What is the problem with the computer. Options for troubleshooting computer problems
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General issues
The computer slows down and freezes. What to do?
There are many reasons for a computer to slow down. To begin with, we should exclude the most obvious ones - we check for viruses using.
Also make sure you have the latest drivers installed. For example, if games slow down, then perhaps the reason is in the video driver. I talked in detail about the drivers
The reason for the brakes may also be running programs. I advise you to clean your startup. Also pay attention to the lower right corner of the screen - near the clock there are icons of some running programs, close them.
Another good tip for speeding up your computer is.
The program throws an error. How to fix it?
A very common question. Unfortunately, users do not understand that the question is not addressed to a telepath. When asked Necessarily you must indicate the verbatim text of the error, actions that led to the error, version installed operating system.
Typically, searching for the text of the error on Google will yield several solutions to the problem.
How to speed up your computer?
The tips are the same as when slowing down a computer. There are several articles on my website dedicated to.
Are there programs to speed up your computer?
Answer - No. There is only a set that allows the full potential of the computer's computing power to be revealed. All kinds of accelerators are, if not a lie, then obvious deceit. There are no miracles. To make your computer run faster, install faster components.
The computer restarts while playing games. What to do?
There are many reasons. The most common:
- Overheating -
- Incorrectly working driver (about reinstalling the driver).
- Hardware problem. It can be detected by inserting the video card into another computer - if there is a reboot, the reason is that the video card is broken. Or, again, it's overheating, so check for overheating first.
The computer restarts on its own. How to solve this problem?
The most likely reason is BSOD. What is it and how to solve it, read
It could also be overheating (see question above).
Less common reasons for a computer to shut down spontaneously:
- short circuit of any connectors;
- a loose cord running from the outlet to the system unit;
- lack of grounding (yes, in addition to the phase and neutral available in the sockets, it is highly advisable to connect a normal ground to the computer);
- voltage surges in the electrical network (a stabilizer is needed);
- faulty power supply or motherboard.
The latter is difficult to diagnose at home. If you have ruled out all other causes, take it to a service center for diagnostics.
The computer shows a blue screen with white text. What is this?
The computer is overheating. What to do?
What to do if there is no sound?
Most likely, the driver for the sound card is not installed. My installation advice is
Administrator rights are required to copy files to a flash drive. What to do?
The easiest way is to format the flash drive in FAT32 and the problem will disappear. When you need to transfer files larger than 4 GB each to a flash drive - .
Windows-related issues
How to install Windows 8?
Where to download Windows 8?
How to install Windows 7?
Where to download Windows 7?
How much RAM does Windows 7 need?
Minimum - 512 MB. Of course, the more, the better. Learn more about Windows 7 system requirements
How to create a USB flash drive with Windows installation?
To install Windows from a flash drive, you need to prepare it. The instructions apply to both Windows 7 and Windows 8.
How to boot from a boot disk or flash drive?
How to install two or more Windows on one computer?
You need to install Windows on different hard drive partitions or different hard drives. Read more about this There are a lot of instructions on this topic on the Internet.
What to do if Windows updates won't download?
Usually an error code is reported. Type it into Google - most likely there is already a solution.
Virus protection, security
Where can I download a free antivirus?
Programs
Where can I download interesting programs?
A list of convenient program directories is located
Which programs can be removed and which cannot?
It all depends on the needs - both yours and the laptops. Come in Control Panel - Programs and Features, see the list. If any of the installed programs is unknown to you, type its name into Google or Yandex. Knowing its purpose, you can decide whether to delete it or not.
How to clean your computer from unnecessary files?
There is a good program for this.
The program requires administrator rights. What to do?
Right-click on the program shortcut/file - Run as administrator. Why is this necessary and how to simplify it, it is written
The virus deleted files from the flash drive. How to recover?
The easiest way is using a free program. However, it is quite possible that the files were not deleted, but were simply hidden. How to “return” them and how to simplify this process, I told in.
How to format a flash drive?
Browsers
Websites in Google Chrome require you to update Flash Player, although the latest one is already installed. What to do?
Open the page chrome://plugins/, click on the right More details, then disable all Flash Players except the newest version (you will see by the numbers which version is the latest).
Linux Questions
Should I try installing Linux?
In my opinion, this is more than necessary. Even if not a single distribution from the Linux family suits you (Ubuntu, Kubuntu, Mint, Mandriva, Debian, Fedora, ALT Linux, etc.), you will gain experience and your own opinion.
There are many distributions (assemblies, in other words) of Linux. Most often, novice users choose a distribution that is not suitable for their tasks, end up with a negative opinion and forget about Linux as if it were a bad dream. In fact, there are a great many distributions for a wide range of tasks. Distributions differ in literally everything - from the kernel version to the set of installed programs. Externally, the interface also varies greatly due to different “desktop environments”: some like Gnome, others KDE, others XFCE or Openbox, IceWM...
