What is a VKontakte domain? Domain name levels

A domain name or domain is the name of a website. You enter it in the address bar of your browser when you want to go to a site.

The address bar looks like this:

Browser header Domain Address bar

Domain names were invented to make it more convenient to find sites on the Internet. Previously, you had to remember the digital address of a website in order to open it in a browser. A digital address or IP address is a combination of four numbers separated by dots. The IP address points to the server where the site is located and looks like this: 7.135.10.13.

You can remember a couple of these numbers, but try to keep a couple dozen IP addresses in your head, and the numbers will start to get confused. Computers don’t care, they will remember as many numbers as they want, but for people they came up with text names.

By the same logic, we do not learn by heart. phone numbers, and save them in phone book. And at the right moment, all that remains is to find the name in the phone, and the phone itself will understand which number to call.

Everything that comes after “http://” is a domain. In our example, the domain is website.

For a computer this is the same address, but it is easier for a person to remember the letters

https://7.135.10.13

https://site

How is a domain different from hosting?

Hosting is the place where files with your website are stored. A domain is the name of the site. To make a website work and make it easier for people to access it, you need both a domain and hosting.

Imagine that a website is a collection of paintings. Then the hosting is the house where the paintings are located, and the domain is the address where this house can be found.

What does a domain name consist of?

Any domain consists of levels. Domain levels are the parts that separate the points. They are needed to systematize the work of domain names.

The registration office is responsible for the first level. It stores information about the second level. The domain registrar is responsible for the second and subsequent levels - this is the company from which you purchased the domain. This hierarchy helps the browser find faster required server and open the site.

By default, each domain consists of two levels, but there can be more - three, four, five, etc. Levels are usually counted from right to left. Let's take a closer look at them.

www.hostiq.ua

First level domain

. It is also called the top level. The first level domain is the part of the name that is to the right of the last dot. When registering, you cannot come up with your own first-level domain. You will have to choose from existing ones.

A complete list of top-level domains is stored on the website of the Internet Number Assignment Authority. Here are some of them: .com, .net, .org, .biz, .info, .ua, .ru, .me.

www.hostiq.ua

Second level domain

. This level is also called the basic or maternal level. A second-level domain is the part of the name that is to the left of the last dot. Hostiq is a second-level domain in the site name.

www.site

Third level domain

. It is also called a subdomain or subdomain. A third-level domain is the part of the name that is located to the left of the penultimate dot. Subdomains are used when they want to assign a unique address to different sections of the site.

Subdomains will make the site structure clearer. Let's say your website has two versions: Russian and English. Each of them can be assigned its own subdomain: ru.site.com and en.site.com. Then it will be easier for users to immediately switch to the desired version of the site.

Search engines also index each section separately. This means you can promote different sections of the site in search engines.

Let's say a company launches a blog on its website. In order not to first go to the main page and then look for the “Blog” section, you can move it to a separate address: blog .site.com. Then the blog can be accessed directly, and the search engine will index the page separately.

Following the same logic, the part that is to the left of the third-level domain would be a fourth-level domain or sub-subdomain.

You can create subdomains as long as you own the domain. The most common subdomain is www. It is sometimes mistakenly considered a required part of a domain. Although in fact it is not necessary to enter it. Here are examples of other subdomains: account, shop, support.

What are the domains?

Domain names are divided into two groups: generic and national.
Domains from different groups have different registration requirements. Let's look at the features of each group.

Are common

Popular generic domains are easy to register

Generic domains refer to a specific area of ​​activity. For example:

Com - for commercial enterprises, short for company;
.org - for non-profit organizations, short for organization;
.edu is for educational businesses, short for education.

With time. com domain They became so popular that not only commercial enterprises began to register them. Therefore, this is a conditional division. No one will prevent you from registering a .com domain if you are not engaged in commerce.

main feature popular generic domains - simple registration. The domains .com, .net, .org, .biz and .info do not have registration restrictions. They can be registered by any legal or individual. No documents are needed for registration.

Registration authorities are constantly adding new domains top level. Now there are more than 1000 of them. So don't be discouraged if.com is already taken. Check a domain with a different ending, it may be free.

Most often, people choose names in common areas

In this article we will take a closer look at the question of what a domain is and why it is needed. Let's touch on the issues of domain zones and domain name levels. We will cover the procedure for registering and purchasing domains. We will provide instructions for checking before purchasing and registering. We'll tell you how you can make money by buying and reselling these domain names.

(detailed video instructions)

What is a domain in simple words

A domain is a unique name for a website on the Internet. Truly unique, one and only in the whole world. In simple words - the address of a website on the Internet. It's like coordinates of some point globe. For example, I was recently in Portugal and visited the westernmost point of Europe - Cape Roca. The coordinates of this point will be 38 0 47` north latitude and 9 0 30` west longitude. If you type 38 0 47`N 9 0 30`W into the Yandex search engine, Cape Roca will be shown on the map.

Portugal - Cape Roca

The same goes for the site’s domain name, the one and only, which by typing anywhere in the world takes you directly to a resource located on that domain.

All Internet resources have their own IP address in global network, it looks like this - “78.108.95.81”. If these numbers are entered into address bar browser, it will open home page ruinterdiz.ru (the blog you are on).

An Internet address in the form of numbers is not convenient, it is difficult to remember, it is not readable, so human-readable domain names were invented. See for yourself: ruinterdiz.ru is much easier to remember than the numbers 78.108.95.81, and such an entry looks more attractive.

Due to uniqueness, readability and recognition, the number of regular users increases, and accordingly the number of regular visitors to the Internet project increases and behavioral factors improve.

In view of this, the address of your future website must be approached very seriously and creatively. Whatever you name the site, it will float across the Internet.

That's actually what kind of beast this domain is.

Domain name zones

A mandatory component of a domain name is the zone in which the site address is located. For general development: the site name is machine read from right to left.

