What is needed to replace the motherboard. Transferring Windows XP to new hardware (without reinstallation)

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A motherboard or Motherboard is one of the main elements of a system unit, the capabilities and characteristics of which determine the choice of other components for a computer. Many novice users encounter next problem: tens of thousands of rubles spent and purchased full set components, but they do not fit together.

So how can you choose the right motherboard for your future system unit or make a replacement? motherboard?

How to choose a motherboard

When selecting a motherboard, it is very important to consider the type of supported video cards. All modern models connect to the PCI-Express connector, however, on older models it is possible to use AGP video adapters. Basically, these are motherboards based on socket 478. If at the selection stage you correctly determine the type of all components that you are going to use, then in the future you can completely eliminate unjustified spending and save yourself from the need to exchange purchases in the store.

Processor sockets

The first thing you need to consider when buying a motherboard is the socket. The type and power of the processor used on the PC depends on it. Today the following types are actively used: Socket 478, Socket 775, Socket 1155 or 1156 and Socket 1366 for processors from Intel and AM2 or AM2+ for processors from AMD.

Processor Socket 478

Accepts the use of legacy processors such as Intel Pentium 4, Intel Pentium D, Intel Celeron, Intel Celeron M410, M420 and M430. Although this technology is already very outdated, many organizations and individuals still have computers equipped with motherboards based on socket 478.

Processor Socket 775

Used for the following processors Intel Core 2 Duo, Intel Core 2 Quad, as well as some modifications of Intel Pentium D and Intel Celeron. Today, motherboards based on socket 775 are the most common. This is due to the fact that for quite a long time developers and manufacturers of processors concentrated their efforts to increase power and performance on these models. Most computers in various organizations and individuals are equipped with motherboards based on socket 775.

Processor sockets 1155 or 1156

Intended for the latest processors from Intel, such as Intel Core i3, Intel Core i5 and Intel Core i7. This is a line of the latest processors that allows you to achieve much greater performance compared to its predecessors. Today, sales of the i-series are increasing significantly, which allows us to confidently say that in the near future they will completely replace the popular Socket 775.

Processor Socket 1366

Allows use the most powerful processors Intel Core i7. The main advantage of these processors is maximum performance. Computers for processing graphic applications, performing complex engineering calculations or for modern games are equipped with these processors. The only drawback of the i7 is its too high price, which prevents their widespread use on home computers.

Processor Socket AM2

For AMD processors such as Athlon and Phenom. Despite quite attractive prices compared to its main competitor, AMD has not been able to achieve the same widespread adoption of its products. This is due to the inherently lower performance and tendency of these processors to overheat.

Types of RAM in PC

In addition to the socket, you should pay attention to the type of supported RAM chips. On this moment Three types of RAM are widely used in desktop computer: DDR1, DDR2 and DDR3.

Memory type DDR1

It is an outdated type of RAM chip, and is used mainly on motherboards that have long been discontinued. Despite the fact that this type of RAM is very outdated, you can still find computers equipped with these particular chips. This type of RAM is already difficult to find, and it will be expensive. If your computer breaks down due to the failure of such RAM, then it is more profitable to purchase a new one than to buy old memory from the same old PC.

Memory type DDR2

Mainly used on socket 775 motherboards. This is currently the most common type of RAM. But it has long been replaced by motherboards with DDR3. Most manufacturers have already stopped mass-producing motherboards with DDR2 RAM, which will most likely lead to a shortage of such motherboards in the future.

Memory type DDR3

Used on new motherboards equipped with 1155, 1156 or 1366 socket. At the moment, motherboards of this type have maximum performance at relatively low prices.

Replacing the motherboard

Unfortunately, like any high-tech device, the motherboard sooner or later becomes unusable. The first question that many users ask in this situation is what to do: repair the old motherboard or replace the motherboard with a new one?

It can be answered unequivocally that if we're talking about about an outdated model, discontinued or not widely used in Russia, then it is not advisable to repair the device, since the cost of repair can be many times higher than the price of a new model with better characteristics.

The main difficulty when replacing or installing a new motherboard is connecting it to the computer's power supply. Despite the fact that this process is described in sufficient detail in the instructions, connecting the motherboard can be extremely difficult for novice users.

How to connect the motherboard

The process of connecting a motherboard includes many sequential steps. First of all, you need to install the processor and RAM into the motherboard itself. If there is a separate sound card, it should also be enabled when connecting the motherboard. Next, you need to correctly connect the special connectors that are responsible for correct operation: computer on/off buttons, reset button.