OpenSUSE is a very good Linux distribution. First of all, I would like to note a very flexible installation program, thanks to which you can install only those programs that you need and discard unnecessary ones. Of course, nothing prevents you from installing (or uninstalling) programs in any version of Linux after installation, but this is essentially a waste of time. The OpenSUSE installer thus saves time. You can download OpenSUSE from the download page.
How to install Linux with Windows?
On the one hand, there is nothing complicated there - just create free space on your hard drive, as I described here, then specify this location for installation to the Linux installer. On the other hand, there are plenty of pitfalls - either the installation program will come across with errors, or it will be too incomprehensible, or something else... Therefore, I recommend reading - using Ubuntu as an example, you can install any Linux distributions.
opportunities to eliminate
computer problems
Theme for computers and laptops,
with Windows OS installed.
I’ll say right away that under computer problems – I have
due to a problem with Windows OS. And not purely technical issues. When something burns out, breaks or breaks.
When problems arise in Windows OS, the system itself
and corrects. With your help. You only need to know -
where to find these opportunities.
And if after turning on the computer, Windows generally
not loading - you can paste recovery disk
systems into the drive and, since the disc contains tools
system restore, the computer will resume operation.
Topics on this page
Diagnose and prevent computer problems
Diagnosis and prevention
problems on the computer
The path to solving problems on your computer is Start → Panel
management → in the “System and Security” section, select
"Finding and fixing problems." The following window will open.
In this window you can find solutions to those problems
that are available on your computer.
In the "Hardware and Sound" section - you can
troubleshoot hardware and sound problems.
On the “Device Settings” button – you can troubleshoot problems
with all devices connected to your computer.
Click on the “Device Settings” button – a tab will open
"Diagnostics and prevention of computer problems."
In this tab you need to click the “Next” button at the bottom
and in the next tab troubleshooting will begin.
When the search for problems ends - the system
can show you such a window.
Of course, the system requests this permission on condition that
that you will find a problem similar to mine.
If there is no similar problem, then
final window with diagnostics.
This window shows what problems
the system was unable to automatically correct.
If there are no uncorrected problems, then the program will simply
will notify you when troubleshooting is complete.
In the same way as with the “Device Setup” button described above,
from, solve problems, if they exist, with the operation of the printer, with sound recording, and with sound playback.
About troubleshooting mouse problems -
What to do if the keyboard stops working -
On my laptop, on which I mainly work, it is installed
OS version Windows 7 (Start). It's cut down nicely. This may be why the system was unable to fix the two problems automatically.
In addition, the AMD driver, which “in accordance with the parameters of the Center
Windows updates never install" - fails on many
computers. This is the weak link in Windows. But for now the system itself
“successfully restores” its operation - I change this driver
I do not plan. Such problems don't bother me much.
The second point in my unresolved problems is the change
equipment configurations. It's me myself updated mouse configuration .
After this update, the mouse began to work much better.
It’s quite natural that I don’t consider this a problem.
All methods of system recovery on a computer
All methods
system recovery
If a serious problem remains unresolved, then you can
, click on the “View additional options” button.
You can, in a new window, select Help to read
details about the problems in the “Device” category. Or any other button
in this window. But the most decisive (problem) button is “Recovery”.
Click on the button; “Recovery” - this window will open.
You can also access this window in another way:
Start → Control Panel → under “System and Security”
Select "Find and fix problems."
At the bottom of the left column is the “Recovery” button.
Click and the same window will open.
In this window there are two buttons for system recovery.
The first one, which is recommended to be used first, is
"Start System Restore." This elimination option
problems that slow down or block your computer.
And programs and drivers that
If you set it yourself, you will have to sacrifice.
Although, if these are some free applications
(such as browsers) or drivers - they can be downloaded again.
But don't forget
.
22/08/2015 12:13
The most common problem of any user is a slow computer. But if there wasn’t enough power initially, that’s one thing. But what if suddenly during operation the programs began to openly freeze and slow down? How to understand what exactly causes such an unpleasant effect?
In fact, there are many reasons why the system is slower. Let's look at the most common ones and methods of dealing with them at home. First, we will list these problems, and then we will try to understand how to deal with them.
So, the slowdown can be caused by:
Of course, not all possible reasons for system slowdown are listed here. True, other options are relatively rare and are known only to specialists. But first you need to understand the above points. There is a 98% probability that this will return the former agility to the higher system.