Domain zones in the world are divided by country. That is, each country has its own zone. So, for example, in Russia it will be ru, in France - fr, in Portugal it is assigned pt, in Italy - it, in Kazakhstan - kz, etc. You cannot buy a domain zone, unlike a name, but you can choose it from those offered .

In addition to dividing by country, there are also zones.com - commercial, .biz - for business, .org, .info and many others. The cost of zones is different, for example, zones.com and .biz will be much more expensive than zones.ru. If your project does not comply with all Russian laws and is located in zone.ru, then it may be closed. And you will have to either fix the problem, or move the site to another zone, or resign yourself and forget about your site. In fact, the laws in Lately there are a lot of Internet projects.

So, for example, many promoted films online resources They closed and moved to other zones. Russian legislation also affected many popular torrent trackers. Be careful with the domain zone so as not to get into trouble.

Changing the zone subsequently means a complete change of the site address, which entails a decline in positions and traffic, and not a competent move to complete departure from the search results.

There are also zones such as .gov - government structure, .edu - educational. To register in these zones, you will need the appropriate package of documents. Confirming the status of a government or educational institution.

About 10 years ago, national zones and domain names appeared. That is, the site address can be registered not in Latin, but in the national language..Russian Federation. The use of national zones with domain names written in the language of a particular country does not affect promotion, but has a lot of disadvantages.

So, for example, it will be difficult for a European to navigate in zone.rf. The link is automatically recoded into English characters, this is not visible to humans, only a machine reads it. If you copy such a link from the address bar of your browser and paste it somewhere, you will get complete gobbledygook like http://xn--90ahhbc1atdqh.xn--p1ai/ because of this, this zone is not popular and is used extremely rarely.

As mentioned above, the machine reads the website address from right to left. Let's look at what a website address consists of. Example:

edu.forum.site

• .ru - Domain zone, it is not sold or bought, it is provided by the registrar when purchasing a name. Part of the first level domain name.
• .ruinterbiz - The domain name itself. It is this that is registered and purchased, is the site address and is unique. This second level domain.
• .forum - Third level domain. It is a subdomain. It is not paid for in any way, it is attached to the main second-level domain by special settings beyond the scope of this article. May contain a completely different site.
• edu - Fourth level domain. The same as the third level.

For general development, it must be said that there is still a root zone (empty area), this is the dot (.) after domain zone, an empty entry.. But it is always omitted, only the machine sees it.

Domain name registration

You can select and register a domain name in Argentina, the USA, or Europe. Every country has accredited domain name registrars. Let's just talk about the main technical point. If your project is focused, for example, on a European audience, then it is better to register somewhere in Europe, using the zone.com, .org, etc. If it is for Russian visitors, then register in Russia. This is due to technical indicators. For example, our project, registered in St. Petersburg, will open much faster in central Russia than in Vladivostok or America. Plays the role of the location of the data center from the opening location. St. Petersburg gives good performance across Russia and Europe. And site loading speed is one of the important ranking factors.

There are actually not that many registrars, but they all provide services through hosting providers and data centers. We have been using Majordomo hosting and servers for over 10 years. There were no problems, so we can recommend it to you and use their example to show you how to choose a domain name.

Video instructions for registration, setup and management

Your promo code is TZS52983(just copy and paste when registering)

Attention:

It is best to select a website address through the selected hosting provider. This is due to dns settings. If you, for example, register a domain on RegRu, and take the host from Majordomo, then you will have to reconfigure DNS servers and records. By checking the name directly with Majordomo and registering the domain through them, this problem will disappear.

The principle of choosing a name for a site, as well as installing your project on hosting, is described in detail in the article “”. Here we will dispel the myth that the domain name somehow affects the promotion and ranking of the site.

It is not true! More precisely, many people misunderstand this point. Has no effect on ranking big signal the presence of a key in the Latin alphabet in the full address of the page..html The presence of a key after a slash has a small effect for promotion, before the slash, no.

You can take a domain either by last name or by first name. For example, vovkinblog.ru and promote it.

Let's consider selecting a domain name through the hosting provider Majordomo. To do this, go to the official Majordomo domain name selection website and enter the desired name, select a zone and check.

Selection of a domain name on the Majordomo platform

If the domain is free, then you can register and pay. Payment is made once and the name is provided for one year. Upon expiration, the domain is renewed. The first payment for a year is always cheaper, subsequent renewals are two or three times more expensive. Due to inflation and the rising dollar, the extension is also increasing. For example, renewal in 2012 cost 199 rubles, and in 2017 it was already 599 rubles.

Result of domain name selection

Important:

Documents will be required for registration. If you are registering for an individual, you need a scan of your passport. If for legal, then a package of documents for legal. face. We recommend preparing in advance necessary copies documents.

The host can be paid monthly, or you can purchase an annual subscription. If you pay for hosting for a year, it turns out to be much cheaper. But don’t rush to pay and register a domain name right away; it needs to be checked. Why and how, read on.

Important:

In our free lessons The procedure for launching your online project, from a blog to an online store, is described in detail. By subscribing to our blog at the end of the article, you will receive complete step-by-step instructions from the lessons. Full description lessons here.

How to check a domain before registering

The success of resource promotion largely depends on the history of the domain name. So, for example, if a low-quality resource was located on the domain (of which there are many on the Internet), then nothing good will come from such an address, even if the name is beautiful and memorable. The fact is that search engines store the history of a site in their databases for quite a long time. If, for example, you grab the domain vovkinblog.ru, and previously there was a worthless resource on it, links to indecent sites were placed, unwanted letters were sent en masse to purchased and downloaded databases, then nothing good will come of it. Therefore, it is necessary to check the domain name before registering.

You can check the history of a domain name, namely what kind of sites were on it, through archiv.org. A project on the Internet that stores almost all sites on earth that are not closed in robots.txt by its robot. Here is an example of checking the domain vovkinblog.ru

Checking domain history

Enter the domain of interest and press enter, it will be transferred to the calendar of saved copies, then click on the blue circle.