After this, you need to connect the power hard drives and DVD-RW drive, power supply to the video card. On some system units There is a separate connector for connecting the backlight of the case itself. In addition to connecting the power supply, you must correctly install and connect additional USB ports and an audio input on the front panel of the computer. All stages are not difficult, and with some effort you should succeed. If any technical issues, we will try to answer them!

Provided that the mother card is out of order or a global PC upgrade is planned, you will need to change it. First, you need to choose a suitable replacement for your old motherboard. It is important to ensure that all computer components are compatible with new board, otherwise you will have to buy new components (primarily this applies to the cooler).

If you have a board that accepts all the main components from the PC (CPU, RAM, cooler, graphics adapter, hard drive), then you can proceed with the installation. Otherwise, you will have to purchase replacements for incompatible components.

Replacement motherboard will most likely lead to disruptions in operating system, until the latter refuses to start (a “blue screen of death” will appear).

So be sure to download Windows installer, even if you don’t plan to reinstall Windows, you may need it for correct installation new drivers. It is also advisable to do backups necessary files and documents if the system still needs to be reinstalled.

Stage 1: dismantling

It consists of removing all the old equipment from the motherboard and dismantling the board itself. The main thing is not to damage the most important components of the PC during dismantling - the CPU, RAM sticks, video card, etc. It is especially easy to damage the central processor, so it must be removed as carefully as possible.

Let's consider step by step instructions for dismantling the old motherboard:

Step 2: Installing a New Motherboard

On at this stage you need to install a new motherboard and connect all the necessary components to it.

First, attach the motherboard itself to the case using bolts. There will be special holes for screws on the motherboard itself. There are also places inside the case where screws should be screwed in. Make sure that the holes in the motherboard coincide with the mounting points on the case. Attach the board carefully, because any damage can greatly impair its performance.
Once you are sure that the motherboard is holding tightly, begin installation central processor. Carefully install the processor into the socket until you hear a barely audible click, then secure it using a special structure on the socket and apply thermal paste.
Install the cooler on top of the processor using screws or special latches.
Install the remaining components. They just need to be connected to special connectors and secure with latches. Some components (for example, hard disks) are not mounted on the motherboard itself, but are connected to it using buses or cables.
As a final step, connect the power supply to the motherboard. Cables from the power supply must go to all elements that require connection to it (most often, a video card and a cooler).

Check if the board is connected successfully. To do this, connect your computer to the mains and try turning it on. If any image appears on the screen (even if it’s an error), then you have connected everything correctly.

Stage 3: Troubleshooting

If after changing the motherboard the OS no longer boots normally, then it is not necessary to completely reinstall it. Use a pre-prepared flash drive with Windows installed on it. In order for the OS to work normally again, you will have to make certain changes to the registry, so it is recommended to strictly follow the instructions below so as not to completely destroy the OS.

First, you need to make sure that the OS boots from a flash drive, and not from a hard drive. This is done when BIOS help according to the following instructions:

After rebooting, the computer will start booting from the flash drive where Windows is installed. With its help, you can either reinstall the OS or restore the current one. Let's look at the step-by-step recovery instructions current version OS:

When replacing the motherboard, it is important to take into account not only the physical parameters of the case and its components, but also the system parameters, because After replacing the motherboard, the system stops booting in 90% of cases. You should also be prepared for the fact that after changing the motherboard, all drivers may be lost.

Reasons for Windows not working after replacing the motherboard. Often after replacing the motherboard or changing the controller operating mode hard drive V BIOS settings(Raid, Compatible, AHCI, Native SATA) system boot starts as usual, appears opening screensaver, then - reset, information about passing the POST BIOS, and again, the start of loading with the same continuation. This usually occurs because the system was unable to load the boot device driver and encountered a critical STOP error: 0x0000007B Inaccessible Boot Device

In order to get accurate information about a critical error instead of rebooting, you need to disable the automatic reboot mode when it occurs. For Windows XP and older, this can be done through the menu Windows boot loader, if at the very beginning of the boot press F8 and select the boot option - Disable automatic reboot when the system fails

When loading into this mode, if a critical error occurs, the Windows “blue screen of death” or BSOD - Blue ScreenOf Death will be displayed on the monitor screen.