Virus attack
Problem
This is one of the most common and most dangerous reasons for a decrease in system speed. Even the latest modern antivirus software does not always cope with it.The existence of viruses can be indicated by indirect signs, such as:
- system freezes during operation;
- pop-up error messages;
- the appearance of intrusive advertising when browsing the Internet;
- the time it takes to turn on the computer increases;
- certain programs do not open or have stopped running;
- the task manager stopped opening using the combination;
- The manager shows increased (up to 100%) processor load when applications are turned off.
Solution
If an infection is suspected, a number of safety procedures must be taken:- update the antivirus database (if installed);
- check for viruses with another antivirus application or scanner;
- download and install the latest version of the scanner (). If, after scanning, an indication of the presence of malware, scanners, Trojans, etc. appears, select Treatment/Removal.
- If the antivirus is not installed, you can download the latest version.
- Connect the firewall (aka firewall) built into the OS. Configure it in such a way that it allows only certain, predefined programs (browsers) to access the network. And for any others, the network connection was limited. The combination of a firewall and an antivirus program provides good protection against most attacks.
Most often, viruses, scanners and other malware are placed on adult sites. When visiting them, try to be more careful about what you click on. Do not download updates on such sites; in particular, viruses are most often hidden under the offer to “update the flash player.”
System disk full
Problem
The C:\ drive, or system drive, suddenly becomes so full that there is absolutely no free space left on it. As a result, there is no free space even for service files that ensure the operation of the system. Unfortunately, this situation happens quite often. As a result, the system is forced to spend a lot of time freeing up the required space in tiny portions and processing these “pieces” in turn.This problem occurs when the update mode and save points (backups) of the system itself are incorrectly configured, when insufficient space is allocated for the C:\ drive, when unnecessary temporary files are untimely deleted, and so on. If there is no disk space left, the system begins to slow down very significantly.
Solution
- remove unnecessary programs;
- clear the desktop (its data is also stored on the C:\ drive);
- Empty trash;
- delete temporary files. It's best to use the program;
Braking due to overheating
Problem
This problem is not only common, but also poses a significant danger. The computer may not just stop, but even fail altogether. And at the same time, you risk losing all the information it contains.Determining that overheating is to blame is quite simple. If at the beginning of the day everything works quickly and flies, and when you launch additional programs or games in the middle of the day it suddenly starts to reboot or slow down, then most likely (95%) we are talking about overheating.
Solution
Special programs will help you signal about overheating of your hard drive, video card, chipset or processor. You can download and install them for free (this is, for example);It is necessary to open the system unit and clean it from dust with a vacuum cleaner (or brush). Dust creates an excellent heat-insulating cushion on heat exchangers and can even damage processor and video card fans (coolers). And deteriorated heat transfer causes overheating and disruption of the system elements;
Once every couple of years, it is worth updating the thermal paste, which is applied to ensure better heat exchange between the active (heating) elements and cooling radiators. This is especially true if sensors show a regular increase in the temperature of the video card, chipset or processor.
Hard drive problems
Problem
It is unfortunate, but computer hard drives have their own lifespan and their resource is eventually exhausted. We are talking about the limited life cycle of the disk.The speed of the system largely (about 70%) depends on access to the hard drive. You can make a system from a 2-core processor with good performance, several gigabytes of RAM, and a good video card. But by saving on the hard drive, we get slowdown of all this gorgeous hardware.
The point is in the principle of operation of the hard drive. The hard drive is mechanically a multilayer “sandwich” of thin layers, each of which is software divided into sectors. When making a request for information located in a specific sector, the controller requires a response. And if there is no answer, the sector is placed in memory as broken (broken). Gradually, during the work process, the number of such sectors accumulates.
Solution
This problem can also be solved. To do this, you need to periodically carry out the following work:- Disks should be defragmented monthly;
- if you suspect that the hard drive has started to work worse, use a special tool to check and restore it (for example, using);
- try not to expose the hard drive to physical stress, especially during operation. Do not knock on the system unit or table when the laptop is on it.
- When cleaning your computer from dust, also clean the hard drive; it can also overheat.
Not enough RAM
Problem
Sometimes the reason why programs or games slow down is trivial - the system simply does not have enough memory at its disposal. New programs often require more resources that the old computer cannot provide.To see how much memory is used, it is best to enter the task manager (ctr+alt+del) and examine the “Processes” and “Performance” tabs.
Solution
There is only one solution to the problem - increase the amount of memory. Alas, this is not always easy to do. Especially for an old computer, the components for which have been discontinued. And the line of old-style memory (DDR) costs significantly more than the new one.And if you want to install more modern memory, you will have to change both the motherboard and the processor. And at the same time a video card. Therefore, such repairs are equivalent to buying a new computer.
Another solution we can recommend is to take a close look at the processes that are using up memory. Among them you can find non-urgent, useless and even harmful ones (for example, the same viruses).