Archived copy of the previous site
Archived search results
Domain name verification results

From the information received it is clear that the domain is basically clean and there are no negative elements observed. We can conclude that the domain was taken, but things didn’t go any further, the lease of the name and possibly the host ended, the site was never filled with anything. Perhaps a beautiful and sonorous name was taken for the purpose of resale, that is, making money on domain names. This will be discussed further. Conclusion, you can take and use this domain name.

The screenshot below shows an example of an archived Yandex page from 2005.

Yandex domain check and archived copy from 2005

In addition to the domain name, you also need to check the IP address. This is done through special services, for mass, unauthorized mailing and presence in blacklists can be checked in this service https://www.dnsbl.info/ If the IP is listed in blacklists, then you can try to clear it by following step by step instructions or ask a question to the host provider.

checking ip for purity

The fact is that on regular web hosting there are several thousand sites on one IP. And if there are sites that are blacklisted from this IP address, then your domain will be listed there. The Majordomo provider monitors IP addresses and does not provide black IP addresses.

Earning money from buying and reselling domain names

There is a fairly profitable business on the Internet selling domain names. It consists in the fact that some kind of beautiful name, for example, kojgalantereya.ru. Next, links to the domain are placed from trusted sites and within two to three updates the TIC is increased to 30 to 50 points. Afterwards it is sold through special exchanges such as telderi.

Also, corporate promoted sites on the Internet are often closed due to bankruptcy and company closure, and domains are released. Such domains are called Drops. These names often have high TIC and PR indicators. There are whole schemes for catching such Drop domains. That is, I caught such a domain, registered it for myself for 150 rubles and put it up for sale for 3 - 4 thousand hazel grouse.

We do not recommend purchasing such domains! Since the indicators were increased by purchasing links to certain pages. But if you buy a domain without all the pages, the structure will be different. Almost all the links will disappear and all the bellies will disappear in 2 - 3 months. You'll just lose money and time.

conclusions

Choosing a domain name is very responsible and creative process. This is your ship in the ocean of the Internet network. Whatever you call it, so you will float. When selecting, it is necessary to take into account a number of points, namely the domain name should be:

— Easy to read;

- Memorable;

— Have the opportunity for further branding promotion;

- Must be contained good story;

— Have a clean IP address, since this is the same as a domain;

That’s actually all we wanted to tell you about domain names and why they are needed, in simple words.

Good luck with your Internet projects.

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A domain (domain name) is a website address, consisting of a set of characters or numbers, unique to a group of domain names. A group of domain names means special zones like .ru, .com, .org, .net, etc. The domain is displayed in the browser address bar.

If you intend to create a website, it doesn’t matter whether it’s a personal blog, a portfolio page for a freelancer, an online store, a forum, etc., then first you will need to come up with a name for your project and a domain name. Then you need to place your project on hosting, after which other people will be able to visit your site.

In this article we will figure out how to come up with a name for your future website, what a domain is (domain name), how to choose a domain, how to check it, how to register and set up a domain for your website.

What is a website domain in simple words and why is it needed?

A domain is needed to differentiate sites. Even if the user does not enter the address of your site into the browser, but, for example, gets to your site through the Yandex or Google search engine, then these same search engines somehow need to correctly distinguish between millions of sites and redirect users correctly.

Now let's take a closer look at the address of a website. If you copy the site address from the address bar of your browser, you will see a link something like this:

Let's take it apart piece by piece this domain.

The abbreviation http stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol, "hypertext transfer protocol". In simple terms, http is like traffic rules on the road, or in other words, it’s like a translator between two people speaking English. different languages. It allows you to connect a user who opens a particular site on his computer and the site itself, which is created according to certain rules.

The HTTP protocol, like a translator, first listens to what one person (the computer user) says to it and then translates it to a second person (the site). As a result, mutual understanding occurs between the first and second person, which is expressed in the fact that the person opens the page he needs and studies the necessary information.

There are other protocols, such as HTTPS, which means secure connection. That is, all information will be transmitted in encrypted form. Or SMTP protocol, which is used to send email messages.

What is WWW?

WWW is an acronym that stands for World Wide Web , which translated means The World Wide Web. The World Wide Web is made up of millions of Internet web servers located around the world. A web server is a computer program that runs on a computer connected to a network and uses the HTTP protocol to transfer data.

Actually, web servers host files from various websites. By files we mean various pictures, videos, audio, various components of sites and folders in which all this stuff is located. And by HTTP protocol various users around the world manage to connect to such web servers and view the content of the sites.

But the fact is that in the 90s of the last century and the beginning of the 00s of this century, web servers were very weak, so it was necessary to place, for example, website files on one computer, a mail server for email messages on another, and FTP server For remote access to the files on the third. The names of the servers began with the name of the computers on which they were located, and depending on what the person needed, for example, viewing a website or sending mail, they looked like this: www.site.com, mail.site.com or ftp.site.com . In other words, the WWW part in the site name helped determine what a person needed. IN in this case he needed to look at a website.

But over time, with the development of the Internet, computers, web servers, the emergence of new data transfer protocols, etc., the WWW part was no longer needed. More precisely, the browsers through which we view websites have learned to determine the site address without it. Therefore, now, when we type the name of a site in the address bar, we don’t have to write the www part. and often many of the sites we go to, for example, through search engines show the name of the site also without this piece WWW.

What is a second level domain?

Second level domain name(English second-level domain) - part of the domain name, separated by a dot from the first-level domain immediately following it (Wikipedia).

Why second level? Because the first-level domain in our example is a particle RU, but we’ll talk about it a little lower.

There are also third-level domains and it will look like this: www.client.site. I have a section for clients on this third-level domain. There are also domains of the fourth and fifth levels, but they are extremely rare and are practically not used by anyone.

The second level domain is the name of our website, depicted in this case on English language. The fact is that now you can come up with domains in Russian. In my case it would look like moirubl.rf. Perhaps you have already come across sites on the Internet whose domain name was written in Russian and at the end there was a piece of the Russian Federation.

