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In a VTsIOM survey, Russians named the main event, the politician of the year, as well as the rating leaders in sports, cinema, music, literature and TV

Moscow. December 26. website - The All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion (VTsIOM) presents survey data on how Russians remember 2016 and what they expect from 2017.

Events 2016

33% of Russians consider the war in Syria to be the main world event of 2016 (in 2015, this topic was also in first place - 43% named it).

In third place are sporting events (13%).

Resonant events on a national scale for our fellow citizens were, first of all, (10%), stories involving Russian athletes (7%), corruption (4%), and Syria (4%).

Ratings 2016

Policy. Russian President Vladimir Putin remains the politician of the year for Russians. It was named by 64% of respondents. Next, by a large margin, are Sergei Lavrov (18%), Vladimir Zhirinovsky (8%), Sergei Shoigu (8%), Dmitry Medvedev (7%) and others. In the ranking of the Russian elite, the president also holds first place (77%).

Music. For several years in a row, Philip Kirkorov (7%) has been most often named Musician of the Year (7%), followed by Grigory Leps (4%), Nikolai Baskov (4%), Sergey Lazarev (4%), Alla Pugacheva (4%).

Literature. The writer of the year is still the hardest for Russians to choose: all meaningful answers receive no more than 3%: Daria Dontsova (3%), Tatyana Ustinova (2%), the rest - 1% or less.

TV. The most popular TV programs were again the projects of Channel One: talk show “Let Them Talk” (11%), “The Voice” (8%), “News” (6%). In the rating of TV series, “Major” (8%) is in the lead; less frequently mentioned are “Secrets of the Investigation” (4%), “Sled” (4%), “Univer” (4%), etc.

In general, it can be noted that among the stars of sports and show business, television and film premieres, our fellow citizens do not have clear favorites: not a single “hero”, series or film represented in the popular rating could gain more than 10% of the votes of respondents.

Estimates for 2016 and expectations for 2017

Russians are seeing off 2016 with a slightly more positive attitude than 2015: the corresponding VTsIOM index increased over the year from 60 points to 63 points (a new historical maximum). 45% of Russians see off the outgoing year with optimism, while only 12% are pessimistic, and another 42% experience neither uplift nor negative emotions. Unrest has become noticeably less over the past two years (from 21% in 2014 to 7% in 2016).

For themselves and family members, Russians estimate the results of 2016 on average the same as last year. 52% called this year “good” or “successful” for themselves and their family, and 47% said that their lives were more likely to be dominated by difficulties or that the year was very difficult.

Citizens have much greater hopes and expectations for changes for the better in 2017 than they did in 2016 a year ago. About a quarter of respondents believe that 2017 will be successful (27% for them personally, 24% for the country as a whole).

One of the most anticipated economic events of 2016 was the decision of the US Federal Reserve System (US Federal Reserve) to increase the key interest rate from 0.25-0.5% to 0.5-0.75%. The American authorities were forced to tighten monetary policy by growing inflation (in November 2016 it reached 2%) and unemployment (4.5%) of the country’s economically active population. The head of the monetary regulator, Janet Yellen, announced her intention to raise the rate three times this year, but made the decision after the presidential elections in the United States, wanting to emphasize her apolitical nature of the new presidential administration.

Those surveyed by RT are confident that the strengthening of the US dollar against the national currencies of other countries will cause significant damage to the export potential of the United States and will lead to a decline in the consumer market, which will negatively affect the growth rate of the state’s GDP already in 2017.

Brexit is a fashionable neologism

In June 2016, in a referendum on Britain's membership in the EU, the majority of Britons (51.9%) voted for the kingdom to leave the union. The unexpected expression of the will of citizens forced Prime Minister David Cameron to resign.

The UK's sensational intention shocked the foreign exchange market: in less than a month, the pound sterling fell to a historical high of 1985 and is now trading around ₤1.25 per $1.

The reaction of the banking sector, which is the most sensitive to changes in exchange rates, was not long in coming. A study in December by the Bank of England found that Britain's three largest banks - Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS), StanChart and Barclays - were doing very little to eliminate financial losses at their own expense.