Low-power processor
Problem
The problem is much the same as the previous one. The processor power is simply not enough to complete the tasks. Most often this occurs when working on the Internet (browser) or when watching high-resolution videos.To estimate the processor load, you should also call the task manager (“ ctr+alt+del") and evaluate the "Processes" and "Performance" tabs.
Solution
Unfortunately, there is only one solution - to purchase and install a more powerful processor.Many programs are running at startup
Problem
During work, you often have to install various programs. But at the same time, not everyone pays attention to the fact that when installing programs, there are checkboxes that install them in startup. And that they turn on automatically when the computer starts.This is not always a bad thing, but if you are not careful, it can cause certain difficulties, since each of the programs diverts part of the system’s capacity.
The average user rarely looks into the startup file configuration in order to remove programs from there that are not needed in their work constantly and daily. But in vain. With the help of such a simple action, you can significantly (by several times) reduce the boot time of your computer and increase the speed of the system.
Solution
Open the “system configuration” section, find the “Startup” tab and simply uncheck programs that are not vital.If you have difficulty logging into this section, just click " Start" And " Execute"(Windows 7 or XP), and in the "Search programs and files" field, enter the name msconfig and click "OK".
Often, office applications, Java, Winamp, messengers of various types, and so on act as unnecessary applications.
The registry is full of garbage
Problem
For the average user, the registry is the most mysterious and little-known area of the system. In fact, the parameters of all installed applications are written there. And if they are removed incorrectly, entries about these applications remain in the registry.Although the volume of such entries in itself is small, the system accesses the registry every time, and the time of such access (especially if it does not find the programs specified there) turns out to be indecently prolonged.
Solution
You need to clean the registry using a special utility. Eg, . There is no need to do this manually.Slowdown when using the browser
Problem
This problem often occurs when launching several (or several dozen) tabs in the browser at the same time - for example, in search mode. Or when viewing HD video files over the network.It should also be taken into account that each such tab launches a separate process, which takes up part of the processor power and the amount of RAM.
Solution
If your computer slows down while working online, open the task manager. Pay attention to which process requires the most system resources. It may turn out that this is some kind of hanging script or application launched by the browser.Also, freezing when working with the browser can be caused by a cache overflow. It also needs to be cleaned periodically.
If the slowdown is caused by watching high-quality videos, then this may be due to low processor performance. In this case, only replacing it will save you.
Results
As you can see, there can be many reasons for a computer to slow down. Following the recommendations given will help in most cases, but if all else fails, contact the workshop, and qualified technicians will help you deal with any problem.You may have already decided that the computer problem you are facing cannot be fixed by your own hands, or at least is not worth spending your time on. Naturally, every person may have prejudices, and such people will not touch the computer, entrusting everything to a specialist - nothing can be done about it. But if you are in doubt, it is recommended that you first look at the problem yourself - this will help you save time, nerves and money. Before you call tech support or go to an appliance repair store, you should still try your hand at troubleshooting. Anyone who has worked with computers for any length of time can tell you that there are extremely simple things that would cut into the profits of repair shops and computer specialists incredibly if people noticed them on their own. You can save hundreds of dollars, as well as a corresponding amount of your nerves and your precious time, if you follow the tips described below. There you will find a few simple steps that you should perform every time you feel like it’s time to call a technician or take your computer to a repair shop.
Restarting the computer
Everyone knows the joke that technical support suggests that all customers with problems with their computer try turning it off and on again. But there is some truth in every joke, so you definitely shouldn't ignore this extremely simple, but sometimes incredibly useful step. Many experts who are called to your home to fix computers listen to long stories about what exactly is wrong, and then simply reboot the computer and all the problems go away. And that doesn't mean they have a magic touch - it's just that many computers can experience temporary problems that are resolved by a simple reboot, which clears memory and restarts processes. Make sure you restart your computer before calling a professional to fix it. And the problem, quite possibly, will simply disappear.
Clearing your web browser cache
There is another joke that has appeared recently - it says that clearing the browser cache, which stores data about the pages you visit on your hard drive, can solve all problems related to the Internet. Naturally, this is an exaggeration - clearing the cache will not solve every problem, but this process can help in many situations. Clearing the cache is an extremely simple process, and every web browser has the option to do so, even if you have to go through several menu options to do it. And if you have any problems with the Internet, with your web browser, or with displaying certain pages, clear the cache before contacting a specialist.
Virus scanning
Naturally, scanning computers with an antivirus is the first idea that comes to the mind of every person who notices viruses on their computer. However, unfortunately, viruses very rarely reveal their presence explicitly. It's great if your antivirus program alerts you to the presence of a threat, but it doesn't always detect the threat. Very often, viruses manifest themselves in computer sluggishness, random error messages, windows freezing, and so on. Therefore, do not rely entirely on real-time protection - if you have problems, update your antivirus databases and run a full scan to identify absolutely all possible hidden threats.