If you are creating a website, then you can come up with any name for your second-level domain, the main thing is that this name is not taken. Below I will show you how to find out whether the domain name you like is available or taken.

What is a first (top) level domain?

Now let’s look at the final part of the link in question, the RU part. This is also a domain, only the first one, or it is also called a top-level domain. An ordinary user will not be able to register a first-level domain, but it’s easy to register a second-level domain.

Top (first) level domain(English top-level domain, TLD) - the highest level in the domain name system (DNS) hierarchy. Is the starting point (from right to left) from which a domain name on the Internet begins.

According to international agreement, each country was allocated a first-level domain name, indicating that the site belongs to a specific state:

• .ru – Russia.
• .ua – Ukraine
• .uk – Great Britain
• .de – Germany
• .fr – France
• Etc.

There are also first-level domains related to the area of ​​activity of the site, for example:

• .gov - for US government organizations.
• .com - was originally considered as a domain for commercial organizations, but is now used by all types of organizations, including educational institutions (usually private), individuals, non-profit and semi-commercial organizations.
• .edu - intended for educational institutions.
• .info – intended for information resources. It can be safely used by both individuals and legal entities.
• .biz – for business organizations. Such a domain can register both physical and entity, however, the registration may be challenged in the future if the domain owner does not engage in commercial activities in accordance with the domain charter. Domain.biz was created to alleviate the situation with domain.com, which has become incredibly popular and, as a result, is overcrowded.
• .net - The name comes from the word "network", indicating its original purpose - the registration of organizations involved in network technologies, such as Internet providers and other companies associated with system administration etc. But now it is used everywhere and in Russia it has become popular among resources involved in the fight against any diseases, social aspects, for example, gepatitu.net, which means NO to Hepatitis, alkogolju.net, which means NO to Alcohol. However, this is a free domain zone for registration by any person, both individuals and legal entities. Moreover, this top-level domain is one of the most popular after.com
• .org – originally intended for use by non-profit organizations that do not meet the criteria of other domains. Also available for registration by anyone. A striking example among sites using this domain zone is wikipedia.org
• .pro – this domain is intended in many countries of the world for licensed or certified lawyers, accountants, doctors, engineers. In Russia, many domain name registrars also require you to provide documents confirming your affiliation with the type of activity indicated on your website.
• .aero – these domains can only be registered by organizations related to air transportation. In Russia, a striking example that uses this top-level domain is Pobeda Airlines (pobeda.aero).

In which domain zone is it best to choose a domain?

If your site is designed for the Russian-speaking population, then first of all it is recommended to select a second-level domain in the .RU zone. This is important primarily for search engines Yandex, Google and others. They will understand that your site is designed for Runet (Russian-language Internet) and will rank your site better in search results.

For more information about what ranking in search engine results is and how a domain name affects it, watch the video below:

However, it may turn out that the variant of the domain name that you came up with is already taken by someone in the .RU zone. If you really like the domain and want to keep it at any cost, then you can check it in other domain zones, such as .com, .info, .net, .org, .рф.

These domain zones come in second place after zone.ru, if you prioritize between them. In third place are the .biz and .pro zones, and this is primarily due to the fact that these zones should be chosen only if you will be engaged in commercial activities and can confirm that your future site belongs to this activity.

To confirm, you may be asked for a Certificate of Registration of Individual Entrepreneurs, as well as an extract from the tax office about the areas of activity you have chosen, a license for the type of activity, for example, if you are engaged in any kind of construction and your website is dedicated to this topic, documents on relevant education, for example, If your site is dedicated to medical topics, then you may need a Diploma of completion of a medical institution.

But if you plan to create:

• Business card website;
• Portfolio website;
• Personal blog;
• Information site;

Then you should focus on the following domain zones: .ru, .com, .info, .net, .org, .рф.

If you are creating a personal page that will contain a few pages, for example, a portfolio, contacts, reviews, then it makes no difference what domain zone your site will be in.

If you are creating an information site or personal blog, in which you plan to regularly write articles and thereby attract a large number of visitors from search engines, then the name in the .RU zone will be a priority. But if all the cool names are taken, then you can find something for yourself in the .com, .info, .net, .org zones.

If you are creating a one-page website where you will sell something and attract people through advertising, then it does not matter in which zone you have a domain.

If you are creating an online store, then you need to first of all focus on the country where the bulk of your customers will be located. For example, for Russia it is zone.ru, and for Ukraine.ua. But if interesting domains are occupied, then it’s not critical if you choose an option in the .com, .biz or .pro zones.

It’s worth mentioning separately about the zone.RF. This domain zone is best chosen for one-page sites and personal business card sites, but not for information sites with a lot of news. Difficulties may arise technical plan related to the encoding of the Cyrillic alphabet and the adaptability of server software to the Latin alphabet, as well as incorrect display addresses of your pages in old browsers and when displayed in search engines.

What is cybersquatting and domaining?

In the process of coming up with a domain name, which we will talk about in more detail below, as well as in the process of checking the ideas you come up with, you will encounter the fact that many interesting names will be taken by other people. But what’s most offensive is that if you go to the selected name, there will be no website there, but you will see an advertisement that this domain is for sale.

This is the very case when the terms cybersquatting and domaining are used.

Cybersquatting- registration of domain names containing a trademark owned by another person for the purpose of their further resale or unfair use. People who practice such actions are called cybersquatters.

For example, imagine that Coca-Cola does not have a website. And then the moment came when they decided to start one. But bad luck, there was someone more enterprising and fast man, who has registered this domain name. Naturally, he did this for selfish purposes, so that he could later resell this domain to Coca-Cola for crazy money.

Domaining (English domaining, from domain - domain)- almost the same thing as Cybersquatting - this is speculation in domain names. The idea is to purchase Internet domain names for their subsequent resale for profit.