Critical error Stop 7B when replacing the motherboard, or changing the operating mode of the hard drive controller, occurs because the new controller is not recognized by the system as, specifically, a hard drive controller.

At the very beginning of the operating system loader, to perform operations with hard drive special BIOS routines are used (INT 13H interrupt functions), and that is why the system boots up and proceeds normally for some time. However, at a certain stage of booting and initializing the kernel, since Windows does not use the BIOS interrupt functions, it becomes necessary to load drivers through which the Boot Device will be accessed. First of all, the system must determine which hard drive controller will be used and load the appropriate driver for it. If the controller is not found, the driver is not found or its launch is prohibited, the system will complete the boot process with a critical error of the boot device being unavailable (stop 7B).

When replacing the motherboard with a board of a different type, the hard drive controller, from the point of view of the operating system, will become a different, new device. In progress bootstrap, Plug-n-Play (PnP) devices are identified by the system using special code(PnP-ID), depending on the set of chips on which the device or chipset is assembled, and a new HDD controller assembled on a different chipset will have a different identifier. If the system “knows” the new PnP-ID of the HDD controller, and there is a driver to service it, then replacing the motherboard will take place without any problems. Otherwise, the HDD controller identifier, unknown to the installed system, will not allow it to load the driver necessary for operation.

And here there are 2 options for solving the problem:

Make the system work with the new hard drive controller using standard Microsoft drivers.
- add new driver hard disk controller from the equipment manufacturer into a non-functional system.

The first option is much simpler, safer and can be easily done using the usual import of several keys into the registry of a non-working system, for example, using ERD Commander. The second is a little more complicated, you not only need to add an identification entry for the HDD controller, but also associate the necessary driver with it, and also ensure its loading and initialization.

One way to resolve stop error 7B is to sequentially perform the following steps:

Translation of the controller, if necessary, in the settings Motherboard BIOS boards into Compatible Mode with a standard IDE controller
Typically, this is done in the hard drive controller configuration section and may have different meanings installations,
Controller Mode: Compatible
Configure SATA as: IDE
SATA Operation as ATA
AHCI Mode: Disabled
SATA Native Mode: Disable

Using standard drivers from Windows distribution to boot the system.
This usually doesn't require any special effort other than checking a few registry values.

Windows XP has unpleasant feature- if you replace the motherboard, there is a high probability that the operating system will no longer start. This usually looks like a blue screen on boot with the STOP 0x0000007b error followed by a reboot. Loading in safe mode gives the same result.

But there is a solution to the problem. To do this, you need to boot from the Winternals ERD Commander disk (download link iso image at the bottom of the page) make changes to the registry using the file - mergeide.reg and add drivers to the Windows\system32\drivers folder. After that, restart the computer and enjoy normal loading. All that remains is to install the drivers for the new motherboard.

Quick Guide

1. Boot from the Winternals ERD Commander disk with support for your system
2. Write files from the idedrivers folder to C:\WINDOWS\system32\drivers
3. Run mergeide.reg to register standard IDE drivers

When switching from Intel chipset for any other, you also need to delete the branch in the registry

otherwise the following error may appear

STOP 0×0000007E

If all this still does not help, you need to reinstall XP in recovery mode. For example, take Zver CD and start the installation not automatically, but in manual mode and after license agreement(where the product code is written instead of the agreement) search is underway installed systems. Select the one you need and press R. (This should not be confused with pressing R to enter the recovery console immediately after loading the disk. There we press Enter) Then everything is as usual, only after the installation is complete we see our long-awaited desktop with all the programs. :-)

If you decide to do"upgrade"(updating) the motherboard, or replacing a non-working board with a new one, your old Operating System will no longer boot. While loadingwindows will arise blue screen (BSOD) with an error STOP 0x0000007B. This happens due to a change in the bus controllerATA/SATA.

The whole point is that Windows does not have the ability to independently change the controller driver upon boot. As a result, during boot the operating system - just loses HDD and will not be able to continue launching.
So the question is:

how to change the motherboard without Windows reinstallation 7 ? Reinstalling Windows is not difficult, but with all this All programs and settings will be lost. And this is quite often unacceptable!

Return Windows 7 by updating it with installation disk, will also fail because run this function only possible from an already loaded OS.
But don't be upset! It will help us (download the disk image here: ERDC.rar). Unpack it from the archive (just drag and drop the file ERDC.iso- for example, on the desktop) and write to "blank" using a disc burning program ISO-Burner. Thanks to him, we we will make the necessary changes to, required to boot on a fresh controller.
Let's begin!

