at the time of boot, some information about the system is displayed on the screen (the presence random access memory, hard drive capacity, etc.), so that

HAVE TIME TO SEE

For this information, you need to press the “PAUSE” button; to continue, you can press any button. In general, this button in combination with the “Ctrl” key was actively used at one time in DOS applications for

INTERRUPTS

program operation. Now the function of this button is performed by the TASK MANAGER.

Num Lock key.


This key

INCLUDES NUMERIC KEYPAD

Located on the right side of the keyboard. If this key is turned on (as indicated by the indicator light), then the numeric keypad will work like a calculator, i.e. When pressed, numbers will be displayed.

If this key is turned off (the indicator is not lit), then the number keys will work in a different mode. The “1” and “7” keys will work like the “End” and “Home” keys - moving the cursor to the end and beginning of the line. The “3” and “9” keys will work as the “Page Up” and “Page Down” keys - moving the cursor one screen up and down. The keys “2”, “4”, “8”, “6” will work as arrow keys, i.e. in cursor control mode.

In addition, if you set SPECIAL FEATURES for the mouse in the CONTROL PANEL, then when the “Num look” key is turned off, you can control the mouse cursor using the keys “4” - left, “6” - right, “8” - up, “2” - down.

"Page Up" and "Page Down" keys.


Using these keys you can scroll up and down the screen. Keys highlighted in blue only work if the Num Lock key is turned off (the indicator is off). These keys can and should be used in any text editors, any browsers, in general, anywhere where information does not fit on one screen in height.

Home and End keys.


Using these keys, the cursor moves to the beginning (Home key) and the end (End key) of the line. Or to the beginning and end of the list (in Explorer). Keys highlighted in blue only work if the Num Lock key is turned off (the indicator is off).

By the way, if you press the “Home” key together with the “Ctrl” key (highlighted in green), you will go directly to the first (topmost) page. And if you press the “End” key together with the “Ctrl” key, the transition will be carried out immediately to the last (bottom-most) page.

"Insert" or "Ins" key.


The "Insert" key switches between INSERT and REPLACE modes. In mode

INSERTS

If you type between two words, the right word will move to the right and new text will be inserted after the left word. Like this: “left” “center” “right” - I inserted the word “center” between the words “left” and “right”. And in mode

REPLACEMENTS

the right word will be overwritten - replaced by the inserted word.


Like this: “left” “center”, i.e. the word “right” will be completely erased.


Sometimes you just want to disable this key, because... When typing text in WordE, you can accidentally click on this button and turn on the replacement mode, and at the moment of editing the already typed text you don’t notice how what you typed is overwritten. Therefore, I recommend that you sometimes pay attention to the status bar in WordE, there is an indication of the “Insert” key. In addition, in WordE you can disable this key altogether, but this is not covered in this lesson.

This key is also used in combination with the “Ctrl” and “Shift” keys (highlighted in green).


Key combination “Ctrl+Insert” - copying selected text. Same as “Ctrl+C”.


Key combination “Shift + Insert” - inserts selected text. Same as “Ctrl+V”.

"Delete" or "Del" key.


Using the "Delete" key you can

DELETE

one character to the right in any text. Or delete all selected text. Or delete a file or folder. By the way, if you delete a file using the “Shift+Delete” key combination (the “Shift” keys are highlighted in green), the file will be deleted bypassing the trash can, i.e. it will no longer be possible to restore it from the recycle bin.

The key highlighted in blue only works if the Num Lock key is turned off (the indicator is off).

In addition, the "Del" key is used in combination with the "Ctrl" and "Alt" keys (highlighted in green). When you press the key combination “Ctrl+Alt+Del”, the “Task Manager” will open.

Cursor keys - arrows.


Using these keys

CURSOR MOVES

The cursor is a blinking vertical bar in text editors or a highlighted rectangle in any file manager.

Keys highlighted in blue only work if the Num Lock key is turned off (the indicator is off).

The cursor keys can be used in combination with the Shift and Ctrl keys (highlighted in green). This is especially useful in text editors.