The main difference is that NOT the brands of any well-known companies are registered here, but good interesting words from the most popular areas of our life, which can be used to create a website and attract large quantity traffic due to the uniqueness of this word.

Most expensive domain

A striking example is the domain Sex.com, which was included in the Guinness Book of Records as the most expensive domain ever sold. Transaction amount: $13 million. Year of sale: 2010.

Here are a few more examples where people made huge capital by selling a domain name:

1. Vodka.com sold for $3 million in 2006
2. Business.com sold for $7.5 million in 1999
3. Hotels.com sold for $11 million in 2001
4. Pizza.com sold for $2 million in 2008
5. Beer.com sold for $7 million in 2004
6. Diamond.com sold for $7 million in 2006
7. Toys.com sold for $5 million in 2009
8. Clothes.com sold for $4 million in 2008
9. CreditCards.com sold for $2 million in 2004
10. Computer.com sold for $2 million in 2007
11. Russia.com sold for $1 million in 2009

So, as you can imagine, domain trading can be a very profitable business. If you do not plan to trade domains, but want to create your own website and come up with an interesting and memorable name for it, then you may have problems with this.

According to my subjective estimates, 80% of all interesting names already occupied by cybersquatters. Therefore, you will have to rack your brains to come up with and check dozens, if not hundreds of very different names and their variations in different domain zones.

How to come up with and choose a domain name?

The process of coming up with a domain name can take you anywhere from a few hours to a few weeks. Before starting this process, I recommend preparing some kind of notebook or having special folder on a computer where you will record all the options that come to your mind.

Remember, the domain is chosen once and for all. If, after several years of hard work on your website, you want to change the domain name to something more interesting, then be prepared for the fact that search engines will react negatively to this and this may affect you by a decrease in the number of visitors, and, therefore, loss arrived.

Please also note that the site name and address may vary. For example, the name of my site sounds like “My Ruble”. And its domain name looks like www.site. The meaning of the name of my site and its domain are similar, but the spelling is different. In this case, to write the domain name, I used the English translation of the words “My Ruble”.

In this case, I could use, for example, this option: moyrubl.ru. This method of coming up with domain names is called transliteration - the exact transfer of characters from one script to characters from another script.

There are special services that will help you make correct transliteration, for example this service: http://translit-online.ru/

When choosing a domain name, it is important to decide on the theme of the site for which you will create and register a domain.

• If you are a freelancer and want to create a personal page with a portfolio and reviews, then it is recommended to choose a combination of your first and last name, for example ivanov.ru or smpetrov.ru, where the first letters sm will be the initials.
• You can also use words that characterize your activity or a combination of such words, including with your first or last name. For example, if you are into design, you can search for domain names that contain the word design (masterofdesign.ru, ivanoffdesign.ru, etc.)
• If you are going to launch an informational site or blog, then it would be logical to select a domain with the theme of your site. If this is a culinary site, then you need to select a domain name that will reflect the culinary theme.
• The domain name for a company's corporate website may contain the name of the company or be based on some keywords characterizing the direction of the company's activities. For example, if your organization is engaged in European-quality repairs, it is logical to choose the name euro-remont.ru. Another example is tur4you.ru or kuda.ru - for a travel company website.

When choosing a domain name, it is advisable to select short options that will be euphonious and will not raise questions with spelling variations, as well as be easy to remember.

Modern “sharks” of Internet business - for example, lenta.ru, artlebedev.ru, gazeta.ru, utro.ru - with just one name they can inform the visitor not only about their topic, direction of activity, but also about the quality of work, the level of information presentation , your target audience and much more. Of course, for your site to stand on par with the Internet giants, you need to work hard on its operation. However, making a website recognizable only through a domain name is quite simple.

Ideally, your name will be within 4-8 characters. But even if the name turns out to be longer, this is not critical. Remember that people will primarily evaluate the quality of the content on your site and its usefulness.

Brainstorm

If you have difficulty with your creative imagination and few interesting domain name options come to mind, I recommend that you follow the following tips:

1. Open any search engine and enter various keywords related to your future site. Then look at the names of existing sites that the search engine will give you for your request and try to come up with an analogue, synonym, or play on different parts of the words.
2. Open a catalog of Internet sites, select a topic that suits you, and see what words your competitors use in domain names. Based on this, try to come up with your own version.
3. Open English-Russian directories and look for translations of keywords that most accurately describe the topic of your site. For example, if you want to create a sports-themed website, then look for translations of words such as: sports, fitness, movement, health, healthy image life, vigor, strength, etc. Based on these words, try to come up with a name for your website.

You can learn more about all these options for coming up with domain names in the video below:

How to check a domain for availability?

So, after you've sketched out a dozen or two different options, it's time to start checking the availability of your domain. I usually do domain selection. I then register domains there. For more information about the procedure for checking and selecting a domain name, watch the video:

Checking domain name history

After you have checked the options you have come up with for availability, do not rush to register the domain. Now it is necessary to check the history of the domain, since it could previously have been used by other people, and with bad consequences for its future owner.

The fact is that if you create a bad website and post stolen content on it, search engines will impose sanctions on such a site. More precisely, they will impose it on the domain name. Sanctions mean the exclusion of pages of a given site from search. This means that people will no longer come to the site from search engines, or they will come, but not soon. To do this, you need to remove all stolen content and replace it with unique and useful content.

As a rule, search engines can remove sanctions in such cases, please note keyword here “can”. And this does not happen immediately, but can take 6-12 months.

At the same time, if you plan to use a domain for a one-page site or business card site, where people will mainly come not from search engines, but from advertising, or links in the profile of your social pages, then it does not matter if this domain is banned by Yandex and Google or not.

Domain purity is important primarily for future information sites.

To check the history of a domain name we will use the following services:

• Checking Whois history - whoishistory.ru
• Checking by URL in Yandex and Google.
• Check at archive.org/web.

You can find instructions for using these services in the video Checking domain history:

Domain registration

After all checks have been completed, it is time to register the domain. You can register a domain through a hosting company where your website files will be hosted. This can also be done through a special domain name registrar company.