Reinstalling the program
A large number of computer problems come from software. This means that problems only occur when opening, closing and using certain software. This type of problem may make you think that your entire computer needs repair, especially if you use a particular program frequently, but in fact the solution is quite simple - reinstalling that program. Reinstallation means removing the program completely (including from the computer registry), and then reinstalling it from scratch. So if you suspect that your computer problem is coming from software, then you should try the reinstallation method.
Removing browser cookies
The browser saves these files on your computer’s hard drive (like the cache discussed above) to make it more convenient for you to explore the Internet. So if you have problems logging into some sites, or a large number of error messages appear when surfing the Internet, first clear your cookies, and then contact a specialist if this method does not help.
conclusions
So, which of these steps above can you not do on your own? Which one will take you more than two minutes? All of them are extremely primitive and accessible to everyone, so if you just know about their existence, you can greatly make your life easier, reduce costs, save time and save your nerves. You should always remember that you are capable of fixing your own computer in most cases, and you don’t need to be a computer genius or a certified specialist to do this. You just need to remember a couple of simple steps that solve at least half of the existing current problems with computer technology.
04.11.2014
The article will help solve the most common PC problems that arise during operation, such as BSOD, accidentally deleted files, system slowdown and many others.
LINCOLN SPECTOR. TOP 10 FIXES for COMMON PC PROBLEMS. PCWorld, August 2014.
1. Blue Screen of Death error
Task. You're working on an important project, and suddenly everything disappears from the screen and all that's left is strange white text on a blue background. If this is an isolated incident, it is usually enough to restart your computer and hope for the best. If such a screen appears before your eyes quite often, it means that you are faced with some kind of problem that requires your intervention.
Solution.
Microsoft calls such situations “stop errors,” but most users prefer a more understandable designation: “Blue Screen of Death” (BSoD).
In new versions of the operating system, errors of this kind do not occur often, but from time to time you still see a blue screen of death in front of you (I personally saw it no more than two days ago). When this happens, as a rule, it is enough to reboot and hope for the best in the future. But if such errors occur regularly, it means that there is some problem with the computer that needs to be solved.
In this case, it makes sense to look for information about a specific BSoD screen, and then - since it is quite difficult to extract rational grain from this information - turn to the Internet in search of practical advice.
What to do when a blue screen of death appears before your eyes? Useful information is provided in the first paragraph and under the Technical information heading at the bottom of the screen.
Since the Windows tool that allows you to take instant screenshots cannot be used when a BSoD error occurs, you will have to write down all the important information on paper. You can also take a photo of the screen with a camera or phone. But it’s unlikely that you’ll get a good (or even easily readable) picture.
You can also get BSoD information after a reboot. If you see the message Windows has recovered from an unexpected shutdown, consider yourself lucky. You can click the Check for solution button, but this is unlikely to help you much.
After a reboot, the free Blue Screen View program also allows you to obtain the necessary information.
However, no matter what method you choose, you most likely cannot do without an Internet search engine. If this doesn't help, try the following:
Check the performance of the RAM using the Memtest 86+ program;
Update your drivers using Slim Drivers;
Run diagnostics on your hard drive using HD Tune.
2. Recover deleted files
Task. Literally just now they were before your eyes, and now there is no trace of them. This happens with files sometimes. And where to look for them now? Are you sure there is no backup copy left anywhere?
Solution. Deleted files can most often be recovered, if, of course, you realize it in time. But with each subsequent write to disk, the probability of a successful outcome decreases. Therefore, try to access your computer as little as possible until the files are restored, otherwise you risk depriving yourself of your last hope.
Try the following operations in the order shown here.
Check the contents of your shopping cart. Windows stores deleted files there for security purposes. The corresponding icon appears in the upper left corner of the screen. If files are found, select them, right-click on them and select “Recover” from the context menu.
Use backups. If you regularly back up your hard drive (or at least your libraries), the files can most likely be found there. I don't know what backup program you're using, so I can't tell you exactly how you should search for and restore files. But, as a rule, this procedure is intuitive.
If you still don't make backups, perhaps it's time to get into the habit. This won’t help you now, but next time it will save you from major troubles.
Use file recovery software. Even if the file is not in the Recycle Bin, it may well remain on the disk. Windows does not overwrite its contents until another file needs the free space. That's why I recommend using your PC as little as possible.
There are several good programs that recover files. I recommend paying attention to the Recuva Portable utility. It is easy to use and has excellent write tracking. Sometimes you can even view the contents that it can recover. (There were cases when information was also restored that could not be displayed.) This program is distributed free of charge.