The key combination “Shift+right/left arrow” - selects one character from the right/left.


The key combination “Ctrl + right/left arrow” - moves the cursor one word to the right/left.

The key combination “Shift+up/down arrow” - selects one line up/down.


The key combination “Ctrl + up/down arrow” - moves the cursor one paragraph/line up/down.

BackSpace or Left Arrow key. Reads like "Backspace".


With this key you can

DELETE

one character to the left or the entire selected text.


IN file managers This button is used to move up one level (one folder). In photo viewing programs - go back one photo.

Key combination “Alt+BackSpacr” - cancel previous action. Same as “Ctrl+Z”.

Enter key. Read as "Enter".


There are two Enter keys on the keyboard. If you often work with numbers numeric keypad, then I recommend that you use the “Enter” key, which is located on the right, lower part of the keyboard.

The Enter key is used to

CONFIRMATIONS

any actions, to open files, to launch programs, to move to a new line.

Shift keys. Read as "Shift".


Shift key is used

TO SWITCH REGISTER

characters. Those. if the "Shift" key is pressed, then the letters will be printed in capitals. Like this: SHIFT KEY.

Additionally, the Shift key is often used in combination with the Ctrl and Alt keys. For example, the key combinations “Ctrl+Shift” or “Alt+Shift” switch the keyboard layout.

"Ctrl" keys. Read as "Control".
Alt keys. Read as "Alt".


I combined the meanings of these keys because... they really are the same. These keys are used

TO EXPAND FUNCTIONALITY

other keys, i.e. "Ctrl" and "Alt" keys are used

IN COMBINATIONS

with other keys to perform any actions.

"Context menu" key.


Using this key

THE CONTEXT MENU IS CALLED

Exactly the same as if you pressed RIGHT button mice. The menu will correspond to the program you are working in, i.e. active program. Or if you press this button while on the “Desktop”, a menu corresponding to the active element of the Desktop will open.

Windows or Win key.


Pressing this key opens the main Windows menu- “START” button menu.


In addition, this key is used in Windows in combination with other keys, making it easier and faster to launch any programs or perform any actions.

For example, the key combination “Win+D” minimizes all windows.


Key combination “Win+E” - launch “Explorer”. And so on. I will make a separate lesson about key combinations.

Spacebar key.


This key is used

FOR SEPARATION

between themselves symbols, words, i.e. to insert a space character - indent.

By the way, if replace mode is enabled (using the “Insert” key), the “Space” key works like the “Delete” key, i.e. erases the character on the right.

Sometimes the Spacebar is used to confirm some action, i.e. like the Enter key.

Caps Lock key. Pronounced "Caps Lock".


The "Caps Lock" key is used in the same way as "Shift"

TO SWITCH REGISTER

characters. Those. If the Caps Lock key is turned on (the corresponding indicator is lit), then the letters will be printed in capitals. Like this: CAPS LOCK KEY.

Tab key. Reads like "Tab".


Using this key you can create a “red line” in text editors, i.e. When you press this button, several space characters are inserted at once.

Using this button you can bypass all contextual elements of the active window. This can be useful when the mouse suddenly stops working or is not there at all for some reason. To make it clearer, go to Explorer and press the “Tab” key, you will see how the cursor jumps from one context element another.

The Tab key is also used in combination with the Alt key to switch tasks in Windows.

Now, as I promised, I’ll tell you how to display all the symbols drawn on a key.

For example, I’ll take the “?” key located near the right “Shift” key.




There are already four characters per key. The secret is in the “Shift” key and the keyboard layout.


Those. to display "." (dots) the Russian keyboard layout must be enabled.


To display “,” (comma), you need to press this key together with the “Shift” key in the Russian keyboard layout.


To display “/” (slash), you need to switch to the English layout and press this key. To display "?" (question mark) you need to press this key together with the “Shift” key in the English layout. That's the whole secret.

The same goes for other keys that have several symbols on them. For some special national symbols, you need to switch to the national layout accordingly.


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