I recommend registering domains separately from hosting in special companies registrars. It is more reliable and convenient. And you can order hosting services separately from other companies specializing in this. Why?

I registered my first domain and hosting in one place. It was a small hosting company whose services I refused after some time. I chose a different hosting and moved the site. But the domain remained with the first company. Over the past 8 years, I have changed about 5 hosting companies and now host my website on a separate dedicated server. My domain, by the way, is still registered with that first company.

What's so scary about this? I'm not sure about the small hosting company where I originally registered the domain. I periodically wonder what will happen if this company, unable to withstand the competition, closes? What will happen to my domain?

To register domains, I use the services of Reg.ru - this is one of the market leaders.

For instructions on registering a domain name, see below:

In one of the lessons I talked about what a domain name is and how to get one. I told him in passing, just to get at least some idea. But this topic requires a more detailed analysis. This is really important!

A domain is a website address. This is a unique name on the Internet, which, when opened, will open a specific website.

For example, the Internet resource you are currently on has the following address: website

That is, the site is the domain name of our site. By typing it, only our site will open and no other.

How to find out a domain name

To find out the domain name, that is, the address of a particular Internet resource, you need to look at the address bar of the browser when the site is open.

For example, I opened the Yandex website. To find out its domain name, that is, its exact address, you need to look in the address bar. This is what my browser's address bar looks like:

And here is the Yandex address. In my browser it is highlighted in a darker color:

That is, his address is yandex.ru

And here is the domain name of the Google website:

Before domain name there is always a prefix. That is, some kind of introductory part. Most often this is part http:// or www.

In fact, www is an abbreviation. This part of the address is correctly written http://www.

That is, the full address of the Yandex website looks like this: http://www.yandex.ru

In principle, this is the same thing with or without www. We can say that this is the same address, just in two different spellings.

With these different address spellings (“without www” and “with www”), there are certain nuances that professionals in the field of website creation and promotion need to know about. But we won’t go deeper into this.

How to find out the address of a specific page on a website

Since a site is a set of pages, which, in turn, are sorted into sections (categories, headings), each page also has its own address. It is written immediately after the domain name and is separated from it by a slash (/).

IN classical performance Each page URL must have a .html or .htm part at the end, and must consist exclusively of Latin letters. Instead of spaces, you need to use an underscore or a hyphen, and you can also use numbers.

But now this is no longer so relevant, since the Internet in general and search engines in particular understand a wide variety of addresses. Therefore, site pages can have Russian names, and include some characters, and be without any “tail” at all (without html, htm, php or anything else).

In order to find out the address of a specific page on a site, you also need to look at the address bar of your browser when the page is open. For example, this is what you will see if you look at the browser line right now:

The page address is located immediately after the domain name and is separated from it by a slash (/). That is, the address of the page you are currently on is domennoe_imya.html

Since now most sites are “created” on control systems (engines), page addresses are formed by these very systems. And in principle, it is not so important what they are: alphabetic, numeric, different symbols, with or without a tail.

It is also not at all necessary that the address of a particular page reflect its content. This was important before, but now it has practically no meaning.

What are domain names?

A domain name consists of two parts: the name itself and the domain zone.

The name itself is a word or several words that the site owner comes up with independently.

For example, our website has the address site . The word neumeka is what I wanted to name the site. That is, I came up with this word and registered such a domain.

A domain zone is a “tail” in the form of a dot with some set of letters. In my case this is a ponytail .ru

There are not just many domain zones, but very, very many. And there are more and more of them. You can talk for a long time about what they are and the principle of their formation. But it’s better not to bother your bright head with this.

What you really need to know is that there are different levels of domains. The easiest way to explain it is this: there are domains with one dot after the name and with several.

With one dot, this is the address of our website:

With several dots - these are addresses that end in .od.am or moy.su and the like.

As a rule, such names are distributed free of charge by other sites (systems). For example, in the lesson “How to make a website for free” I talked about online designers. Let me remind you that these are systems with which you can get your own website completely free of charge and without much difficulty. So these systems give free domain names with several dots.

Typically domain names consist only of Latin letters, without spaces. But there are also exceptions. For example, Cyrillic domain zones: rf, moscow, online, site, rus and others. In this case, the entire site address will be in Russian (except for the http:// prefix).

You can also use numbers and hyphens in your name.

Choosing a name for your site

The first thing to remember: no free domain names. By choosing such a name, you will ruin your site.

The second thing you need is to decide on the domain zone. As I already said, there are a lot of them. Let's look at this in more detail.

Domain zone

There are domain zones that have been in use for a long time. For example, com, net, org.

There are special areas for sites on certain topics. Example: gov (government), mil (military), edu (educational).

Available for sites of certain countries (regions): ru, by, kz and so on.

There are new domain zones for every taste. For example, shop, sport, moscow.

Of course, it's up to you to decide. But when choosing a zone, it makes sense to listen to the advice of professionals:

It is better not to register names of the third level, that is, with two “tails” (ru.com, org.am, etc.).

The exception is the domain zone com.ua - this zone is for Ukrainian sites.

If your site is targeted at residents of a certain country, then it is better to register the name in the national domain zone.

For example, you want to create a website for a company that provides services in Minsk (Republic of Belarus). This means that the name for this site must be chosen with a “tail” .by

If you are creating an international website, without regional affiliation, then it is better to register the domain in the com zone.

For example, you are creating an information site about smartphones in English. That is, visitors to this site will not be from Russia, but from other countries. This means you need to choose a name with a tail.com

If you are creating a website in Russian, without regional affiliation, then it is better to register the domain in the ru zone.

For example, our website. Its visitors are Russian-speaking residents of different countries. Therefore, it is located in the ru zone

Name for the site

Let's say you have decided on a zone. Now you need to choose a name for the site, that is, some word or several words that will be its address.