Political uncertainty provoked an outflow of capital from the UK, which for the first time in seven years dropped out of the top five countries most attractive to investors, Ernst & Young experts calculated. Since the summer of 2016, the kingdom's economy has lost about 45% of all foreign investment.

In 2016, continental European banks also failed stress tests. The famous German banks, Commerzbank and Deutsche Bank, failed the inspection of the Eurocentral Bank, whose capitalization was below the required level by an average of 1.5-3%. The Italian banking system also failed this year. In November 2016, Banca Monte dei Paschi was on the verge of default, owing creditors €28 billion.

"Asian tigers" showed their fangs

In 2016, foreign investors were attracted by the prospect of high profits (up to 14% per annum) in the countries of Southeast Asia. According to the MSCI international exchange, in the three quarters of 2016, the Asian Tiger markets accounted for about 12% of all foreign capital investments. For comparison: for the same period last year this figure was 9%. The investors' favorites were Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines and Indonesia.

“For the countries of Southeast Asia, 2016 was one of the most successful years for the development of investment potential. Thus, over the nine months of 2016, the volume of direct investment in Indonesia increased by 12.5% ​​and amounted to about $11.7 billion. Investors are attracted by the transparency of legislation, the openness of the economy and quick income with justified risks,” explained RT the economic attache of the Indonesian Embassy Kiki Kuprabovo.

The papers scattered

This year has been successful for the yuan - China’s national currency entered the reserve currency basket of the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The share of the Chinese national currency was 11%, displacing the euro by 6%. However, the IMF preference did not save the yuan from devaluation. Over the 11 months of 2016, the yuan exchange rate against the dollar fell to an eight-year low - $1 now costs about 6.9 yuan. Over the past year alone, the Central Bank of China has allocated about $500 billion to maintain the exchange rate of the national currency.

The national currency rates of other developing countries also suffered from the economic shocks of 2016. Thus, after Donald Trump’s victory in the US presidential election, the Mexican peso fell by 12% overnight - this is the strongest drop since 1994.

No less “tragic” has become, the rate of which has reached a historical maximum since 1923: $1 now costs more than 3.5 lire.

Among developed economies, the most significant was the collapse of the British pound, which pulled the euro into the currency hole, which collapsed to the values ​​of March 2015 and almost reached parity with the US dollar.

Iran without sanctions

At the beginning of 2016, the world community lifted most of the sanctions against Iran, after which state revenues from oil sales soared by almost 90%. Currently, crude oil production in the country remains at the level of 3.7 million barrels per day, which, at the current oil price, will bring more than $21 billion to the country’s treasury, the Iranian government has calculated.

However, the Iranian authorities are directing most of the oil money to the development of the country’s high-tech industries, trying to minimize the economy’s dependence on hydrocarbons in the future. In an interview with RT, Ahmad Reza Alai, Deputy Chairman for International Affairs of the Iranian Chamber of Commerce and Industry, said:

“Today, energy exports provide less than 25% of Iran’s budget revenues. The lifting of sanctions allowed us to increase mutually beneficial cooperation in the transfer of new technologies. According to our estimates, there are over 3,000 research centers operating in Iran, the main task of which is the development and implementation of high-tech technologies.”

Cartel agreement

For the first time in eight years, OPEC countries reached an agreement on up to 32.5 million barrels per day. The stumbling block for exporters was restrictive quotas: the unofficial leader of OPEC, Saudi Arabia, for a long time could not come to an agreement on the size of the oil “freeze” for Iran, its main strategic competitor in the Middle East. On November 30, at a summit in Vienna, OPEC agreed to reduce existing oil capacity by 1.2 million barrels: Iran will limit crude oil production at 3.79 million barrels per day, Saudi Arabia - by 10.06 million barrels, Iraq - by 209 thousand barrels .

Russia, an observer in the cartel, has joined the “freeze”: it is ready to reduce daily production by 300 thousand barrels. Oman decided to follow the example of the Russian Federation, which will reduce production by 350 thousand barrels per day.