1. Boot from the burned disc. Select the version in the download menu ERD Commander 6.5 for Windows 7.

2. To the question "Initialize network connection in background?" we answer No.

3. To the question "Reassign drive letters..." we answer Yes.

4. Select the keyboard layout and press the button Further. After that, select our operating system from the list and click Further.

5. If the previous boot of Windows 7 failed, a search for boot problems will begin.
Let's press Cancel, so as not to waste time, because this remedy Restoring startup in case of changing the motherboard cannot help. To the question "Stop troubleshooting?" we answer Yes. The next news that it was not possible to eliminate the problems, do not be afraid and press the button Ready.

6. In the window that appears, select the item Microsoft Diagnostics and Recovery Toolset.

7. Now let's launch registry editor

8. First you need to delete the registry branch HKLM\SYSTEM\MountedDevices

9. Now you need to enable the launch of services that load standard drivers controllers IDE And SATA.

10. Expanding the thread HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\services on the left side of the Registry Editor. Now we check the following sections in this thread: amdide, amdsata, amdxata, atapi, intelide, msahci, pciide. Parameter Start everyone must have equal 0x00000000 (0). Meaning Start=0- starting the service when Windows boots. If it is equal 0x00000003 (3) double click on the parameter name (Start) and replace the value with 0 and press OK.

11. After start will be set to 0 for all the above registry keys, close the registry editor and reboot the PC into normal mode. As a rule, this is enough for successful Windows boot 7. Now you need to install the drivers on a fresh motherboard.

In case it didn't help!
If the above did not help and Windows 7 still does not boot and displays an error STOP 0x0000007b, this means the required controller driver is not loaded. To correct the situation, we enable the loading of all drivers known to the operating system.

To achieve the desired result, set the parameter value Start equal 0 in the following services: adp94xx, adpahci, adpu320, aic78xx, amdsbs, arc, arcsas, elxstor, HpSAMD, iaStorV, iirsp, LSI_FC, LSI_SAS, LSI_SAS2, LSI_SCSI, megasas, MegaSR, nfrd960, nvraid, nvstor, ql2300, ql40xx, SiSRaid 2, SiSRaid4, vhdmp, vsmraid, aliide, cmdide, nvraid, viaide.

Reboot the PC in normal mode. The OS must boot.

Quite often, a situation occurs when a user who has upgraded a PC and replaced its motherboard, then has to reinstall the system on the hard drive, and, accordingly, reinstall all previously installed programs. This is due to the fact that the PC simply does not want to start and displays a “blue screen” or other error when trying to activate. Let's find out how you can avoid such inconveniences and replace the motherboard without reinstalling Windows 7.

The reason that in the described situation a reinstallation of Windows is required is the inability previous version The OS will find the required drivers for the SATA controller of the new motherboard. This problem is solved by editing the registry or pre-installing drivers. Then you won't have to reinstall the system software.

Algorithm Windows settings 7 depends on whether you do it before replacing the motherboard or after the fact, that is, when the reinstallation is completed and an error is displayed when starting the computer. Naturally, the first option is more preferable and a little easier than the second, but even if you have already changed the motherboard and cannot start the OS, you should not fall into despair. The problem can also be solved without reinstalling Windows, although this will require more effort.

Method 1: Setting up the OS before replacing the board

Let's immediately look at the procedure when setting up the system before the motherboard has been replaced.

Attention! Before you begin to apply the steps described below, be sure to check the system registry.

First of all, you need to see if the drivers of the old motherboard are suitable for replacing it. After all, if they are compatible, then no additional manipulations need to be performed, since after installing the new Windows boards will launch in normal mode. So click "Start" and open "Control Panel".

Next, go to the section "System and safety".

Click on an element "Device Manager" in the block "System".

You can also type on your keyboard instead of these actions Win+R and enter the expression there:

After this you should press "OK".
In the opened "Dispatcher" click on the section name "IDE ATA/ATAPI controllers".

A list of connected controllers will open. If their name contains only the name of the controller type (IDE, ATA or ATAPI) without the name of a specific brand, this means that standard Windows drivers and they are suitable for almost any motherboard model. But if in "Device Manager" the specific name of the controller brand is displayed, in this case you must check it with the name of the controller of the new “motherboard”. If they are different, then in order for the OS to start without problems after changing the board, you need to perform a number of manipulations.