In fact, it doesn't matter what it is. The main thing is that it is. It’s like with a phone number: it’s not so important what it is, the main thing is that it is.

But it’s still better if the name is short, easy to remember, without numbers or hyphens, and reflects the essence of the site. But since each name is unique, that is, it can only belong to one site, there are few such short beautiful names left. You have to use your wits.

The principle is as follows: go to the domain name registrar website and select an address.

It doesn’t matter which registrar’s website you go to - there are very, very many of them. The base is the same for all, only the prices and ease of selection differ. Don’t look at the prices, since you will be buying a domain on another site (with the most affordable prices), the main thing is convenience.

For example, you can choose an address for the site here.

Let your imagination run wild. If the selected word is taken, add a few letters to it. In general, try to choose a name that is pleasant to both the ear and the eye.

Imagine how it will be written on a business card. Will a person be able to accurately type it by ear (for example, if the address is dictated over the phone).

Checking the domain name

Let's say you have chosen an address for your website. It suits you, and you are ready to buy it. But you should check this name before purchasing.

The fact is that the Internet has existed for a very long time, and along with it, domain names have existed for just as long. Every day thousands of different sites appear on the Internet and thousands close down.

Each of them has its own name. This name needs to be renewed. That is, the name is not bought forever, but for a certain period, for example, a year.

So, when a site closes and its name is not renewed, after a while it becomes free. As a result, anyone will be able to register it, that is, buy it for their website.

Everything would be fine, but by buying such an address, you can say that you are taking away its past. Search engines Yandex, Google and others know and remember the history of each name. And sometimes this “cargo” can be very difficult to get rid of.

For example, you picked beautiful address, and previously there was a site with prohibited information on it. For search engines, such an address is marked as “bad”, and they ignore it. By purchasing such a name for your site, it becomes invisible to search engines.

Or, let’s say you have a website dedicated to aquarium fish. You buy a name for it that used to belong to an online store selling TVs. Since search engines remember that TVs used to be sold at this address, you may have difficulty promoting information about fish.

Verification methods

There are several ways to verify a name. You can find out if it was once used and see what site was previously at this address.

Unfortunately, there is no way to know the “score” that search engines gave this site. Even if it looked decent and didn't have anything illegal on it, the address could get a black mark.

Unfortunately, there is no way to check this. Usually such things are learned after purchasing and attaching a new site.

So, method number one: we check whether the name has been registered by someone before.

For addresses in any domain zone. We check on the website whois.domaintools.com.

Type the domain name you want to check (in full) and click on the “Lookup” button.

If there are no entries, then everything is fine. This means that this address never belonged to anyone.

If there is a “Whois History” item with a certain number of records, it means that this address already belonged to someone.

For addresses in the ru, su, rf zone. Such addresses can also be checked using the previous method, but more full information can be obtained from whoishistory.ru.

However, for this you need to register, confirm your registration by e-mail, and log in.

After this, enter the domain that you want to check without a domain zone - you need to select it in a separate window. Check "Exact Match" and then "All WHOIS History" with a dot. After that, select some very old date (year two thousand) in the “Registration date (created)” field - “from”. And in the “to” field is today. Then click on the “Find” button.

If there are no entries, it means that this address has not been used before.

If any record is found, it means that earlier given name has already been registered to someone. You can also see more there detailed information(when, to whom, etc.).

Method number two: we check whether there was a site at this address before.

These are the registrars through which I personally have been ordering and renewing addresses for websites for many years. So far there have been no problems. The only thing is that at the first registrar the cost of the domain upon renewal differs from the primary one. Of course, not to the lesser extent. Beget has the same one.

If you are a beginner and have created a website using my lessons, I recommend buying a name on beget.ru, since it is very easy to attach it to the created website.

I can’t say anything about reliability - I’ve never used their services myself. But this office has been operating for several years and they have good reviews. True, sometimes their website hangs, but this does not affect the quality of services.

The Internet is an integral part Everyday life most people. Taking advantage of the opportunities that the World Wide Web provides, many users do not know or are not interested in how its structure is organized.

In particular, not everyone knows what a domain is and what it means practical value for organizing human work online. A lot is interesting - from the history of the appearance of these structural elements web up legal aspects regarding their use.

What is a domain name

A domain name is a combination of alphabetic characters and numbers indicating the coordinates of a site on the Internet. In all cases, it is tied to the IP address of the web server on which the web resource is hosted. The domain address begins with the abbreviation http (this means that the connection is via the hypertext protocol), and ends with the designation of the first-level zone (.ru, .com, .org, etc.). Global interaction between servers using domain names is carried out DNS service. Without it, the functioning of the Internet would be impossible.

Domain name levels

A domain name can be of the first (in this case it can be called a zone), second and third levels. The website address on the Internet is formed based on the hierarchy for each of the three. The sequence of levels in writing a website address is built from left to right and is separated by a dot.

Domains of the first zone, as a rule, belong to individual states, or conventionally designate any global branch of human activity. For example, zone.ru belongs to Russia. The one that.gov is for US government agencies. In turn, .com is a domain that reflects the ownership of the site by commercial structures (although in fact the owners may not be entrepreneurs). The division into zones from the point of view of the status of the owners or the subject of the sites, we repeat, is very arbitrary.

Second-level domains belong to private users (individuals or legal entities) of the Internet. They are necessarily included in the structure of first-level names (zones), and the name of each is unique. That is, at the .com level there cannot be two domains like microsoft.com.

What is a third level domain? In fact, this is just a certain data area on the site, which is located on the second one. Third-level domains thus belong, as a rule, to the owners of zones of the second type (unless any agreements delimiting ownership rights have been concluded). The use of such data areas on a website is usually justified from the point of view of the thematic structure of the web resource. Sections and headings are linked to third-level names, or they are used to personalize data areas (when data areas are linked to individual user accounts). Most often, at the third level, a free domain name is issued. In practice, this can be expressed in the provision of hosting services.