Oil budgets are bursting at the seams

The restoration of Iran's economic strength and low oil prices have dealt a crushing blow to the prosperity of the Gulf countries. In 2016, the budgets of the oil monarchies became deficit for the first time in 20 years, which forced the authorities to place debt securities for a record amount of $66 billion. The “emission” leader was Saudi Arabia, which issued foreign currency bonds for $17.5 billion. However, according to analysts from Moody's agency, such a large-scale “debt sale” will not save the Saudi economy from the expected budget deficit of 22% of GDP in 2017 (in 2016 - 15% of GDP).

Ecological alternative

2016 was rich in the active development of alternative energy sources. China spent more than $80 billion on the purchase and installation of new wind stations. Denmark is actively using wind energy, where the share of renewable energy consumption is more than 30% of all energy sources. Germany, the USA and India do not regret investing in environmentally friendly energy sources.

Investments in renewable energy will pay significant dividends by 2020, members of the World Wind Energy Council. According to economists, in four years the industry will provide the global economy with more than a million new jobs and attract about €95 billion of investment.

K. Raikin, People's Artist of the Russian Federation, director of the Moscow Satyricon Theater, spoke at the VII Congress of the Union of Theater Workers against censorship and the fight “for morality in art.” “I am worried... attacks on art, on the theater... lawless, extremist, arrogant, aggressive, hiding behind words about morality, morality. These groups of supposedly offended people who close performances, close exhibitions, behave impudently, to whom the authorities are strangely neutral, distance themselves... These are ugly attacks on freedom of creativity, on the ban on censorship. And the ban on censorship... is the greatest event of centuries-old significance... in the artistic, spiritual life of our country... I see how someone’s hands are clearly itching to change it and bring it back. And to return it back not just to times of stagnation... but to Stalin’s times. Because our immediate superiors talk to us with such a Stalinist vocabulary, such Stalinist attitudes that you simply can’t believe your ears! ... We are very divided, ... we have little interest in each other. But that's not so bad. The main thing is that there is a vile manner of slandering and slandering each other... this is simply unacceptable now... I don’t believe these groups of indignant and offended people whose, you see, religious feelings are offended. I believe that they have been paid for. These are groups of vile people who fight for morality in illegal, vile ways... When they pour urine on photographs, is this a struggle for morality? In general, public organizations do not need to fight for morality in art. Art has enough filters from directors, artistic directors, critics, and the soul of the artist himself. These are the bearers of morality. There is no need to pretend that power is the only bearer of morality and ethics. This is not so... Power has so many temptations; there are so many temptations around it that smart power pays art for the fact that art holds a mirror in front of it and shows in this mirror the mistakes, miscalculations and vices of power. Isn’t that what the authorities are paying for, as our leaders tell us: “We pay you money, you do what you need to do.”... Will they know what they need to do? Now I hear: “These are values ​​that are alien to us. Harmful for the people." Who decides? Will they decide? They shouldn't interfere at all. They should help art, culture... We need to unite... and for a while forget about our artistic subtle reflections in relation to each other. I can dislike some director as much as I want, but I will die so that he is allowed to speak out. This is me repeating the words of Voltaire.”

The speech sparked a heated debate in the creative community. Artistic Director of the Provincial Theater S. Bezrukov: “In art there should be only internal censorship of the artist and no other. The eternal Russian “no matter what happens,” unfortunately, sometimes progresses and takes on monstrous forms. The system of prohibitions sometimes destroys everything in its path.” Artistic director of the Gogol Center K. Serebryannikov: “No official has the right to decide what kind of art should be - whether it is pleasing or not, protest or safe. The viewer decides everything. Society. It simply doesn’t buy tickets to bad performances, doesn’t go to bad theaters, doesn’t accept low-quality work.” General Director of the Hermitage M. Piotrovsky: “Censorship is always a dictate. Diktat of power or dictate of the crowd. In our country now everything is moving toward the dictates of the crowd, and even power is beginning to be built. The crowd begins to say: we want this and that. If the regional committee censors could be dealt with, come and explain. Not always, but the intelligentsia knew how to get around these things. And the dictates of the crowd are terrible. I would not say that we have censorship; it is just emerging. We haven't returned to the old days yet." Presidential Press Secretary D. Peskov: “Censorship is unacceptable. But at the same time, it is necessary to clearly differentiate between productions and works that are staged or filmed with public money or with the involvement of some other sources of financing.”