The utility belongs to the portable category (you don’t have to install it on your computer before using it), so you can run it without even copying it to your PC’s hard drive (which is of great importance in this case). Download the program to another computer and extract it to a folder on a flash drive. After that, connect the drive to the PC on which the files you need have disappeared, and launch it directly from there.
Seek help from a specialist. If none of the above works, you have one last chance. There are a lot of services in the world that offer file recovery, and if your disk is still functional, you most likely won’t have to resort to the most expensive services.
Personally, I have never used services of this kind and cannot recommend any specific company. Ask friends or read reviews on forums.
If you regularly back up your hard drive (or at least your libraries), the files can most likely be found there.
3. Create backup copies of data files
Task. Not taking backups can be compared to not wearing seat belts. No problems arise for many months or even years, but then an accident occurs and you are in serious trouble.
Solution. There is a very simple rule: you should never limit yourself to making just one copy of anything.
Creating backup copies of files should be done daily. At the same time, it is not at all necessary to receive copies of all files at once every day. Any backup program worth its salt supports incremental backups, which only affects files that have been created or modified since the last backup operation.
Data files mean your documents, photos, spreadsheets, songs, etc. When you copy your “Libraries” or the entire “Users” folder, you get all of the above.
You might also consider creating a backup of your entire system - Windows and applications, although this is not as important. If Windows suddenly becomes inoperable as a result of a crash, you can always reinstall the operating system, configure the necessary settings and reinstall all programs. But if you have a backup copy, all this can be done much faster and with less effort.
The only way to guarantee a Windows backup is to create an image that contains everything on the disk partition. There is no need to do this regularly. Personally, I back up my system 4 times a year.
Windows 7 and 8 include quite good backup utilities that allow you to create both backup copies of files and an image of the entire partition. But I prefer the free Easeus ToDo Backup, which also does both while supporting many other features.
Backup options
What exactly are you copying? External hard drives are now fast, inexpensive, and allow you to store either of two options. But you can also consider using online services that place copies of your files in the cloud. The copy on the Internet is located at a great distance from your computer, and in this case you are no longer afraid of any fires, floods or robberies. However, in this case everything works much slower and is more expensive in the long run.
Over the years I have used the Mozy Home backup service. I can’t say that it is better or worse than the services offered by competitors, but everything here functions quite reliably.
4. Maintain privacy when browsing websites
Task. What seemed like paranoia just yesterday is today perceived as common sense. Are there reliable and secure ways to access the Internet that prevent scammers, companies, and government agencies from tracking your activities?
Solution. No one can give you a 100% guarantee of security and confidentiality. But you can limit access to the Internet, thereby reducing the likelihood of security breaches.
Private browsing mode in the browser
Most browsers support a special mode that allows you to prevent tracking of user actions when visiting sites. In this case, no logs are logged and no cookies are created.
However, this regime has its limitations. Websites you visit still see your router's IP address. And your ISP knows who you visit and when. And what is known to the provider, government agencies can also find out if they wish.
So, how do you enable private browsing mode?
Internet Explorer: In the settings menu, select "Security Browsing In Private."
Chrome: Click the menu icon in the top right corner and select New Incognito Window.
Firefox: Press the key to open the browser menu. Then select File New Private Window.
Browser add-ons
The right tool will provide an additional layer of browser protection. For my part, I can recommend two free add-ons.
By installing the Mask Me extension in Firefox or Chrome, you can use disposable addresses when working with email. Emails sent to such addresses will be forwarded to your real address. For $5/month or $45/year, Mask Me will generate temporary credit card numbers. The Ghostery extension will protect you from commercial espionage. When a web page loads, it will display all the tracking services used by the site. You can block unwanted resources. However, Ghostery's systems company, Evidon, receives money from advertisers, which may create conflicts of interest.
More complex types of camouflage
The solutions we've talked about so far allow you to see your IP address, and the ISP has the ability to track the sites you visit. To hide your IP address, you can use a Virtual Private Network (VPN) or the Tor Browser program, which works in confidential mode and broadcasts its signal through a series of intermediate servers, hiding your original location. These methods are as secure as security can be on the Web.
5. Speed up a slow PC without purchasing new hardware
Task. If a computer that once simply flew began to crawl like a snail, you should not immediately blame the equipment. Of course, you can improve performance by adding more RAM, replacing the processor, or replacing the hard drive with an SSD. But none of these options radically solves the problem. It's not that your equipment lacks power, but that it is overloaded with something.
Solution. Cleaning Windows will likely help speed up your PC. No, I'm not suggesting reinstalling the operating system at all. There are much less painful ways.