First of all, you need to transfer the drivers of the new motherboard to your computer. The easiest way to do this is to use the disk with software which comes with motherboard. Just insert it into the drive and download the drivers to the hard drive, but do not install them yet. Even if for some reason you don’t have the media with the specified software at hand, you can download necessary drivers from the official website of the motherboard manufacturer.
Then you should remove the hard drive controller driver. IN "Dispatcher" double-click on the controller name with the left mouse button.

In the controller properties shell, navigate to the section "Driver".

Next click on the button "Delete".

Then, in the dialog box, confirm your actions by clicking "OK".

After removal, restart the computer and install the controller driver for the new motherboard using the standard method.
Next in "Dispatcher" click on the section name "System devices".

In the list that appears, find the element "PCI bus" and double click on it.

In the properties shell PCI buses move to section "Driver".

Click on an element "Delete".

Same as when deleting previous driver, click on the button in the dialog box "OK".

After removing the driver, which may take a long time, turn off the computer and perform the procedure of replacing the motherboard. After turning on the PC for the first time, install the previously prepared motherboard drivers.

You can configure Windows 7 to change the motherboard and more simple method by editing the registry.

Type on the keyboard Win+R and drive in next command in the window that opens:
Then click on the button "OK".

In the left area of the displayed interface "Registry Editor" sequentially go to the following folders: "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE" And "SYSTEM". Then open "CurrentControlSet" And "services".

Next in the last specified folder find the catalog "msahci" and select it.

Move to the right area of the interface "Editor". Click on the element name "Start".

In field "Meaning" set the number «0» without quotes and click "OK".

Further in the section "services" find the folder "pciide" and after selecting it in the right area of the shell, click on the name of the element "Start". In the window that opens, also change the value to «0» and click "OK".

If you use RAID mode, then in this case you need to perform one more additional action. Move to section "iaStorV" all the same directory "services". Here also go to the element properties "Start" and change the value in the field to «0» , remembering to click after that "OK".

After completing these steps, turn off the computer and replace the motherboard. After making the replacement, go to the BIOS and activate one of the three ATA modes, or simply leave the value at the default settings. Start Windows and install the controller driver and other motherboard drivers.

Method 2: Setting up the OS after replacing the board

If you have already reinstalled the motherboard and received an error like “ blue screen", there is no need to be upset. To perform the necessary manipulations, you need to have an installation flash drive or Windows 7 CD on hand.

Start your computer with installation flash drive or CD. In the installer start window, click on the element "System Restore".

Select an item from the list of funds displayed "Command line".

In the opened shell « Command line» enter the command:

The interface familiar to us will be displayed "Registry Editor". Mark the folder "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE".

Then click on the menu "File" and select an option "Load bush".

IN address bar opened window "Conductor" enter the following path:
C:\Windows\system32\config

Then click ENTER or click on the arrow icon to the right of the address.

In the directory that appears, find a file without an extension under the name "SYSTEM", mark it and click "Open".

Next, a window will open in which you need to arbitrarily specify any name for the new section. For example, you can name "new". Then click on the button "OK".

Now click on the folder name "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE" and go to the recently downloaded section.

Then go through the directories one by one "ControlSet001" And "services".

Find the section "msahci" and after selecting it, change the value of the parameter "Start" on «0» the same way as was done when considering Method 1.

Then go to the folder in exactly the same way "pciide" section "services" and change the parameter value "Start" on «0» .

If you use RAID mode, you will need to complete one more step, otherwise just skip it. Go to the catalog "iaStorV" section "services" and change the parameter value in it "Start" from the current version to «0» . As always, don’t forget to click the button after making changes "OK" in the parameter properties window.

Then go back to the root of the folder "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE" and select the generated section in which the editing was done. In our example it is called "new", but you can have it by any other name.

Next, click on the menu item called "File" and select the option there "Unload bush".

A dialog box will open where you need to click on the button to confirm the unloading of the current section and all its subsections "Yes".

Next close the window "Registry Editor", shell "Command line" and restart your PC. After the standard computer startup, install the hard drive controller drivers for the new motherboard. The system should now activate without a hitch.

To avoid having to reinstall Windows 7 after replacing the motherboard, you need to make the appropriate OS settings. Moreover, this is done both before replacing the motherboard and after this procedure. In the second case, manipulations are performed in system registry. And in the first situation, in addition to this option, you can also use the mechanism of preliminary reinstallation of drivers hard controllers disk.