Hybrid domains

There are a small number of domains that de facto have characteristics of the second level - such as, for example, org.ru or co.uk, but from a legal point of view they are equivalent to those that belong to the first. Third-level domains are associated with these zones in the same way (located on the left side of the address bar).

Who registers domains and under what conditions?

The use of first and second level domain names requires registration. It is carried out by an organization with a special status. Such structures are in charge of creating new domain names, as well as extending the validity of existing ones.

Accreditation of organizations whose competence includes domain name registration is carried out by ICANN. For zones of any level there can be either one or several registrars. Now in Russia, for example, there are about 20 of them. The activities of such structures are regulated by a single Coordination Center. In some cases, registrars are controlled by authorities. In particular, the .mil domain is administered by the US Department of Defense. In turn, the Coordination Center, which manages organizations that enter Russian domains into registers, was for some time reporting to the Ministry of Communications of the Russian Federation.

Zone recorders perform a number of important technical functions. This could be, for example, control over correct operation single base data, which contains information about registered accounts, ensuring the functioning of queries to information in these databases using Whois services, maintaining in working condition DNS servers.

The rules for registering domains at the international and national levels tend to be different. Those that are typical for the former are developed and installed by ICANN, for the latter - accredited organizations (or authorities).

Formalities

To register a domain in Russia, you only need a passport. The cost of the procedure varies depending on which first-level zone the site is being designed in. For.ru, the typical cost of registration is 500-600 rubles. Personal data about domain owners is usually open. In Russia, this is your full name, telephone number (for individuals), and company name (for legal entities).

The validity period for domain registration is usually one year (but rules may vary in different zones). Renewal can be carried out either automatically or upon request. In both cases, the user’s financial balance must have cash, which is enough to pay for the registrar’s services.

What is domain delegation

Domain names are just identifiers. They are intended only to facilitate user navigation on the Internet. Domain names must be associated with a specific site.

The mediator in this interaction is the hosting server on which the web resource is located. The procedure for establishing a connection between a domain name and such a platform is delegation. If this procedure is not implemented, then the domain itself will not be of any value. In turn, the most important function from the point of view of delegation is performed by the DNS service, which we mentioned above.

How to delegate a domain

The process of linking a domain to hosting is very simple. This happens by entering data about DNS servers into the registrar's database. Typically, users can do this themselves by logging into their account settings. In order for the site to work stably, it is desirable that the hosting provider can provide two DNS servers.

You can check whether a domain is delegated or not using Whois service. If the procedure is carried out correctly, the response to the request will contain the “delegated” status. If not, then “not delegated”.

Dispute Resolution

If a situation arises in which a dispute or disagreement arises between domain name owners, then a compromise will most likely have to be sought in court. The registrars themselves do not have functions that would somehow contribute to the resolution of disputes arising related to the use of resources. At the same time, these organizations are obliged to comply with all court decisions related to zone management activities.

History of domain.ru

When and how did the domain name.ru appear? There is information that the first connections to networks similar to the Internet were made in the USSR in the 1970s, but all data about this is classified. Therefore, according to some experts, the World Wide Web did not become something revolutionary new for many Soviet and Russian IT specialists. Many Soviet programmers knew in theory what a domain was and the prospects for the development of the Internet. It is known that in 1983, international conferences were held in which communication between the participants (among whom were scientists from the USSR) was maintained using computer networks. Domain.su was registered in 1990, at the same time the first large computer network, Relcom, appeared.

Zona.ru was registered and entered into the international database reflecting nationality on April 7, 1994. This event was preceded by an agreement signed by the largest Russian Internet providers, reflecting the procedures joint management new domain zone. According to one of the clauses of the agreement, functions related to administration and support technical processes to ensure the performance of sites in the domain.ru, were transferred to the Development Research Institute public networks. Until 2000, registration of zones.ru was carried out only by this organization.

The first second-level domains were registered literally on the first day of the appearance of zone.ru. Until that moment, Russian sites worked in connection with the Soviet address.su. Sometimes the opportunity to launch the site vida.com helped out - this domain is in international jurisdiction, its use was not prohibited in Russia. By the way, the.su zone has not lost its relevance to this day - many users and organizations willingly register in it.

Cyrillic domain.RF

In 2009, a new domain name appeared in the Russian Federation - .рф. It, as well as in the second and third level zones associated with it, uses the Cyrillic alphabet. Since November 2010, domain name registration in zone.рф has become available to everyone. Previously, only government organizations or commercial enterprises that officially owned trademarks had this right.

Domains and email

What is a domain from the point of view of the functioning of electronic mail addresses? Their most direct component. No email can exist without a domain. The @ sign (“dog”) is used here as an additional identification element. An email address can be linked to second or third level domains. The history of the emergence of e-mail is interesting.

In 1971, American IT specialist Ray Tomlinson created computer program, which could send messages from one PC to another using network resources. Each of the messages was placed in a specialized file area - a “box” (and from the point of view of structure computer network- to the mail domain).

Tomlinson's program was constantly improved. The author developed special system registration postal addresses. The user (the owner of the “box”) had to use an address to exchange messages with others, consisting of his personalized name (“login”) and the computer domain, which were separated by the symbol @ (in English read “at”, that is, “there ", "over there"). That is, an email address like vladimir@computer12 meant that the letter was sent to Vladimir on PC number 12. Tomlinson also created a program that made it easier sending e-mail ordinary users with low level software skills. It was later improved by an American colleague, Lawrence Roberts.

Mail program as well as organization system email addresses, appealed to users of the ARPANET network (considered the prototype of the Internet). In a matter of years, the bulk of data began to be transferred between users via e-mail. In the mid-70s, the first mailing lists appeared on the ARPANET (the most popular topic of which was science fiction). In 1975, John Vittal created a program that had almost all the functions that we use today.

The modern spelling of e-mail is a username combined with a second and first level domain. The functions of the mail server can be performed by the user's computer or cloud hosting. Each of these email formats has advantages and disadvantages.