Find processes that consume large amounts of resources
There may be a process running on your computer that is consuming a lot of valuable resources. To find it, right-click on the Taskbar and select "Task Manager" from the context menu. Go to the Processes tab and click on the CPU column header. The processes that are consuming the most CPU resources will be displayed at the top of the list.
If an obvious culprit is found, close the program that started the process. If you cannot close it, click the “End task” button and confirm the selected action.
If your computer starts working well after this, try not to use this program in the future. Or look for a better replacement.
If the operations performed do not help, click on the title of the “Memory” column and see if the culprit is hiding here.
Clearing the startup list
When Windows starts, the operating system automatically loads a number of other programs, which can reduce PC performance. In this case, you should go to the startup list and, sequentially disabling its elements and rebooting the system, try to identify the program that has a negative impact on overall performance. In Windows XP, Vista, or 7, click the Start button, type msconfig on your keyboard, and click. In the System Configuration window, go to the Startup tab. To disable list items, uncheck their boxes. In Windows 8, right-click on the Taskbar and select "Task Manager" from the context menu. If in the window that appears you see the “Startup” tab, go to it; if not, click the “Details” button and after that go to the “Startup” tab. To disable a list item, right-click on it and select “Disable” from the context menu.
Search for malware
I doubt that this kind of problem could be caused by a virus. But just in case, still run an anti-virus scanner on your computer.
Reducing the number of programs running simultaneously
The more programs running on a computer, the slower it runs. Therefore, try to open as few programs as possible at the same time.
Disabling Aero Mode
To give the image a more aesthetic appearance, Windows 7 and Vista use Aero technology. There is no particular need for it, but it does slow down the PC somewhat.
6. One antivirus program is better than two
Task. Running two antivirus programs at the same time is like mixing a fine old Cabernet with your breakfast cereal. Each of these products is good in its own way, but their combination is unlikely to please anyone.
Solution. Before moving on to explain the reasons, it is worth giving a number of definitions. An antivirus is a program that is launched when the PC boots up. It is constantly in memory and protects the computer in real time not only from viruses (which, from a technical point of view, look outdated), but also from Trojans, rootkits and other types of malicious programs.
Two antiviruses downloaded and running at the same time are redundant, to say the least. And in this particular case, we don’t need redundancy at all.
Please note that any program takes up a certain amount of RAM and consumes processor resources, potentially slowing down all other programs. Of course, a well-written antivirus takes up a minimum of resources and does not have a very noticeable impact on performance. However, two programs of this kind running simultaneously have a 2x greater impact on performance.
But that's not all. Antivirus programs can conflict with each other, because when you try to download the next file, they both try to scan it. Conflicts that arise interfere with other applications, causing Windows to become unstable.
If you're worried that an antivirus program alone isn't enough for you, you can supplement it with an on-demand virus scanner. Unlike a full-fledged antivirus program, such a scanner will not constantly occupy RAM. You download it as needed, update the antivirus database, scan your hard drive, and close the application once the process is complete.
I use two such programs - the free versions of SuperAntiSpyware and Malwarebytes Anti-Malware. Once a week my hard drive is scanned by one of these scanners.
7. Securely erase confidential files or entire hard drive
Task. When you delete a file, the data stored on the disk doesn't actually go away - even if the Recycle Bin is emptied. The data bits still reside on the disk until they are overwritten by some other operation. Even after formatting the disk, if you wish and have the appropriate skills and tools, the data on it can be restored.
Solution. If you really want to safely delete files or wipe your entire hard drive, you'll need software that overwrites the space where your file was previously located. Moreover, some programs of this kind are distributed completely free of charge.
For starters, I can recommend the Eraser utility, which integrates into Windows Explorer. After installing it, just right-click on the file or folder and select Eraser from the context menu. The mode of erasing files after restarting the computer is also supported, which can be very convenient if Windows does not allow you to perform the corresponding operation right now.
Another option is to delete the data as usual, empty the Recycle Bin, and then overwrite the free space on your hard drive using CCleaner. This is a very useful application that allows you to perform a variety of service operations. CCleaner's Disk Erase tool is located in the Tools tab.
Both of these programs offer different erasing technologies that allow you to repeatedly overwrite disk space. Naturally, if you rewrite a file 35 times, the likelihood of its recovery will be much lower than after rewriting it once.
However, according to Russell Chozik from the company Flashback Data (which deals with data recovery on demand, both for ordinary clients and law enforcement agencies), even one pass is quite enough for modern drives. Previously, some traces could still be detected, but nowadays the data on disks is so dense that a program that performs a one-time rewrite copes with its task perfectly.
To securely delete a file, you will need software that overwrites the space where your file was previously located.
8. Slow Internet connection when paying for a fast channel
Task. Almost no one's Internet connection speed reaches the values promised by the provider, but the difference between the promised and actual throughput should be minimal.
Solution. Almost no one manages to get the Internet connection speed promised by their provider. The parameters that affect performance are almost impossible to predict, so providers indicate the maximum speed possible from a theoretical point of view.
However, the difference between actual and advertised speeds should not be that great. And if you regularly receive no more than 70% of what was promised, and the bills issued by the provider are not surprisingly low, then there is a bottleneck somewhere. (If you don't know how to test your Internet connection, go to speedtest.net and click the Begin Test button.)
This bottleneck can be on the provider's side or on your side. Several diagnostic operations will help determine the culprit.
First, try connecting another computer to the Internet. If on one of the computers the connection speed reaches an acceptable value, but on the other it does not, then the provider has nothing to do with it.
Check and test your computer's connection to the router. If you're using Wi-Fi, try Ethernet. If the connection is made using Ethernet technology, use a different port or change the cable.
Replace other cables (specifically the one that goes from the modem to the router). If this doesn't help, replace the cable running from the modem to the outlet (I don't mean the power cord).
Try updating the firmware of the router and, if this does not help, the modem. Look for new firmware options on the manufacturer's website.
If the problem persists, connect the PC directly to the cable. You may have to change some operating system settings. Check with your provider. If all else fails, you'll need a new router.
Consider also replacing your router. Your provider may provide it to you. If not, you will have to buy it with your own money.
In cases where the speed does not increase after doing all of the above, the provider is to blame. And if he is not able to correct the situation, it makes sense to turn to another service provider.
The bottleneck can be on the provider's side or on your side. Several diagnostic operations will help determine the culprit.
9. Archiving files and then storing them for many years
Task. People are concerned about the safety of their archived digital files over time. And these fears are not unfounded.
Solution. A number of precautions will greatly increase the likelihood that your distant descendants will be able to enjoy your wedding photos.
Let's look at the software first.
Preference should be given to popular file formats that are widely used and not controlled by any one company. To be extra safe, save files in several different formats whenever possible.
Documents should be recorded in formats. docx,. doc,. pdf, etc. html. Suitable formats for photographs. jpg and. png, for music - . mp3 and. wav.
But with video, everything is not so simple, because format standards, in fact, are not standards. And if the file. avi is played on one device, it is not at all a fact that it can be viewed with the same success on another. Therefore, it is best to record video files in DVD or Blu-ray formats.
The next question is: on what media should all this be stored?
For additional protection, copy files to special, archival optical discs. Perhaps the best option here is M-Disc. Writing information onto an M-Disk is like carving it in stone. The manufacturer guarantees data safety for a thousand years.
How valid is this claim? I will be able to answer this question only after 999 years. But government tests show that M-Discs are far more resilient than any other optical media.
To record to M-Disc discs you will need a special device. But the recorded disc can be read on any DVD drive. A Blu-ray drive will also work.
I’m not ready to say for sure whether optical disks will exist in the distant future, but, apparently, this can be counted on. After all, if a sufficiently large number of people accumulate such disks, the release of devices for reading them will bring profit to manufacturers.
To write to M-Disc discs, you will need a special device, but the recorded disc can be read on any DVD drive.
10. Sharing important passwords
Task. These days, as we navigate a password-protected digital world, the question increasingly arises: How do you prepare for that inevitable day when you die or become incapacitated? And this is not at all as insignificant as it might seem at first glance. When you pass away or lose the ability to retrieve information from your memory and communicate with others, your loved ones will need access to your email, contacts, bank accounts, etc. Without a plan of action in advance, this can become a serious problem.
Solution. If you don't believe me, go to Google's page on accessing the mail of the deceased. To obtain this access, you will have to collect a lot of documents, including the death certificate (and you will have to pay for each certified copy), and send them to the service provider by regular mail. Next, you will need additional legal documents, including a court order and/or some other materials.
But it makes things a lot easier if someone you trust keeps your Google Account password, as well as other important passwords.
One possible solution would be to print out all the necessary passwords and store them in a safe deposit box. However, this printout will have to be updated after each password change, which is not very convenient.
The best option
Contact someone you trust. The obvious candidate here is your spouse. It could also be a close friend or relative. You can contact your lawyer or a specialist handling your financial affairs. For brevity, let's call this person your executor.
You will need a password manager - a program installed on your PC that allows you to store passwords in an encrypted database.
Your executor will also need a password manager, although this could be some other program.
Give the executor a few key passwords—Windows, your mobile device account, your email, and, of course, your password manager. Make sure all passwords are stored securely in an encrypted database.
If your relationship with your executor is more personal than professional, keep your key passwords in your password manager.
Naturally, if key passwords change, they should also be changed in your trusted person's password manager.
You will need a password manager - a program installed on your PC that allows you to store passwords in an encrypted database.